UA45881A - METHOD OF SEPARATION OF BULK MIXTURE IN LIQUID MEDIA AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of separation of loose mixture in fluid medium includes the supply of particles at the same speed, aerodynamic action on them on the angle and removal of finished fractions. The action on the particles flow is made on the acute angle of attack by a cascade of plat flows in the mode of step-by-step increasing reversal force scanning with increase of amplitude and scanning angle at steady angle of attack and the removal of finished fractions is carried out simultaneously with selection and return for iterative separation of intermediate fractions. The plant for separation of loose mixture in fluid medium includes a device of formation of an homogenous flow of initial material in the form of a bunker and a vibrogutter mounted on the angle of a nozzle of air supply, the tanks for collecting of fractions are placed under the nozzles. The nozzles are flat-horizontal and are of different gages, they are mounted in series along the flow with variable spacing and on a acute angle, the nozzle gage, spacing and mounting angle increase from top to bottom and the collectors of fractions next nearest are connected with a device for supply of initial material with the help of transport device.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention belongs to methods and devices for air (liquid) separation of bulk materials and 2 can be used in food, chemical and other industries, as well as in agriculture to prepare seeds for sowing and for breeding purposes.

There is a known method of separating a loose mixture in a fluid medium, including feeding the particles at the same speed, acting on them with a uniform air flow, and removing the finished fractions (see A.S.SSSR, Mo 1176976, MKY B 07 B 4/02, publ. 07.09. 85, Bul. Mo 33 "Pneumoseparator of friable materials"). 70 A well-known device for separating bulk materials, including a fan with an outlet nozzle, a loading hopper located above them and adjacent collectors of finished fractions with devices for screening light particles (see AS USSR Mo 1763051, MKY В 07 В 4/02 , publ. 23.09.92, Bul. Mo 35 "Pneumoseparator of friable materials").

In the known method and device, air flow is applied to a single portion of the loose mixture 12 once and only from one random side, so the quality (accuracy) of the separation process is very low (approximate). For this reason, similar methods and devices are used mainly for pre-cleaning the bulk mixture from light impurities.

The solution closest in technical essence, taken as a prototype, is a method of separating a loose mixture in a fluid medium, which includes feeding at the same speed on an inclined plane particles, pre-oriented according to one of the characteristic sizes. When each particle rises from an inclined plane, it is acted upon once from the lower side by a jet of air in the mode of uniform linear pressure. After separation, the finished fractions are removed.

A known device for implementing a method of separating a loose mixture in a fluid medium, which includes a grooved vibrating tray with a receiving hopper, an adjacent inclined surface with parallel grooves, 22 devices for feeding the initial material to the inclined surface, and collectors of finished fractions located under the unloading edge of the inclined surface. At the same time, the surface chute is equipped near the unloading edge with a cylindrical nozzle for air supply, installed at a right angle to it (see A.S.SSSR Mo 1502137, MKY B 07 B 4/02, publ. 08/23/89, Byul. Mo 31 " A method of separating a loose mixture in a fluid medium and a device for its implementation"). --

Separation according to this method occurs due to the difference in the ratio of weight and force of aerodynamic resistance of individual particles. This method is more accurate, more stable compared to the above, since, thanks to the preliminary orientation of the particles, the point of application of the aerodynamic force of the jet is not random, but quite regular in nature. yu

Nevertheless, the known method and device have the following disadvantages. When separating particles of a complex 3o (irregular) shape (flattened ellipsoid, pyramid, hemisphere, crescent, etc.), the quality of separation C deteriorates sharply, especially in the case of separation into a large number of fractions (more than 3), when increased separation accuracy is required .

The decrease in the quality of separation is explained not only by the technical impossibility of the same orientation of particles of a complex shape, but also by the fact that the particles are acted upon once and only from one side. Therefore, despite the homogeneous linear regime of the jet, the resulting aerodynamic force, which is directly dependent on the Midel section of the body of the flow, even for the same particle, ultimately has a random character, that is, it is not constant.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating a method of separating a loose mixture in a fluid medium and a device for its implementation by optimizing the aerodynamic action on the particles of the initial material 49 and selective cleaning of the material to be separated, which will ensure an increase in the quality of separation in the case of fractional separation of particles of a complex shape. 4! The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of separating a loose mixture in a fluid medium, which includes feeding particles at the same speed, aerodynamic action at an angle on them and output

With ready-made fractions, according to the invention, actions are carried out at an acute angle of attack in a cascade of 20 flat-horizontal jets in the mode of gradually increasing sign-changing force scanning with an increase in stages of the amplitude and scanning angle at an unchanged angle of attack, and the output of ready-made fractions

C is carried out simultaneously with the selection and return for repeated separation of intermediate fractions.

The set task is also achieved by the fact that in the device for the implementation of the method of separating the loose mixture in the fluid medium, which is the key device for creating a uniform flow of the initial 29 material in the form of a hopper and a vibrating tray, installed at the angle of the nozzle for supplying air, collectors in. of fractions located under the nozzles, according to the invention, the nozzles are made flat-horizontal and of different calibers, installed sequentially along the stream with variable pitch and acute angle of installation, while the caliber of the nozzles, the pitch and the angle of installation increase from top to bottom, and the collectors of fractions are connected through one a device for feeding the initial material with the help of a transport device. 60 A distinctive feature of the proposed method of separating a loose mixture in a fluid medium and the device for its implementation, in comparison with the prototype, is the possibility of obtaining high-quality (accurate) separation of particles of a complex shape by choosing the optimal aerodynamic action on the particles of the initial material.

In the proposed technical solution, distinguishing features are not characteristics of whole parts of the whole object, because they can be whole and independent objects with their own functions, therefore in isolation from other parts

(features) they are not classified, and the set of features set forth in the distinguishing parts of the formulas was not found in known technical solutions, therefore the proposed solution meets the requirements of the "inventive level".

The technical result of the invention is the possibility of expanding the field of use of the method and device for separating a loose mixture in a fluid medium, which provide a clearer separation of the material to be separated with multi-fractional separation by mass and density, and most importantly, to be able to separate loose mixtures of irregular complex shape, which is especially important during the selection of rural areas cultures

Performing a method of separating a loose mixture in a fluid medium by aerodynamic action at an acute angle of attack by a cascade of flat jets in the mode of gradually increasing sign-changing power scanning with 7/0. Increasing in stages of the amplitude and scanning angle at a constant angle of attack provides a multiple, different directional approach to each part of the separated flow.

The alternating mode of the jets creates conditions for the rotation of each particle around a random axis (the result of the contact of their forces at the transition between the direct and parallel jets), which each time allows to act on the particle from a different side than the previous one. The rotation of particles in space also the sharp angle /5 of attack of the jets to the flow contributes.

Force scanning with simultaneous rotation of particles in space and repeated repetition of these operations is tantamount to replacing a particle of any complex shape with a particle with an almost perfect layered surface, which ultimately ensures the independence of the resulting aerodynamic force from the shape and state of the surface of the separated material.

The implementation of a device for the implementation of a method of separating a loose mixture in a fluid medium, where the nozzles are flat-horizontal and of different calibers, installed sequentially along the flow with variable pitch and acute angle of installation, while the caliber of the nozzles, the pitch and the angle of installation increase from top to bottom, ensures gradual growth effort, amplitude, and scanning angle at a constant angle of attack, in turn, guarantees the independence of the final aerodynamic force from the free-falling speed of the particles of the air flow increasing with time and the continuously changing trajectory of their flight.

Fractions collectors are connected through one to the device for feeding the initial material with the help of a transport device and provide simultaneous selection with ready fractions of intermediate (unprocessed) fractions and their return for re-separation.

The entire set of distinguishing features of the proposed solution ensures high-quality (accurate) multi-fraction separation of a loose mixture, for example, of grain crops, both simple and complex (irregular) in shape, which is especially important in agriculture, when preparing seeds for sowing and for breeding goals. co

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the device for implementing the proposed method. co

Fig. 2 is a section along A-A of Fig. 1 (section of the nozzle).

The device for implementing the proposed method of separating a loose mixture in a fluid medium o c5 consists of a hopper 1 equipped with a device 2 in the form of a vibrating tray for feeding particles with the same speed. A jet generator C is installed under the device 2, which is a closed volume with a set of a number of flat horizontally oriented nozzles 4. The number of the latter depends on the required performance and quality of separation, but cannot be less than three. The caliber of the nozzles y, the acute angle of installation of each nozzle to the vertical and the step 7 between the nozzles increase from top to bottom. The specific value of these parameters is calculated using the appropriate laws of jet technology, aerodynamics 8s and gravity, taking into account the desired performance of the device. Within the action of each jet with a frequency y, there are zones of pressure "--" and rarefaction "-" with the formation of direct and reverse (accompanying) jets. At the same time, "" are distinguished by a constant sharp angle of attack y and a scanning angle p.

The separating device 5, including collectors "a" for direct fractions and collectors "b" for intermediate fractions, is adjacent to the generator C from the side of the nozzles 4. The latter are connected through a transport device 6 of any type to the "g" hopper 1. The system "nozzle 4 - separating device 5" is covered on both sides by side walls 7 to exclude air suction into the space between the nozzles and disruption of generation. The i-th Method is carried out as follows. (oo) Initially, the particles of the material to be separated are fed at the same speed. To carry out this so 50 operation, a vibrating tray 2 is used. Free-falling particles are acted upon at an acute angle in a cascade of flat scanning jets. At the same time, they provide the following mode of action. - As the particles pass through the cascade of jets, the power scanning force increases step by step with a change in direction, the amplitude А y and the scanning angle р increase proportionally. The angle of attack y remains constant at all stages.

After the particles pass through the cascade of jets, the finished fractions are removed. Simultaneously with this, intermediate fractions are selected and returned for re-separation.

The device works like this.

The bulk mixture is loaded into the hopper 1 and with the help of a vibrating tray 2, the particles are fed at the same speed through a cascade of flat jets (marked by dotted line) nozzles 4 into the separating device 5. 60 When air is supplied under pressure P to the generator C, the jets of the nozzles 4, interacting with each other, due to internal feedback, they enter into self-oscillating motion. Oscillations occur in the vertical plane. The frequency Я, the amplitude Аl and the angle D of oscillations depends on the pressure Р and the geometric parameters 4, о and 7. In this case, due to the "short" feedback, the frequency и is the maximum (40-50 Hz) for jet devices of a similar class. Within the range of action of each jet with a frequency of Her there are zones of pressure "-" and rarefaction b5o about 0"- with the formation of direct and reverse (accompanying) jets.

In addition, due to the significant unevenness of the size of the open planes of the extreme jets (upper and lower), the phenomenon of twisting of the entire cascade of jets around a certain conventional center close to the upper nozzle is observed. This ensures the constancy of the angle of attack in and, as a result, the independence of the separation quality from the speed of the separated particles and their flight trajectory.

After separation on the cascade of jets, the particles are lowered into the separating device 5. From the collectors "a" of this device, the direct fractions are self-flowing, and from the collectors "6" with the help of the transport device 6 - intermediate fractions. Intermediate fractions are returned to hopper 1 for processing.

Claims (2)

The formula of the invention 1. The method of separating a loose mixture in a fluid medium, which includes the supply of particles at the same speed, aerodynamic action on them at an angle and the output of finished fractions, which is characterized by the fact that the action on the flow of particles is carried out at an acute angle of attack by a cascade of flat jets in the mode of gradually increasing /5 Variable force scanning with step-by-step increase in amplitude and scanning angle at a constant angle of attack, and the output of finished fractions is carried out simultaneously with the selection and return for repeated separation of intermediate fractions. 2. A device for separating a loose mixture in a fluid medium, which includes a device for creating a uniform flow of initial material in the form of a hopper and a vibrating tray installed at an angle to the air supply nozzle, fraction collectors located under the nozzles, which is characterized by the fact that the nozzles are made flat horizontal and of different calibers, installed sequentially along the stream with a variable pitch and an acute angle of installation, while the caliber of the nozzles, the pitch and the angle of installation increase from top to bottom, and the collectors of fractions are connected through one to the device for feeding the initial material with the help of a transport device. « «- Zo so (ee) IF) « - and? sh» 1 (ee) (ee) - 60 b5