TWI901357B - Closed-loop path detection method for geometric pattern and electronic device - Google Patents

Abstract

A closed-loop path detection method for geometric pattern is provided, which includes detecting a first component and a second component in a computer-aided design image file, defining target points and positions of the target points on the first component and the second component, moving the first component from an initial position toward a first direction during a first operation period, based on determining that the first component touches the second component during the first operation, determining a first minimum gap position, moving the first component from the initial position toward a second direction during a second operation period, based on determining that the first component touches the second component during the second operation, determining a second minimum gap position, and determining dimension paths of the first component and the second component according to the positions of the target points of the first component and the second component, the first minimum gap position and the second minimum gap position.

Description

Closed loop path detection method and electronic device for geometric figures

The present invention relates to a closed-loop path detection method and electronic device for geometric figures, and more particularly to a closed-loop path detection method and electronic device for geometric figures that can be used for dimensional chain analysis.

During product manufacturing and assembly, collisions, gaps, or excessive step differences often occur, resulting in non-standard appearance or the need for additional mold modification costs. Therefore, to avoid these issues, tolerance analysis is required during product manufacturing design to confirm the rationality of tolerance design. Dimension chain analysis is a common tolerance analysis method. Existing dimensional chain analysis methods use 3D application software to create a cross-sectional view of a 3D model, then mark the path on the cross-sectional view. The 3D analysis software is then used to measure the path dimensions, filling in the dimensions and tolerances into the analysis table. However, due to the complex relationship between structure and assembly, it is easy to encounter situations where the target component's analysis starting point cannot be determined. Furthermore, component size or dimension chain misjudgment often occurs, resulting in errors in tolerance analysis results, which in turn reduces manufacturing yield. Therefore, existing technologies are in need of improvement.

To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a closed loop path detection method and electronic device for geometric figures that can be used for dimensional chain analysis to solve the above problems.

The present invention provides a closed loop path detection method for a geometric figure, comprising: obtaining a computer-aided design image file, and detecting a first component and a second component in the computer-aided design image file; defining a target point and a position of the target point on the first component and the second component; during a first operation period, moving the first component from an initial position toward a first direction and detecting whether the first component and the second component are in contact; based on the detection of the first component contacting the second component during the first operation period, determining whether the first component is in contact with the second component; a first minimum gap position; during a second operation period, moving the first component from the initial position toward a second direction and detecting whether the first component and the second component touch each other, wherein the second direction is different from the first direction; determining a second minimum gap position based on detecting that the first component touches the second component during the second operation period; and determining the size path of the first component and the second component based on the positions of the target points on the first component and the second component, the first minimum gap position, and the second minimum gap position.

The present invention further provides an electronic device comprising: a storage device for storing instructions; and a processing circuit configured to execute the instructions, wherein the instructions include: obtaining a computer-aided design image file, and detecting a first component and a second component in the computer-aided design image file; defining a target point and a position of the target point on the first component and the second component; during a first operation period, moving the first component from an initial position toward a first direction and detecting whether the first component and the second component are in contact; based on the detection of the first operation period, The first component contacts the second component, and a first minimum gap position is determined. During a second operation period, the first component is moved from the initial position toward a second direction to detect whether the first component and the second component are in contact, wherein the second direction is different from the first direction. Based on the detection of the first component contacting the second component during the second operation period, a second minimum gap position is determined. The dimensional paths of the first component and the second component are determined based on the positions of the target points on the first component and the second component, the first minimum gap position, and the second minimum gap position.

Certain terms are used throughout this specification and the claims that follow to refer to specific components. A person skilled in the art will understand that manufacturers may use different terms to refer to the same component. This specification and the claims that follow do not distinguish components based on differences in name, but rather on differences in their functionality. Throughout this specification and the claims that follow, the words "include" or "comprising" are open-ended terms and should be interpreted as meaning "including, but not limited to." Furthermore, the term "coupled" is intended to encompass any direct and indirect electrical connection. Therefore, if a first device is described herein as being coupled to a second device, it means that the first device can be directly electrically connected to the second device, or indirectly electrically connected to the second device via other devices or connection means.

The present invention can be applied to the product object design process of computer-aided design. The present invention can provide a method for detecting closed loop paths of adjacent geometric components during the design process. Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of process 1 of one embodiment of the present invention. Process 1 is used to process closed loop paths of adjacent components. Process 1 includes the following steps:

Step S100: Start.

Step S102: Obtain a computer-aided design (CAD) image file, and detect a first component and a second component in the CAD image file.

Step S104: defining a target point and a position of the target point on the first component and the second component.

Step S106: During a first operation period, the first component is moved from an initial position toward a first direction and whether the first component and the second component are in contact is detected.

Step S108: Determining a first minimum gap position based on detecting that the first component contacts the second component during the first operation.

Step S110: During a second operation period, the first component is moved from the initial position toward a second direction and detecting whether the first component and the second component are in contact, wherein the second direction is different from the first direction.

Step S112: determining a second minimum gap position based on detecting that the first component contacts the second component during the second operation period.

Step S114: Determine the size paths of the first component and the second component based on the positions of the target points on the first component and the second component, the first minimum gap position, and the second minimum gap position.

Step S116: End.

According to Process 1, in step S102, embodiments of the present invention may execute computer-aided design (CAD) software on an electronic device. The electronic device may include a computer device equipped with CAD software, wherein the CAD software may be, but is not limited to, AutoCAD, Creo, Python, Pro/Engineer, or SolidWorks. Embodiments of the present invention may generate a CAD image file using the CAD software. Embodiments of the present invention may generate a CAD image file containing at least a first component and a second component using the CAD software. In embodiments of the present invention, a 3D model generated by computer-aided design (CAD) software can be used to create a cross-sectional screenshot of a target section of a CAD image file, obtain a cross-sectional view, and store the result as a 2D CAD image file. For example, a cross-sectional screenshot can be created at a location within a 3D model of a product component where tolerance analysis is desired, to obtain the corresponding cross-sectional view, which can then be stored as a 2D view. For example, the cross-sectional view can be stored in a Drawing Exchange Format (DXF) file format, but this is not a limitation. For example, Creo analysis software can be used to read a computer-aided design image file containing a first component and a second component, and a target cross-section screenshot of the three-dimensional model in the image file can be taken to obtain the cross-section view and save it as a computer-aided design image file in a DXF file format.

In step S102, after obtaining a CAD image file of a two-dimensional cross-sectional view after a target cross-sectional screenshot, embodiments of the present invention can detect a first component 10 and a second component 20 in the CAD image file. In one embodiment, Python software can be used to read and import the CAD image file of the two-dimensional cross-sectional view. For example, the ezdxf library of Python software can be used to read and import the CAD image file of the two-dimensional cross-sectional view in the DXF file format. The Shapely package can then be used to perform geometric operations on the image file to convert the geometric shapes of each component. Next, a first component and a second component can be detected in the CAD image file. As shown in Figure 2, Python software is used to detect the components in the CAD image. The CAD image file includes a first component 10 and a second component 20. Subsequently, through process 1 of this embodiment of the present invention, a closed-loop size path for detecting adjacent first and second components 10, 20 can be provided during the design process.

In step S104, target points and their positions can be defined on the first component 10 and the second component 20 in the computer-aided design image file. In one embodiment, the location where tolerance analysis is to be performed can be set as the target point. For example, the target point can be set at the location where the gap or step difference between the two components is located after assembly. As shown in Figure 2, a target point TP1 is defined on the first component 10, and the position of target point TP1 is Ta. A target point TP2 is defined on the second component 20, and the position of target point TP2 is Tb. The distance between the position Ta of target point TP1 and the position Tb of target point TP2 can be the gap between the first component 10 and the second component 20 after assembly. The distance between the position Ta of the mark point TP1 and the position Tb of the target point TP2 may be preset as a target gap size, and the target gap size may be a gap size within an allowable tolerance range.

In step S106, during a first operation, the first element 10 can be moved from an initial position toward a first direction and contact between the first element 10 and the second element 20 can be detected. During the first operation, before the first element 10 is moved toward the first direction, the positions of each component of the first element 10 when the first element 10 is in the initial position can be recorded, and the positions of each component of the second element 20 when the second element 20 is in the initial position can be recorded. As shown in FIG. 2 , the positions of all components of the first element 10 can be recorded when the first element 10 is in an initial position a0. Next, the first element 10 is moved from the initial position a0 toward a first direction D1, and contact detection is performed to detect contact between the first element 10 and the second element. If, during the movement of the first element 10, a collision is detected between the first element 10 and the second element 20, the collision detection is terminated and the movement gap position of the collision event is determined accordingly. Furthermore, if, during the movement of the first element 10 in the first direction, the movement distance of the first element 10 exceeds a predetermined value (e.g., a target gap size), the collision detection is terminated and it is determined that there was no collision between the first element 10 and the second element 20 during the movement from the initial position toward the first direction.

In one embodiment, touch detection to determine whether a first element 10 and a second element 20 are touching can be performed by detecting whether the two elements include at least one common point. When the first element 10 and the second element 20 are detected to have at least one common point, this indicates that the first element 10 and the second element 20 are touching, and the common point is the touch point. For example, when the first element 10 or the second element 20 moves, the Touches library in the Shapely suite of Python programming software can be used to determine whether the first element 10 and the second element 20 have at least one common point. When the first element 10 and the second element 20 are detected to have at least one common point, this indicates that the first element 10 and the second element 20 are touching, and the common point is the touch point. For example, when the first element 10 or the second element 20 moves, the Touches library in the Shapely suite of Python programming software can be used to determine whether the first element 10 and the second element 20 have at least one common point, and the None library in the Shapely suite can be used to determine whether the first element 10 and the second element 20 are not touching. When it is detected that the first element 10 and the second element 20 have at least one common point, this indicates that the first element 10 and the second element 20 are touching, and the common point is the touching point. In addition, the Intersects library in the Shapely suite of Python programming software can be used to determine whether there is interference between the first element 10 and the second element 20. If there is interference, it means that the two may have internal common points. In this case, in addition to the contact at the boundary points of the first element 10 and the second element 20, there is also interference at the internal common points. When it is determined that there is interference between the first element 10 and the second element 20, this relative position is not calculated into the moving gap position of the touch event.

In step S108, based on the detection of the first element 10 contacting the second element 20 during the first operation period, the embodiment of the present invention can determine a first minimum gap position. When the first element 10 is detected to contact the second element 20 during the first operation period, a first contact point on the first element and the position of the first contact point can be determined. As shown in Figure 3, when the first element 10 contacts the second element 20, a point on the first element 10 (i.e., contact point CP1) contacts the second element 20. When the first element 10 and the second element 20 contact, the position of the contact point CP1 on the first element 10 is b1. For example, when the first element 10 moves, the Touches library in the Shapely package of the Python programming software can be used to determine the common points between the first element 10 and the second element 20. When the common point between the first element 10 and the second element 20 is detected, the contact point CP1 on the first element 10 and the position b1 of the contact point CP1 at this time can be determined.

Furthermore, since the positions of all component points when the first element 10 is at the initial position a0 have been recorded in step S106, the position of the contact point CP1 on the first element 10 when the first element 10 is at the initial position a0 can be determined. As shown in FIG. 4 , when the first element 10 is at the initial position a0, the position of the contact point CP1 on the first element 10 is a1. In this embodiment of the present invention, the position a1 of the contact point CP1 of the first element 10 when the first element 10 is at the initial position a0 and the position b1 of the contact point CP1 of the first element 10 when the first element 10 contacts the second element can be determined as the first minimum gap position. In other words, the first minimum gap position includes positions a1 and b1 related to the first contact point CP1 of the first element 10.

In step S110, during a second operation, the first element 10 can be moved from an initial position toward a second direction to detect whether there is any contact between the first element 10 and the second element 20. As shown in FIG4 , when the first element 10 is at an initial position a0, the first element 10 is moved from the initial position a0 toward a second direction D2 and a contact detection operation is performed to detect whether there is any contact between the first element 10 and the second element 20. If contact is detected between the first element 10 and the second element 20 during the movement of the first element 10, the contact detection operation is terminated, and the position of the movement gap of the contact event is determined accordingly. Furthermore, during the movement of the first element 10 in the second direction D2, if the movement distance of the first element 10 is greater than a predetermined value (e.g., a target gap size), the contact detection is terminated and it is determined that there is no contact between the first element 10 and the second element 20 when the first element moves from the initial position in the second direction.

In step S112, based on the detection of the first element 10 contacting the second element 20 during the second operation period, the embodiment of the present invention can determine a second minimum gap position. When the first element 10 is detected to contact the second element 20 during the second operation period, a second contact point on the first element and the position of the second contact point can be determined. As shown in Figure 5, when the first element 10 contacts the second element 20, a point on the first element 10 (i.e., contact point CP2) contacts the second element 20. When the first element 10 and the second element 20 contact, the position of the contact point CP2 on the first element 10 is b2. For example, when the first element 10 moves, the Touches library in the Shapely package of the Python programming software can be used to determine the common points between the first element 10 and the second element 20. When the common point between the first element 10 and the second element 20 is detected, the contact point CP2 on the first element 10 and the position b2 of the contact point CP1 at that time can be determined accordingly. Since the positions of all component points when the first element 10 is at the initial position a0 have been recorded in step S106, the position of the contact point CP2 on the first element 10 when the first element 10 is at the initial position a0 can be determined. As shown in Figure 6, when the first element 10 is at the initial position a0, the position of the contact point CP2 on the first element 10 is a2. In this embodiment of the present invention, the position a2 of the contact point CP2 of the first element 10 when the first element 10 is at the initial position a0 and the position b2 of the contact point CP2 of the first element 10 when the first element 10 and the second element contact can be determined as the second minimum gap position. That is, the second minimum gap position includes positions a2 and b2 related to the first contact point CP2 of the first element 10.

In step S114, the dimensional paths of the first and second components 10 and 20 are determined based on the positions of the target points, the first minimum gap position, and the second minimum gap position. This embodiment of the present invention calculates the distance between positions a1 and b1 of the first minimum gap position and the distance between positions a2 and b2 of the second minimum gap position. It then determines whether the distance between positions a1 and b1 of the first minimum gap position is the same as the distance between positions a2 and b2 of the second minimum gap position. If the distance between positions a1 and b1 of the first minimum gap position and the distance between positions a2 and b2 of the second minimum gap position are determined to be the same, a shaft-hole fit is determined. The embodiment of the present invention can calculate the position of a central axis based on the positions a1 and b1 of the first minimum gap position and the positions a2 and b2 of the second minimum gap position. As shown in Figure 4, the calculated position of the central axis is a0 (also used to represent the initial position of the first component 10). On the other hand, if the distance between the positions a1 and b1 of the first minimum gap position and the distance between the positions a2 and b2 of the second minimum gap position are determined to be different, it is determined to be a non-axis-hole fit, and the position of the central axis does not need to be calculated. Then, starting from the position Ta of the target point TP1 of the first component 10, all dimensional paths of the first component 10 and the second component 20 are determined. The relevant dimensions of the first component 10 are determined starting from the position Ta of the target point TP1 of the first component 10. As shown in Figure 7, Dimensional Path 1 is determined to be formed from the position Ta of the target point TP1 of the first component 10 to the position a0 of the center axis (the dimensional path is represented by the circled number). Dimensional Path 2 is determined to be formed from the first minimum gap position a1 associated with the shaft-hole assembly and when the first component 10 is in its initial position to the second minimum gap position a2. Dimensional Path 3 is determined to be formed from the first minimum gap position b1 associated with the shaft-hole assembly and when the first component 10 and the second component 20 contact each other to the second minimum gap position b2. Dimensional Path 4 is determined to be formed by determining the center offset of the shaft-hole assembly. It is determined that a dimension path 5 is formed from the position a0 of the central axis to the position Tb of the target point TP2 of the second element 20. In this way, closed loop path detection can be achieved.

Please refer to Figure 8, which is a schematic diagram of the dimension path of the non-axial hole matching situation of adjacent components in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 8, if the computer-aided design image file includes a first component 10 and a second component 20. According to process 1, a target point TP1 is defined on the first component 10, and the position of the target point TP1 is Ta. A target point TP2 is defined on the second component 20, and the position of the target point TP2 is Tb. The distance between the position Ta of the target point TP1 and the position Tb of the target point TP2 can be the gap after the first component 10 and the second component 20 are assembled. The distance between the position Ta of the target point TP1 and the position Tb of the target point TP2 can be preset to a target gap size, and the target gap size can be a gap size within the allowable tolerance range. The first element 10 is moved from an initial position toward a first direction D1 and, when the first element 10 contacts the second element 20, the contact point CP1 on the first element 10 and the position of the contact point CP1 are detected as b1. If no contact event is detected after the first element 10 is moved from the initial position toward a second direction D2 by a distance greater than a predetermined value (e.g., a target gap size), it is determined that there is no contact between the first element 10 and the second element 20 during the movement from the initial position toward the second direction D2. The position a1 of the contact point CP1 of the first element 10 when the first element 10 is in the initial position and the position b1 of the contact point CP1 when the first element 10 and the second element 20 contact are then determined as the first minimum gap position. As shown in Figure 8, it can be determined that dimensional path 1 is formed from the position Ta of the target point TP2 of the first component 10 to the first minimum gap position a1 associated with the initial position of the first component 10 (the dimensional path is represented by the circled number). Dimensional path 2 is determined to be formed from the first minimum gap position a1 associated with the shaft hole assembly and the initial position of the first component 10 to the second minimum gap position a2. Dimensional path 2 is determined to be formed from the first minimum gap position a1 associated with the shaft hole assembly and the contact between the first component 10 and the second component 20 to position b1. Dimensional path 4 is determined to be formed by the center offset of the shaft hole assembly. It is determined that a dimension path 3 is formed from the position b1 to the position Tb of the target point TP2 of the second component 20. In this way, closed-loop path detection can be achieved.

A person skilled in the art may combine, modify or vary the above-described embodiments in accordance with the spirit of the present invention, without limitation. All of the above statements, steps, and/or processes (including recommended steps) may be implemented through hardware, software, firmware (i.e., a combination of a hardware device and computer instructions, where the data in the hardware device is read-only software data), an electronic system, or a combination of the above devices. The hardware may include analog, digital, and hybrid circuits (i.e., microcircuits, microchips, or silicon chips). For example, the hardware may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic element, coupled hardware elements, or a combination of the above hardware. In other embodiments, the hardware may include a general-purpose processor, a microprocessor, a controller, a digital signal processor (DSP), or a combination of the foregoing. The software may be a combination of program codes, instructions, and/or functions stored in a storage device, such as a computer-readable recording medium or a non-transitory computer-readable medium. For example, computer-readable recording media may include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, random-access memory (RAM), subscriber identity module (SIM), hard drive, floppy disk, or optical disc read-only memory (CD-ROM/DVD-ROM/BD-ROM). Embodiments of the present invention may include an electronic device comprising a processing circuit and a storage device. The process steps and embodiments of the present invention may be compiled into program code or instructions and stored in the storage device of the electronic device. The processing circuit of the electronic device can be used to read and execute the program code or instructions stored in the storage device to implement all the aforementioned steps and functions.

In summary, the present invention utilizes moving adjacent components and collision point detection to accurately determine the correct path size for closed-loop path detection, effectively optimizing product design, reducing component manufacturing costs, and providing stable product manufacturing quality. The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the patent application of this invention are intended to be covered by this invention.

1: Process 10: First Component 20: Second Component a0, a1, a2, b1, b2, Ta, Tb: Position CP1, CP2: Contact Point D1, D2: Direction S100, S102, S104, S106, S108, S110, S112, S114, S116: Steps TP1, TP2: Target Point

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a process of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the detection of adjacent geometric elements in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the first element of an embodiment of the present invention moving along the first direction and touching the second element. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the position of the first touch point when the first element of an embodiment of the present invention is in an initial position. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the first element of an embodiment of the present invention moving along the second direction and touching the second element. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the position of the second touch point when the first element of an embodiment of the present invention is in an initial position. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the dimensional path of the first element and the second element of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the dimensional path of the adjacent elements in a non-axial hole matching situation in an embodiment of the present invention.

1: Process

S100, S102, S104, S106, S108, S110, S112, S114, S116: Steps

Claims (8)

A method for detecting a closed loop path of a geometric figure includes: obtaining a computer-aided design (CAD) image file by a processing circuit, and detecting a first component and a second component in the CAD image file; the processing circuit defining a target point and a position of the target point on the first component and the second component; during a first operation period, the processing circuit moves the first component from an initial position toward a first direction and detects whether the first component and the second component are in contact; based on the detection of the first component contacting the second component during the first operation period, the processing circuit determines a first minimum gap position; during a second operation period, the processing circuit moves the first component from the initial position toward a second direction and detects whether the first component and the second component are in contact, wherein the second direction is different from the initial position. in the first direction; based on detecting that the first component touches the second component during the second operation, the processing circuit determines a second minimum gap position, including when detecting that the first component touches the second component during the second operation, the processing circuit determines a second touch point on the first component and a first position of the second touch point; when determining that the first component is in the initial position, the processing circuit determines a second position of the second touch point of the first component; and the processing circuit determines the first position and the second position of the second touch point as the second minimum gap position; the processing circuit determines the size path of the first component and the second component based on the positions of the target points on the first component and the second component, the first minimum gap position, and the second minimum gap position. The closed loop path detection method as described in claim 1, wherein the step of the processing circuit determining the first minimum gap position based on the detection that the first component touches the second component during the first operation includes: when the first component is detected to touch the second component during the first operation, the processing circuit determines a first touch point on the first component and a first position of the first touch point; and when it is determined that the first component is in the initial position, the processing circuit determines a second position of the first touch point of the first component; and the processing circuit determines the first position and the second position of the first touch point as the first minimum gap position. The closed loop path detection method as described in claim 1, wherein the processing circuit determines the size path of the first component and the second component based on the position of the target point on the first component and the second component, the first minimum gap position, and the second minimum gap position, includes: the processing circuit determines the size path formed between the position of the target point of the first component and the related position on the first component based on the position of the target point of the first component; and the processing circuit determines the size path formed between the related position of the first component and the position of the target point of the second component. The closed loop path detection method as described in claim 1 further includes: during the first operation period, when the first component moves a distance greater than a target gap size from the initial position along the first direction, the processing circuit determines that there is no contact between the first component and the second component; and during the second operation period, when the first component moves a distance greater than the target gap size from the initial position along the second direction, the processing circuit determines that there is no contact between the first component and the second component. An electronic device includes: a storage device for storing instructions; and a processing circuit configured to execute the instructions, wherein the instructions include: obtaining a computer-aided design image file and detecting a first component and a second component in the computer-aided design image file; defining a target point and a position of the target point on the first component and the second component; during a first operation period, moving the first component from an initial position toward a first direction and detecting whether the first component and the second component are in contact; based on detecting that the first component is in contact with the second component during the first operation period, determining a first minimum gap position; during a second operation period, moving the first component from the initial position toward a second direction and detecting whether the first component and the second component are in contact Whether there is a collision, wherein the second direction is different from the first direction; based on detecting that the first component touches the second component during the second operation, determining a second minimum gap position, including: when the first component is detected to touch the second component during the second operation, determining a second collision point on the first component and a first position of the second collision point; when it is determined that the first component is in the initial position, determining a second position of the second collision point of the first component; and determining the first position and the second position of the second collision point as the second minimum gap position; determining the size path of the first component and the second component according to the position of the target point on the first component and the second component, the first minimum gap position, and the second minimum gap position. An electronic device as described in claim 5, wherein the instructions include: when the first component is detected to touch the second component during the first operation, determining a first touch point on the first component and a first position of the first touch point; and when it is determined that the first component is in the initial position, determining a second position of the first touch point of the first component; and determining the first position and the second position of the first touch point as the first minimum gap position. An electronic device as described in claim 5, wherein the instruction includes: taking the position of the target point of the first element as the starting point, determining the dimensional path formed between the position of the target point of the first element and the related position on the first element; and determining the dimensional path formed between the related position of the first element and the position of the target point of the second element. An electronic device as described in claim 5, wherein the instructions include: during the first operation period, when the first component moves a distance greater than a target gap size from the initial position along the first direction, determining that there is no contact between the first component and the second component; and during the second operation period, when the first component moves a distance greater than the target gap size from the initial position along the second direction, determining that there is no contact between the first component and the second component.