TWI892037B - Surface treatment agent - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a surface treatment agent, containing: a fluoropolyether group-containing silane compound and a lower fluoroalkyl alcohol; wherein with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fluoropolyether group-containing silane compound, the content of the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is 30 parts by mass or less.

Description

Surface treatment agent

This disclosure relates to surface treatment agents.

It is known that certain silane compounds containing fluoropolyether groups can provide excellent water repellency, oil repellency, and antifouling properties when used for surface treatment of substrates. Layers obtained from surface treatment agents containing silane compounds containing fluoropolyether groups (hereinafter referred to as "surface treatment layers") are applied as so-called functional films to a variety of substrates, such as glass, plastics, fibers, sanitary products, and construction materials (Patent Document 1).

[Prior Art Literature]

[Patent Literature]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-224293

[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-132719

While the fluoropolyether-containing silane compounds described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 can provide surface treatment layers with excellent functionality, there is a need for surface treatment layers with even higher wear resistance.

The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a surface treatment agent that can form a surface treatment layer with higher wear resistance.

This disclosure includes the following aspects.

[1] A surface treatment agent comprising: a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group, and a lower fluoroalkyl alcohol; wherein the content of the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is 30 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group.

[2] The surface treatment agent as described in [1] above, wherein the aforementioned silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group is at least one silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by the following formula (1) or (2),

R ^F1 _α -X ^A -R ^Si _β (1)

R ^Si _γ -X ^A -R ^F2 -X ^A -R ^Si _γ (2) [Where,

R ^F1 is independently Rf ¹ -R ^F -O _q - at each occurrence;

^RF2 is ^{-Rf2p -RF} _{- Oq-} ;

^Rf1, at each occurrence, is independently _C1-16 alkyl which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms;

^Rf2 is a _C1-6 alkylene group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms;

R ^F is independently a divalent fluoropolyether group at each occurrence;

p is 0 or 1;

q is independently 0 or 1 each time it occurs;

R ^Si, at each occurrence, is independently a monovalent group comprising a Si atom bonded to a hydroxyl group, a hydrolyzable group, a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent organic group;

At least one R ^Si is a monovalent group comprising a Si atom bonded to a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

X and ^A are each independently a single bond or a 2- to 10-valent organic group;

α is an integer from 1 to 9;

β is an integer from 1 to 9;

γ is independently an integer from 1 to 9].

[3] The surface treatment agent as described in [2] above, wherein:

Rf ¹ is independently C _1-16 perfluoroalkyl at each occurrence,

^Rf2 is independently, at each occurrence, a _C1-6 perfluoroalkylene group.

[4] The surface treatment agent as described in [2] or [3] above, wherein:

R ^F is independently represented at each occurrence by the following radical,

-(OC ₆ F ₁₂ ) _a -(OC ₅ F ₁₀ ) _b -(OC ₄ F ₈ ) _c -(OC ₃ R ^Fa ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e -(OCF ₂ ) _f - [wherein, R ^Fa is independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom at each occurrence,

a, b, c, d, e, and f are each independently an integer from 0 to 200, and the sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is 1 or greater. The order of the repeating units labeled a, b, c, d, e, or f and enclosed in parentheses in the formula is arbitrary; however, when all R ^Fa are hydrogen atoms or chlorine atoms, at least one of a, b, c, e, and f is 1 or greater.

[5] The surface treatment agent as described in [4] above, wherein R ^Fa is a fluorine atom.

[6] The surface treatment agent as described in [2] or [3] above, wherein:

^RF is independently represented by the following formula (f1), (f2), (f3), (f4), (f5) or (f6) at each occurrence,

-(OC ₃ F ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e - (f1) [wherein d is an integer from 1 to 200, and e is 0 or 1];

-(OC ₄ F ₈ ) _c -(OC ₃ F ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e -(OCF ₂ ) _f - (f2) [wherein c and d are each independently an integer from 0 to 30;

e and f are each independently an integer between 1 and 200;

The sum of c, d, e, and f is an integer between 10 and 200;

The order of the repeated units marked with subscripts c, d, e or f and enclosed in brackets is arbitrary in the formula].

-(R ⁶ -R ⁷ ) _g - (f3)〔wherein, R ⁶ is OCF ₂ or OC ₂ F ₄ ;

R ⁷ is a group selected from OC ₂ F ₄ , OC ₃ F ₆ , OC ₄ F ₈ , OC ₅ F ₁₀ and OC ₆ F ₁₂ , or a combination of two or three groups selected from these groups;

g is an integer between 2 and 100].

-(R ⁶ -R ⁷ ) _g -R ^r -(R ^7' -R ^6' ) _g' - (f4)〔wherein, R ⁶ is OCF ₂ or OC ₂ F ₄ ;

R ⁷ is a group selected from OC ₂ F ₄ , OC ₃ F ₆ , OC ₄ F ₈ , OC ₅ F ₁₀ and OC ₆ F ₁₂ , or a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups;

R ^6′ is OCF ₂ or OC ₂ F ₄ ;

R ^7′ is a group selected from OC ₂ F ₄ , OC ₃ F ₆ , OC ₄ F ₈ , OC ₅ F ₁₀ and OC ₆ F ₁₂ , or a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups;

g is an integer between 2 and 100;

g’ is an integer between 2 and 100;

R ^r is

Where * represents the bond position].

-(OC ₆ F ₁₂ ) _a -(OC ₅ F ₁₀ ) _b -(OC ₄ F ₈ ) _c -(OC ₃ F ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e -(OCF ₂ ) _f - (f5) [wherein, e is an integer from 1 to 200, and a, b, c, d, and f are each independently an integer from 0 to 200; and the order of the repetitive units enclosed in parentheses and labeled a, b, c, d, e, or f in the formula is arbitrary].

-(OC ₆ F ₁₂ ) _a -(OC ₅ F ₁₀ ) _b -(OC ₄ F ₈ ) _c -(OC ₃ F ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e -(OCF ₂ ) _f - (f6) [wherein, f is an integer from 1 to 200, and a, b, c, d, and e are each independently an integer from 0 to 200; and the order of the repeating units enclosed in parentheses and labeled a, b, c, d, e, or f in the formula is arbitrary].

[7] A surface treatment agent as described in any one of [2] to [6] above, wherein:

R ^Si is a group represented by the following formula (S1), (S2), (S3), (S4) or (S5),

-SiR ¹¹ _n1 R ¹² _3-n1 (S2)

-SiR ^a1 _k1 R ^b1 _l1 R ^c1 _m1 (S3)

-CR ^d1 _k2 R ^e1 _l2 R ^f1 _m2 (S4)

-NR ^g1 R ^h1 (S5) 〔wherein,

R ¹¹ , at each occurrence, is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R ¹² , at each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group;

n1 is an integer from 0 to 3 independently in each (SiR ¹¹ _n1 R ¹² _3-n1 ) unit;

^X11, at each occurrence, independently represents a single bond or a divalent organic group;

R ¹³ , at each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group;

t is an integer greater than 2 each time it appears;

R ¹⁴ , at each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or -X ¹¹ -SiR ¹¹ _n1 R ¹² _3-n1 ;

R ¹⁵ , at each occurrence, is independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;

R ^a1 is independently -Z ¹ -SiR ²¹ _p1 R ²² _q1 R ²³ _r1 at each occurrence;

^Z1, at each occurrence, is independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group;

R ²¹ , at each occurrence, independently represents -Z ^1' -SiR ^21' _p1' R ^22' _q1' R ^23' _r1' ;

^R22, at each occurrence, is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

^R23, at each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group;

p1 is an integer between 0 and 3 each time it appears;

q1 is an integer from 0 to 3 each time it appears;

r1 is an integer from 0 to 3 each time it appears;

In the SiR ²¹ _p1 R ²² _q1 R ²³ _r1 unit, the total of p1, q1 and r1 is 3;

Z ^1' is independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group at each occurrence;

R ^21′, at each occurrence, independently represents -Z ^1″ -SiR ^22″ _q1″ R ^23″ _r1″ ;

R ^22' at each occurrence is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R ^23' is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group at each occurrence;

p1’ is an integer between 0 and 3 each time it appears;

q1’ is an integer from 0 to 3 each time it appears;

r1’ is an integer between 0 and 3 each time it appears;

In the SiR ^21′ _p1′ R ^22′ _q1′ R ^23′ _r1′ unit, the total of p1′, q1′ and r1′ is 3;

Z ^1" is independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group at each occurrence;

R ^22″ is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group at each occurrence;

R ^23″ is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group at each occurrence;

"q1" is an integer from 0 to 3 each time it appears;

"r1" is an integer from 0 to 3 each time it appears;

In the SiR ^22” _q1” R ^23” _r1” unit, the sum of q1” and r1” is 3;

R ^b1 , at each occurrence, is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R ^c1, at each occurrence, independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group;

k1 is an integer between 0 and 3 each time it appears;

l1 is an integer from 0 to 3 each time it appears;

m1 is an integer from 0 to 3 each time it appears;

In the unit SiR ^a1 _k1 R ^b1 _l1 R ^c1 _m1 , the sum of k1, l1, and m1 is 3;

R ^d1 is independently -Z ² -CR ³¹ _p2 R ³² _q2 R ³³ _r2 at each occurrence;

^Z2, at each occurrence, is independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group;

R ³¹ is independently at each occurrence -Z ^2' -CR ^32' _q2' R ^33' _r2' ;

R ³² is independently at each occurrence -Z ³ -SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 ;

R ³³ , at each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group;

p2 is an integer between 0 and 3 each time it appears;

q2 is an integer from 0 to 3 independently each time it appears;

r2 is an integer between 0 and 3 each time it appears;

In the SiR ³¹ _p2 R ³² _q2 R ³³ _r2 unit, the total of p2, q2 and r2 is 3;

Z ^2' is independently a single bond, an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group at each occurrence;

R ^32′ is independently at each occurrence -Z ³ -SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 ;

R ^33' , at each occurrence, independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group;

q2’ is an integer between 0 and 3 each time it appears;

r2’ is an integer between 0 and 3 each time it appears;

In the SiR ^32' _q2' R ^33' _r2' unit, the sum of q2' and r2' is 3;

Z ^3, at each occurrence, is independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group;

R ³⁴ , at each occurrence, is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

R ³⁵ , at each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group;

n2 is an integer between 0 and 3 each time it appears;

Each occurrence of R ^e1 is independently -Z ³ -SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 ;

R ^f1 , at each occurrence, independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group;

k2 is an integer between 0 and 3 each time it appears;

l2 is an integer from 0 to 3 each time it appears;

m2 is an integer from 0 to 3 each time it appears;

In the unit CR ^d1 _k2 R ^e1 _l2 R ^f1 _m2 , the sum of k2, l2, and m2 is 3;

R ^g1 and R ^h1, at each occurrence, independently represent -Z ⁴ -SiR ¹¹ _n1 R ¹² _3-n1 , -Z ⁴ -SiR ^a1 _k1 R ^b1 _l1 R ^c1 _m1 , -Z ⁴ -CR ^d1 _k2 R ^e1 _l2 R ^f1 _m2 ;

Z ^4, at each occurrence, is independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group;

However, in formulas (S1), (S2), (S3), (S4), and (S5), there is at least one Si atom bonded to a "hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group."

[8] The surface treatment agent as described in any one of [2] to [7] above, wherein α , β and γ are 1.

[9] The surface treatment agent as described in [7] or [8] above, wherein R ^Si is the formula (S3), (S4) or (S5).

[10] The surface treatment agent as described in any one of [7] to [9] above, wherein R ^Si is represented by the formula (S3).

[11] The surface treatment agent as described in [7] above, comprising: R ^Si is a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group of formula (S1), and R ^Si is a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group of formula (S3), (S4) or (S5).

[12] The surface treatment agent as described in [7] above, comprising: R ^Si is a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group of formula (S1), and R ^Si is a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group of formula (S3).

[13] The surface treatment agent as described in [7] above, comprising: R ^Si is a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group of formula (S1), and R ^Si is a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group of formula (S4).

[14] The surface treatment agent as described in any one of [1] to [13] above, wherein the content of the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is 0.1 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group.

[15] The surface treatment agent as described in any one of [1] to [14] above, wherein the content of the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is 3.0 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group.

[16] The surface treatment agent as described in any one of [1] to [15] above, wherein the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is a fluoroalkyl alcohol having a pKa of 15.0 or less.

[17] The surface treatment agent as described in any one of [1] to [16] above, wherein the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is a fluoroalkyl alcohol having a pKa of 5.0 to 15.0.

[18] The surface treatment agent as described in any one of [1] to [17] above, wherein the aforementioned lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is a fluoroalkyl alcohol represented by the following formula,

CRf ⁴ _n4 H _3-n4 -OH〔wherein,

Rf ⁴ is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms,

n4 is an integer from 1 to 3].

[19] The surface treatment agent as described in any one of [1] to [18] above, wherein the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is a fluoroalkyl alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[20] The surface treatment agent as described in any one of [1] to [19] above, wherein the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is hexafluoropropanol or hexafluoroisopropanol.

[21] The surface treatment agent as described in any one of [1] to [20] above, further comprising: one or more other ingredients selected from fluorinated oil, silicone oil and catalyst.

[22] The surface treatment agent as described in any one of [1] to [21] above, further comprising: a solvent.

[23] A surface treatment agent as described in any one of [1] to [22] above, which is used as an antifouling coating or a waterproof coating.

[24] A particle containing: a surface treatment agent as described in any one of claims 1 to 23.

[25] An article comprising: a substrate; and a layer formed on the substrate by the surface treatment agent described in any one of [1] to [23] above.

[26] The article as described in [25] above, wherein the substrate is a glass substrate.

[27] The article as described in [25] above, which is an optical component.

According to the present disclosure, a surface treatment agent can be provided that can impart a surface treatment layer with higher wear resistance.

As used in this specification, the term "monovalent organic group" refers to a monovalent group containing carbon. The monovalent organic group is not particularly limited and may be a alkyl group or a derivative thereof. The term "alkyl group derivative" refers to a group having one or more N, O, S, Si, amide, sulfonyl, siloxane, carbonyl, carbonyloxy, etc. at the end of the alkyl group or in the molecular chain. In addition, when simply represented as an "organic group", it means a monovalent organic group. In addition, the term "divalent to decavalent organic group" refers to a divalent to decavalent group containing carbon. The divalent to decavalent organic group is not particularly limited and may include divalent to decavalent groups formed by removing 1 to 9 hydrogen atoms from an organic group. For example, the divalent organic group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a divalent group formed by removing a hydrogen atom from an organic group.

As used herein, the term "alkyl" refers to a group consisting of carbon and hydrogen, wherein one hydrogen atom is removed from the alkyl group. Such alkyl groups are not particularly limited and may be C _1-20 alkyl groups substituted with one or more substituents, such as aliphatic alkyl groups and aromatic alkyl groups. These "aliphatic alkyl groups" may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and may be saturated or unsaturated. Furthermore, alkyl groups may contain one or more ring structures.

As used herein, the substituents of "alkyl" are not particularly limited and include, for example, a halogen atom; one or more groups selected from _C1-6 alkyl, _C2-6 alkenyl, _C2-6 alkynyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, _C3-10 unsaturated cycloalkyl, _5-10 membered heterocyclic group, 5-10 membered unsaturated heterocyclic group, _C6-10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl groups which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms.

As used herein, the term "hydrolyzable group" refers to a group that is susceptible to hydrolysis, that is, a group that can be separated from the main structure _of a compound by hydrolysis. Examples of hydrolyzable groups include ^-ORj , ^-OCORj , -ON= ^CRj2 , _-NRj2 , ^-NHRj , ^-NCO , and halogen (where ^Rj in this formula represents a substituted or unsubstituted _C1-4 alkyl group).

The surface treatment agent disclosed herein comprises a "silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group" and a "lower fluoroalkyl alcohol".

The surface treatment agent disclosed herein contains, in addition to a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group, a lower fluoroalkyl alcohol, thereby providing a surface treatment layer with enhanced abrasion resistance.

(Silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group)

The fluoropolyether group-containing silane compound is a compound containing fluorine and capable of forming a surface treatment layer having antifouling properties.

In one embodiment, the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group is at least one silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by the following formula (1) or (2),

R ^F1 _α -X ^A -R ^Si _β (1)

R ^Si _γ -X ^A -R ^F2 -X ^A -R ^Si _γ (2) [Where,

R ^F1 is independently Rf ¹ -R ^F -O _q - at each occurrence;

^RF2 is ^{-Rf2p -RF} _{- Oq-} ;

^Rf1, at each occurrence, is independently _C1-16 alkyl which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms;

^Rf2 is a _C1-6 alkylene group which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms;

R ^F is independently a divalent fluoropolyether group at each occurrence;

p is 0 or 1;

q is independently 0 or 1 each time it occurs;

R ^Si, at each occurrence, is independently a monovalent group comprising a Si atom bonded to a hydroxyl group, a hydrolyzable group, a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent organic group;

At least one R ^Si is a monovalent group, which includes a Si atom bonded to a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group;

X and ^A are each independently a single bond or a 2- to 10-valent organic group;

α is an integer from 1 to 9;

β is an integer from 1 to 9;

γ is an integer from 1 to 9 independently].

In the above formula (1), each occurrence of ^RF1 is independently ^Rf1 - ^RF - _Oq- .

In the above formula (2), ^RF2 is ^-Rf2p _- ^RF - _Oq- .

In the above formula, each occurrence of ^Rf1 is independently a _C1-16 alkyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms.

In the aforementioned C _1-16 alkyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, the "C _1-16 alkyl group" may be a linear or branched chain, preferably a linear or branched chain C _1-6 alkyl group (especially a C _1-3 alkyl group), more preferably a linear chain C _1-6 alkyl group (especially a C _1-3 alkyl group).

The aforementioned ^Rf1 is preferably a _C1-16 alkyl group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, more preferably _{a CF2HC1-15perfluoroalkylene group} , and even more preferably a _{C1-16perfluoroalkyl} group.

The aforementioned C _1-16 perfluoroalkyl group may be linear or branched, preferably a linear or branched C _1-6 perfluoroalkyl group (especially a C _1-3 perfluoroalkyl group), more preferably a linear C _1-6 perfluoroalkyl group (especially a C _1-3 perfluoroalkyl group), specifically -CF ₃ , -CF ₂ CF ₃ , or -CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₃ .

In the above formula, Rf ² is a C _1-6 alkylene group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms.

In the aforementioned C _1-6 alkylene groups which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, the "C _1-6 alkylene group" may be a linear or branched chain, preferably a linear or branched chain C _1-3 alkylene group, more preferably a linear chain C _1-3 alkylene group.

The above-mentioned ^Rf2 is preferably a _C1-6 alkylene group which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, more preferably a _C1-6 perfluoroalkylene group, and even more preferably a _C1-3 perfluoroalkylene group.

The C _1-6 perfluoroalkylene group may be linear or branched, preferably a linear or branched C _1-3 perfluoroalkylene group, more preferably a linear C _1-3 perfluoroalkylene group, specifically -CF ₂ -, -CF ₂ CF ₂ -, or -CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ -.

In the above formula, p is 0 or 1. In one embodiment, p is 0. In another embodiment, p is 1.

In the above formula, q is independently 0 or 1 at each occurrence. In one embodiment, q is 0. In another embodiment, q is 1.

In the above formulae (1) and (2), each occurrence of ^RF is independently a divalent fluoropolyether group.

^RF preferably contains a group represented by the following formula:

-(OC _h1 R ^Fa _2h1 ) _h3 -(OC _h2 R ^Fa _2h2-2 ) _h4 -〔wherein,

R ^Fa is independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom at each occurrence,

h1 is an integer from 1 to 6.

h2 is an integer from 4 to 8.

h3 is an integer greater than 0.

h4 is an integer greater than 0.

However, the sum of h3 and h4 is 1 or greater, preferably 2 or greater, and more preferably 5 or greater. The order of the repeated units enclosed in parentheses and labeled h3 and h4 in the formula is arbitrary.

In one embodiment, ^RF can be a straight chain or a branched chain. ^RF is preferably a group represented by the following formula:

-(OC ₆ F ₁₂ ) _a -(OC ₅ F ₁₀ ) _b -(OC ₄ F ₈ ) _c -(OC ₃ R ^Fa ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e -(OCF ₂ ) _f -[where,

R ^Fa is independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom;

a, b, c, d, e, and f are each independently an integer from 0 to 200, and the sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is 1 or greater; the order of the repeating units labeled a, b, c, d, e, or f and enclosed in parentheses in the formula is arbitrary; however, when all R ^Fa are hydrogen atoms or chlorine atoms, at least one of a, b, c, e, and f is 1 or greater.

^RFa is preferably a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, more preferably a fluorine atom. However, when all ^RFa are hydrogen atoms or chlorine atoms, at least one of a, b, c, e, and f is 1 or greater.

a, b, c, d, e, and f are preferably integers between 0 and 100, respectively and independently.

The sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more, for example, 15 or more or 20 or more. The sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is preferably 200 or less, more preferably 100 or less, and even more preferably 60 or less, for example, 50 or less or 30 or less.

These repeating units can be in the form of _straight chains or branched chains. For _example , _{- ( OC6F12} )- can _be -( _{OCF2CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2} )-, -(OCF( _{CF3 ) CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2CF2} )-, -( _{OCF2CF ( CF3} )CF2CF2CF2CF2 ₎ -, -(OCF2CF2CF( _CF3 ) _CF2CF2CF2 )-, -( _OCF2CF2CF ( _CF3 ) _CF2CF2CF2 )-, -( _{OCF2CF2CF2CF2CF ( CF3 ) CF2CF2} )-, -( _{OCF2CF2CF2CF2CF ( CF3 ) CF2} )- _, - ₍ OCF2CF2CF2CF2CF( _CF3 )CF2 ₎ -, etc. -(OC ₅ F ₁₀ )- can be -(OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ )-, -(OCF(CF ₃ )CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ )-, -(OCF ₂ CF(CF ₃ )CF ₂ CF ₂ )-, -(OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF(CF ₃ )CF ₂ )-, -(OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF(CF ₃ ))-etc. -(OC ₄ F ₈ )-can be -(OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ )-, -(OCF(CF ₃ )CF ₂ CF ₂ )-, -(OCF ₂ CF(CF ₃ )CF ₂ )-, -(OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF(CF ₃ ))-, -(OC(CF ₃ ) ₂ CF ₂ )-, -(OCF ₂ C(CF ₃ ) ₂ )-, -(OCF(CF ₃ )CF(CF ₃ ))-, -(OCF(C ₂ F ₅ )CF ₂ )-, and -(OCF ₂ CF(C ₂ F ₅ ))-. -( _OC3F6 )- (i.e., ^RFa in the above formula is a fluorine atom) can be any of -( _OCF2CF2CF2 )-, - ₍ OCF( _CF3 ) _CF2 )-, and -( _OCF2CF ( _{CF3 )} )-. _{- ( OC2F4} )- can be any of -( _{OCF2CF2 )} - and -(OCF( _CF3 ))-.

In one embodiment, the repeating units are arranged in a linear chain. By arranging the repeating units in a linear chain, the surface smoothness and wear resistance of the surface treatment layer can be improved.

In one embodiment, the repeating units are in a branched chain shape. By configuring the repeating units in a branched chain shape, the dynamic friction coefficient of the surface treatment layer can be increased.

In one aspect, ^RF may comprise a ring structure.

The above-mentioned ring structure can be a three-membered ring, a four-membered ring, a five-membered ring, or a six-membered ring.

[Where * indicates the bond position].

The above-mentioned ring structure is preferably a four-membered ring, a five-membered ring, or a six-membered ring, and more preferably a four-membered ring or a six-membered ring.

The repeating unit having a ring structure may preferably be the following unit.

[Where * indicates the bond position].

In one embodiment, ^RF is independently represented at each occurrence by any one of the following formulae (f1) to (f6),

-(OC ₃ F ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e - (f1) [wherein d is an integer from 1 to 200, and e is 0 or 1];

-(OC ₄ F ₈ ) _c -(OC ₃ F ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e -(OCF ₂ ) _f - (f2) [wherein, c and d are each independently an integer from 0 to 30, and e and f are each independently an integer from 1 to 200.]

The sum of c, d, e, and f is greater than 2.

The order of the repeated units marked with subscripts c, d, e or f and enclosed in brackets is arbitrary in the formula].

-(R ⁶ -R ⁷ ) _g - (f3) [wherein, R ⁶ is OCF ₂ or OC ₂ F ₄ ;

R ⁷ is a group selected from OC ₂ F ₄ , OC ₃ F ₆ , OC ₄ F ₈ , OC ₅ F ₁₀ and OC ₆ F ₁₂ , or a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups;

g is an integer between 2 and 100].

-(R ⁶ -R ⁷ ) _g -R ^r -(R ^7' -R ^6' ) _g' - (f4)〔wherein, R ⁶ is OCF ₂ or OC ₂ F ₄ ;

R ⁷ is a group selected from OC ₂ F ₄ , OC ₃ F ₆ , OC ₄ F ₈ , OC ₅ F ₁₀ and OC ₆ F ₁₂ , or a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups;

R ^6′ is OCF ₂ or OC ₂ F ₄ ;

R ^7′ is a group selected from OC ₂ F ₄ , OC ₃ F ₆ , OC ₄ F ₈ , OC ₅ F ₁₀ and OC ₆ F ₁₂ , or a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups;

g is an integer between 2 and 100.

g’ is an integer between 2 and 100.

R ^r is

Where * represents the bond position].

-(OC ₆ F ₁₂ ) _a -(OC ₅ F ₁₀ ) _b -(OC ₄ F ₈ ) _c -(OC ₃ F ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e -(OCF ₂ ) _f - (f5) [wherein, e is an integer from 1 to 200, a, b, c, d, and f are each independently an integer from 0 to 200, and the order of the repetitive units enclosed in parentheses and labeled a, b, c, d, e, or f in the formula is arbitrary].

-(OC ₆ F ₁₂ ) _a -(OC ₅ F ₁₀ ) _b -(OC ₄ F ₈ ) _c -(OC ₃ F ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e -(OCF ₂ ) _f - (f6) [wherein, f is an integer from 1 to 200, a, b, c, d, and e are each independently an integer from 0 to 200, and the order of the repeating units denoted by a, b, c, d, e, or f and enclosed in parentheses in the formula is arbitrary].

In the above formula (f1), d is preferably 5 to 200, more preferably 10 to 100, and even more preferably 15 to 50, for example, an integer of 25 to 35. In one embodiment, e is 1. In another embodiment, e is 0. In the above formula (f1), - _{( OC3F6} ) _d- is preferably a group represented by _- ( _OCF2CF2CF2 ) _d- or -(OCF( _CF3 ) _CF2 ) _{d- ,} and more preferably a group represented _by -( _OCF2CF2CF2 ) _{d- .}

In formula (f2), e and f are each independently preferably an integer of 5 to 200, more preferably an integer of 10 to 200. Furthermore, the sum of c, d, e, and f is preferably 5 or greater, more preferably 10 or greater, for example, 15 or greater _or 20 or greater. In _one embodiment, formula ( _f2 ) is preferably a group represented by -( _{OCF2CF2CF2CF2} ) _c- ( _OCF2CF2CF2 ) _{d- ( OCF2CF2 ) e-} ( _{OCF2 ) f-} . In another embodiment, formula (f2) may be a group represented by - _{( OC2F4} ) _e- ( _OCF2 ) _f- .

In the above formula (f3), ^R6 is preferably _OC2F4 . In the above formula (f3 ₎ , ^R7 is preferably a group selected from _OC2F4 , _OC3F6 and _OC4F8 , or a combination of two or _three groups independently selected from these groups, _{and more} preferably a group selected from _{OC3F6 and OC4F8 . The combination of two or three groups independently selected from OC2F4 , OC3F6 , and OC4F8 is not particularly limited , and examples thereof include : -OC2F4OC3F6- , -OC2F4OC4F8- , -OC3F6OC2F4- , -OC3F6OC3F6- , -OC3F6OC4F8- , -OC4F8OC4F8- , -OC4F8OC3F6- , -OC4F8OC2F4- , -OC2F4OC2F4OC3F6- , -OC2F4OC2F4OC4F8- , -OC2F4OC3F6OC2F4 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​} -, -OC ₂ F ₄ OC ₃ F ₆ OC ₃ F ₆ -, -OC ₂ F ₄ OC ₄ F ₈ OC ₂ F ₄ -, -OC ₃ F 6 OC ₂ F ₄ OC 2 F ₄ -, -OC ₃ F ₆ OC ₂ F ₄ OC ₃ F ₆ -, -OC ₃ F ₆ OC ₃ F ₆ OC ₂ F ₄ -, and -OC _{4 F 8} OC ₂ F ₄ OC ₂ F _{4 -} . In the above formula (f3), g is preferably an integer of 3 or greater, more preferably an integer of 5 or greater. The above g is preferably an integer of 50 or less. In formula (f3), _OC2F4 , _{OC3F6 , OC4F8} , _{OC5F10 ,} and _OC6F12 may be direct chains or branched chains _, preferably direct chains. In this embodiment, formula (f3) is preferably - _{( OC2F4 -OC3F6 ) g- or - ( OC2F4} - _OC4F8 ) _{g- .}

In the above formula (f4), R ⁶ , R ⁷ and g have the same meanings and the same configurations as those described in the above formula (f3). R ^{6 '} , R ^{7 '} and g' have the same meanings and the same configurations as those described in the above formula (f3). ^{R r} is preferably

[Where * indicates the key position], the better

[Where * indicates the bond position].

In the above formula (f5), e is preferably an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 100, and more preferably an integer greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 100. The sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is preferably greater than or equal to 5, and more preferably greater than or equal to 10, for example, greater than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 100.

In the above formula (f6), f is preferably an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 100, and more preferably an integer greater than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 100. The sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is preferably greater than or equal to 5, and more preferably greater than or equal to 10, for example, greater than or equal to 100 and less than or equal to 100.

In one embodiment, the above-mentioned ^RF is a group represented by the above-mentioned formula (f1).

In one embodiment, the above-mentioned ^RF is a group represented by the above-mentioned formula (f2).

In one embodiment, the above-mentioned ^RF is a group represented by the above-mentioned formula (f3) or (f4).

In one embodiment, the above-mentioned ^RF is a group represented by the above-mentioned formula (f3).

In one embodiment, the above-mentioned ^RF is a group represented by the above-mentioned formula (f4).

In one embodiment, the above-mentioned ^RF is a group represented by the above-mentioned formula (f5).

In one embodiment, the above-mentioned ^RF is a group represented by the above-mentioned formula (f6).

In the above ^RF , the ratio of e to f (hereinafter referred to as the "e/f ratio") is 0.1 to 10, preferably 0.2 to 5, more preferably 0.2 to 2, even more preferably 0.2 to 1.5, and even more preferably 0.2 to 0.85. By setting the e/f ratio to 10 or less, the smoothness, abrasion resistance, and chemical resistance (e.g., durability to artificial sweat) of the surface treatment layer obtained from the compound are further improved. The smaller the e/f ratio, the greater the improvement in the smoothness and abrasion resistance of the surface treatment layer. On the other hand, by setting the e/f ratio to 0.1 or greater, the stability of the compound can be further improved. The greater the e/f ratio, the greater the improvement in the stability of the compound.

The number average molecular weight of the ^RF1 and ^RF2 moieties in the fluoropolyether-containing silane compound is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 500 to 30,000, preferably 1,500 to 30,000, and more preferably 2,000 to 10,000. In this specification, the number average molecular weight of ^RF1 and ^RF2 is the value measured by ¹⁹ F-NMR.

In another aspect, the number-average molecular weight of the ^RF1 and ^RF2 moieties is 500 to 30,000, preferably 1,000 to 20,000, more preferably 2,000 to 15,000, and even more preferably 2,000 to 10,000, for example, 3,000 to 6,000.

In another aspect, the number-average molecular weight of the ^RF1 and ^RF2 moieties is 4,000 to 30,000, preferably 5,000 to 10,000, and more preferably 6,000 to 10,000.

In the above formulas (1) and (2), R ^Si is independently a monovalent group at each occurrence, which includes a Si atom bonded to a hydroxyl group, a hydrolyzable group, a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent organic group; and at least one R ^Si is a monovalent group, which includes a Si atom bonded to a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

Here, the term "hydrolyzable group" refers to a group that is susceptible to hydrolysis, that is, a group that can be separated from the main structure of the compound by hydrolysis. Examples of hydrolyzable groups include ^-ORj , ^-OCORj , _{-ON =} ^CRj2 , ^-NRj2 , ^-NHRj , -NCO, halogen (in this formula, ^Rj represents a substituted or unsubstituted _C1-4 alkyl group), etc.

In a preferred embodiment, R ^Si is a monovalent group comprising a Si atom bonded with a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

In a preferred embodiment, R ^Si is a group represented by the following formula (S1), (S2), (S3) or (S4).

-SiR ¹¹ _n1 R ¹² _3-n1 (S2)

-SiR ^a1 _k1 R ^b1 _l1 R ^c1 _m1 (S3)

-CR ^d1 _k2 R ^e1 _l2 R ^f1 _m2 (S4)

-NR ^g1 R ^h1 (S5)

In the above formula, each occurrence of R ¹¹ is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

Preferably, each occurrence of R ¹¹ is independently a hydrolyzable group.

R ¹¹ preferably represents, at each occurrence, independently -OR ^j , -OCOR ^j , -ON=CR ^j ₂ , -NR ^j ₂ , -NHR ^j , -NCO, or a halogen (in this formula, R ^j represents a substituted or unsubstituted C _1-4 alkyl group), more preferably -OR ^j (i.e., an alkoxy group). R ^j includes, for example, unsubstituted alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and isobutyl; and substituted alkyl groups such as chloromethyl. Among these, alkyl groups are preferred, with unsubstituted alkyl groups being particularly preferred, and methyl or ethyl being more preferred. In one embodiment, R ^j is methyl, and in another embodiment, R ^j is ethyl.

In the above formula, R ¹² is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group at each occurrence. The monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the above-mentioned hydrolyzable group.

In R ¹² , the monovalent organic group is preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group, more preferably a C _1-6 alkyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

In the above formula, n1 is an integer from 0 to 3 in each (SiR ¹¹ _n1 R ¹² _3-n1 ) unit. However, when R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S1) or (S2), there is at least one (SiR ^{11 n1} R 12 3-n1 ) unit in which n1 is 1 to 3 in the terminal R ^Si portion of formula (1) and formula (2) (hereinafter referred to as the "terminal portion" of _{formula (} ¹ ) _{and formula (2} )). That is, in the terminal portion, all n1s are not simultaneously 0. In other words, in the terminal portion of formula (1) and formula (2), there is at least one Si atom bonded to a "hydroxyl group or hydrolyzable group."

In each (SiR ¹¹ _n1 R ¹² _3-n1 ) unit, n1 is independently preferably an integer from 1 to 3, more preferably from 2 to 3, and even more preferably 3.

In the above formula, X ^<11> , at each occurrence, independently represents a single bond or a divalent organic group. The divalent organic group is preferably -R ^<28> -O _<x> -R ^<29> - (wherein, R ^<28> and R ^<29> , at each occurrence, independently represent a single bond or a C _<1-20> alkylene group, and x is 0 or 1). The C _<1-20> alkylene group may be a straight chain or a branched chain, preferably a straight chain. The C _<1-20> alkylene group is preferably a C _<1-10> alkylene group, more preferably a C _<1-6> alkylene group, and even more preferably a C _<1-3> alkylene group.

In one aspect, each occurrence of X ¹¹ is independently -C _1-6 alkylene-OC _1-6 alkylene- or -OC _1-6 alkylene-.

In a preferred embodiment, each occurrence of X ¹¹ is independently a single bond or a straight chain C _1-6 alkylene group, more preferably a single bond or a straight chain C _1-3 alkylene group, more preferably a single bond or a straight chain C _1-2 alkylene group, and even more preferably a straight chain C _1-2 alkylene group.

In the above formula, each occurrence of R ¹³ is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. The monovalent organic group is preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group. The C _1-20 alkyl group may be a straight chain or a branched chain, but is preferably a straight chain.

In a preferred embodiment, R ¹³ is independently each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a linear C _1-6 alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a linear C _1-3 alkyl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

In the above formula, t is an integer greater than 2 each time it appears.

In a preferred embodiment, t is independently an integer between 2 and 10 at each occurrence, and more preferably an integer between 2 and 6.

In the above formula, R ¹⁴ is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or -X ¹¹ -SiR ¹¹ _n1 R ¹² _3-n1 at each occurrence. The halogen atom is preferably an iodine atom, a chlorine atom, or a fluorine atom, more preferably a fluorine atom. In a preferred embodiment, R ¹⁴ is a hydrogen atom.

In the above formula, R ¹⁵ is independently, at each occurrence, a single bond, an oxygen atom, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

In one embodiment, each occurrence of R ¹⁵ is independently an oxygen atom, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

In the best case, the R ¹⁵ is a single button.

In one embodiment, formula (S1) is the following formula (S1-a),

〔where,

R ¹¹ , R ¹² , R ¹³ , X ¹¹ and n1 have the same meanings as those described in the above formula (S1);

t1 and t2 are each independently an integer greater than 1, preferably an integer from 1 to 10, more preferably an integer from 2 to 10, for example, an integer from 1 to 5 or an integer from 2 to 5;

The order of the repeated units marked t1 and t2 and enclosed in parentheses is arbitrary in the formula.

In a preferred embodiment, formula (S1) is the following formula (S1-b),

[In the formula, R ¹¹ , R ¹² , R ¹³ , X ¹¹ , n1 and t have the same meanings as those in the above formula (S1)].

_In ^the above formula, each occurrence _of ^Ra1 is independently ^-Z1 _- ^{SiR21p1R22q1R23r1 .}

Each occurrence of Z ¹ is independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group. In the following description, the structure of Z ¹ is right-side bonded to (SiR ²¹ _p1 R ²² _q1 R ²³ _r1 ).

In a preferred embodiment, Z ¹ is a divalent organic group.

In a preferred embodiment, Z ¹ does not include "a group that forms a siloxane bond with the Si atom to which Z ¹ is bonded." Preferably, (Si-Z ¹ -Si) in formula (S3) does not include a siloxane bond.

^Z1 is preferably a _C1-6 alkylene group, -( _CH2 ) _z1 -O-( _CH2 ) _z2- (wherein z1 is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6; z2 is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6), or -( _CH2 ) _z3 -phenylene-( _CH2 ) _z4- (wherein z3 is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6; z4 is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6). The _C1-6 alkylene group may be a straight chain or a branched chain, but is preferably a straight chain. These groups may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from, for example, a fluorine atom, a _C1-6 alkyl group, a _C2-6 alkenyl group, and a _C2-6 alkynyl group, but are preferably unsubstituted.

In a preferred embodiment, Z ¹ is a C _1-6 alkylene group or -(CH ₂ ) _z 3 -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _{z 4} -, preferably -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _{z 4} -. When ^{Z 1} is such a group, light resistance (especially UV resistance) can be further improved.

In another preferred embodiment, Z ¹ is a C _1-3 alkylene group. In one embodiment, Z ¹ can be -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -. In another embodiment, Z ¹ can be -CH ₂ CH ₂ -.

Each occurrence of R ²¹ is independently -Z ^1' -SiR ^21' _p1' R ^22' _q1' R ^23' _r1' .

Each occurrence of Z ^1' is independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group. In the following description, the structure of Z ^1' is right-side bonded to (SiR ^21' _p1' R ^22' _q1' R ^23' _r1' ).

In a preferred embodiment, Z ^1' is a divalent organic group.

In a preferred embodiment, Z ^1′ does not include a group that forms a siloxane bond with the Si atom to which Z ^1′ is bonded. Preferably, (Si—Z ^1′ —Si) in formula (S3) does not include a siloxane bond.

The aforementioned Z ^1' is preferably a C _1-6 alkylene group, -(CH ₂ ) _{z 1'} -O-(CH ₂ ) _{z 2'} - (wherein z 1' is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6; z 2' is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6), or -(CH ₂ ) _{z 3'} -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _{z 4'} - (wherein z 3' is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6; z 4' is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6). The C _1-6 alkylene group may be a straight chain or a branched chain, but is preferably a straight chain. These groups may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from, for example, a fluorine atom, a C _1-6 alkyl group, a C _2-6 alkenyl group, and a C _2-6 alkynyl group, but are preferably unsubstituted.

In a preferred embodiment, Z ^1' is a C _1-6 alkylene group or -(CH ₂ ) _{z 3'} -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _{z 4'} -, preferably -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _{z 4'} -. When Z ^1' is such a group, light resistance (especially UV resistance) can be further improved.

In another preferred embodiment, Z ^1' is a C _1-3 alkylene group. In one embodiment, Z ^1' can be -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -. In another embodiment, Z ^1' can be -CH ₂ CH ₂ -.

Each occurrence of R ^21′ is independently -Z ^1″ -SiR ^22″ _q1″ R ^23″ _r1″ .

Each occurrence of Z ^1" is independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group. In the following description, the structure of Z ^1" is right-side bonded to (SiR ^22" _q1" R ^23" _r1" ).

In a preferred embodiment, Z ^1″ is a divalent organic group.

In a preferred embodiment, Z ^1″ does not include “a group that forms a siloxane bond with the Si atom to which Z ^1″ is bonded.” Preferably, (Si-Z ^1″ -Si) in formula (S3) does not include a siloxane bond.

The above-mentioned Z1 ^" is preferably a _C1-6 alkylene group, -( _CH2 ) _z1" -O-( _CH2 ) _z2" - (wherein z1" is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6; z2" is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6), or -( _CH2 ) _z3" -phenylene-( _CH2 ) _z4" - (wherein z3" is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6; z4" is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6). The _C1-6 alkylene group may be a straight chain or a branched chain, but is preferably a straight chain. These groups may be substituted, for example, by one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a _C1-6 alkyl group, a _C2-6 alkenyl group, and a _C2-6 alkynyl group, but are preferably unsubstituted.

In a preferred embodiment, Z ^1″ is a C _1-6 alkylene group or -(CH ₂ ) _z3″ -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _z4″ -, preferably -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _z4″ -. When Z ^1″ is such a group, light resistance (especially UV resistance) can be further improved.

In another preferred embodiment, Z ^1″ is a C _1-3 alkylene group. In one embodiment, Z ^1″ can be -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -. In another embodiment, Z ^1″ can be -CH ₂ CH ₂ -.

Each occurrence of R ^22" is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

Preferably, each occurrence of R ^22" is independently a hydrolyzable group.

The above-mentioned R ^22" is preferably independently -OR ^j , -OCOR ^j , -ON=CR ^j ₂ , -NR ^j ₂ , -NHR ^j , -NCO, or halogen (in this formula, R ^j represents a substituted or unsubstituted C _1-4 alkyl group), more preferably -OR ^j (i.e., alkoxy group). R ^j can be listed as: unsubstituted alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl; substituted alkyl groups such as chloromethyl. Among them, alkyl groups are preferred, especially unsubstituted alkyl groups, and methyl or ethyl groups are more preferred. In one embodiment, R ^j is methyl, and in another embodiment, R ^j is ethyl.

The above R ^23″ is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group at each occurrence. The monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the above-mentioned hydrolyzable group.

In the above R ^23″ , the monovalent organic group is preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group, more preferably a C _1-6 alkyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

The above-mentioned q1″ is an integer from 0 to 3 each time it appears, and the above-mentioned r1″ is an integer from 0 to 3 each time it appears. Moreover, in the unit (SiR ^22″ _q1″ R ^23″ _r1″ ), the total of q1″ and r1″ is 3.

The above-mentioned q1″ is preferably an integer from 1 to 3, more preferably 2 to 3, and even more preferably 3, independently in each (SiR ^22″ _q1″ R ^23″ _r1″ ) unit.

Each occurrence of R ^22′ is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

Preferably, each occurrence of R ^22′ is independently a hydrolyzable group.

R ^22′ preferably represents, at each occurrence, independently -OR ^j , -OCOR ^j , -ON═CR ^j ₂ , -NR ^j ₂ , -NHR ^j , -NCO, or a halogen (in this formula, R ^j represents a substituted or unsubstituted C _1-4 alkyl group), more preferably -OR ^j (i.e., an alkoxy group). R ^j includes, for example, unsubstituted alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and isobutyl; and substituted alkyl groups such as chloromethyl. Among these, alkyl groups are preferred, with unsubstituted alkyl groups being particularly preferred, and methyl or ethyl being more preferred. In one embodiment, R ^j is methyl, and in another embodiment, R ^j is ethyl.

Each occurrence of R ^23′ is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. The monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the hydrolyzable group.

In R ^23′ , the monovalent organic group is preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group, more preferably a C _1-6 alkyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

Each occurrence of p1' is independently an integer between 0 and 3, each occurrence of q1' is independently an integer between 0 and 3, and each occurrence of r1' is independently an integer between 0 and 3. Furthermore, in the unit (SiR ^21' _p1' R ^22' _q1' R ^23' _r1' ), the sum of p', q1', and r1' is 3.

In one embodiment, p1’ is 0.

In one embodiment, p1′ in each (SiR ^21′ _p1′ R ^22′ _q1′ R ^23′ _r1′ ) unit can be independently an integer from 1 to 3, an integer from 2 to 3, or 3. In a preferred embodiment, p1′ is 3.

In one embodiment, q1' in each (SiR ^21' _p1' R ^22' _q1' R ^23' _r1' ) unit is independently an integer from 1 to 3, preferably an integer from 2 to 3, and more preferably 3.

In one embodiment, p1' is 0, and q1' is independently an integer from 1 to 3 in each (SiR ^21' _p1' R ^22' _q1' R ^23' _r1' ) unit, preferably an integer from 2 to 3, and more preferably 3.

Each occurrence of R ²² is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

Preferably, each occurrence of ^R22 is independently a hydrolyzable group.

R ²² preferably represents, at each occurrence, independently -OR ^j , -OCOR ^j , -ON=CR ^j ₂ , -NR ^j ₂ , -NHR ^j , -NCO, or a halogen (in this formula, R ^j represents a substituted or unsubstituted C _1-4 alkyl group), more preferably -OR ^j (i.e., an alkoxy group). R ^j includes, for example, unsubstituted alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and isobutyl; and substituted alkyl groups such as chloromethyl. Among these, alkyl groups are preferred, with unsubstituted alkyl groups being particularly preferred, and methyl or ethyl being more preferred. In one embodiment, R ^j is methyl, and in another embodiment, R ^j is ethyl.

Each occurrence of R ²³ is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. The monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the hydrolyzable group.

In R ²³ , the monovalent organic group is preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group, more preferably a C _1-6 alkyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

Each occurrence of p1 is independently an integer between 0 and 3, each occurrence of q1 is independently an integer between 0 and 3, and each occurrence of r1 is independently an integer between 0 and 3. In the unit (SiR ²¹ _p1 R ²² _q1 R ²³ _r1 ), the total of p1, q1, and r1 is 3.

In one embodiment, p1 is 0.

In one embodiment, p1 in each (SiR ²¹ _p1 R ²² _q1 R ²³ _r1 ) unit is independently an integer from 1 to 3, and may be an integer from 2 to 3, or may be 3. In a preferred embodiment, p1 is 3.

In one embodiment, q1 in each (SiR ²¹ _p1 R ²² _q1 R ²³ _r1 ) unit is independently an integer from 1 to 3, preferably an integer from 2 to 3, and more preferably 3.

In one embodiment, p1 is 0, and q1 is independently an integer from 1 to 3 in each (SiR ²¹ _p1 R ²² _q1 R ²³ _r1 ) unit, preferably an integer from 2 to 3, and more preferably 3.

In the above formula, each occurrence of R ^b1 is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

Preferably, each occurrence of R ^b1 is independently a hydrolyzable group.

The aforementioned R ^b1 preferably represents, at each occurrence, independently -OR ^j , -OCOR ^j , -ON=CR ^j ₂ , -NR ^j ₂ , -NHR ^j , -NCO, or a halogen (in this formula, R ^j represents a substituted or unsubstituted C _1-4 alkyl group), more preferably -OR ^j (i.e., an alkoxy group). Examples of R ^j include unsubstituted alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and isobutyl; and substituted alkyl groups such as chloromethyl. Among these, alkyl groups are preferred, with unsubstituted alkyl groups being particularly preferred, and methyl or ethyl groups being more preferred. In one embodiment, R ^j is methyl, and in another embodiment, R ^j is ethyl.

In the above formula, each occurrence of R ^c1 is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. The monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the above-mentioned hydrolyzable group.

In the above R ^c1 , the monovalent organic group is preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group, more preferably a C _1-6 alkyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

Each occurrence of k1 is independently an integer between 0 and 3, each occurrence of l1 is independently an integer between 0 and 3, and each occurrence of m1 is independently an integer between 0 and 3. Furthermore, in the unit (SiR ^a1 _k1 R ^b1 _l1 R ^c1 _m1 ), the sum of k1, l1, and m1 is 3.

In one embodiment, k1 is independently an integer from 1 to 3 in each (SiR ^a1 _k1 R ^b1 _l1 R ^c1 _m1 ) unit, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3. In a preferred embodiment, k1 is 3.

In the above formulae (1) and (2), when R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S3), it is preferred that at least two Si atoms bonded to a "hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group" exist in the terminal portions of formulae (1) and (2).

In a preferred embodiment, the group represented by formula (S3) has any one of -Z ¹ -SiR ²² _q1 R ²³ _r1 (wherein q1 is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, more preferably 3; r1 is an integer from 0 to 2), -Z ^1' -SiR ^22' _q1' R ^23' _r1' (wherein q1' is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, more preferably 3; r1' is an integer from 0 to 2), or -Z ^1" -SiR ^22" _q1" R ^23" _r1" (wherein q1" is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, more preferably 3; r1" is an integer from 0 to 2). Z ¹ , Z ^1' , Z ^1" , R ²² , R ²³ , R ^22' , R ^{R 23'} , R ^22" and R ^23" have the same meaning as above.

In a preferred embodiment, when R ^21′ is present in formula (S3), in at least one (preferably all) R ^21′ , q1″ is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3.

In a preferred embodiment, when R ²¹ is present in formula (S3), in at least one (preferably all) R ²¹ , p1' is 0, and q1' is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3.

In a preferred embodiment, when ^Ra1 is present in formula (S3), in at least one (preferably all) ^Ra1 , p1 is 0, and q1 is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3.

In a preferred embodiment, in formula (S3), k1 is 2 or 3, preferably 3, p1 is 0, and q1 is 2 or 3, preferably 3.

R ^d1 is independently -Z ² -CR ³¹ _p2 R ³² _q2 R ³³ _r2 at each occurrence.

Each occurrence of Z ² is independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group. In the following description, the structure of Z ² is right-side bonded to (CR ³¹ _p2 R ³² _q2 R ³³ _r2 ).

In a preferred embodiment, Z ² is a divalent organic group.

The aforementioned ^Z2 is preferably a _C1-6 alkylene group, -( _CH2 ) _z5 -O-( _CH2 ) _z6- (wherein z5 is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6; z6 is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6), or -( _CH2 ) _z7 -phenylene-( _CH2 ) _z8- (wherein z7 is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6; z8 is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6). The _C1-6 alkylene group may be a straight chain or a branched chain, but is preferably a straight chain. These groups may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from, for example, a fluorine atom, a _C1-6 alkyl group, a _C2-6 alkenyl group, and a _C2-6 alkynyl group, but are preferably unsubstituted.

In a preferred embodiment, Z ² is a C _1-6 alkylene group or -(CH ₂ ) _z 7 -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _{z 8} -, preferably -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _{z 8} -. When Z ² is such a group, light resistance (especially UV resistance) can be further improved.

In another preferred embodiment, Z ² is a C _1-3 alkylene group. In one embodiment, Z ² can be -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -. In another embodiment, Z ² can be -CH ₂ CH ₂ -.

Each occurrence of R ³¹ is independently -Z ^2' -CR ^32' _q2' R ^33' _r2' .

Each occurrence of Z ^2' is independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group. In the following description, the structure of Z ^2' is right-side bonded to (CR ^32' _q2' R ^33' _r2' ).

The aforementioned Z ^2' is preferably a C _1-6 alkylene group, -(CH ₂ ) _{z 5 '} -O-(CH ₂ ) _{z 6 '} -(wherein z 5 ' is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6; z 6 ' is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6), or -(CH ₂ ) _{z 7 '} -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _{z 8 '} -(wherein z 7 ' is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6; z 8 ' is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6). The C _1-6 alkylene group may be a straight chain or a branched chain, but is preferably a straight chain. These groups may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from, for example, a fluorine atom, a C _1-6 alkyl group, a C _2-6 alkenyl group, and a C _2-6 alkynyl group, but are preferably unsubstituted.

In a preferred embodiment, Z ^2' is a C _1-6 alkylene group or -(CH ₂ ) _z7' -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _z8' -, preferably -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _z8' -. When Z ^2' is such a group, light resistance (especially UV resistance) can be further improved.

In another preferred embodiment, Z ^2' is a C _1-3 alkylene group. In one embodiment, Z ^2' can be -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -. In another embodiment, Z ^2' can be -CH ₂ CH ₂ -.

Each occurrence of R ^32′ is independently -Z ³ -SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 .

Each occurrence of Z ³ is independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group. In the following description, the structure of Z ³ is right-side bonded to (SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 ).

In one embodiment, Z ³ is an oxygen atom.

In one embodiment, Z ³ is a divalent organic group.

The above-mentioned Z ³ is preferably a C _1-6 alkylene group, -(CH ₂ ) _z5” -O-(CH ₂ ) _z6” - (wherein z5” is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6; z6” is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6), or -(CH ₂ ) _z7” -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _z8” - (wherein z7” is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6; z8” is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6). The C _1-6 alkylene group may be a straight chain or a branched chain, but is preferably a straight chain. These groups may be substituted, for example, by one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C _1-6 alkyl group, a C _2-6 alkenyl group, and a C _2-6 alkynyl group, but are preferably unsubstituted.

In a preferred embodiment, Z ³ is a C _1-6 alkylene group or -(CH ₂ ) _z7″ -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _z8″ -, preferably -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _z8″ -. When Z ³ is such a group, light resistance (especially UV resistance) can be further improved.

In another preferred embodiment, Z ³ is a C _1-3 alkylene group. In one embodiment, Z ³ can be -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -. In another embodiment, Z ³ can be -CH ₂ CH ₂ -.

Each occurrence of R ³⁴ is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

Preferably, each occurrence of R ³⁴ is independently a hydrolyzable group.

R ³⁴ preferably represents, at each occurrence, -OR ^j , -OCOR ^j , -ON=CR ^j ₂ , -NR ^j ₂ , -NHR ^j , -NCO, or a halogen (in this formula, R ^j represents a substituted or unsubstituted C _1-4 alkyl group), more preferably -OR ^j (i.e., an alkoxy group). R ^j includes, for example, unsubstituted alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and isobutyl; and substituted alkyl groups such as chloromethyl. Among these, alkyl groups are preferred, with unsubstituted alkyl groups being particularly preferred, and methyl or ethyl being more preferred. In one embodiment, R ^j is methyl, and in another embodiment, R ^j is ethyl.

Each occurrence of R ³⁵ is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. The monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the hydrolyzable group.

In the above R ³⁵ , the monovalent organic group is preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group, more preferably a C _1-6 alkyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

In the above formula, n2 is an integer from 0 to 3 independently in each (SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 ) unit. However, when R ^Si is a radical represented by formula (S4), at least one (SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 ) unit in which n2 is 1 to 3 exists in the terminal portion of formula (1) and formula (2). That is, not all n2 in the terminal portion are 0 at the same time. In other words, at least one Si atom bonded to a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group exists in the terminal portion of formula (1) and formula (2).

In each (SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 ) unit, n2 is independently preferably an integer from 1 to 3, more preferably from 2 to 3, and even more preferably 3.

Each occurrence of R ^33′ is independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group. The monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the hydrolyzable group.

In the above-mentioned R ^33′ , the monovalent organic group is preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group or -(C _s H _2s ) _t1 -(OC _s H _2s ) _t2 (wherein, s is an integer from 1 to 6, preferably an integer from 2 to 4; t1 is 1 or 0, preferably 0; t2 is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably an integer from 2 to 10, more preferably an integer from 2 to 6), more preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group, still more preferably a C _1-6 alkyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group.

In one embodiment, R ^33′ is hydroxy.

In another embodiment, R ^33′ is a monovalent organic group, preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group, more preferably a C _1-6 alkyl group.

Each occurrence of q2' is independently an integer between 0 and 3, and each occurrence of r2' is independently an integer between 0 and 3. In the unit (CR ^32' _q2' R ^33' _r2' ), the sum of q2' and r2' is 3.

q2' is preferably an integer from 1 to 3, more preferably 2 to 3, and even more preferably 3, independently in each (CR ^32' _q2' R ^33' _r2' ) unit.

Each occurrence of R ³² is independently -Z ³ -SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 . Said -Z ³ -SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 has the same meaning as described above for R ^32′ .

Each occurrence of R ³³ is independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group. The monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the hydrolyzable group.

In the above-mentioned R ³³ , the monovalent organic group is preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group or -(C _s H _2s ) _t1 -(OC _s H _2s ) _t2 (wherein, s is an integer from 1 to 6, preferably an integer from 2 to 4; t1 is 1 or 0, preferably 0; t2 is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably an integer from 2 to 10, more preferably an integer from 2 to 6), more preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group, still more preferably a C _1-6 alkyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group.

In one embodiment, R ³³ is hydroxy.

In another embodiment, R ³³ is a monovalent organic group, preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group, more preferably a C _1-6 alkyl group.

Each occurrence of p2 is independently an integer between 0 and 3, each occurrence of q2 is independently an integer between 0 and 3, and each occurrence of r2 is independently an integer between 0 and 3. In the unit (CR ³¹ _p2 R ³² _q2 R ³³ _r2 ), the sum of p2, q2, and r2 is 3.

In one embodiment, p2 is 0.

In one embodiment, p2 in each (CR ³¹ _p2 R ³² _q2 R ³³ _r2 ) unit can be an integer from 1 to 3, an integer from 2 to 3, or 3. In a preferred embodiment, p2 is 3.

In one embodiment, q2 is independently an integer from 1 to 3 in each (CR ³¹ _p2 R ³² _q2 R ³³ _r2 ) unit, preferably an integer from 2 to 3, and more preferably 3.

In one embodiment, P2 is 0, and q2 is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably an integer from 2 to 3, and more preferably 3, independently in each (CR ³¹ _p2 R ³² _q2 R ³³ _r2 ) unit.

Each occurrence of R ^e1 is independently -Z ³ -SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 . -Z ³ -SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 has the same meaning as described above for R ^32' .

Each occurrence of ^Rf1 is independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group. The monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the hydrolyzable group.

In the above-mentioned R ^f1 , the monovalent organic group is preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group or -(C _s H _2s ) _t1 -(OC _s H _2s ) _t2 (wherein, s is an integer from 1 to 6, preferably an integer from 2 to 4; t1 is 1 or 0, preferably 0; t2 is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably an integer from 2 to 10, more preferably an integer from 2 to 6), more preferably a C _1-20 alkyl group, still more preferably a C _1-6 alkyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group.

In one embodiment, R ^f1 is hydroxy.

In another embodiment, ^Rf1 is a monovalent organic group, preferably a _C1-20 alkyl group, more preferably a _C1-6 alkyl group.

Each occurrence of k2 is independently an integer between 0 and 3, each occurrence of l2 is independently an integer between 0 and 3, and each occurrence of m2 is independently an integer between 0 and 3. In the unit (CR ^d1 _k2 R ^e1 _l2 R ^f1 _m2 ), the sum of k2, l2, and m2 is 3.

In the above formulae (1) and (2), when R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S4), it is preferred that at least two Si atoms bonded to a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group exist in the terminal portions of formulae (1) and (2).

In one embodiment, when R ^Si is a base represented by formula (S4), there are 2 or more (SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 ) units in which n2 is 1 to 3 (preferably 2 or 3, more preferably 3) in each terminal portion of formula (1) and formula (2), for example, there are 2 to 27, preferably there are 2 to 9, more preferably there are 2 to 6, even more preferably there are 2 to 3, and particularly preferably there are 3.

In a preferred embodiment, when R ^32′ is present in formula (S4), in at least one (preferably all) R ^32′ , n2 is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3.

In a preferred embodiment, when R ³² is present in formula (S4), in at least one (preferably all) R ³² , n2 is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3.

In a preferred embodiment, when R ^e1 is present in formula (S4), in at least one (preferably all) R ^a1 , n2 is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3.

In a preferred embodiment, in formula (S4), k2 is 0, l2 is 2 or 3, preferably 3, and n2 is 2 or 3, preferably 3.

R ^g1 and R ^h1, at each occurrence, independently represent -Z ⁴ -SiR ¹¹ _n1 R ¹² _3-n1 , -Z ⁴ -SiR ^a1 _k1 R ^b1 _l1 R ^c1 _m1 , and -Z ⁴ -CR ^d1 _k2 R ^e1 _l2 R ^f1 _m2 . Here, R ¹¹ , R ¹² , ^Ra1 , R ^b2 , R ^c1 , R ^d1 , Re1, R ^f1 , ⁿ¹ , k1, l1, m1, k2, l2, and m2 have the same meanings as described above.

In a preferred embodiment, R ^g1 and R ^h1 are each independently -Z ⁴ -SiR ¹¹ _n1 R ¹² _3-n1 .

Each occurrence of Z ⁴ is independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group. In the following description, the structure of Z ⁴ is right-side bonded to (SiR ¹¹ _n1 R ¹² _3-n1 ).

In one embodiment, Z ⁴ is an oxygen atom.

In one embodiment, Z ⁴ is a divalent organic group.

The aforementioned Z ⁴ is preferably a C _1-6 alkylene group, -(CH ₂ ) _z5” -O-(CH ₂ ) _z6” - (wherein z5” is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6; z6” is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6), or -(CH ₂ ) _z7” -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _z8” - (wherein z7” is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6; z8” is an integer from 0 to 6, for example, an integer from 1 to 6). The C _1-6 alkylene group may be a straight chain or a branched chain, but is preferably a straight chain. These groups may be substituted, for example, by one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C _1-6 alkyl group, a C _2-6 alkenyl group, and a C _2-6 alkynyl group, but are preferably unsubstituted.

In a preferred embodiment, Z ⁴ is a C _1-6 alkylene group or -(CH ₂ ) _z7″ -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _z8″ -, preferably -phenylene-(CH ₂ ) _z8″ -. When Z ³ is such a group, light resistance (especially UV resistance) can be further improved.

In another preferred embodiment, Z ⁴ is a C _1-3 alkylene group. In one embodiment, Z ⁴ can be -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -. In another embodiment, Z ⁴ can be -CH ₂ CH ₂ -.

In one embodiment, R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S2), (S3), (S4), or (S5). These compounds can form a surface treatment layer with high surface smoothness.

In one embodiment, R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S3), (S4), or (S5). These compounds have multiple hydrolyzable groups at one end, and thus can form a surface treatment layer that can firmly adhere to the substrate and has high wear resistance.

In one embodiment, R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S3) or (S4). These compounds can form a surface treatment layer with higher wear resistance because they can have multiple hydrolyzable groups branching from a Si atom or a C atom at one end.

In one embodiment, R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S1).

In one embodiment, R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S2).

In one embodiment, R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S3).

In one embodiment, R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S4).

In one embodiment, R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S5).

In the above formulas (1) and (2), ^XA is understood to be a linking group that connects the fluoropolyether moieties ( ^RF1 and ^RF2 ) that primarily provide hydrophobicity and surface smoothness with the moiety ( ^RSi ) that provides bonding ability to the substrate. Therefore, ^XA may be a single bond or any other group as long as it allows the compounds represented by formulas (1) and (2) to exist stably.

In the above formula (1), α is an integer from 1 to 9, and β is an integer from 1 to 9. These α and β may vary depending on the valence of ^XA . The sum of α and β is the same as the valence of ^XA . For example, when ^XA is a devalent organic group, the sum of α and β is 10, such as α is 9 and β is 1, α is 5 and β is 5, or α is 1 and β is 9. Furthermore, when ^XA is a divalent organic group, α and β are 1.

In the above formula (2), γ is an integer from 1 to 9. γ can vary according to the valence of X ^A. In other words, γ is the value obtained by subtracting 1 from the valence of X ^A.

X and ^A are each independently a single bond or a 2- to 10-valent organic group;

The 2- to 10-valent organic group in ^XA is preferably a 2- to 8-valent organic group. In one embodiment, the 2- to 10-valent organic group is preferably a 2- to 4-valent organic group, more preferably a 2-valent organic group. In another embodiment, the 2- to 10-valent organic group is preferably a 3- to 8-valent organic group, more preferably a 3- to 6-valent organic group.

In one embodiment, ^XA is a single bond or a divalent organic group, α is 1, and β is 1.

In one embodiment, ^XA is a single bond or a divalent organic group, and γ is 1.

In one embodiment, ^XA is a 3- to 6-valent organic group, α is 1, and β is 2 to 5.

In one embodiment, X ^A is a 3- to 6-valent organic group, and γ is 2 to 5.

In one embodiment, ^XA is a trivalent organic group, α is 1, and β is 2.

In one embodiment, ^XA is a trivalent organic group, and γ is 2.

When X ^A is a single bond or a divalent organic group, formulae (1) and (2) are represented by the following formulae (1') and (2').

R ^F1 -X ^A -R ^Si (1')

R ^Si -X ^A -R ^F2 -X ^A -R ^Si (2')

In one aspect, ^XA is a single key.

In another embodiment, ^XA is a divalent organic group.

In one embodiment, ^XA can be, for example, a single bond, or a divalent organic group represented by the following formula:

-(R ⁵¹ ) _p5 -(X ⁵¹ ) _q5 -〔wherein,

R ⁵¹ represents a single bond, -(CH ₂ ) _{s 5} -, or an o-phenyl group, an m-phenyl group, or a p-phenyl group, preferably -(CH ₂ ) _{s 5} -;

s5 is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably an integer from 1 to 6, more preferably an integer from 1 to 3, and even more preferably 1 or 2;

X ⁵¹ represents -(X ⁵² ) _l5 -;

^X52, at each occurrence, independently represents a group selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, o-phenyl, m-phenyl, or p-phenyl, -C(O)O-, -Si( ^R53 ) _2- , -(Si( ^R53 ) _2O ) _m5 -Si( ^R53 ) _2- , ^-CONR54- , -O- ^CONR54- , ^-NR54- , and -( _CH2 ) _n5- ;

R ⁵³ , at each occurrence, independently represents phenyl, C _1-6 alkyl or C _1-6 alkoxy, preferably phenyl or C _1-6 alkyl, more preferably methyl;

R ⁵⁴ , at each occurrence, independently represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C _1-6 alkyl group (preferably a methyl group);

Each time m5 appears, it is independently an integer between 1 and 100, preferably an integer between 1 and 20;

n5 is independently an integer from 1 to 20 each time it appears, preferably an integer from 1 to 6, and more preferably an integer from 1 to 3;

l5 is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably an integer from 1 to 5, and more preferably an integer from 1 to 3;

p5 is 0 or 1;

q5 is 0 or 1;

Here, at least one of p5 and q5 is 1, and the order of the repeated units marked with p5 or q5 and enclosed in parentheses is arbitrary.

Here, X ^A (typically a hydrogen atom of X ^A ) may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C _1-3 alkyl group, and a C _1-3 fluoroalkyl group. In a preferred embodiment, X ^A is not substituted with these substituents.

In a preferred embodiment, the aforementioned ^XA are each independently -( ^R51 ) _p5- ( ^X51 ) _q5 - ^R52- . ^R52 represents a single bond, -( _CH2 ) _t5- , or an o-phenyl group, an m-phenyl group, or a p-phenyl group, preferably -( _CH2 ) _t5- . T5 is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably an integer from 2 to 6, and more preferably an integer from 2 to 3. Here, ^R52 (typically a hydrogen atom of ^R52 ) may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a _C1-3 alkyl group, and a _C1-3 fluoroalkyl group. In a preferred embodiment, ^R56 is not substituted with such substituents.

Preferably, the above X ^A can be independently a single bond, a C _1-20 alkylene group, -R ⁵¹ -X ⁵³ -R ⁵² -, or -X ⁵⁴ -R ⁵ - [wherein, R ⁵¹ and R ⁵² have the same meanings as above,

X ⁵³ represents -O-, -S-, -C(O)O-, -CONR ⁵⁴ -, -O-CONR ⁵⁴ -, -Si(R ⁵³ ) ₂ -, -(Si(R ⁵³ ) ₂ O) _m5 -Si(R ⁵³ ) ₂ -, -O-(CH ₂ ) _u5 -(Si(R ⁵³ ) ₂ O) _m5 -Si(R ⁵³ ) ₂ -, -O-(CH ₂ ) _u5 -Si(R ⁵³ ) ₂ -O-Si(R ⁵³ ) ₂ -CH ₂ CH ₂ -Si(R ⁵³ ) ₂ -O-Si(R ⁵³ ) ₂ -, -O-(CH ₂ ) _u5 -Si(OCH ₃ ) ₂ OSi(OCH ₃ ) ₂ -, -CONR ⁵⁴ -(CH ₂ ) _u5 -(Si(R ⁵³ ) ₂ O) _m5 -Si(R ⁵³ ) ₂ -, -CONR ⁵⁴ -(CH ₂ ) _u5 -N(R ⁵⁴ )-, or -CONR ⁵⁴ -(o-phenyl, m-phenyl or p-phenyl)-Si(R ⁵³ ) ₂ - (wherein R ⁵³ , R ⁵⁴ and m5 have the same meanings as above,

u5 is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 2 to 6, and more preferably from 2 to 3).

^X54 represents -S-, -C(O)O-, ^-CONR54- , -O-CONR54-, -CONR54-( ^CH2 ) _u5- (Si( _R54 ) ^{2O )} m5-Si( ^R54 ) _2- , _-CONR54- ( _CH2 ) _u5 - _N ( ^R54 )-, or ^-CONR54- (o-phenyl, m ^- phenyl or p-phenyl)-Si( ^R54 ) _2- (wherein each symbol has the same meaning as above)].

More preferably, ^XA is independently a single bond, _C1-20 alkylene, -( _CH2 ) _s5 - ^X53- , -( _CH2 )s5- ^X53- ( _CH2 ) _t5 - ^X54- , or ^-X54- ( _CH2 ) _t5- [wherein _X53 ^{, X54} , s5 and t5 have the same meanings as above].

More preferably, the above-mentioned X ^A can independently be a single bond, a C _1-20 alkylene group, -(CH ₂ ) _s 5 -X ⁵³ -(CH ₂ ) _{t 5} -, or -X ⁵⁴ -(CH ₂ ) _{t 5} - [wherein each symbol has the same meaning as above].

In a preferred embodiment, the above X ^A can be independently a single bond C _1-20 alkylene group, -(CH ₂ ) _s5 -X ⁵³ -, or -(CH ₂ ) _s5 -X ⁵³ -(CH ₂ ) _t5 - [wherein,

X ⁵³ is -O-, -CONR ⁵⁴ -, or -O-CONR ⁵⁴ -,

R ⁵⁴ , at each occurrence, independently represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group or a C _1-6 alkyl group,

s5 is an integer from 1 to 20.

t5 is an integer between 1 and 20].

In a preferred embodiment, the above ^XA can be independently -(CH ₂ ) _{s 5} -O-(CH ₂ ) _{t 5} --CONR ⁵⁴ -(CH ₂ ) _{t 5} - [wherein,

R ⁵⁴ , at each occurrence, independently represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group or a C _1-6 alkyl group,

s5 is an integer from 1 to 20.

t5 is an integer between 1 and 20].

In one embodiment, ^XA is independently a single bond, _C1-20 alkylene, -( _CH2 ) _s5 -O-(CH2) _t5- , -( _CH2 ) _s5- (Si( _R53 ) _2O ) _m5 -Si( ^R53 ) _2- ( ^CH2 ) _t5- , -( _CH2 ) _s5 -O-( _CH2 ) _u5- (Si( ^R53 _{) 2O} ) _m5 -Si( ^R53 ) _2- ( _CH2 ) _t5- , or -( _CH2 ) _s5 -O-( _CH2 ) _t5 -Si( ^R53 ) _2- (CH2) _u5 -Si( ^R53 _{) 2-} ( _CvH2v )- [wherein _, ^R53 , m5, s5, t5 and u5 have the same meanings as above, and v5 is an integer from 1 to 20, preferably an integer from 2 to 6, and more preferably an integer from 2 to 3].

In the above formula, -(C _v H _2v )- may be a straight chain or a branched chain, for example, -CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ -, -CH(CH ₃ )-, or -CH(CH ₃ )CH ₂ -.

The above X ^A may be independently substituted with one or more substituents selected from fluorine atoms, C _1-3 alkyl groups and C _1-3 fluoroalkyl groups (preferably C _1-3 perfluoroalkyl groups). In one embodiment, X ^A is unsubstituted.

In addition, the above ^XA is bonded to ^RF1 or ^RF2 on the left side and to ^RSi on the right side in each formula.

In one embodiment, X ^A each independently can be other than -OC _1-6 alkylene.

In another aspect, ^XA can be, for example, a group selected from the following:

[wherein, R ⁴¹ is independently a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a C _1-6 alkoxy group, preferably a methyl group;

D is a group selected from the group consisting of _-CH2O ( _CH2 ) _2- , -CH2O( _CH2 ) _3- , _{-CF2O (CH2)3-, -(CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4- , -CONH- ( CH2 ) 3- ,} -CON( _CH3 )-( _{CH2 ) 3- ,} -CON(Ph)-( _CH2 ) _3- (wherein Ph is a phenyl group) _and

(wherein R ⁴² independently represents a hydrogen atom, a C _1-6 alkyl group, or a C _1-6 alkoxy group, preferably a methyl group or a methoxy group, more preferably a methyl group),

E is -(CH ₂ ) _n - (n is an integer from 2 to 6),

D is bonded to ^RF1 or ^RF2 of the main chain of the molecule, and E is bonded to ^RSi ].

Specific examples of the above-mentioned ^XA include: single bond, _-CH2OCH2- , -CH2O(CH2) _2- , _-CH2O (CH2) _{3- ,} -CH2O( _CH2 )4- _{, -CH2O} ( _CH2 ) _5- , _-CH2O ( _CH2 ) _6- , -CH2O( _CH2 ) _3Si ( _CH3 )2OSi(CH3) ₂ ( _CH2 ) _2- , -CH2O( _CH2 )3Si ₍ CH3)2OSi( _CH3 ) _{2OSi(CH3)2 ( CH2 ) 2-} , -CH2O( _CH2 ) _3Si ( _CH3 ) _2OSi ( _CH3 ) _2OSi ( _CH3 ) ₂ ( _CH2 ) _2- , _-CH2O ( _CH2 ) _3Si ( _CH3 ) _2O (Si( _CH3 ) _2O ) _2Si ( _CH3 ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CH ₂ O(CH ₂ ) ₃ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ O(Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ O) ₃ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CH ₂ O(CH ₂ ) ₃ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ O(Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ O) ₁₀ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CH ₂ O(CH ₂ ) ₃ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ O(Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ O) ₂₀ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCF ₂ CHFOCF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCF ₂ CHFOCF ₂ CF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCF ₂ CHFOCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ OCF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ OCF ₂ CF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ OCF(CF ₃ )CF ₂ OCF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ OCF(CF ₃ )CF ₂ OCF ₂ CF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ OCF(CF ₃ )CF ₂ OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CHFCF ₂ OCF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CHFCF ₂ OCF ₂ CF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CHFCF ₂ OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CHFCF ₂ OCF(CF ₃ )CF ₂ OCF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CHFCF ₂ OCF(CF ₃ )CF ₂ OCF ₂ CF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CHFCF ₂ OCF(CF ₃ )CF ₂ OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCF ₂ CHFOCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ -C(O)NH-CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₇ CH ₂ Si(OCH ₃ ) ₂ OSi(OCH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₂ Si(OCH ₃ ) ₂ OSi(OCH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ Si(OCH ₃ ) ₂ OSi(OCH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ Si(OCH ₂ CH ₃ ) ₂ OSi(OCH ₂ CH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ Si(OCH ₃ ) ₂ OSi(OCH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CH ₂ OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ Si(OCH ₂ CH ₃ ) ₂ OSi(OCH ₂ CH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CH ₂ -, -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -(CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -(CH ₂ ) ₄ -, -(CH ₂ ) ₅ -, -(CH ₂ ) ₆ -, -CO-, -CONH-, -CONH-CH ₂ -, -CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₄ -, -CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₅ -, -CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₆ -, -CON(CH ₃ )-CH ₂ -, -CON(CH ₃ )-(CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CON(CH ₃ )-(CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -CON(CH ₃ )-(CH ₂ ) ₄ -, -CON(CH ₃ )-(CH ₂ ) ₅ -, -CON(CH ₃ )-(CH ₂ ) ₆ -, -CON(Ph)-CH ₂ -(where Ph refers to phenyl), -CON(Ph)-(CH ₂ ) ₂ -(wherein Ph represents a phenyl group), -CON(Ph)-(CH ₂ ) ₃ -(wherein Ph represents a phenyl group), -CON(Ph)-(CH ₂ ) ₄ -(wherein Ph represents a phenyl group), -CON(Ph)-(CH ₂ ) ₅ -(wherein Ph represents a phenyl group), -CON(Ph)-(CH ₂ ) ₆ -(wherein Ph represents a phenyl group), -CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₂ NH(CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₆ NH(CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -CH ₂ O-CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -CH ₂ O-CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₆ -, -S-(CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -(CH ₂ ) ₂ S(CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₃ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ OSi(CH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₃ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ OSi(CH ₃ ) ₂ OSi(CH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₃ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ O(Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ O) ₂ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₃ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ O(Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ O) ₃ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₃ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ O(Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ O) ₁₀ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CONH-(CH ₂ ) ₃ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ O(Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ O) ₂₀ Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -C(O)O-(CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -C(O)O-(CH ₂ ) ₆ -, -CH ₂ -O-(CH ₂ ) ₃ -Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -, -CH ₂ -O-(CH ₂ ) ₃ -Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ -CH(CH ₃ )-, -CH ₂ -O-(CH ₂ ) ₃ -Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ -(CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -CH ₂ -O-(CH ₂ ) ₃ -Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ -(CH ₂ ) ₂ -Si(CH ₃ ) ₂ -CH(CH ₃ )-CH ₂ -, -OCH ₂ -, -O(CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -OCFHCF ₂ -,

wait.

In yet another embodiment, X and ^A are each independently a group represented by the formula: -(R ¹⁶ ) _{x 1} -(CFR ¹⁷ ) _{y 1} -(CH ₂ ) _{z 1} -, wherein x 1 , y 1 , and z 1 are each independently an integer from 0 to 10, the sum of x 1 , y 1 , and z 1 is 1 or greater, and the order of the repeating units enclosed in parentheses is arbitrary.

In the above formula, R ¹⁶ is independently an oxygen atom, a phenylene group, a carbazolyl group, -NR ¹⁸ - (wherein R ¹⁸ represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group), or a divalent organic group. Preferably, R ¹⁸ is an oxygen atom or a divalent polar group.

The aforementioned "divalent polar group" is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include -C(O)-, -C(=NR ¹⁹ )-, and -C(O)NR ¹⁹ - (in this formula, R ¹⁹ represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group). The "lower alkyl group" refers to an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl, which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms.

In the above formula, R ¹⁷ , at each occurrence, independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a lower fluoroalkyl group, preferably a fluorine atom. The "lower fluoroalkyl group" refers to, for example, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms), preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, and even more preferably a trifluoromethyl group.

In yet another aspect, examples of ^XA include the following groups:

Where,

R ⁴¹ is independently a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, a C 1-6 alkyl group, or a C _1-6 alkoxy group, preferably a methyl group;

In each ^XA group, when any of T is the following group bonded to " ^RF1 or ^RF2 of the molecular main chain" and some of the other T is bonded to " ^RSi of the molecular main chain", the remaining T are independently methyl, phenyl, _C1-6 alkoxy, or free radical scavenging group, or ultraviolet absorbing group; _-CH2O ( _CH2 ) _2- , _-CH2O ( _CH2 ) _3- , -CF2O( _CH2 ) _3- , -( _CH2 ) _2- , -( _CH2 ) _3- , -( _CH2 ) _4- , -CONH-( _CH2 ) _3- , -CON( _CH3 )-( _CH2 ) _3- , -CON(Ph ₎ -( _CH2 ) _3- (wherein Ph is phenyl), or

[wherein R ⁴² is independently a hydrogen atom, a C _1-6 alkyl group or a C _1-6 alkoxy group, preferably a methyl group or a methoxy group, more preferably a methyl group].

As for the free radical scavenging group, there is no particular limitation as long as it can scavenge free radicals generated by light irradiation, and examples thereof include benzophenones, benzotriazoles, benzoates, phenyl salicylates, crotonic acids, malonates, organic acrylates, hindered amines, hindered phenols, or tris(III)s. The remnant of the class.

As for the ultraviolet absorbing group, there is no particular limitation as long as it can absorb ultraviolet rays. Examples thereof include benzotriazoles, hydroxybenzophenones, esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acid or salicylic acid compounds, acrylates or cinnamic acid alkoxy esters, oxalamides, oxalanilides, benzotriazoles, Benzoxazinone, benzo Benzoxazole residue.

In a preferred embodiment, preferred free radical scavenging groups or UV absorbing groups can be listed as follows:

In this aspect, X and ^A each independently can be a 3- to 10-valent organic group.

In yet another aspect, examples of ^XA include the following groups:

[wherein, R ²⁵ , R ²⁶ and R ²⁷ are independently a di- to hexavalent organic group,

R ²⁵ is bonded to at least one R ^F1 , and R ²⁶ and R ²⁷ are each bonded to at least one R ^Si ].

In one embodiment, R ²⁵ is a single bond, a C _1-20 alkylene group, a C _3-20 cycloalkylene group, a C _5-20 arylene group, -R ⁵⁷ -X ⁵⁸ -R ⁵⁹ -, -X ⁵⁸ -R ⁵⁹ -, or -R ⁵⁷ -X ⁵⁸ -. R ⁵⁷ and R ⁵⁹ are each independently a single bond, a C _1-20 alkylene group, a C _3-20 cycloalkylene group, or a C _5-20 arylene group. X ⁵⁸ is -O-, -S-, -CO-, -O-CO-, or -COO-.

In one embodiment, R ²⁶ and R ²⁷ are each independently a "hydrocarbon" or a "group having at least one atom selected from N, O, and S at the end or main chain of the hydrocarbon," preferably a C _1-6 alkyl group, -R ³⁶ -R ³⁷ -R ³⁶ -, or -R ³⁶ -CHR ³⁸ ₂ -. Here, R ³⁶ is each independently a single bond or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. R ³⁷ is N, O, or S, preferably N or O. R ³⁸ is -R ⁴⁵ -R ⁴⁶ -R ⁴⁵ -, -R ⁴⁶ -R ⁴⁵ -, or -R ⁴⁵ -R ⁴⁶ -. Here, R ⁴⁵ is each independently a alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. ^R46 is N, O or S, preferably O.

In this aspect, X and ^A each independently can be a 3- to 10-valent organic group.

In yet another aspect, examples of ^XA include groups represented by the following formula:

[wherein, ^Xa is a single bond or a divalent organic group].

The aforementioned ^Xa represents a single bond or a divalent linking group directly bonded to the isotricyanoic acid ring. ^Xa is preferably a single bond, an alkylene group, or a divalent group containing at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, and a thioether bond. More preferably, it is a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms containing at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, and a thioether bond.

More preferably, ^Xa is a group represented by the following formula:

-(CX ¹²¹ X ¹²² ) _x1 -(X ^a1 ) _y1 -(CX ¹²³ X ¹²⁴ ) _z1 -(wherein, X ¹²¹ to X ¹²⁴ are independently H, F, OH, or -OSi(OR ¹²¹ ) ₃ (wherein, three R ¹²¹ are independently alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms),

The above-mentioned X ^a1 is -C(=O)NH-, -NHC(=O)-, -O-, -C(=O)O-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=O)O-, or -NHC(=O)NH- (the left side of each bond is bonded to CX ¹²¹ X ¹²² ),

x1 is an integer between 0 and 10, y1 is 0 or 1, and z1 is an integer between 1 and 10).

The above-mentioned X ^a1 is preferably -O- or -C(=O)O-.

The above-mentioned ^Xa is particularly preferably a group represented by the following formula:

-(CF ₂ ) _m11 -(CH ₂ ) _m12 -O-(CH ₂ ) _m13 -(wherein, m11 is an integer from 1 to 3, m12 is an integer from 1 to 3, and m13 is an integer from 1 to 3);

-(CF ₂ ) _m14 -(CH ₂ ) _m15 -O-CH ₂ CH(OH)-(CH ₂ ) _m16 -(wherein, m14 is an integer from 1 to 3, m15 is an integer from 1 to 3, and m16 is an integer from 1 to 3);

-(CF ₂ ) _m17 -(CH ₂ ) _m18 -(wherein, m17 is an integer from 1 to 3, and m18 is an integer from 1 to 3);

-(CF ₂ ) _m19 -(CH ₂ ) _m20 -O-CH ₂ CH(OSi(OCH ₃ ) ₃ )-(CH ₂ ) _m21 -(wherein, m19 is an integer from 1 to 3, m20 is an integer from 1 to 3, and m21 is an integer from 1 to 3); or,

-(CH ₂ ) _m22 - (wherein m22 is an integer from 1 to 3).

The aforementioned ^Xa is not particularly limited. Specific examples include: _-CH2- , -C2H4- _{, -C3H6-} , -C4H8-, -C4H8- _{O - CH2-} , -CO _{- O} - _CH2 -CH(OH) _-CH2- , -( _CF2 ) _n5- (n5 is an integer from 0 _to 4), -( _CF2 ) _n5- ( _CH2 ) _m5- ( _{n5 and} m5 are independently an integer from 0 to 4), _{-CF2CF2CH2OCH2CH (} OH) _{CH2- , -CF2CF2CH2OCH2CH} (OSi( _OCH3 ) ₃ ) _{CH2- , and} the _like .

In this aspect, ^XA can each independently be a divalent or trivalent organic group.

The fluoropolyether group-containing silane compound represented by formula (1) or formula (2) is not particularly limited and may have an average molecular weight of 5×10 ² to 1×10 ⁵ . Within this range, from the perspective of wear resistance, an average molecular weight of 2,000 to 32,000 is preferred, and an average molecular weight of 2,500 to 12,000 is more preferred. The "average molecular weight" refers to the number average molecular weight, and the "average molecular weight" is the value measured by ¹⁹ F-NMR.

In one embodiment, in the surface treatment agent disclosed herein, the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group is a compound represented by formula (1).

In another embodiment, in the surface treatment agent disclosed herein, the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group is a compound represented by formula (2).

In another embodiment, in the surface treatment agent disclosed herein, the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group is a compound represented by formula (1) and a compound represented by formula (2).

In the surface treatment agent disclosed herein, the compound represented by formula (2) is preferably present in an amount of 0.1 mol% to 35 mol% relative to the total of the compound represented by formula (1) and the compound represented by formula (2). The lower limit of the content of the compound represented by formula (2) relative to the total of the compound represented by formula (1) and the compound represented by formula (2) is preferably 0.1 mol%, more preferably 0.2 mol%, even more preferably 0.5 mol%, even more preferably 1 mol%, particularly preferably 2 mol%, and especially preferably 5 mol%. The upper limit of the content of the compound represented by formula (2) relative to the total of the compound represented by formula (1) and the compound represented by formula (2) is preferably 35 mol%, more preferably 30 mol%, even more preferably 20 mol%, and even more preferably 15 mol% or 10 mol%. The compound represented by formula (2) is preferably present in an amount of 0.1 mol% to 30 mol% relative to the total of the compound represented by formula (1) and the compound represented by formula (2), more preferably 0.1 mol% to 20 mol% or less, even more preferably 0.2 mol% to 10 mol% or less, still more preferably 0.5 mol% to 10 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 1 mol% to 10 mol% or less, for example, 2 mol% to 10 mol% or 5 mol% to 10 mol% or less. By setting the compound represented by formula (2) within this range, wear resistance can be further improved.

In one embodiment, the surface treatment agent disclosed herein comprises "two or more silane compounds containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2)". By including a plurality of silane compounds containing a fluoropolyether group, abrasion resistance can be further improved.

In one embodiment, the surface treatment agent disclosed herein comprises "two or more fluoropolyether group-containing silane compounds represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group selected from formulas (S1), (S2), (S3), (S4), and (S5), and is different from each other." By including fluoropolyether group-containing silane compounds having different R ^Si , abrasion resistance can be further improved.

In one embodiment, the surface treatment agent disclosed herein comprises a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S1) and a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group selected from formulas (S3), (S4), and (S5). By using the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S1) and the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group selected from formulas (S3), (S4), and (S5), the friction resistance can be further improved.

In one embodiment, the surface treatment agent disclosed herein comprises a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S1) and a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group selected from formulas (S3) and (S4). By using the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S1) and the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group selected from formulas (S3) and (S4), the friction resistance can be further improved.

In one embodiment, the surface treatment agent disclosed herein comprises a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S1) and a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S3). By using the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S1) and the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S3), the friction resistance can be further improved.

In one embodiment, the surface treatment agent disclosed herein comprises a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S1) and a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S4). By using the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S1) and the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by formula (1) or (2), wherein R ^Si is a group represented by formula (S4), the friction resistance can be further improved.

The compound represented by the above formula (1) or (2) can be obtained by a method known per se, for example, the method described in International Publication No. 97/07155, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application No. 2008-534696, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application No. 2014-218639, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application No. 2017-82194.

The content of the compound represented by formula (1) or (2) relative to the entire surface treatment agent is preferably 0.01 to 50.0 mass%, more preferably 0.1 to 30.0 mass%, even more preferably 1.0 to 25.0 mass%, and particularly preferably 5.0 to 20.0 mass%. By setting the content of the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group within the above range, higher water- and oil-repellency can be obtained.

(lower fluoroalkyl alcohol)

The aforementioned lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is a compound that can improve the wear resistance of the surface treatment layer formed by the surface treatment agent disclosed herein.

The lower fluoroalkyl alcohol preferably has a pKa of 15.0 or less, more preferably 13.0 or less, and even more preferably 12.5 or less. Such a pKa allows for the formation of a surface treatment layer with superior abrasion resistance.

The lower fluoroalkyl alcohol preferably has a pKa of 5.0 or greater, more preferably 7.0 or greater, even more preferably 8.0 or greater, and even more preferably 9.0 or greater. Such a pKa improves the storage stability of the surface treatment agent.

The lower fluoroalkyl alcohol preferably has a pKa of 5.0 to 15.0, more preferably 7.0 to 13.0, and even more preferably 9.0 to 13.0. Having such a pKa allows for the formation of a surface treatment layer with superior abrasion resistance, and also enhances the storage stability of the surface treatment agent.

The above-mentioned lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is preferably a monohydric alcohol.

The above-mentioned lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is preferably a fluoroalkyl alcohol represented by the following formula:

CRf ⁴ _n4 H _3-n4 -OH〔wherein,

Rf ⁴ is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms,

n4 is an integer from 1 to 3].

In a preferred embodiment, the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is a fluoroalkyl alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 3 carbon atoms.

In a preferred embodiment, the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is a fluoroalkyl alcohol represented by the following formula:

CRf ⁴ _n4 H _3-n4 -OH〔wherein,

Rf ⁴ is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms,

n4 is an integer from 1 to 3;

The total number of carbon atoms is 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4, and more preferably 3].

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is hexafluoropropanol or hexafluoroisopropanol.

The content of the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol per 100 parts by mass of the fluoropolyether group-containing silane compound can be 30 parts by mass or less, preferably 25 parts by mass or less, more preferably 20 parts by mass or less, for example, 15 parts by mass or less or 10 parts by mass or less. Furthermore, the content of the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol per 100 parts by mass of the fluoropolyether group-containing silane compound can be preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, even more preferably 1.0 parts by mass or more, even more preferably 3.0 parts by mass or more, and particularly preferably 10 parts by mass or more. The surface treatment agent disclosed herein, by containing such an amount of the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol, can form a surface treatment layer with enhanced abrasion resistance.

In a preferred embodiment, the content of the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol can be 0.01 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 3.0 to 20 parts by mass, and even more preferably 10 to 20 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group.

The content of the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is 0.5 to 10.0% by mass relative to the entire surface treatment agent. The surface treatment agent disclosed herein comprises the amide compound in the above-mentioned content, thereby forming a surface treatment layer having high wear resistance.

The surface treatment agent disclosed herein can impart water- and oil-repellency to the surface treatment layer due to the presence of the aforementioned silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group, and can impart high abrasion resistance to the surface treatment layer due to the presence of the aforementioned lower fluoroalkyl alcohol.

The surface treatment agent disclosed herein may include: a solvent, a (non-reactive) fluoropolyether compound which can be understood as a fluorinated oil, preferably a perfluoro(poly)ether compound (hereinafter collectively referred to as "fluorinated oil"), a (non-reactive) polysilicone compound which can be understood as a polysilicone oil (hereinafter referred to as "polysilicone oil"), an alcohol, a compatibilizer, a catalyst, a surfactant, a polymerization inhibitor, a sensitizer, etc.

Examples of the above-mentioned solvents include: aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, and mineral spirits; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, and solvent oil; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, acetic acid solvent, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, carbitol acetate, diethyl oxalate, ethyl pyruvate, ethyl 2-hydroxybutyrate, ethyl acetylacetate, amyl acetate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-methoxypropionate, methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, and ethyl 2-hydroxybutyrate; and esters such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, Ketones such as methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-hexanone, cyclohexanone, methylaminoketone, and 2-heptanone; glycol ethers such as ethyl solvent, methyl solvent, methyl solvent acetate, ethyl solvent acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, sec-butanol, 3-pentanol, octanol, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, and tert-pentanol; glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol; tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, dihydropyran, Cyclic ethers such as alkanes; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide; ether alcohols such as methyl solvent, solvent, isopropyl solvent, butyl solvent, and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether; diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate; fluorinated solvents such as 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HCFC225), ZEORORAH, HFE7100, HFE7200, and HFE7300. Alternatively, a mixture of two or more of these solvents may be used.

There is no particular limitation on fluorine-containing oils, and examples thereof include compounds represented by the following general formula (3) (perfluoro(poly)ether compounds),

Rf ⁵ -(OC ₄ F ₈ ) _a' -(OC ₃ F ₆ ) _b' -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _c' -(OCF ₂ ) _d' -Rf ⁶ ‧‧‧(3)

In the formula, ^Rf5 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms (preferably a _C1-16 perfluoroalkyl group) which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, and ^Rf6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms (preferably a _C1-16 perfluoroalkyl group) which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom. ^Rf5 and ^Rf6 are more preferably each independently a _C1-3 perfluoroalkyl group.

a', b', c', and d' each represent the number of four repeating units of the perfluoro(poly)ether constituting the main backbone of the polymer, and are independently integers from 0 to 300. The sum of a', b', c', and d' is at least 1, preferably from 1 to 300, and more preferably from 20 to 300. The order of the repeating units enclosed in parentheses and denoted by the subscripts a', b', c', or d' in the formula is arbitrary. _{In these repeating units, -(OC4F8)- can be any of -(OCF2CF2CF2CF2CF2)-, -(OCF(CF3)CF2CF2)-, -(OCF2CF(CF3)CF2 ) - , - ( OCF2CF2CF ( CF3))-, -(OC(CF3)2CF2 ) - , - ( OCF2C ( CF3} ) _{2 )} - _, -(OCF( _CF3 )CF( _CF3 ))-, -(OCF( _{C2F5 ) CF2} )-, and _{( OCF2CF} ( _C2F5 ))-, but _{preferably - ( OCF2CF2CF2CF2CF2} )- _. -(OC ₃ F ₆ )- can be any of -(OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ )-, -(OCF(CF ₃ )CF ₂ )-, and (OCF ₂ CF(CF ₃ ))-, and is preferably -(OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ )-. -(OC ₂ F ₄ )- can be any of -(OCF ₂ CF ₂ )- and (OCF(CF ₃ ))-, and is preferably -(OCF ₂ CF ₂ )-.

As examples of the perfluoro(poly)ether compound represented by the general formula (3), there can be cited compounds represented by either of the following general formulas (3a) and (3b) (which may be a mixture of one or more).

Rf ⁵ -(OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ ) _b” -Rf ⁶ ‧‧‧(3a)

Rf ⁵ -(OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ ) _a” -(OCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ ) _b” -(OCF ₂ CF ₂ ) _c” -(OCF ₂ ) _d” -Rf ⁶ ‧‧‧(3b)

In this equation, ^Rf5 and ^Rf6 are as described above; in formula (3a), b" is an integer from 1 to 100; in formula (3b), a" and b" are each independently an integer from 0 to 30, and c" and d" are each independently an integer from 1 to 300. The order of the repetitive units enclosed in parentheses and denoted by the subscripts a", b", c", and d" in the formula is arbitrary.

From another perspective, the fluorinated oil may be a compound represented by the general formula Rf ³ -F (wherein Rf ³ is a C _5-16 perfluoroalkyl group). Alternatively, it may be a chlorotrifluoroethylene oligomer.

The fluorinated oil may have an average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000. The molecular weight of the fluorinated oil can be determined using GPC.

With respect to the surface treatment agent disclosed herein, the fluorine-containing oil may be included in an amount of, for example, 0.01 to 50 mass%, preferably 0.1 to 30 mass%, for example 1 to 15 mass%.

In one embodiment, the surface treatment agent disclosed herein is substantially free of fluorinated oil. "Substantially free of fluorinated oil" means that it contains no fluorinated oil at all, or may contain a very small amount of fluorinated oil.

In one embodiment, the average molecular weight of the fluorinated oil can be greater than the average molecular weight of the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group. This average molecular weight can achieve superior wear resistance and surface smoothness, particularly when forming a surface treatment layer by vacuum evaporation.

In one embodiment, the average molecular weight of the fluorinated oil can be lower than the average molecular weight of the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group. By setting this average molecular weight, the transparency of the surface-treated layer obtained from the compound can be suppressed, and a cured product with high abrasion resistance and excellent surface smoothness can be formed.

Fluorine-containing oil helps improve the surface smoothness of the layer formed by the surface treatment agent disclosed herein.

As for the aforementioned silicone oils, linear or cyclic silicone oils with a siloxane bond number of 2,000 or less can be used. Linear silicone oils include so-called linear silicone oils and modified silicone oils. Examples of linear silicone oils include dimethyl silicone oil, methylphenyl silicone oil, and methylhydro silicone oil. Modified silicone oils include linear silicone oils modified with alkyl groups, arylalkyl groups, polyethers, higher fatty acid esters, fluoroalkyl groups, amino groups, epoxy groups, carboxyl groups, alcohols, and the like. Examples of cyclic silicone oils include cyclodimethylsiloxane oil.

In the surface treatment agent disclosed herein, the polysilicone oil may be included in an amount of, for example, 0 to 300 parts by mass, preferably 50 to 200 parts by mass, relative to a total of 100 parts by mass of the fluoropolyether group-containing silane compounds disclosed herein (the total amount when two or more types are present, and the same applies hereinafter).

Silicone oil helps improve the surface smoothness of the surface treatment layer.

The aforementioned alcohols are, for example, non-fluorinated alcohols with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and tert-butyl alcohol. Adding these alcohols to the surface treatment agent enhances the stability of the surface treatment agent and improves the compatibility of the perfluoropolyether-containing silane compound with the solvent.

Examples of the compatibilizer include fluorine-substituted alcohols such as 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol, and 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol, preferably fluorine-substituted alcohols with a terminal CF ₂ H group, fluorine-substituted aryls such as 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, and preferably fluorine-substituted benzene.

Examples of the catalyst include acids (e.g., acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, etc.), bases (e.g., ammonia, triethylamine, diethylamine, etc.), and transition metals (e.g., Ti, Ni, Sn, etc.).

The catalyst promotes the hydrolysis and dehydration condensation of the fluoropolyether-containing silane compound disclosed herein, and also promotes the formation of a layer formed by the surface treatment agent disclosed herein.

As for other ingredients, in addition to the above, examples include: tetraethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriacetoxysilane, etc.

The surface treatment agent disclosed herein can be impregnated into a porous material (e.g., a porous ceramic material) or metal fiber (e.g., steel wool fixed into a cotton-like shape) to form particles. These particles can be used, for example, in vacuum evaporation.

In addition to the aforementioned components, the surface treatment agent disclosed herein may contain impurities such as trace amounts of Pt, Rh, Ru, 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, triphenylphosphine, NaCl, KCl, and silane condensates.

The following describes the items related to this disclosure.

The article disclosed herein comprises: a substrate; and a layer formed on the surface of the substrate by the surface treatment agent disclosed herein (surface treatment layer).

The substrates that can be used in the present disclosure can be made of, for example, glass, resin (which can be natural or synthetic resin, such as common plastic materials), metal, ceramic, semiconductor (silicon, germanium, etc.), fiber (woven, non-woven, etc.), fur, leather, wood, ceramics, stone, sanitary products such as building components, or any other suitable material.

For example, when the article to be manufactured is an optical component, the material constituting the substrate surface can be a material commonly used for optical components, such as glass or transparent plastic. Furthermore, when the article to be manufactured is an optical component, a layer (or film), such as a hard coat or antireflection layer, can be formed on the surface (outermost layer) of the substrate. The antireflection layer can be either a single-layer antireflection layer or a multi-layer antireflection layer. Examples of inorganic materials that can be used in the antireflection layer include _SiO2 , SiO, ZrO2 _{, TiO2} , _TiO , _{Ti2O3 , Ti2O5, Al2O3, Ta2O5, Ta3O5, Nb2O5, HfO2, Si3N4, CeO2, MgO, Y2O3 , SnO2 , MgF2 , and WO3 . These inorganic materials can be used} alone or _in combination ₍ e.g., as a mixture). When a multi _- layer antireflection layer is provided, _SiO2 and/or _SiO are preferably used as the outermost layer. When the product is an optical glass component for a touch panel, a transparent electrode can be formed on a portion of the surface of the substrate (glass), such as a thin film made of indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide. Furthermore, depending on the specific specifications, the substrate can also have insulating layers, adhesive layers, protective layers, decorative frames (I-CON), atomized films, hard coat layers, polarizing films, retardation films, and liquid crystal display modules.

The shape of the substrate is not particularly limited and may be, for example, a plate, film, or other form. Furthermore, the surface area of the substrate where the surface treatment layer is to be formed only needs to be at least a portion of the substrate surface and can be appropriately determined based on the intended use and specific specifications of the product being manufactured.

In one embodiment, as for the substrate, at least a portion of its surface may be made of a material that originally has a hydroxyl group. Examples of such materials include glass, and examples include metals (especially base metals), ceramics, semiconductors, etc., with natural oxide films or thermal oxide films formed on their surfaces. Alternatively, when the substrate has insufficient hydroxyl groups, or when the substrate originally does not have hydroxyl groups, a certain pretreatment may be applied to the substrate to introduce or increase hydroxyl groups on the substrate surface. Examples of such pretreatments include plasma treatment (e.g., coma discharge) or ion beam irradiation. Plasma treatment is also suitable for introducing or increasing hydroxyl groups on the substrate surface and for cleaning the substrate surface (removing foreign matter, etc.). Another example of this pretreatment method is to form an interfacial adsorbent having carbon-carbon unsaturated bond groups in the form of a monolayer on the substrate surface using the Langmuir-Blodgett method (LB method) or chemical adsorption, and then cleave the unsaturated bonds in an environment containing oxygen or nitrogen.

In another aspect, at least a surface portion of the substrate may be composed of a polysiloxane having one or more reactive groups (e.g., Si-H groups) or a material containing an alkoxysilane.

In a preferred embodiment, the substrate is glass. The glass is preferably sapphire glass, sodium calcium glass, alkali aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, crystallized glass, or quartz glass. Chemically strengthened sodium calcium glass, chemically strengthened alkali aluminosilicate glass, and chemically bonded borosilicate glass are particularly preferred.

The article disclosed herein can be manufactured by forming a layer of the surface treatment agent disclosed herein on the surface of the substrate and then post-treating the layer as needed. Thus, a layer can be formed using the surface treatment agent disclosed herein.

The surface treatment agent layer disclosed herein can be formed by applying the surface treatment agent to the surface of a substrate to coat the surface. The coating method is not particularly limited. For example, wet coating and dry coating methods can be used.

Examples of wet coating methods include dip coating, spin coating, flow coating, spray coating, roll coating, gravure coating, and similar methods.

Examples of dry coating methods include evaporation (usually vacuum evaporation), sputtering, CVD, and similar methods. Specific examples of evaporation methods (usually vacuum evaporation) include methods using resistance heating, electron beams, high-frequency heating such as microwaves, ion beams, and similar methods. Specific examples of CVD methods include plasma-CVD, optical CVD, thermal CVD, and similar methods.

Furthermore, coating can also be performed using the atmospheric pressure plasma method.

When using the wet coating method, the surface treatment agent disclosed herein can be diluted with a solvent and then applied to the substrate surface. From the perspective of the stability of the composition of the present disclosure and the volatility of the solvent, the following solvents are preferably used: perfluoroaliphatic hydrocarbons having 5 to 12 carbon atoms (e.g., perfluorohexane, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, and perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane); polyfluoroaromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene); polyfluoroaliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., C ₆ F ₁₃ CH ₂ CH ₃ (e.g., ASAHIKLIN (registered trademark) AC-6000 manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane (e.g., ZEORORA (registered trademark) H manufactured by ZEON Co., Ltd. of Japan); hydrofluoroethers (HFE) (e.g., perfluoropropyl methyl ether (C ₃ F ₇ OCH ₃ ) (e.g., Novec (trademark) 7000 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.), perfluorobutyl methyl ether (C ₄ F ₉ OCH ₃ ) (e.g., Novec (trademark) 7100 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.), perfluorobutyl ethyl ether (C ₄ F ₉ OC ₂ H ₅ ) (e.g., Novec (trademark) 7200 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.), perfluorohexyl methyl ether (C ₂ F ₅ CF(OCH ₃ )C ₃ F ₇ ) (e.g., Novec (trademark) 7300 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.), etc., alkyl perfluoroalkyl ethers (the perfluoroalkyl group and the alkyl group may be linear or branched), or CF ₃ CH ₂ OCF ₂ CHF ₂ (For example, ASAHIKLIN (registered trademark) AE-3000 manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) These solvents can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. Among them, hydrofluoroethers are preferred, with perfluorobutyl methyl ether (C ₄ F ₉ OCH ₃ ) and/or perfluorobutyl ethyl ether (C ₄ F ₉ OC ₂ H ₅ ) being particularly preferred.

When using the dry coating method, the surface treatment agent disclosed herein can be supplied directly to the dry coating method, or it can be diluted with the above-mentioned solvent before being supplied to the dry coating method.

The surface treatment agent layer is preferably formed by combining the surface treatment agent disclosed herein with a catalyst for hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. Conveniently, when using a wet coating method, the catalyst can be added to the diluted surface treatment agent after it is diluted with a solvent and immediately before application to the substrate surface. When using a dry coating method, the surface treatment agent disclosed herein, after the catalyst has been added, can be directly subjected to evaporation (typically vacuum evaporation), or granules prepared by impregnating the surface treatment agent disclosed herein with a catalyst into a porous metal such as iron or copper can be subjected to evaporation (typically vacuum evaporation).

Any suitable acid or base can be used as the catalyst. Examples of acid catalysts include acetic acid, formic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid. Examples of alkaline catalysts include ammonia and organic amines.

The surface treatment layer included in the article disclosed herein exhibits both high wear resistance and excellent abrasion resistance. Furthermore, depending on the composition of the surface treatment agent used, this surface treatment layer may also exhibit water repellency, oil repellency, antifouling properties (e.g., preventing fingerprints and other dirt from adhering), water repellency (preventing water from penetrating electronic components), surface smoothness (or lubricity, such as the ability to wipe away fingerprints and other dirt, or providing a pleasant feel to the touch), and chemical resistance, making it suitable for use as a functional film.

Therefore, the present disclosure also relates to an optical material having the above-mentioned surface treatment layer on the outermost layer.

Optical materials, in addition to the display-related optical materials exemplified below, are preferably a variety of optical materials: for example, materials used in cathode ray tubes (CRTs; for example, personal computer monitors), liquid crystal displays, plasma displays, organic EL displays, inorganic thin-film EL dot matrix displays, rear projection displays, fluorescent tubes (VFDs), field emission displays (FEDs), and other displays, or in protective plates for such displays, or materials having an anti-reflection coating applied to their surfaces.

The articles disclosed herein are not particularly limited and may be optical components. Examples of optical components include: lenses for glasses, etc.; front protective plates, anti-reflective plates, polarizing plates, and anti-glare plates for displays such as PDPs and LCDs; touch panels for mobile phones and mobile information terminals; the optical surfaces of Blu-ray discs, DVDs, CD-Rs, MOs, etc.; optical fibers; and the display surface of watches.

Furthermore, the article disclosed herein may be a medical device or medical material.

The thickness of the above layer is not particularly limited. In the case of optical components, from the perspectives of optical performance, abrasion resistance, and antifouling properties, the thickness of the above layer is preferably in the range of 1 to 50 nm, 1 to 30 nm, and more preferably 1 to 15 nm.

The above details the articles disclosed herein. Furthermore, the articles disclosed herein and their manufacturing methods are not limited to the examples described above.

[Example]

The following examples illustrate the articles of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure is not limited to the following examples. Furthermore, in these examples, the order of the repeating units constituting the fluoropolyether is arbitrary, and the chemical formula shown below represents the average composition.

Prepare the following compound as a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group.

Compound (A):

(m≒21, n≒35) (Also, the average composition contains 0.27 repeating units of (CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ O) and 0.42 repeating units of (CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ O), but these are omitted due to their trace amounts. Also, 3.2% of a compound having -C(CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ Si(OCH ₃ ) ₃ ) at both terminals is contained, but these are omitted due to their trace amounts).

Compound (B);

(m≒26, n≒24) (Also, the average composition contains 1.32 repeating units of (CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ O) and 0.70 repeating units of (CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ O), but these are omitted due to their trace amounts. Also, 8.0% of a compound having -N(CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ Si(OCH ₃ ) ₃ ) ₂ at both ends is contained, but these are omitted due to their trace amounts).

Compound (C):

(n≒20, t=1 to 6, average approximately 3)

Compound (D): CF ₃ (OCF ₂ CF ₂ ) _m (OCF ₂ ) _n OCF ₃

(m≒22, n≒21)

(Preparation of diluent)

As for the diluent (X) for the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group, the aforementioned compound (A), compound (B), compound (C), and compound (D) were dissolved in hydrofluoric acid (3M Company, NOVEC HFE-7200) to a concentration of 20% by mass, thereby preparing diluents (X1), (X2), (X3), and (X4).

As for the alcohol diluent (Y), pentafluoropropanol, hexafluoroisopropanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were dissolved in hydrofluoric acid (3M, NOVEC HFE-7200) to a concentration of 20% by mass, and diluents (Y1), (Y2), (Y3), and (Y4) were prepared.

As for the diluent (X) for the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group, the aforementioned compound (A), compound (B), compound (C), and compound (D) were dissolved in hydrofluoric acid (3M Company, NOVEC HFE-7200) to a concentration of 0.1 mass %, thereby preparing diluents (X5), (X6), (X7), and (X8).

As for the alcohol diluent (Y), pentafluoropropanol, hexafluoroisopropanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were dissolved in hydrofluoric acid (3M, NOVEC HFE-7200) to a concentration of 0.1% by mass to prepare diluents (Y5), (Y6), (Y7), and (Y8).

(Preparation of surface treatment agent 1)

Surface treatment agents 1 to 9 were prepared by mixing diluent (X) and diluent (Y) in the ratios shown in Table 1 below. Surface treatment agents 1 to 5 are examples, and surface treatment agents 6 to 9 are comparative examples.

[Table 1]

(Formation of surface treatment layer)

The surface treatment agents 1 to 9 prepared above were vacuum-deposited onto chemically strengthened glass (Gorilla Glass, manufactured by CORNING, thickness 0.7 mm). The vacuum deposition method was performed using a resistance heating evaporator (manufactured by SHINCRON) with a chamber size of 1,900 mm. , vacuum 5.0E-05, current 240A, voltage 10V, substrate temperature 40°C. Next, the evaporated chemically strengthened glass was placed at 150°C for 30 minutes and then allowed to cool to room temperature to form a surface treatment layer on the glass substrate.

(Evaluation of surface treatment layer characteristics)

The properties of the resulting surface treatment layer were evaluated as follows. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

<Static contact angle>

(Initial Assessment)

For initial evaluation, the static contact angle of water is measured after the surface treatment layer is formed and before any contact is made with the surface.

(SW abrasion resistance test)

SW: (Bonstar Steel Cotton, #0000)

Ground contact area: 10mm

Travel distance (one way): 60mm

Movement speed: 60 cycles/minute

Load: 1kgf

[Table 2]

(Preparation of surface treatment agent 2)

Surface treatment agents 10 to 16 were prepared by mixing diluent (X) and diluent (Y) in the ratios shown in Table 3 below. Surface treatment agents 10 to 12 are examples, and surface treatment agents 13 to 16 are comparative examples.

[Table 3]

(Formation of surface treatment layer 2)

After plasma cleaning the substrate glass until the water contact angle is below 10°, the diluted solution is applied to the glass using a two-fluid nozzle at a coating weight of 48g/ ^m² . After application, the surface is aged at 150°C for 30 minutes to form a surface treatment layer.

(Evaluation of surface treatment layer characteristics)

The properties of the resulting surface treatment layer were evaluated in the same manner as above. The results are shown in Table 4 below.

[Table 4]

[Industrial Availability]

The article disclosed herein can be used in a variety of applications, such as optical components for touch panels.

Claims (25)

A surface treatment agent comprises: a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group and a lower fluoroalkyl alcohol; wherein the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group is at least one silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group represented by the following formula (1) or (2): wherein, ^RF1 is independently ^Rf1 - ^RF - _Oq- at each occurrence; ^RF2 is ^-Rf2p - _RF ^- _Oq- ; ^Rf1 is independently _C1-16 alkyl which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms at each occurrence; ^Rf2 is _C1-6 alkylene which may be substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; ^RF is independently a divalent fluoropolyether group at each occurrence; p is 0 or 1; q is independently 0 or 1 at each occurrence; ^RSi is independently a monovalent group comprising a Si atom bonded to a hydroxyl group, a hydrolyzable group, a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent organic group; at least one ^RSi is a monovalent group comprising a Si atom bonded to a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group; X ^A is independently a single bond or a 2- to 10-valent organic group; α is an integer from 1 to 9; β is an integer from 1 to 9; γ is independently an integer from 1 to 9; the aforementioned lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is a fluoroalkyl alcohol represented by the following formula: ^CRf4n4H3 _-n4 -OH wherein ^Rf4 is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and n4 is an integer from 1 to 3; the content of _the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is not less than 0.01 parts by mass and not more than 30 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the aforementioned silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group. The surface treatment agent of claim 1, wherein each occurrence of ^Rf1 is independently a _C1-16 perfluoroalkyl group, and each occurrence of ^Rf2 is independently a _C1-6 perfluoroalkylene group. The surface treatment agent of claim 1 or 2, wherein R ^F is independently represented by the following formula at each occurrence: -(OC ₆ F ₁₂ ) _a -(OC ₅ F ₁₀ ) _b -(OC ₄ F ₈ ) _c -(OC ₃ R ^Fa ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e -(OCF ₂ ) _f - wherein R ^Fa is independently represented by a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom at each occurrence; a, b, c, d, e, and f are independently represented by an integer from 0 to 200, and the sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is 1 or more; the order of the repetition units marked with a, b, c, d, e, or f and enclosed in parentheses is arbitrary in the formula; provided that, when all R When ^Fa is a hydrogen atom or a chlorine atom, at least one of a, b, c, e and f is 1 or more. The surface treatment agent as described in claim 3, wherein R ^Fa is a fluorine atom. The surface treatment agent of claim 1 or 2, wherein ^RF is independently represented by the following formula (f1), (f2), (f3), (f4), (f5) or (f6) at each occurrence: -(OC ₃ F ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e - (f1) wherein d is an integer from 1 to 200, and e is 0 or 1; -(OC ₄ F ₈ ) _c -(OC ₃ F ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e -(OCF ₂ ) _f - (f2) wherein c and d are independently integers from 0 to 30; e and f are independently integers from 1 to 200; and the sum of c, d, e and f is an integer from 10 to 200; The order of presence of the repeating units marked with the subscript c, d, e or f and enclosed in brackets in the formula is arbitrary; -(R ⁶ -R ⁷ ) _g - (f3) wherein R ⁶ is OCF ₂ or OC ₂ F ₄ ; R ⁷ is a group selected from OC ₂ F ₄ , OC ₃ F ₆ , OC ₄ F ₈ , OC ₅ F ₁₀ and OC ₆ F ₁₂ , or a combination of 2 or 3 groups selected from these groups; g is an integer from 2 to 100; -(R ⁶ -R ⁷ ) _g -R ^r -(R ^7' -R ^6' ) _g' - (f4) wherein R ⁶ is OCF ₂ or OC ₂ F ₄ ; R ⁷ is a group selected from OC ₂ F ₄ , OC ₃ F ₆ , OC ₄ F ₈ , OC ₅ F R ^6' is OCF ₂ or OC ₂ F ₄ ; R ^7' is a group selected from OC ₂ F ₄ , _{OC 3} F 6 , OC ₄ F ₈ , OC ₅ F ₁₀ and OC ₆ F ₁₂ , or a combination of 2 or ₃ groups independently selected from these groups; g is an integer from 2 to ₁₀₀ ; _g ' is an integer from 2 to 100; R ^r is ; In the formula, * represents the bond position; -(OC ₆ F ₁₂ ) _a -(OC ₅ F ₁₀ ) _b -(OC ₄ F ₈ ) _c -(OC ₃ F ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e -(OCF ₂ ) _f - (f5) In the formula, e is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 200, a, b, c, d, and f are each independently an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 200, and the order of the repetition units marked with a, b, c, d, e, or f and enclosed in parentheses in the formula is arbitrary; -(OC ₆ F ₁₂ ) _a -(OC ₅ F ₁₀ ) _b -(OC ₄ F ₈ ) _c -(OC ₃ F ₆ ) _d -(OC ₂ F ₄ ) _e -(OCF ₂ ) _f - (f5) In the formula, f is an integer from 1 to 200, a, b, c, d, and e are each independently an integer from 0 to 200, and the order of the repetitive units enclosed in parentheses and labeled a, b, c, d, e, or f in the formula is arbitrary. The surface treatment agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R ^Si is a group represented by the following formula (S1), (S2), (S3), (S4) or (S5), wherein R ¹¹ is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group at each occurrence; R ¹² is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group at each occurrence; n1 is independently an integer from 0 to 3 in each (SiR ¹¹ _n1 R ¹² _3-n1 ) unit; X ¹¹ is independently a single bond or a divalent organic group at each occurrence; R ¹³ is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group at each occurrence; t is independently an integer greater than 2 at each occurrence; R ¹⁴ is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or -X ¹¹ -SiR ¹¹ _n1 R ¹² _3-n1 ; R ¹⁵ is independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R ^a1 is independently -Z ¹ -SiR ²¹ _p1 R ²² _q1 R ²³ _r1 ; Z ¹ is independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group at each occurrence; R ²¹ is independently -Z ^1' -SiR ^21' _p1' R ^22' _q1' R ^23' _r1' at each occurrence; R ²² is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group at each occurrence; R ²³ is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group at each occurrence; p1 is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; q1 is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; r1 is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; in the SiR ²¹ _p1 R ²² _q1 R ²³ _r1 unit, the total of p1, q1 and r1 is 3; Z ^1' is independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group at each occurrence; R ^21' is independently -Z ^1" -SiR ^22" _q1" R ^23" _r1" at each occurrence; R ^22' is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group at each occurrence; R ^23' is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group at each occurrence; p1' is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; q1' is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; r1' is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; in SiR In the SiR ^21' _p1' R ^22' _q1' R ^23' _r1' unit, the total of p1', q1', and r1' is 3; Z ^1" is independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group at each occurrence; R ^22" is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group at each occurrence; R ^23" is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group at each occurrence; q1" is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; r1" is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; in the SiR ^22" _q1" R ^23" _r1" unit, the total of q1" and r1" is 3; R ^b1 is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group at each occurrence; R ^c1 is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group at each occurrence; k1 is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; l1 is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; m1 is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; in the SiR ^a1 _k1 R ^b1 _l1 R ^c1 _m1 unit, the total of k1, l1 and m1 is 3; R ^d1 is independently -Z ² -CR ³¹ _p2 R ³² _q2 R ³³ _r2 at each occurrence; Z ² is independently a single bond, an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group at each occurrence; R ³¹ is independently -Z ^2' -CR ^32' _q2' R ^33' _r2' at each occurrence; R ³² is independently -Z ³ -SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 ; R ³³ is independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a monovalent organic group at each occurrence; p2 is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; q2 is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; r2 is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; in the SiR ³¹ _p2 R ³² _q2 R ³³ _r2 unit, the total of p2, q2 and r2 is 3; Z ^2' is independently a single bond, an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group at each occurrence; R ^32' is independently -Z ³ -SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 ; R ^33' is independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group at each occurrence; q2' is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; r2' is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; in the SiR ^32' _q2' R ^33' _r2' unit, the total of q2' and r2' is 3; Z ³ is independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group at each occurrence; R ³⁴ is independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group at each occurrence; R ³⁵ is independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group at each occurrence; n2 is independently an integer from 0 to 3 at each occurrence; R ^e1 is independently -Z ³ -SiR ³⁴ _n2 R ³⁵ _3-n2 at each occurrence; R ^f1, at each occurrence, independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group; k2, at each occurrence, independently represents an integer from 0 to 3; l2, at each occurrence, independently represents an integer from 0 to 3; m2, at each occurrence, independently represents an integer from 0 to 3; in the unit CR ^d1 _k2 R ^e1 _l2 R ^f1 _m2 , the total of k2, l2, and m2 is 3; R ^g1 and R ^h1 , at each occurrence, independently represent -Z ⁴ -SiR ¹¹ _n1 R ¹² _3-n1 , -Z ⁴ -SiR ^a1 _k1 R ^b1 _l1 R ^c1 _m1 , or -Z ⁴ -CR ^d1 _k2 R ^e1 _l2 R ^f1 _m2 ; Z ^4, at each occurrence, independently represents a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group; However, in formulas (S1), (S2), (S3), (S4) and (S5), there is at least one Si atom bonded to a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group. The surface treatment agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein α, β, and γ are 1. The surface treatment agent as described in claim 6, wherein R ^Si is formula (S3), (S4) or (S5). The surface treatment agent as described in claim 6, wherein R ^Si is represented by formula (S3). The surface treatment agent as described in claim 6 comprises: R ^Si is a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group of formula (S1), and R ^Si is a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group of formula (S3), (S4) or (S5). The surface treatment agent as described in claim 6 comprises: R ^Si is a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group of formula (S1), and R ^Si is a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group of formula (S3). The surface treatment agent as described in claim 6 comprises: R ^Si is a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group of formula (S1), and R ^Si is a silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group of formula (S4). The surface treatment agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is 0.1 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group. The surface treatment agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is 3.0 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the silane compound containing a fluoropolyether group. The surface treatment agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is a fluoroalkyl alcohol having a pKa of 15.0 or less. The surface treatment agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is a fluoroalkyl alcohol having a pKa of 5.0 to 15.0. The surface treatment agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is a fluoroalkyl alcohol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. The surface treatment agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lower fluoroalkyl alcohol is hexafluoropropanol or hexafluoroisopropanol. The surface treatment agent as described in claim 1 or 2, further comprising: one or more other ingredients selected from fluorinated oil, polysilicone oil, and a catalyst. The surface treatment agent as described in claim 1 or 2, further comprising: a solvent. The surface treatment agent as described in claim 1 or 2, which is used as an antifouling coating or a waterproof coating. A particle comprising: the surface treatment agent according to any one of claims 1 to 21. An article with a surface treatment layer comprises: a substrate; and a layer formed on the substrate by the surface treatment agent described in any one of claims 1 to 21. The article with a surface treatment layer as described in claim 23, wherein the substrate is a glass substrate. The article with a surface treatment layer as described in claim 23 is an optical component.