TWI880165B - On-site earthquake early warning system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

An on-site seismic prediction and warning system has efficacies of determining earthquakes and estimating seismic wave intensity. The system includes a seismic detection configuration, an estimation module, and a judging module. The seismic detection configuration generates a first signal in response to a first vibration event and a second signal in response to a second vibration event. The estimation module estimates a real-time seismic shear-wave feature estimation value according to the first signal. The judging module simultaneously receives the first signal and the second signal to determine whether there is a seismic event, and the system transmits the real-time seismic shear-wave feature estimation value when determining that the seismic event exists.

Description

On-site earthquake warning system and method

The present invention relates to an early warning system and method, including a system and method for determining earthquakes and estimating seismic wave intensity.

Earthquakes cause disasters of varying degrees in many areas, so earthquake prediction technology is highly valued. Patent Publication No. I661214 of the Republic of China proposes an on-site earthquake early warning system and related methods for automatically correcting ground characteristics. It is necessary to consider the characteristic parameters of the first-arrival wave (longitudinal wave) measured by a single station or seismometer, as well as the ground conditions and ground parameters of the station. The characteristic parameters of the first-arrival wave (longitudinal wave, also known as P wave) are automatically corrected by an information analysis algorithm, and the maximum surface acceleration (peak ground acceleration, PGA) generated by the more destructive shear wave (transverse wave, also known as S wave) is further estimated.

Patent Publication No. I444648 of the Republic of China proposes a seismic data analysis technology that uses a neural network-like module to perform real-time analysis of local earthquakes, based on the longitudinal waves of the earthquake detected at the detection site, to predict the size of the transverse wave of the earthquake reaching the detection site. The patent discloses a method of using 11 physical quantities as the original physical quantity target values to obtain the required earthquake prediction model based on historical earthquake data. Such a model requires sufficient time for real-time calculation to estimate the characteristic parameters of the transverse wave.

The Republic of China Patent Publication No. I459019 proposes a real-time analysis system for earthquakes in situ, which only analyzes a longitudinal wave detected at a single detection point in real time to predict a transverse wave of the earthquake at the detection point. This system needs to calculate an epicenter distance based on the peak surface displacement and the earthquake scale, and calculate the peak surface acceleration of the earthquake's transverse wave at the detection point based on the earthquake scale, epicenter, and distance.

The above-known earthquake early warning technologies lack a system and method for comprehensively judging earthquakes and estimating seismic wave intensity, and it is difficult to integrate various technologies to achieve real-time and comprehensive processing of earthquake-related measurement data.

The present invention proposes a system and method that can instantly determine the presence of an earthquake event and accurately estimate the magnitude of an earthquake.

Accordingly, the present invention proposes a field-based earthquake early warning system, comprising an earthquake detection configuration, an estimation module, and a judgment module. The earthquake detection configuration generates a first signal in response to a first vibration event, and generates a second signal in response to a second vibration event. The estimation module estimates a real-time earthquake shear wave estimation characteristic value based on the first signal, and the judgment module synchronously receives the first signal and the second signal to determine whether there is an earthquake event. When it is determined that the earthquake event exists, the system sends the real-time earthquake shear wave estimation characteristic value.

According to the above concept, the present invention proposes a method for on-site earthquake judgment and estimation of earthquake wave intensity, comprising the following steps: receiving a first signal generated in response to a first vibration event and a second signal generated in response to a second vibration event; judging whether an earthquake event exists according to the first and second signals; estimating a real-time earthquake shear wave estimation characteristic value according to the first signal; and sending the real-time earthquake shear wave estimation characteristic value when it is judged that the earthquake event exists.

The on-site earthquake judgment and earthquake wave intensity estimation system and method proposed by the present invention can improve the timeliness and comprehensiveness of earthquake warning and is suitable for wide application in various regions, which is helpful for earthquake warning and prevention and has industrial applicability.

10: System

101: Earthquake detection configuration

1010: Main sensor

1011: Auxiliary sensor

102: Computation module

1022:Estimation module

1021: Judgment module

EEV2: Earthquake event identification signal

ESV2: Real-time earthquake shear wave estimated eigenvalue

PW1: First vibration wave

PW2: Second vibration wave

PM1: First vibration event

PM2: Second vibration event

S1: First signal

S2: Second signal

S203~S206: One-time implementation steps

30: Earthquake judgment

300: Start

301: Are the main sensor and auxiliary sensor triggered at the same time?

301Y: Detect an earthquake and send an earthquake indication signal

301N: It is determined that no earthquake has occurred and no earthquake indication signal will be sent.

DS: Remote signal source, remote auxiliary seismic detection system

M: Host

FF: Free field

FFS: Free field sensor, main sensor

C-sys: Another earthquake detection system

SS1: First auxiliary sensor

SS2: Second auxiliary sensor

SS3: Third auxiliary sensor

SS4: Fourth auxiliary sensor

SSn; nth auxiliary sensor

60: Earthquake judgment

600: Start

601: Are the main sensor and auxiliary sensor triggered at the same time?

601Y: Detect an earthquake and send an earthquake indication signal

601N: It is determined that an earthquake has not occurred and no earthquake indication signal will be sent.

FFS1: Ground sensor

D: Depth of deep well

SC:Structure

SCS1: Structural Sensor

US1: Deep well sensor

This case can be explained in detail through the following diagrams for a deeper understanding:

Figure 1: is a schematic diagram of a single implementation of the system for determining earthquakes based on the local type and estimating the intensity of seismic waves of the present invention.

Figure 2: is a schematic diagram of a single implementation of the method for determining earthquakes and estimating seismic wave intensity of the present invention.

Figure 3: is a block diagram of an earthquake determination implementation example of the present invention.

Figure 4: is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the combined configuration of the free field and remote signal source and its earthquake detection system of the present invention.

Figure 5: is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the combined configuration of the free field and remote signal source and its earthquake detection system of the present invention.

Figure 6: is a block diagram of an earthquake determination implementation example of the present invention.

Figure 7: is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the free field, structure and deep well sensor combined with a remote signal source and its seismic detection system of the present invention.

The present invention can be fully understood by the following embodiments, so that people familiar with the art can complete it accordingly. However, the implementation of the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments.

In the present disclosure, a field-based earthquake early warning station may include a sensor and a computing module.

Please refer to the first figure, which is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the system 10 for determining earthquakes and estimating seismic wave intensity based on terrain shape of the present invention in a single operation (i.e., monitoring and estimation can actually be performed repeatedly and continuously in real time). The system 10 includes a seismic detection configuration 101 and a computing module 102. The seismic detection configuration 101 detects vibration waves PW1/PW2 at different locations in the same area. According to one embodiment, the seismic detection configuration 101 includes a main sensor 1010 and an auxiliary sensor 1011 located at different detection points. Among them, the auxiliary sensors mentioned in this case can all be designed to increase the decision accuracy of the seismic detection system, and in some embodiments, they can also replace the function of the main detector when the main detector is disabled.

Those skilled in the art understand that when an earthquake occurs, the main sensor 1010 and the auxiliary sensor 1011 disposed at different locations in the same area will almost sense vibrations at the same time. The main sensor 1010 and the auxiliary sensor 1011 generate a first signal S1 and a second signal S2 in response to the first vibration wave PW1 and the second vibration wave PW2 generated by the first vibration event PM1 and the second vibration event PM2, respectively. These signals are sent to the computing module 102 at the same time. The main sensor 1010 described here is mainly used to detect various vibrations caused by earthquakes, such as longitudinal waves or transverse waves, and the second signal S2 of the auxiliary sensor 1011 can be used to determine whether the first vibration wave PW1 detected by the main sensor 1010 is generated by the same earthquake event. According to different embodiments, the auxiliary sensor 1011 may include a set of sensing elements (not shown), which are within the scope of the present invention.

According to one embodiment, the computing module 102 includes a judgment module 1021 and an estimation module 1022. The judgment module 1021 receives the first and second signals S1/S2 and judges whether an earthquake event exists. Professionals in the field can understand that when an earthquake occurs, the main sensor 1010 and the auxiliary sensor 1011 configured at different locations in the same area will almost simultaneously sense vibrations with very similar timing and magnitude, so by comparing the common correlation between the first and second signals S1/S2, it can be determined whether an earthquake has occurred. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first signal S1 is synchronously transmitted to the judgment module 1021 and the estimation module 1022, and the second signal S2 is transmitted to the judgment module 1021, so that these two functionally independent modules can synchronously execute their respective tasks. According to one embodiment, the judgment module 1021 sends an earthquake event judgment signal EEV2 to indicate whether an earthquake event exists. For example, if the earthquake event judgment signal EEV2 is 1, it indicates that the judgment result indicates that an earthquake event exists. The judgment module 1021 provides an instant judgment on whether an earthquake event exists, which can avoid the occurrence of false alarms caused by erroneous messages.

The estimation module 1022 receives the first signal S1 and estimates the real-time earthquake shear wave estimated characteristic value ESV2 of the upcoming earthquake shear wave. According to one embodiment, the first signal S1 includes longitudinal wave acceleration data in all directions of the surface, such as acceleration data in at least one of the horizontal direction or the vertical direction, and the real-time earthquake shear wave estimated characteristic value includes a maximum surface acceleration value and a maximum surface velocity value. This characteristic parameter is usually regarded as an important indicator for measuring the magnitude of the earthquake by various countries.

Referring to the first figure again, when the earthquake event identification signal EEV2 sent by the judgment module 1021 indicates the existence of an earthquake event, the calculation module 102 can send the real-time earthquake shear wave estimated characteristic value ESV2 to the preset unit to provide earthquake warning. Since the judgment module 1021 and the estimation module 1022 in the calculation module 102 operate in parallel, the earthquake warning message (such as the real-time earthquake shear wave estimated characteristic value ESV2) can be provided to each unit in the area in a short time to perform disaster prevention actions.

According to another viewpoint, referring to the second figure and the first figure, a method for determining earthquakes and estimating seismic wave intensity in a single operation is shown, which includes the following steps. When an earthquake or a similar event occurs, the earthquake determination method proposed in the embodiment of the present invention can receive a first signal S1 generated in response to a first vibration event PM1 and a second signal S2 generated in response to a second vibration event PM2 through an appropriate device (step S203). It should be noted that the first and second signals S1/S2 come from earthquake detection devices at different locations, and can detect vibration waves generated by earthquakes. If the first and second vibration events PM1/PM2 are derived from earthquake events, then the first and second signals S1/S2 measured by the earthquake detection devices at different locations should have similar properties, or the data such as the time and amplitude of the surface vibration should be closely related. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention can determine whether there is an earthquake event based on the first and second signals S1/S2 (step S204). This can avoid misjudging ordinary surface vibration events as earthquakes, or even triggering false alarms.

The method for judging the local type of earthquake and estimating the seismic wave intensity of the embodiment of the present invention is to simultaneously judge whether it is an earthquake event and estimate the magnitude of the earthquake. That is, while performing step S204, the estimation module 1022 can be used to estimate a real-time earthquake shear wave estimated characteristic value ESV2 (step S205) based on the first signal S1, but it is not limited to estimating the maximum surface acceleration value caused by the shear wave based on the acceleration-related parameters of the longitudinal wave; when the method of step S204 is used to judge the existence of an earthquake event, the real-time earthquake shear wave estimated characteristic value ESV2 is immediately sent (step S206).

Since step S204 and step S205 are operated synchronously, compared with the method of performing estimation and judgment in advance or in succession, earthquake warning information (such as real-time earthquake shear wave estimated characteristic value ESV2) can be provided to various units in the region to perform disaster prevention actions in a shorter time. Moreover, no matter what the real-time earthquake shear wave estimated characteristic value ESV2 estimated by step S205 is, if the judgment result of step S204 is not an earthquake event, the estimated value will not be sent out to avoid triggering false alarms. Therefore, the overall comprehensiveness of the early warning system adopting this implementation method can also be effectively improved.

Please refer to the third figure, which discloses earthquake judgment 30, step 300: start. It means that after the system test is completed, each sensor and the host (not disclosed in the third figure) are in a normal boot and power-on state. Then, step 301 is performed: whether the main sensor and the remote signal source simultaneously make the host confirm that there is an earthquake. This step refers to a judgment step. If the main sensor and the remote signal source simultaneously make the host confirm that there is an earthquake, then enter step 301Y: judge that an earthquake has occurred and send an earthquake indication signal. If the main sensor and the remote signal source do not simultaneously make the host confirm that there is an earthquake, then enter step 301N: judge that an earthquake has not occurred and do not send an earthquake indication signal. The simultaneous triggering mentioned here actually refers to triggering within a specific time period, which is six seconds, but can also be changed in length. Furthermore, the remote signal source is connected to the host through the network and transmits a remote signal to the host. If the remote signal source is an auxiliary sensor, the remote signal is a measurement value, which is then calculated by the host to obtain an acceleration signal, a velocity signal, or a displacement signal. If the remote signal source is an auxiliary seismic detection system, the remote signal is a trigger signal.

Please refer to the fourth figure, which is a schematic diagram of the combined configuration of the free field and the remote signal source and the earthquake detection system of the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that there are two types of sensor settings and connection methods. First, a free field sensor FFS (main sensor) is set in the free field FF (free field). The free field FF generally includes the space from the surface to within two meters below the surface for setting. In addition, a host M can be set on the free field FF. The host also includes a computing unit, a transmission or communication interface, etc. (not disclosed in the figure). The host M can also be set outdoors or in a structure in a protected area (not disclosed in the figure). Sensors are sometimes susceptible to interference from non-earthquake, artificial vibrations, such as vibrations generated by rail vehicles. Usually, such vibrations have large amplitudes, low frequencies, and strong penetration. Therefore, to avoid these interferences, the sensors must be set far enough away. However, since the signal lines of the sensors transmit analog signals, the signal strength is greatly attenuated as the distance increases. Therefore, when the distance of the auxiliary sensors set up to avoid the above-mentioned interferences is more than hundreds of meters, the sensing signals of the auxiliary sensors can be transmitted through the network to avoid the influence of the signal attenuation of the physical line.

Please continue to refer to the fourth figure, in which the remote signal source can also be another seismic detection system C-sys, that is, it has its own host as a remote system, that is, the remote signal source is a seismic sensing signal source from a remote place, which can come from a sensor, which is an auxiliary sensor relative to the local (on-site); it can also come from a seismic detection system, which is a remote auxiliary seismic detection system C-sys relative to the local (on-site). When the remote signal source is a remote auxiliary seismic detection system C-sys, the remote signal transmitted to the outside is a trigger signal. The use of remote signal sources is when the area where the main sensor is installed is not deep enough to install auxiliary sensors at a slightly farther horizontal distance, or to install deep well sensors. If there are vibration sources in the artificial structures within the protected area, such as the rail vehicles in this case, structural sensors cannot be used, especially structural sensors cannot be installed on elevated rails or tunnel structures. If there are such inappropriate places, remote signal sources can be used.

In addition, the remote signal source can serve as a backup when other sensors are severely interfered by noise. As shown in Figure 4, rail vehicles on the surface or underground sometimes generate relatively low-frequency vibrations, which have stronger penetration and farther. Therefore, even if deep well sensors are used, they may still be seriously interfered by noise. Therefore, in addition to the main sensor FFS in the general setting, the sensor adopts a remote signal source DS, which is a more appropriate configuration. In short, the feature of the remote signal source in this case is that the distance between the auxiliary sensors or auxiliary detection systems (remote auxiliary seismic detection system C-sys) and the local main sensor of this system is shortened through the long-distance transmission characteristics of the Internet, and it can be connected to the local host M through the Internet to achieve the effect of verifying whether an earthquake has occurred. Furthermore, the C-sys remote assisted seismic detection system is a local system in itself and therefore can also have its own remote signal source.

Please refer to the fifth figure, which is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the combined configuration of the free field and the remote signal source and the earthquake detection system of the present invention. It discloses a first auxiliary sensor SS1, a second auxiliary sensor SS2, a third auxiliary sensor SS3, a fourth auxiliary sensor SS4, and even the nth auxiliary sensor SSn, which are all connected to the local host M through the network. And a main sensor FFS is also set up locally on the free field, which can be on the surface or within two meters below the surface. The embodiment of the fifth figure can be understood as each auxiliary sensor is a separate device, that is, a remote signal source, which transmits the results of earthquake sensing to the local (on-site) host M through the network. When there are multiple remote signal sources, it means that these signal sources are all remotely located relative to the main sensor. In other words, they are located at the remote end. However, the multiple signal sources can be in the same field at the remote end or in different fields at the remote end. In other words, the remote end is a concept of distance, which means that the distance of the remote signal source relative to the main sensor is far. When the remote signal source is an auxiliary sensor, the remote signal transmitted to the outside is a measurement value, which can be calculated by the host to obtain an acceleration signal, a velocity signal, or a displacement signal. In addition, if the remote signal source has a computing function, it can convert the measured value into an acceleration signal, a velocity signal, a displacement signal, or two of them, or all three, and then transmit it back to the host via the network.

Please refer to the sixth figure, which discloses earthquake judgment 60, step 600: start. It means that after the system test is completed, each sensor and the host (not disclosed in the sixth figure) are in a normal boot and power-on state. Then, proceed to step 601: whether the main sensor, multiple auxiliary sensors, and remote signal sources simultaneously confirm that there is an earthquake. This step refers to a judgment step. If the main sensor, multiple auxiliary sensors, and remote signal sources all simultaneously make the host confirm that there is an earthquake, then enter step 601Y: judge that an earthquake has occurred and send an earthquake indication signal. If the main sensor, the auxiliary sensor, and the remote signal source do not simultaneously make the host computer confirm that there is an earthquake, then enter step 601N: judge that the earthquake has not occurred, and do not send an earthquake indication signal. The simultaneous triggering mentioned here actually refers to triggering within a specific time period, and this specific time period is six seconds, or it can be shorter. Furthermore, the remote signal source is connected to the host computer through the network and transmits a remote signal to the host computer. If the remote signal source is an auxiliary sensor, the remote signal is selected from an acceleration signal, a velocity signal, or a displacement signal. If the remote signal source is an auxiliary earthquake detection system, the remote signal is a trigger signal.

Please refer to Figure 7, which is a schematic diagram of the combined configuration of the free field, structure and deep well sensors and the remote signal source DS and the seismic detection system of the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that there are a total of four types of sensor settings and connection methods. First, the main sensor FFS (free field sensor) is set in the free field FF (free field, referring to the surface or a position very close to the surface). The free field generally includes the surface of the surface to the space within two meters below the surface. The host M of the embodiment of the present invention is set on the free field FF, and the main sensor FFS is set next to the host M and connected to the host M through a physical line. The host also includes a computing unit, a transmission or communication interface, etc. (not shown in the figure). Generally speaking, in order to facilitate adjustment and maintenance, the main unit M and the main sensor FFS will be set on the ground surface. The main sensor FFS within two meters below the ground surface is called a shallow well sensor. The shallow well is used because sometimes the ground surface is easily disturbed by improper external forces. For example, if it is on the side of the school's sports field, it may often be disturbed by balls and sports equipment, which increases the probability of sensor misjudgment. Therefore, these interferences must be avoided. However, since it cannot be too deep from the ground surface FF, the cost will be too high. Therefore, the main sensor FFS can be set at a maximum depth of about two meters underground to avoid high construction costs and increased difficulty in maintenance and adjustment. In addition, the main unit M can also be set in a structure within the protected area, such as indoors in schools, residences, commercial buildings, etc. Furthermore, in order to avoid interference from buildings and other human activities, the horizontal distance between the free field sensor FFS and the structures and artificial structures in the protected area should be at least ten meters, preferably thirty meters, and can be farther.

Please continue to refer to Figure 7, which also discloses a deep well sensor US1 located in a deep well. The depth D of the deep well in the embodiment of the present invention is about 20 meters, and can reach a depth of 50 meters if conditions permit. The reason for setting the deep well sensor US1 is to keep it away from artificial vibration sources such as roads in a vertical distance, because the protected area often has insufficient hinterland, which makes the horizontal distance between the main sensor FFS and various buildings and structures in the protected area shorter, and is often disturbed by vehicles passing on the road. In addition, in order to save costs, the depth D of the deep well is mostly within 50 meters. However, due to the influence of geology, if the bedrock is higher, less than 50 meters deep or even less than 20 meters deep, the deep well sensor US1 is directly installed on the bedrock.

Please continue to refer to Figure 7, which also discloses a structural sensor SCS1 located on the structure SC. Generally speaking, it is set on the beam, column, or the joint between beams and columns of the structure SC. This is to allow shock waves to be transmitted to the structural sensor SCS1 through the beam-column system. If there are no machines or appliances that generate large vibrations in the building, the amplitude of vibrations generated by humans themselves is limited. Alternatively, although the vibrations generated when moving furniture or electrical equipment are greater than when humans walk, run, or jump, they basically will not be transmitted outside the building and trigger the free field sensor FFS. As for the vibration amplitude of the compressor of the refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, it is also small, and the machine itself usually has a shock-absorbing pad that can greatly reduce the vibration transmission. The vibration mode is quite fixed and can be eliminated by the system of the embodiment of the present invention, so it will not cause interference to the structure sensor SCS1. For example, a structure such as a building in an area where administrative agencies and financial institutions are densely populated, to which the embodiment of the present invention can be applied, can use the structure sensor SCS1. In order to further avoid human interference, the structural sensor SCS1 can also be installed on the top of the structure SC, such as the roof, or preferably, at the top of the column.

Please continue to refer to Figure 7, which shows that the remote signal source DS may include one or more remote sensors as auxiliary sensors, whose horizontal distance from the protected object may range from tens of meters to hundreds of meters, or even three or four kilometers away. The remote signal source DS may also be another seismic detection system as a remote auxiliary seismic detection system, that is, The remote signal source DS has a host computer as a remote system, which is connected to the host computer of the embodiment of the present invention through the Internet, that is, the remote signal source DS is a seismic sensing signal source from a remote place, which can come from a sensor, which is an auxiliary sensor relative to the local area; it can also come from a seismic detection system, which is a remote auxiliary seismic detection system relative to the local area. The opportunity to use the remote signal source DS is that if the hinterland of the protected site is not enough, it is impossible to set up auxiliary sensors at a sufficiently far horizontal distance, or the structure sensor SCS1 is often disturbed, or the depth of the deep well sensor US1 is less than 20 meters. If there are the above unsuitable places, the remote signal source DS can be used. When there are multiple remote signal sources, it means that these signal sources are all remotely located relative to the main sensor, in other words, they are remotely located, but the multiple signal sources can be in the same field at the remote end or in different fields at the remote end, that is, the remote end is a concept of remote distance, which means that the distance of the remote signal source relative to the main sensor is far. If the embodiment of the present invention is applied to buildings in areas where administrative agencies and financial institutions are densely populated, since there are fewer devices that can generate violent vibrations inside such structures, the structural sensor SCS1 can be used. The purpose of using the deep well sensor US1 is to avoid vibration interference from large and heavy vehicles, and the main sensor FFS can be used as the setting point of the host. In addition, the remote signal source DS can be used as a backup in case other sensors fail. It can be seen that the structural sensor SCS1, the deep well sensor US1, and the remote signal source DS are all auxiliary sensors. Therefore, when the auxiliary sensors and the main sensor determine that there is an earthquake within a specific time period, the host sends an earthquake alarm.

In summary, this case provides an innovative concept, which enables the earthquake prediction technology to instantly and reliably predict the seismic transverse wave eigenvalues based on the real-time longitudinal wave measurement data when an earthquake occurs, so as to provide the required response. In addition, this case uses various sensors with different configurations to achieve the effect of assisting in judging whether an earthquake has occurred. If the hinterland is large enough, the auxiliary sensors can be set at a longer horizontal distance. If there is a vibration source that can generate large-scale noise, such as structures such as railroads, heavy industrial plants, mines, and waterfalls, a remote signal source can be used to more effectively avoid various interferences. When a vibration event occurs, if the local main sensor and the remote auxiliary sensor, or the auxiliary seismic detection system C-sys, all consider the vibration event to be an earthquake within a specific period of time, the local host will issue an earthquake warning. Through the configuration of multiple seismic sensors in this case, earthquake judgment can be made more accurate. It has higher accuracy and provides a plurality of suitable remote auxiliary sensors to form a configuration according to the limitations of the location of the main sensor. When the misjudgment rate of earthquakes is reduced, the shutdown caused by misjudgment will be reduced, and then the delay or waste caused by shutdown and material stoppage will be reduced. For rail facilities, it can also reduce the increase in time cost caused by stopping and slowing down. In other words, when the misjudgment rate is reduced, the evacuation measures taken due to misjudgment will be reduced, and the losses caused by these evacuation measures will also be reduced. This case also uses sensors with different configurations to assist in determining whether an earthquake has occurred. Of course, for buildings in administrative and financial institutions that use this case's "combined configuration of free-field, structural and deep-well sensors and remote signal sources and their earthquake detection system", it is indeed worth providing protection and early warning with sufficient budgets. The protected objects can be protected with as many configurations as possible. When one of the auxiliary sensors fails or cannot be connected, the remaining ones can still achieve the effect of rechecking whether an earthquake has occurred. Generally speaking, if the hinterland is large enough, the main sensor can be set at a farther horizontal distance. If the structure is subject to interference from vehicles, deep well sensors can be installed to avoid interference through a longer vertical distance. If there is no machinery that generates vibrations in the structure, structural sensors can be installed. In addition, with the help of remote signal sources, various interferences can be avoided more effectively. Through the configuration of multiple seismic sensors in this case, the error rate of earthquake prediction can be further reduced, and suitable multiple sensors can be provided to form a configuration according to the limitations of the protected area, and avoid the failure of service due to the failure of any sensor. Furthermore, as the misjudgment rate decreases, the economic losses caused by the suspension of work due to misjudgment can be reduced, and the inconvenience and shock of life caused by evacuation measures due to misjudgment can be reduced, thereby improving the quality of life. In other words, if the misjudgment rate decreases, the evacuation measures taken due to misjudgment will decrease, and the losses caused by these evacuation measures will also decrease. It can be seen that this case has made a great contribution to the relevant industries.

Although the present invention is disclosed as above with the preferred embodiment, the embodiments disclosed in the first to seventh figures can be combined in an appropriate manner to obtain a synergistic effect. However, it is not used to limit the scope of the present invention. Any changes and modifications made by anyone familiar with this art within the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

10: System

101: Earthquake detection configuration

1010: Main sensor

1011: Auxiliary sensor

102: Computation module

1022:Estimation module

1021: Judgment module

EEV2: Earthquake event identification signal

ESV2: Real-time earthquake shear wave estimated eigenvalue

PW1: First vibration wave

PW2: Second vibration wave

PM1: First vibration event

PM2: Second vibration event

S1: First signal

S2: Second signal

Claims (7)

A field-based earthquake early warning system includes: an earthquake detection configuration, which generates a first signal in response to a first vibration event, and generates a second signal in response to a second vibration event, wherein the first signal is from a free field, and the second signal is from at least one of a structure, a deep well field, and a remote field, wherein the free field is a space between a surface and a depth below the surface, and the deep well field is a space below the surface exceeding the depth. space; and a calculation module including: an estimation module, estimating a real-time seismic shear wave estimation characteristic value according to the first signal; and a judgment module, synchronously receiving the first signal and the second signal to judge whether there is a seismic event, and performing the estimation of the real-time seismic shear wave estimation characteristic value and the judgment of whether there is a seismic event in parallel. When the judgment module judges that there is a seismic event, the system sends the real-time seismic shear wave estimation characteristic value. A system as described in claim 1, wherein the judgment module jointly judges whether there is an earthquake event based on the first signal and the second signal. A system as described in claim 1, wherein the first signal includes surface acceleration data, and the real-time seismic shear wave estimated characteristic value includes at least one of a maximum surface acceleration value and a maximum surface velocity value. A method for earthquake early warning in situ comprises the following steps: receiving a first signal generated in response to a first vibration event and a second signal generated in response to a second vibration event, wherein the first signal is from a free field, and the second signal is from at least one of a structure, a deep well field, and a remote field, wherein the free field is a space between a surface and a depth below the surface, and the deep well field is a space below the surface beyond the depth; judging whether an earthquake event exists based on the first and second signals; estimating a real-time earthquake shear wave estimated characteristic value using an estimation module based on the first signal, wherein estimating the real-time earthquake shear wave estimated characteristic value and judging whether the earthquake event exists are performed in parallel; and sending the real-time earthquake shear wave estimated characteristic value when it is judged that the earthquake event exists. A method as described in claim 4, wherein the presence of the earthquake event is determined based on the common correlation between the first and second signals. The method as described in claim 4, wherein the real-time seismic shear wave estimated eigenvalue is estimated using an estimation module. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first signal includes surface acceleration data, and the real-time seismic shear wave estimated characteristic value includes at least one of a maximum surface acceleration value and a maximum surface velocity value.

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