TWI853278B - Power supply apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

A power supply apparatus includes a microcontroller and a plurality of voltage converters. If the voltage converters are in a boost mode and a plurality of duty cycles of the voltage converters calculated by the microcontroller are less than 0.5, the microcontroller is configured to limit at least one of the duty cycles of the voltage converters to be 0.5. If the voltage converters are in a buck mode and the duty cycles of the voltage converters calculated by the microcontroller are greater than 0.5, the microcontroller is configured to limit at least one of the duty cycles of the voltage converters to be 0.5.

Description

Power supply device

The present invention relates to a supply device, in particular a power supply device.

The related multi-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter (for example, the related four-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter) has a duty cycle limitation, which is described as follows: in boost mode, the duty cycle of the low-side transistor switch needs to be greater than 0.5; if in boost mode and the duty cycle of the low-side transistor switch is less than 0.5, the inductor energy will be insufficient, making the inductor current unbalanced, which will cause the voltage gain to deteriorate (that is, decrease).

In buck mode, the duty cycle of the high-side transistor switch needs to be less than 0.5; if in buck mode and the duty cycle of the high-side transistor switch is greater than 0.5, the inductor energy will be insufficient, making the inductor current unbalanced, which will cause the voltage gain to deteriorate (i.e., increase).

In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a power supply device.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the power supply device of the present invention comprises: a microcontroller; and a plurality of voltage converters, which are electrically connected to each other and to the microcontroller, wherein if the voltage converters are in a boost mode and the plurality of duty cycles of the voltage converters are calculated by the microcontroller to be less than 0.5, the microcontroller is configured to limit at least one of the duty cycles of the voltage converters to 0.5; wherein, if the voltage converters are in a buck mode and the duty cycles of the voltage converters are calculated by the microcontroller to be greater than 0.5, the microcontroller is configured to limit at least one of the duty cycles of the voltage converters to 0.5.

Furthermore, in one specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention as described above, the microcontroller includes: a cycle limiter, which is electrically connected to at least one of the voltage converters.

Furthermore, in a specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention as described above, the microcontroller and the voltage converters are configured to form a multi-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter, and the voltage converters include: a first voltage converter, the first voltage converter is electrically connected to the microcontroller; and a second voltage converter, the second voltage converter is electrically connected to the cycle limiter and the first voltage converter.

Furthermore, in a specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention as described above, the microcontroller and the voltage converters are configured to form a four-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter, and the voltage converters further include: a third voltage converter, the third voltage converter is electrically connected to the cycle limiter, the first voltage converter and the second voltage converter; and a fourth voltage converter, the fourth voltage converter is electrically connected to the microcontroller, the first voltage converter, the second voltage converter and the third voltage converter.

Furthermore, in a specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention as described above, the first voltage converter includes: a low-side first switching element, the low-side first switching element is electrically connected to the microcontroller and includes a low-side first parasitic diode; a high-side first switching element, the high-side first switching element is electrically connected to the microcontroller and the low-side first switching element and includes a high-side first parasitic diode; and a first inductor, the first inductor is electrically connected to the second voltage converter, the third voltage converter, the fourth voltage converter, the low-side first switching element and the high-side first switching element.

Furthermore, in a specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention as described above, the second voltage converter includes: a low-side second switch element, the low-side second switch element is electrically connected to the cycle limiter and includes a low-side second parasitic diode; a high-side second switch element, the high-side second switch element is electrically connected to the cycle limiter, the first voltage converter and the third voltage converter; The invention relates to a voltage converter and comprises a high-side second parasitic diode; a second inductor, the second inductor being electrically connected to the first voltage converter, the third voltage converter, the fourth voltage converter and the low-side second switching element; and a first capacitor, the first capacitor being electrically connected to the first voltage converter, the low-side second switching element, the high-side second switching element and the second inductor.

Furthermore, in a specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention as described above, the third voltage converter includes: a low-side third switch element, the low-side third switch element is electrically connected to the cycle limiter and includes a low-side third parasitic diode; a high-side third switch element, the high-side third switch element is electrically connected to the cycle limiter, the second voltage converter and the fourth voltage converter; The invention relates to a first voltage converter and comprises a high-side third parasitic diode; a third inductor, the third inductor being electrically connected to the first voltage converter, the second voltage converter, the fourth voltage converter and the low-side third switching element; and a second capacitor, the second capacitor being electrically connected to the second voltage converter, the low-side third switching element, the high-side third switching element and the third inductor.

Furthermore, in a specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention as described above, the fourth voltage converter includes: a low-side fourth switch element, the low-side fourth switch element is electrically connected to the microcontroller and includes a low-side fourth parasitic diode; a high-side fourth switch element, the high-side fourth switch element is electrically connected to the microcontroller, the first voltage converter and the third voltage converter; The converter includes a high-side fourth parasitic diode; a fourth inductor, the fourth inductor being electrically connected to the first voltage converter, the second voltage converter, the third voltage converter and the low-side fourth switching element; and a third capacitor, the third capacitor being electrically connected to the third voltage converter, the low-side fourth switching element, the high-side fourth switching element and the fourth inductor.

Furthermore, in a specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention as described above, the first voltage converter further includes: a low-side capacitor, which is electrically connected to the microcontroller, the second voltage converter, the third voltage converter and the fourth voltage converter; and a low-side input-output terminal, which is electrically connected to the microcontroller, the second voltage converter, the third voltage converter, the fourth voltage converter and the low-side capacitor.

Furthermore, in a specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention as described above, the first voltage converter further includes: a high-side capacitor, the high-side capacitor is electrically connected to the microcontroller and the fourth voltage converter; and a high-side input/output terminal, the high-side input/output terminal is electrically connected to the microcontroller, the fourth voltage converter and the high-side capacitor.

The effect of the present invention is that the voltage gain in the boost mode is not affected by the duty cycle less than 0.5; the voltage gain in the buck mode is not affected by the duty cycle greater than 0.5. The switch element operation mechanism proposed by the present invention can make the inductor energy sufficient and the inductor current balanced, so that the above-mentioned voltage gain can be achieved without being affected by the duty cycle.

In order to further understand the technology, means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, please refer to the following detailed description and attached figures of the present invention. It is believed that the purpose, features and characteristics of the present invention can be deeply and specifically understood from them. However, the attached figures are only provided for reference and explanation, and are not used to limit the present invention.

10: Power supply device

102: Microcontroller

104: Voltage converter

106: Cycle Limiter

108: First voltage converter

110: Second voltage converter

112: Third voltage converter

114: Fourth voltage converter

116: Low-side input and output terminals

118: High-side input and output terminals

120: First curve

122: Second curve

C1: First capacitor

C2: Second capacitor

C3: The third capacitor

CH: High side capacitor

CL: low side capacitor

DH1: High side first parasitic diode

DH2: High side second parasitic diode

DH3: High side third parasitic diode

DH4: High side fourth parasitic diode

DL1: low side first parasitic diode

DL2: low side second parasitic diode

DL3: low side third parasitic diode

DL4: low side fourth parasitic diode

L1: First inductor

L2: Second inductor

L3: The third inductor

L4: the fourth inductor

QH1: High side first switch element

QH2: High side second switch element

QH3: High side third switch element

QH4: high side fourth switch element

QL1: Low-side first switching element

QL2: low side second switching element

QL3: low side third switch element

QL4: low side fourth switch element

VL: low side voltage

VH: High side voltage

FIG1 is a block diagram of a specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a circuit block diagram of a specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention.

FIG3 is a waveform diagram showing the voltage and the working cycle of the low-side switching components in an example of a four-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter in the boost mode of the related art.

FIG4 is a waveform diagram showing the voltage and the working cycle of the low-side switching elements of a specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention in the boost mode.

FIG5 is a comparison diagram of the duty cycle and voltage gain of the low-side switching elements in the boost mode of the power supply device of the present invention and the four-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter of the related technology.

FIG6 is a waveform diagram showing the voltage and the working cycle of the high-side switching components in an example of a four-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter in the buck mode of the related art.

FIG7 is a waveform diagram showing the voltage and the working cycle of the high-side switching elements of a specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention in the buck mode.

FIG8 is a comparison diagram of the duty cycle and voltage gain of the high-side switching elements in the buck mode of the power supply device of the present invention and the four-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter of the related technology.

In the present disclosure, many specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of specific embodiments of the present invention; however, those skilled in the art should know that the present invention can still be practiced without one or more of these specific details; in other cases, well-known details are not shown or described to avoid obscuring the main technical features of the present invention. The technical content and detailed description of the present invention are described as follows with reference to the drawings: Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a block diagram of a specific embodiment of a power supply device 10 of the present invention; a power supply device 10 of the present invention includes a microcontroller 102 and a plurality of voltage converters 104, and the voltage converters 104 are electrically connected to each other and to the microcontroller 102. If the voltage converters 104 are in a boost mode and the multiple duty cycles of the voltage converters 104 are calculated by the microcontroller 102 to be less than 0.5, the microcontroller 102 is configured to limit at least one of the duty cycles of the voltage converters 104 to 0.5 (described in detail later); if the voltage converters 104 are in a buck mode and the duty cycles of the voltage converters 104 are calculated by the microcontroller 102 to be greater than 0.5, the microcontroller 102 is configured to limit at least one of the duty cycles of the voltage converters 104 to 0.5 (described in detail later).

In more detail, if the voltage converters 104 are in the boost mode and the duty cycles of the plurality of low-side switching elements of the voltage converters 104 are calculated by the microcontroller 102 to be less than 0.5, the microcontroller 102 is configured to limit at least one of the duty cycles of the low-side switching elements of the voltage converters 104 to 0.5; if the voltage converters 104 are in the buck mode and the duty cycles of the plurality of high-side switching elements of the voltage converters 104 are calculated by the microcontroller 102 to be greater than 0.5, the microcontroller The controller 102 is configured to limit at least one of the operating cycles of the high-side switching elements of the voltage converters 104 to 0.5; wherein the low-side switching elements may be, for example, a low-side first switching element QL1, a low-side second switching element QL2, a low-side third switching element QL3, and a low-side fourth switching element QL4 as shown in FIG. 2, and the high-side switching elements may be, for example, a high-side first switching element QH1, a high-side second switching element QH2, a high-side third switching element QH3, and a high-side fourth switching element QH4 as shown in FIG. 2.

Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a circuit block diagram of a specific embodiment of the power supply device 10 of the present invention; the components shown in FIG. 2 are the same as those shown in FIG. 1, and for the sake of simplicity, their description will not be repeated here. The microcontroller 102 includes a duty limiter (duty limiter) 106, the voltage converters 104 include a first voltage converter 108, a second voltage converter 110, a third voltage converter 112 and a fourth voltage converter 114, the first voltage converter 108 includes a low-side first switching element QL1, a high-side first switching element QH1, a first inductor L1, a low-side capacitor CL, a low-side input-output terminal 116, a high-side capacitor CH and a high-side input-output terminal 118, the second voltage converter 110 The third voltage converter 112 includes a low-side second switch element QL2, a high-side second switch element QH2, a second inductor L2 and a first capacitor C1. The third voltage converter 112 includes a low-side third switch element QL3, a high-side third switch element QH3, a third inductor L3 and a second capacitor C2. The fourth voltage converter 114 includes a low-side fourth switch element QL4, a high-side fourth switch element QH4, a fourth inductor L4 and a third capacitor C3. The above components are electrically connected to each other.

The low-side first switch element QL1 includes a low-side first parasitic diode DL1, the high-side first switch element QH1 includes a high-side first parasitic diode DH1, the low-side second switch element QL2 includes a low-side second parasitic diode DL2, the high-side second switch element QH2 includes a high-side second parasitic diode DH2, the low-side third switch element QL3 includes a low-side third parasitic diode The high-side third switch element QH3 includes a high-side third parasitic diode DH3, the low-side fourth switch element QL4 includes a low-side fourth parasitic diode DL4, the high-side fourth switch element QH4 includes a high-side fourth parasitic diode DH4, the low-side input-output terminal 116 has a low-side voltage VL, and the high-side input-output terminal 118 has a high-side voltage VH. The low-side first switch element QL1, the high-side first switch element QH1, the low-side second switch element QL2, the high-side second switch element QH2, the low-side third switch element QL3, the high-side third switch element QH3, the low-side fourth switch element QL4 and the high-side fourth switch element QH4 can be implemented with any switch element, such as a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) or a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), and FIG. 2 shows that the switch elements are N-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (N-MOSFET).

Furthermore, if the voltage converters 104 are in the boost mode and the duty cycles of the low-side switching elements of the voltage converters 104 are calculated by the microcontroller 102 to be less than 0.5, the microcontroller 102 is configured to utilize the cycle limiter 106 to limit at least one of the duty cycles of the low-side switching elements of the voltage converters 104 to 0.5 (described in detail later). ; If the voltage converters 104 are in the buck mode and the operating cycles of the high-side switching elements of the voltage converters 104 are calculated by the microcontroller 102 to be greater than 0.5, the microcontroller 102 is configured to use the cycle limiter 106 to limit at least one of the operating cycles of the high-side switching elements of the voltage converters 104 to 0.5 (described later). The cycle limiter 106 can be implemented in hardware or software; if the cycle limiter 106 is implemented in software, the present invention does not need to increase the cost of hardware.

The microcontroller 102 and the voltage converters 104 are configured to form a multi-phase (two-phase, three-phase, four-phase . . . ) interleaved bidirectional power converter, such as a four-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter as shown in FIG. 2 . If the voltage converters 104 are in the boost mode, the low-side voltage VL is the input voltage (provided by a voltage supply not shown in FIG. 2 ) and the high-side voltage VH is the output voltage (provided to a load not shown in FIG. 2 ); if the voltage converters 104 are in the buck mode, the high-side voltage VH is the input voltage (provided by a voltage supply not shown in FIG. 2 ) and the low-side voltage VL is the output voltage (provided to a load not shown in FIG. 2 ).

Furthermore, taking the four-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter shown in FIG. 2 and the boost mode as an example, the microcontroller 102 is configured to calculate: voltage gain=output voltage/input voltage=4/(1-duty cycle). Assuming that the microcontroller 102 detects an input voltage (VL) of 40 volts through the low-side input/output terminal 116 and detects an output voltage (VH; i.e., required by the load) of 213 volts through the high-side input/output terminal 118, then 213/40=5.325=4/(1-duty cycle), so the duty cycle can be calculated to be approximately 0.25, and the duty cycle 0.25 here refers to the low-side switching elements (i.e., the low-side first switching element QL1, the low-side second switching element QL2, the low-side third switching element Q L3 and the fourth low-side switch element QL4) theoretically have the same working cycle, while the switching operation of the high-side switch elements (i.e., the first high-side switch element QH1, the second high-side switch element QH2, the third high-side switch element QH3 and the fourth high-side switch element QH4) is opposite to that of the corresponding low-side switch elements; that is, when the first low-side switch element QL1 is ON, the first high-side switch element QH1 is OFF; when the first low-side switch element QL1 is OFF, the first high-side switch element QH1 is ON, and so on.

Continuing from the above, there is a problem in calculating the theoretical duty cycle of the low-side switching components less than 0.5 in the boost mode (the inductor energy will be insufficient, making the inductor current unbalanced). The formula for the voltage gain of the duty cycle of the low-side switching components less than 0.5 in the boost mode will no longer apply =4/(1-duty cycle). After experiments with circuit simulation software, if the input voltage is 40 volts and the duty cycle of the low-side switching components is 0.25, the output voltage can only be 79 volts, not the required 213 volts. However, the present invention cleverly limits at least one of the duty cycles of the low-side switching elements of the voltage converters 104 to 0.5, and the duty cycles of the remaining low-side switching elements are maintained at 0.25 (that is, the duty cycles of the remaining low-side switching elements are maintained as calculated by the microcontroller 102 as voltage gain = output voltage/input voltage = 4/(1-duty cycle)). After experiments using circuit simulation software, the output voltage can obtain the required 213 volts.

Please refer to Figure 3, which is a voltage waveform diagram of an example of a four-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter in boost mode and the duty cycle waveforms of the low-side switch elements of the related art; as mentioned above, the input voltage (VL) is 40 volts, and each of the duty cycles of the low-side switch elements is 0.25, then the output voltage (VH) can only be 79 volts, not the required 213 volts.

Please refer to FIG. 4, which is a voltage waveform diagram of a specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention in the boost mode and the duty cycle waveform diagram of the low-side switch elements; as mentioned above, the input voltage (VL) is 40 volts, and at least one (for example, more than half or two) of the duty cycles of the low-side switch elements is limited to 0.5 (that is, the low-side second switch element QL2 and the low-side third switch element QL3 are limited to 0.5), and the remaining low-side switch elements maintain their duty cycles at 0.25 (that is, the low-side first switch element QL1 and the low-side fourth switch element QL4 maintain their duty cycles at 0.25), then the output voltage (VH) can get the required 213 volts.

Please refer to FIG. 5, which is a comparison diagram of the duty cycle and voltage gain of the low-side switch elements of the power supply device of the present invention and the four-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter of the related art in the boost mode; the first curve 120 is the curve of the present invention, and the second curve 122 is the curve of the related art. It can be seen that in the boost mode and when the duty cycles of the low-side switch elements are greater than 0.5, the voltage gain of the present invention and the related art are normal, but once the duty cycles of the low-side switch elements are less than 0.5, the voltage gain of the related art (the second curve 122) will drop significantly, while the present invention (the first curve 120) can still maintain a higher voltage gain.

The above Figures 3, 4 and 5 are for the boost mode, while the following Figures 6, 7 and 8 are for the buck mode.

Furthermore, taking the four-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter shown in FIG. 2 and the buck mode as an example, the microcontroller 102 is configured to calculate: voltage gain=output voltage/input voltage=duty cycle/4. Assuming that the microcontroller 102 detects an input voltage (VH) of 400 volts through the high-side input/output terminal 118 and detects an output voltage (VL; i.e., required by the load) of 75 volts through the low-side input/output terminal 116, then 75/400=0.1875=duty cycle/4, and thus the duty cycle can be calculated to be 0.75, where the duty cycle 0.75 refers to the high-side switching elements (i.e., the high-side first switching element QH1, the high-side second switching element QH2, the high-side third switching element QH3 and The switching operation of the low-side switching elements (i.e., the low-side first switching element QL1, the low-side second switching element QL2, the low-side third switching element QL3 and the low-side fourth switching element QL4) is opposite to that of the corresponding high-side switching elements; that is, when the high-side first switching element QH1 is ON, the low-side first switching element QL1 is OFF; when the high-side first switching element QH1 is OFF, the low-side first switching element QL1 is ON, and so on.

Continuing from the above content, it is problematic to calculate the theoretical duty cycles of the high-side switching components greater than 0.5 in the buck mode (the inductor energy will be insufficient, making the inductor current unbalanced). The formula for the voltage gain of the duty cycles of the high-side switching components greater than 0.5 in the buck mode will no longer apply = duty cycle/4. After experiments with circuit simulation software, if the input voltage is 400 volts and the duty cycles of the high-side switching components are 0.75, the output voltage can only be 200 volts, not the required 75 volts. However, the present invention cleverly limits at least one of the duty cycles of the high-side switching elements of the voltage converters 104 to 0.5, and maintains the duty cycles of the remaining high-side switching elements at 0.75 (i.e., the duty cycles of the remaining high-side switching elements are maintained at the voltage gain calculated by the microcontroller 102 = output voltage/input voltage = duty cycle/4), and through experiments with circuit simulation software, the output voltage can obtain the required 75 volts.

Please refer to Figure 6, which is a voltage waveform diagram of an example of a four-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter in buck mode and the duty cycle waveforms of the high-side switching elements of the related art; as mentioned above, the input voltage (VH) is 400 volts, and each of the duty cycles of the high-side switching elements is 0.75, then the output voltage (VL) can only be 200 volts, not the required 75 volts.

Please refer to FIG. 7, which is a voltage waveform diagram of a specific embodiment of the power supply device of the present invention in the buck mode and the duty cycle waveform diagram of the high-side switch elements; as mentioned above, the input voltage (VH) is 400 volts, and at least one (for example, more than half or two) of the duty cycles of the high-side switch elements is limited to 0.5 (that is, the high-side second switch element The duty cycles of the high-side switching element QH2 and the high-side third switching element QH3 are limited to 0.5), and the duty cycles of the remaining high-side switching elements are maintained at 0.75 (that is, the duty cycles of the high-side first switching element QH1 and the high-side fourth switching element QH4 are maintained at 0.75), then the output voltage (VL) can obtain the required 75 volts.

Please refer to FIG8, which is a comparison diagram of the duty cycle and voltage gain of the high-side switch elements of the power supply device of the present invention and the four-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter of the related art in the buck mode; the first curve 120 is the curve of the present invention, and the second curve 122 is the curve of the related art. It can be seen that in the buck mode and when the duty cycles of the high-side switch elements are less than 0.5, the voltage gain of the present invention and the related art are normal, but once the duty cycles of the high-side switch elements are greater than 0.5, the voltage gain of the related art (the second curve 122) will increase significantly, while the present invention (the first curve 120) can still maintain a lower voltage gain.

The effect of the present invention is that the voltage gain in the boost mode is not affected by a duty cycle less than 0.5; the voltage gain in the buck mode is not affected by a duty cycle greater than 0.5. The switch element operation mechanism proposed by the present invention can make the inductor energy sufficient and the inductor current balanced, so that the above-mentioned voltage gain can be achieved without being affected by the duty cycle.

However, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should not limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. That is, all equal changes and modifications made according to the claims of the present invention should still be within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention. The present invention can also have many other embodiments. Without deviating from the spirit and essence of the present invention, technicians familiar with this field can make various corresponding changes and deformations based on the present invention, but these corresponding changes and deformations should all belong to the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention. In summary, it should be known that the present invention has industrial applicability, novelty and advancement, and the structure of the present invention has never been seen in similar products and public use. It fully meets the requirements for invention patent application, so an application is filed in accordance with the Patent Law.

10: Power supply device

102: Microcontroller

104: Voltage converter

Claims (10)

A power supply device comprises: a microcontroller; and a plurality of voltage converters, the voltage converters being electrically connected to each other and to the microcontroller, wherein if the voltage converters are in a boost mode and the plurality of duty cycles of the plurality of low-side switching elements of the voltage converters are calculated by the microcontroller to be less than 0.5, the microcontroller is configured to limit at least one of the duty cycles of the low-side switching elements of the voltage converters to 0.5; wherein if the voltage converters are in a buck mode and the plurality of duty cycles of the high-side switching elements of the voltage converters are calculated by the microcontroller to be greater than 0.5, the microcontroller is configured to limit the duty cycles of the high-side switching elements of the voltage converters to 0.5. At least one of the working cycles of the high-side switching elements of the voltage converter is 0.5; wherein the low-side switching elements include: a low-side first switching element electrically connected to the microcontroller; a low-side second switching element electrically connected to the microcontroller; a low-side third switching element electrically connected to the microcontroller; and a low-side fourth switching element electrically connected to the microcontroller, wherein the high-side switching elements include: a high-side first switching element electrically connected to the microcontroller; a high-side second switching element electrically connected to the microcontroller; a high-side third switching element electrically connected to the microcontroller; and a high-side fourth switching element electrically connected to the microcontroller. A power supply device as described in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller includes: a cycle limiter, the cycle limiter is electrically connected to at least one of the voltage converters. A power supply device as described in claim 2, wherein the microcontroller and the voltage converters are configured to form a multi-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter, and the voltage converters include: a first voltage converter, the first voltage converter is electrically connected to the microcontroller; and a second voltage converter, the second voltage converter is electrically connected to the cycle limiter and the first voltage converter. A power supply device as described in claim 3, wherein the microcontroller and the voltage converters are configured to form a four-phase interleaved bidirectional power converter, and the voltage converters further include: a third voltage converter, the third voltage converter is electrically connected to the cycle limiter, the first voltage converter and the second voltage converter; and a fourth voltage converter, the fourth voltage converter is electrically connected to the microcontroller, the first voltage converter, the second voltage converter and the third voltage converter. The power supply device as described in claim 4, wherein the first voltage converter comprises: the low-side first switching element, comprising a low-side first parasitic diode; the high-side first switching element, the high-side first switching element being electrically connected to the low-side first switching element and comprising a high-side first parasitic diode; and a first inductor, the first inductor being electrically connected to the second voltage converter, the third voltage converter, the fourth voltage converter, the low-side first switching element and the high-side first switching element. The power supply device as described in claim 5, wherein the second voltage converter comprises: the low-side second switch element, the low-side second switch element is electrically connected to the cycle limiter and comprises a low-side second parasitic diode; the high-side second switch element, the high-side second switch element is electrically connected to the cycle limiter, the first voltage converter and the third voltage converter and comprises It comprises a high-side second parasitic diode; a second inductor, the second inductor is electrically connected to the first voltage converter, the third voltage converter, the fourth voltage converter and the low-side second switching element; and a first capacitor, the first capacitor is electrically connected to the first voltage converter, the low-side second switching element, the high-side second switching element and the second inductor. The power supply device as described in claim 6, wherein the third voltage converter comprises: the low-side third switch element, the low-side third switch element is electrically connected to the cycle limiter and comprises a low-side third parasitic diode; the high-side third switch element, the high-side third switch element is electrically connected to the cycle limiter, the second voltage converter and the fourth voltage converter and comprises It comprises a high-side third parasitic diode; a third inductor, the third inductor being electrically connected to the first voltage converter, the second voltage converter, the fourth voltage converter and the low-side third switching element; and a second capacitor, the second capacitor being electrically connected to the second voltage converter, the low-side third switching element, the high-side third switching element and the third inductor. The power supply device as described in claim 7, wherein the fourth voltage converter comprises: the low-side fourth switching element, comprising a low-side fourth parasitic diode; the high-side fourth switching element, the high-side fourth switching element being electrically connected to the first voltage converter and the third voltage converter and comprising a high-side fourth parasitic diode; a fourth inductor, the fourth inductor being electrically connected to the first voltage converter, the second voltage converter, the third voltage converter and the low-side fourth switching element; and a third capacitor, the third capacitor being electrically connected to the third voltage converter, the low-side fourth switching element, the high-side fourth switching element and the fourth inductor. The power supply device as described in claim 8, wherein the first voltage converter further comprises: a low-side capacitor, the low-side capacitor is electrically connected to the microcontroller, the second voltage converter, the third voltage converter and the fourth voltage converter; and a low-side input-output terminal, the low-side input-output terminal is electrically connected to the microcontroller, the second voltage converter, the third voltage converter, the fourth voltage converter and the low-side capacitor. The power supply device as described in claim 9, wherein the first voltage converter further comprises: a high-side capacitor, the high-side capacitor is electrically connected to the microcontroller and the fourth voltage converter; and a high-side input/output terminal, the high-side input/output terminal is electrically connected to the microcontroller, the fourth voltage converter and the high-side capacitor.