TWI842514B - Benthic aquaculture system and method for building the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for building a benthic aquaculture system is provided, including following steps of: draining a breeding pond; adding a biological humus on a bottom of the breeding pond wherein the biological humus includes an organic matter with a weight percentage greater than 80% and a natural humic acid with a weight percentage greater than 18%; and adding water to a predetermined depth and maintain a predetermined period. The present invention further provides a benthic aquaculture system built by the method described above, including: at least two submersible pumps and a plurality of venturi tubes, which effectively suppresses bacteria and viruses at the bottom and the bottom water system of the breeding pond to maintain a healthy culture environment, increases the dissolved oxygen in the breeding pond, and reduces the cost of cultivation.

Description

Bottom-dwelling aquaculture system and its establishment method

The present invention relates to an aquaculture system, and in particular to a bottom-dwelling aquaculture system and a method for establishing the same.

Bottom-dwelling aquatic products, such as but not limited to white shrimp and other shrimps, are healthy and high-quality food for preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases due to their low fatty acid and cholesterol content. For example, white shrimp has a wide range of suitable temperature and salt for cultivation. It can grow in an environment of 18°C to 32°C and a salinity of 1‰ to 40‰, making it an actively promoted aquaculture variety.

The existing culture technology of white shrimp mainly uses aeration equipment and large-scale water exchange to maintain the culture density. However, according to surveys, the annual drainage volume of this type of culture pond is 3.0 ^M3 to 4.5 ^M3 per kilogram of shrimp, which is energy-consuming, water-consuming and costly. In the existing culture technology, the nitrogen and phosphorus input per hectare of culture pond is 600 kg and 250 kg respectively, causing the deterioration of the pond bottom environment and environmental pollution. In addition, in the existing breeding process, the excess feed, excrement of the aquaculture species and other organic waste in the pond cannot be effectively removed, which can easily lead to problems such as reduced oxygen content in the water, the growth of bacteria and viruses, diseases of the aquaculture species and aging of the aquaculture pond bottom, making it impossible to operate sustainably.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a novel and progressive bottom-dwelling aquaculture system and its establishment method to solve the above-mentioned problems.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a bottom-dwelling aquaculture system and a method for establishing the same, which can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria to maintain a healthy aquaculture environment.

To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a bottom-dwelling aquaculture system and a method for establishing the same, comprising: draining a culture pond; adding a biological humus to a bottom of the culture pond, wherein an effective bacterial count of the biological humus is greater than 5×10 ⁸ CFU/g, and the biological humus comprises an organic matter of greater than 80% by weight and a natural humic acid of greater than 18% by weight; and adding water to a predetermined water depth and maintaining the water depth for a predetermined period of time.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention further provides a bottom-dwelling aquaculture system, which is constructed by the establishment method as described above, and includes: at least two submerged pumps and a plurality of venturi tubes. The at least two submerged pumps are arranged in the breeding pond at intervals around the circumference of the breeding pond and are located below a water surface of the breeding pond. The at least two submerged pumps are used to absorb water in the breeding pond to drive the water in the breeding pond to flow in a water flow direction. Each of the submerged pumps includes an outlet pipe, and the outlet pipe is used to pass through the water surface of the breeding pond. Each of the venturi tubes is connected to the outlet pipe of the submerged pump. Among them, each of the submerged pumps absorbs water in the breeding pond through the outlet pipe and the venturi tube and then discharges it back to the breeding pond.

The following examples are merely used to illustrate possible implementations of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The "one" or "at least one" preceding the terms mentioned in the text does not limit the quantity, and it can also be "plural" according to needs. This change in quantity is also within the scope of protection, which should be explained in advance.

Please refer to Figures 1 to 5, which show a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The method for establishing the bottom-dwelling aquaculture system 1 of the present invention includes the following steps:

Step S1: drain a breeding pond 2. Preferably, the breeding pond 2 can be exposed to the sun for a period of time after being drained, so that subsequent machines can enter the breeding pond 2 for operation.

Step S2: adding a biological humus to the bottom 4 of the aquaculture pond 2, wherein the effective bacterial count of the biological humus is greater than 5×10 ⁸ CFU/g, and the biological humus includes organic matter greater than 80% by weight and natural humic acid greater than 18% by weight, thereby using a strong beneficial bacterial community to inhibit the growth of bacteria and pathogens in the bottom soil, and also allowing the beneficial bacteria to grow on the bottom 4 of the pond to form a better biological chain, thereby accelerating the decomposition of organic waste on the bottom 4 and converting it into a nutrient source for algae or plankton, increasing the source of biological feed to reduce the input of feed cost. Specifically, after the biological humus is spread on the pond bottom 4, the topsoil of the pond bottom 4 is tilled for 15 cm to 25 cm to evenly mix the biological humus with the soil of the pond bottom 4. The amount of biological humus added is controlled to be no less than 0.5 kg/m2 to ensure sufficient number of beneficial bacteria and good soil improvement effect.

Step S3: Add water to a predetermined water depth and maintain it for a predetermined period of time. In this embodiment, the predetermined water depth is not higher than 40 cm, and the predetermined period is not shorter than 5 days (preferably not shorter than 7 days). After the microbial ecology of the topsoil layer and the bottom water layer of the pool bottom 4 is completed, the cultivation operation can be carried out. Before adding water, the topsoil of the pool bottom 4 can be re-compacted with a soil compacting device to prevent the biological humus from being washed up and lost when adding water, and to prevent the pool water of the cultivation pool 2 from being lost. In order to determine the improvement effect of the biological humus on the cultivation pool 2, after the predetermined period, the total number of bacteria in a water body in the cultivation pool 2 is measured. If the total number of bacteria is confirmed to be not less than 3×10 ⁴ CFU/g, water can be added again for cultivation. In other embodiments, relevant measurements may also be performed according to conventional testing standards for aquaculture, such as but not limited to ammonia nitrogen and nitrite indicators, to confirm whether the water body meets the aquaculture requirements. The method for establishing the bottom-dwelling aquaculture system 1 of the present invention is mainly applicable to bottom-dwelling aquaculture waters in muddy bottom ponds, such as but not limited to shrimps, crabs, shellfish, etc., and is not limited to freshwater or seawater areas.

Specifically, the method for establishing the bottom-dwelling aquaculture system 1 further includes a biological humus preparation step S4, which includes the following steps.

Step S4-1: Prepare an organic waste. In this embodiment, the organic waste is taken from at least one of a plant planting waste and an oil pressing waste. The plant planting waste can be, for example, mushroom planting waste, which can reduce the amount of waste to be processed, save costs, and has a high organic matter content.

Step S4-2: Adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic waste to between 15 and 20, which can be adjusted according to the aquaculture needs. The organic waste can be pre-treated by drying, sorting, crushing, etc. to remove excess water and impurities and have a more uniform particle size for subsequent processing.

Step S4-3: Add an effective microorganism to the organic waste to form a premix. The effective microorganism includes, but is not limited to, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, and filamentous bacteria, which can increase the diversity of microorganisms on the bottom of the pond 4, inhibit bad bacteria, and thus improve the soil quality and health of the bottom of the pond 4. Preferably, the weight percentage of the effective microorganism is controlled to be not less than 0.5%, preferably not less than 1%, so that the subsequent fermentation effect is good. In other embodiments, the effective microorganism can also be selected from other beneficial bacteria as needed.

Step S4-4: ferment and decompose the premix to produce the biological humus. The premix is fermented and decomposed at an environment of not less than 50°C for at least 10 days to produce the biological humus; preferably, the premix can be fermented and decomposed until the effective bacterial count of the biological humus is greater than 1.5×10 ⁹ CFU/g, which has a better use effect.

Preferably, in the method for establishing the bottom-dwelling aquaculture system 1, at least two submerged pumps 10 are installed at intervals around the aquaculture pond 2. Each of the submerged pumps 10 is located below a water surface 5 of the aquaculture pond 2 and includes a water outlet pipe 11 passing through the water surface 5. During the aquaculture period, a height distance D1 is controlled between an outlet of the water outlet pipe 11 and the water surface 5 of the water body. The height D1 is not less than 30 cm (the height distance D1 is preferably between 50 cm and 75 cm), and the at least two submerged pumps 10 are controlled to drive the water in the breeding pond 2 to flow along a water flow direction L1 (for example, clockwise or counterclockwise), as shown in FIG. 2, so that the water in the breeding pond 2 forms a vortex water flow, which enhances the activity of the cultured organisms and also increases the dissolved oxygen content in the water. In this embodiment, the breeding pond 2 is polygonal; the at least two submerged pumps 10 are respectively placed in a plurality of corners 3 of the breeding pond 2; preferably, the breeding pond 2 is rectangular, and the breeding pond 2 includes at least four corners 3, and the number of the at least two submerged pumps 10 corresponds to the number of the at least four corners 3 and is respectively placed in the at least four corners 3. In addition, the number of submerged pumps 10 can be increased according to the size of the breeding pond 2. For example, when the distance between two adjacent corners 3 is greater than 50 meters, a submerged pump 10 can be added between the two corners 3. In this way, the water in the breeding pond 2 can form a weak vortex water flow in a low-energy manner, so that the organisms in the breeding pond 2 have better activity.

Preferably, a venturi tube 21 may be installed at the outlet of at least one of the submersible pumps 10, each of the venturi tubes 21 is provided with a drain port 215, the drain port 215 is controlled to be located 50 cm to 75 cm above the water surface 5 of the aquaculture pond 2 (in this embodiment, it is at the same height as the outlet of the outlet pipe 11), and the drain port 215 is used to discharge water to the aquaculture pond 2. Each of the submersible pumps 10 further includes a water inlet 12, and the water inlet 12 is provided with a spacing distance D2 from the bottom 4 of the aquaculture pond 2, and the spacing distance D2 is not less than 20 cm (the spacing distance D2 is preferably between 15 cm and 25 cm). Furthermore, the water inlet 12 is disposed in the aquaculture pond 2, and the water inlet 12 is open in the direction opposite to the water flow direction L1 and toward one of the adjacent submerged pumps 10; wherein the water inlet 12 of the at least two submerged pumps 10 is used to absorb the water in the aquaculture pond 2 so as to drive the water in the aquaculture pond 2 to flow in the water flow direction L1. The water inlet 12 is provided with a filter unit 40, and the filter unit 40 can prevent the mud and debris on the bottom 4 of the pond from being sucked in.

Specifically, the water inlet 12 of each submerged pump 10 extracts water from the bottom 4 of the aquaculture pool 2, and discharges the water from the water surface 5 of the aquaculture pool 2 through the outlet pipe 11 to the venturi tube 21, thereby the water of the aquaculture pool 2 is extracted from the bottom of the aquaculture pool 2 and oxygenated by the air, and rushes into the aquaculture pool 2 through gravity acceleration to bring in more oxygen, while improving the up-down exchange ratio of the aquaculture pool 2 and generating water flow disturbance and water circulation. To further explain, the water inlet 12 of each submerged pump 10 drives the water in the aquaculture pool 2 to flow in a vortex path when absorbing water, thereby improving the water circulation effect.

With reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , in the method for establishing the demersal aquaculture system 1, at least one bioreactor 30 may be installed in the aquaculture tank 2. The at least one bioreactor 30 is used to adsorb pollutants in the aquaculture tank 2 and biodegrade the pollutants. Each of the bioreactors 30 is located on a vortex flow path of the water body or at the center of the vortex flow path. During the aquaculture period, the at least two submerged pumps 10 are controlled to drive the water in the aquaculture tank 2 through the at least one bioreactor 30. In this embodiment, each of the bioreactors 30 includes a body 31, at least one containing space 32 and a biological material 33. The body 31 constitutes the at least one containing space 32 and is provided with a plurality of hollow portions 34 connected to the at least one containing space 32 on the periphery. The biological material 33 is disposed in the at least one containing space 32 and can decompose pollutants in water. In this way, the pollutants in the water can be hydrolyzed more and more quickly, the pollutants in the water can be greatly reduced, and the environmental stress of the cultured organisms can be reduced. In addition, some of the plurality of bioreactors 30 are located on the vortex path flow and at least one of the bioreactors 30 is located at the center of the vortex path flow to enhance the biodegradation efficiency of pollutants (such as organic waste) in the water body.

It should be particularly noted that the installation steps of the at least two submerged pumps 10, the venturi tubes 21 and the at least one biological reactor 30 and other equipment only need to be performed when the aquaculture pond 2 is not equipped with these equipment, and the venturi tubes 21 can be installed on the at least two submerged pumps 10 first, or can be installed on the at least two submerged pumps 10 after the installation is completed; the at least one biological reactor 30 is not limited to being installed before or after the installation of the at least two submerged pumps 10, and its number can be increased or decreased at any time according to demand.

The present invention further provides a demersal aquaculture system 1, which is constructed by the above-mentioned construction method, and includes: at least two submersible pumps 10 and a plurality of venturi tubes 21. Each venturi tube 21 is connected to the outlet pipe 11 of the submersible pump 10, and each submersible pump 10 draws water from the aquaculture pond 2 and discharges it back to the aquaculture pond 2 through the outlet pipe 11 and the venturi tube 21. The demersal aquaculture system 1 can be equipped with the above-mentioned at least one bioreactor 30 as required.

Preferably, the demersal aquaculture system 1 further includes at least one ozone generating unit 22, each of the ozone generating units 22 includes an ultraviolet lamp 23 and a chamber 24, the ultraviolet lamp 23 irradiates the chamber 24 to generate ozone in the chamber 24, each of the venturi tubes 21 includes a water inlet section 211, a narrow section 212, an air inlet pipe 213 and a water outlet section 214, the narrow section 212 is arranged between the water inlet section 211 and the water outlet section 214, the water inlet section 211 of each of the venturi tubes 21 is connected to one of the water outlet pipes 11, the narrow section 212 is transversely provided with the air inlet pipe 213, the air inlet pipe 213 is provided with the air inlet port 216, and the air inlet port 216 is connected to the chamber 24. Each ozone generating unit 22 further includes a hydraulic generating unit 25 and a transformer 26. The transformer 26 is electrically connected between the hydraulic generating unit 25 and the ultraviolet lamp 23. The outlet pipe 11 of at least one submersible pump 10 corresponds to the hydraulic generating unit 25 and generates electricity for the hydraulic generating unit 25 through the discharged water. The hydraulic generating unit 25 generates electrical energy and transmits direct current to the transformer 26. The transformer 26 converts the direct current into alternating current and transmits it to the ultraviolet lamp 23. In this embodiment, the ultraviolet lamp 23 is a vacuum ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength below 200 nanometers and can generate ozone. In this embodiment, the hydroelectric power generation unit 25 includes a flow pipe 251 and a fan 252. The flow pipe 251 is connected between one of the venturi tubes 21 and the water outlet pipe 11. The flow pipe 251 corresponds to the fan 252. The fan 252 is driven by the water body and converts kinetic energy into electrical energy. Renewable energy is used to provide electricity to the ultraviolet lamp 23 to generate ozone. This is environmentally friendly and easy to control the concentration of ozone generated to achieve safe and effective sterilization of the water body. Therefore, long-term use will not harm the cultivated organisms. In this embodiment, when the water discharged from the water outlet pipe 11 passes through the venturi tube 21, the air inlet 216 inhales the ozone of a set concentration in the chamber 24 into the water body. The set concentration is not more than 0.01ppm.

To further explain, the number of the at least one ozone generating unit 22 can be increased according to the severity of the water pollution in the aquaculture pond 2. A plurality of the ozone generating units 22 can be assembled between the plurality of venturi tubes 21 and the outlet pipes 11 of the at least two submersible pumps 10.

1: Bottom-dwelling aquaculture system 2: Breeding pond 3: Corner 4: Bottom of pond 5: Water surface 10: Submerged pump 11: Outlet pipe 12: Inlet 21: Venturi tube 211: Inlet section 212: Narrow section 213: Inlet pipe 214: Outlet section 215: Drainage outlet 216: Inlet 22: Ozone generating unit 23: UV lamp 24: Chamber 25: Hydroelectric generating unit 251: Flow pipe 252: Fan 26: Transformer 30: Bioreactor 31: Main body 32: Accommodation space 33: Biological material 34: Hollow part 40: Filter unit L1: Water flow direction D1: Height distance D2: Interval distance S1~S4, S4-1~S4-4: Steps

Figure 1 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a schematic top view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 is another schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a bioreactor of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

S1~S4,S4-1~S4-4: Steps

Claims (9)

A method for establishing a bottom-dwelling aquaculture system comprises the following steps: draining a culture pond; adding a biological humus to a bottom of the culture pond, wherein an effective bacterial count of the biological humus is greater than 5×10 ⁸ CFU/g, and the biological humus comprises organic matter greater than 80% by weight and natural humic acid greater than 18% by weight; and adding water to a predetermined water depth and maintaining the depth for a predetermined period; wherein after the predetermined period, measuring the total bacterial count of a water body in the culture pond, and re-adding water for culture is performed when the total bacterial count is confirmed to be not less than 3×10 ⁴ CFU/g. The method for establishing a bottom-dwelling aquaculture system as described in claim 1, wherein the amount of biological humus added is controlled to be no less than 0.5 kg/m2. The method for establishing a bottom-dwelling aquaculture system as described in claim 1 further includes a step of preparing biological humus, including the following steps: preparing an organic waste; adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic waste to be between 15 and 20; adding an effective microbial flora to the organic waste to form a premix; and fermenting and composting the premix to produce the biological humus. A method for establishing a bottom-dwelling aquaculture system as described in claim 3, wherein the organic waste is taken from at least one of plant cultivation waste and oil extraction waste. The method for establishing a bottom-dwelling aquaculture system as described in claim 3, wherein the weight percentage of the effective microbial flora is controlled to be no less than 0.5%. The method for establishing a bottom-dwelling aquaculture system as described in claim 3, wherein the premix is fermented and decomposed for at least 10 days in an environment of not less than 50°C to produce the biological humus. The method for establishing a bottom-dwelling aquaculture system as described in claim 1, wherein the predetermined water depth is not higher than 40 centimeters and the predetermined period is not shorter than 5 days. The method for establishing a bottom-dwelling aquaculture system as described in claim 4, wherein the biological humus is spread on the bottom of the pond and then the topsoil of the bottom of the pond is tilled for 15 cm to 25 cm; the amount of the biological humus added is controlled to be not less than 0.5 kg/m2; the weight percentage of the effective microbial flora is controlled to be not less than 1%; the premix is fermented and decomposed for at least 10 days in an environment of not less than 50°C to produce the biological humus; the biological humus is fermented and decomposed until the effective bacterial count is greater than 1.5×10 ⁹ CFU/g; the predetermined water depth is not higher than 40 cm, and the predetermined period is not shorter than 7 days; at least two submerged pumps are installed at intervals around the circumference of the breeding pond, wherein each of the submerged pumps includes a water outlet pipe, and during the breeding period, a height distance is controlled between a water outlet of the water outlet pipe and a water surface of a water body in the breeding pond, and the height distance is not less than 30 cm, and the at least two submerged pumps are controlled to drive the water body in the breeding pond to flow along a water flow direction; a water outlet of at least one of the submerged pumps is installed with a water outlet Venturi tubes are provided, each of which is provided with a drain outlet, and the drain outlet is controlled to be located 50 cm to 75 cm above the water surface of the aquaculture pond; at least one bioreactor is installed in the aquaculture pond, wherein the at least one bioreactor is used to adsorb pollutants in the aquaculture pond and biodegrade the pollutants, and each of the bioreactors is located on a vortex flow path of the water body or at the center of the vortex flow path; during the aquaculture period, the at least two submerged pumps are controlled to drive the water in the aquaculture pond to pass through the at least one bioreactor. A bottom-dwelling aquaculture system is constructed by using the establishment method described in any one of claims 1 to 7, including: At least two submerged pumps are arranged in the aquaculture pond at intervals around the circumference of the aquaculture pond and are located below a water surface of the aquaculture pond. The at least two submerged pumps are used to absorb water in the aquaculture pond to drive the water in the aquaculture pond to flow in a water flow direction. Each of the submerged pumps includes an outlet pipe, which is used to pass through the water surface of the aquaculture pond; and a plurality of venturi tubes, each of which is connected to the outlet pipe of the submerged pump; wherein each of the submerged pumps absorbs water in the aquaculture pond through the outlet pipe and the venturi tube and then discharges it back to the aquaculture pond.

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