TWI722080B - 共結晶、其製造方法及含有共結晶的醫藥 - Google Patents
共結晶、其製造方法及含有共結晶的醫藥 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係提供(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮及能夠與該化合物形成共結晶的有機酸之共結晶。
Description
本發明係關於(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮之共結晶及其製造方法。
其中,各基團係如專利文獻1中所定義(下文中有時簡稱為「化合物1」)。又,在專利文獻1之實施例5中,已製造下式所示(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮作為化合物
1之一具體例:
(下文中有時簡稱為「化合物(A)」)。
此外,專利文獻1之段落〔0083〕記載化合物1可以共結晶之形式存在。共結晶一般而言意指其中構成該共結晶之多成分係藉由非為離子鍵之鍵或交互作用(例如氫鍵、凡得瓦力(Van der Waals’force)、π-π鍵等)進行鍵結之晶體,且其係與其中多成分係藉由離子鍵進行鍵結之鹽有所區別。
專利文獻1:WO 2014/164558
本發明之目的為改善化合物(A)的溶解特性及口服吸收性。
本發明者等人經深入研究而發現化合物(A)及能夠與化合物(A)形成共結晶的有機酸之共結晶相較於
化合物(A)而言係顯示出經改善之溶解特性。基於此發現之本發明係如下述。
[1]一種共結晶,其係(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮及能夠與前述化合物形成共結晶的有機酸之共結晶。
[2]如前述[1]之共結晶,其中,該有機酸為羧酸。
[3]如前述[2]之共結晶,其中,該羧酸為式(I)所示化合物:HOOC-R1-X (I)
其中,X為羥基或羧基,以及R1為式(Ia)所示二價基:*-C(R2)=C(R3)-** (Ia){其中,R2及R3各自獨立地為氫原子或視需要經取代之C1-6烷基,或彼此鍵結以連同其所鍵結之碳原子形成視需要經取代之C6-14烴環,*為對HOOC之結合位置,以及**為對X之結合位置}、或式(Ib)所示二價基:*-C(R4)(R5)-** (Ib){其中,R4及R5各自獨立地為氫原子、視需要經取代之C1-6烷基、或視需要經取代之C6-14芳基,
*為對HOOC之結合位置,以及**為對X之結合位置}。
[4]如前述[3]之共結晶,其中,該視需要經取代之C1-6烷基為視需要具有選自羥基及羧基所組成群組之至少一個取代基之C1-6烷基。
[5]如前述[3]之共結晶,其中,該視需要經取代之C6-14烴環為視需要具有選自羥基及羧基所組成群組之至少一個取代基之苯環。
[6]如前述[3]之共結晶,其中,該視需要經取代之C6-14芳基為視需要具有選自羥基及羧基所組成群組之至少一個取代基之苯基。
[7]如前述[3]之共結晶,其中,該式(I)所示化合物為龍膽酸、水楊酸、馬來酸、丙二酸、蘋果酸、杏仁酸或檸檬酸。
[8]如前述[3]之共結晶,其中,該式(I)所示化合物為龍膽酸、水楊酸或馬來酸。
[9]如前述[3]之共結晶,其中,該式(I)所示化合物為龍膽酸。
[10]如前述[9]之共結晶,其中,(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮與龍膽酸之莫耳比((S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮:龍膽酸)為1:0.5至1:5。
[11]一種醫藥,其係包含前述[1]至[10]中任一項之共結晶。
[12]一種製造前述[3]之共結晶之方法,其係包含將(S)-3-(1-
((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮的強鹼性水溶液、及式(I)所示化合物的溶液進行混合並攪拌:HOOC-R1-X (I)其中,X為羥基或羧基,以及R1為式(Ia)所示二價基:*-C(R2)=C(R3)-** (Ia){其中,R2及R3各自獨立地為氫原子或視需要經取代之C1-6烷基,或彼此鍵結以連同其所鍵結之碳原子形成視需要經取代之C6-14烴環,*為對HOOC之結合位置,以及**為對X之結合位置}、或式(Ib)所示二價基:*-C(R4)(R5)-** (Ib){其中,R4及R5各自獨立地為氫原子、視需要經取代之C1-6烷基、或視需要經取代之C6-14芳基,*為對HOOC之結合位置,以及**為對X之結合位置}。
[13]如前述[12]之製造方法,其中,該式(I)所示化合物在該(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮的強鹼性水溶液及該式(I)所示
化合物的溶液之混合溶液中具有0.298至0.592莫耳/L的濃度。
[14]如前述[12]之製造方法,其中,該式(I)所示化合物在該(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮的強鹼性水溶液及該式(I)所示化合物的溶液之混合溶液中具有0.388至0.592莫耳/L的濃度。
[15]如前述[12]之製造方法,其中,該式(I)所示化合物的溶液之溶劑為(i)水;(ii)選自異丙醇、二甲亞碸、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、四氫呋喃、丙酮、2,2,2-三氟乙醇、乙腈、1-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、及乙酸所組成群組之至少一種有機溶劑;或(iii)選自(ii)所述之群組之至少一種有機溶劑及水之混合溶劑。
[16]如前述[12]之製造方法,其係包含將(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮及式(I)所示化合物之共結晶作為晶種添加至該(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮的強鹼性水溶液及該式(I)所示化合物的溶液之混合物中。
[17]如前述[12]至[16]中任一項之製造方法,其中,該式(I)所示化合物為龍膽酸、水楊酸、馬來酸、丙二酸、蘋果酸、杏仁酸或檸檬酸。
[18]如前述[12]至[16]中任一項之製造方法,其中,該式(I)所示化合物為龍膽酸、水楊酸或馬來酸。
[19]如前述[12]至[16]中任一項之製造方法,其中,該式(I)所示化合物為龍膽酸。
藉由將化合物(A)轉換成化合物(A)及能夠與化合物(A)形成共結晶的有機酸之共結晶,可改善化合物(A)的溶解特性及口服吸收性。
第1圖為製造例2中所獲得之化合物(A)及龍膽酸之共結晶之粉末X射線繞射圖。
第2圖為化合物(A)之粉末X射線繞射圖。
第3圖為龍膽酸之粉末X射線繞射圖。
第4圖為製造例15中所獲得之化合物(A)及龍膽酸之共結晶之粉末X射線繞射圖。
第5圖為製造例16中所獲得之化合物(A)及龍膽酸之共結晶之粉末X射線繞射圖。
第6圖為示出藉由實驗例4中之測定所獲得之化合物(A)的血漿濃度與時間之曲線圖。
第7圖為示出藉由實驗例5中之測定所獲得之化合物(A)的血漿濃度與時間之曲線圖。
本發明係提供化合物(A)及能夠與化合物(A)
形成共結晶的有機酸之共結晶。本發明之共結晶相較於化合物(A)而言係溶解特性(溶解性及溶解速率)優異,如下列實驗例所示。溶解特性優異的本發明之共結晶係口服吸收性亦優異。本發明之共結晶可為非水合物或水合物。
作為能夠與化合物(A)形成共結晶的有機酸,較佳為羧酸,更佳為式(I)所示化合物:HOOC-R1-X (I)其中,X為羥基或羧基,以及R1為式(Ia)所示二價基:*-C(R2)=C(R3)-** (Ia){其中,R2及R3各自獨立地為氫原子或視需要經取代之C1-6烷基,或彼此鍵結以連同其所鍵結之碳原子形成視需要經取代之C6-14烴環,*為對HOOC之結合位置,以及**為對X之結合位置}、或式(Ib)所示二價基:*-C(R4)(R5)-** (Ib){其中,R4及R5各自獨立地為氫原子、視需要經取代之C1-6烷基、或視需要經取代之C6-14芳基,*為對HOOC之結合位置,以及**為對X之結合位置}
(下文中有時簡稱為「化合物(I)」)。
化合物(I)具有羧基(HOOC-)與羥基或羧基(-X)之組合,如式(I)所示。此二個基團係與化合物(A)的氮原子及羰基形成氫鍵,一般認為其係導致化合物(A)及化合物(I)之共結晶的形成。
在本說明書中,「C1-6烷基」之實例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、戊基、異戊基、新戊基、1-乙基丙基、己基、異己基、1,1-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基及2-乙基丁基。
在本說明書中,「C6-14芳基」之實例包括苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基及9-蒽基。
在本說明書中,「C6-14烴環」之實例包括C6-14芳香族烴環、C3-10環烷及C3-10環烯。
在本說明書中,「C6-14芳香族烴環」之實例包括苯及萘。
在本說明書中,「C3-10環烷」之實例包括環丙烷、環丁烷、環戊烷、環己烷、環庚烷及環辛烷。
在本說明書中,「C3-10環烯」之實例包括環丙烯、環丁烯、環戊烯、環己烯、環庚烯及環辛烯。
式(I)中之視需要經取代之C1-6烷基、視需要經取代之C6-14芳基及視需要經取代之C6-14烴環可具有之取代基較佳為非鹼性基。當化合物(I)具有鹼性基時,該鹼性基及自化合物(I)的羧基解離之質子會進行鍵結而形成鹽,其可能會抑制化合物(I)及化合物(A)之共結晶的形成。
視需要經取代之C1-6烷基可具有之取代基之實例包括鹵素原子(例如氟、氯、溴、碘)、硝基、氰基、側氧基、羥基、甲醯基、羧基及磺酸基。視需要經取代之C1-6烷基較佳為視需要具有選自羥基及羧基所組成群組之至少一個取代基之C1-6烷基。
視需要經取代之C6-14芳基可具有之取代基之實例包括鹵素原子(例如氟、氯、溴、碘)、硝基、氰基、側氧基、羥基、甲醯基、羧基、磺酸基及視需要經取代之C1-6烷基。視需要經取代之C6-14芳基較佳為視需要具有選自羥基及羧基所組成群組之至少一個取代基之苯基。
視需要經取代之C6-14烴環可具有之取代基之實例包括鹵素原子(例如氟、氯、溴、碘)、硝基、氰基、側氧基、羥基、甲醯基、羧基、磺酸基及視需要經取代之C1-6烷基。視需要經取代之C6-14烴環較佳為視需要具有選自羥基及羧基所組成群組之至少一個取代基之苯環。
化合物(I)較佳為龍膽酸、水楊酸、馬來酸、丙二酸、蘋果酸、杏仁酸或檸檬酸,其各自以下式表示。
蘋果酸可為L-蘋果酸、D-蘋果酸或其混合物,較佳為L-蘋果酸。杏仁酸可為L-杏仁酸、D-杏仁酸或其混合物,較佳為DL-杏仁酸(即(+/-)-杏仁酸)。
化合物(I)更佳為龍膽酸、水楊酸或馬來酸,再佳為龍膽酸。化合物(A)及龍膽酸之共結晶可為非水合物或水合物。化合物(A)及龍膽酸之共結晶較佳為非水合物、單水合物或三水合物,更佳為非水合物。
化合物(A)與龍膽酸在其等之共結晶中之莫耳比(化合物(A):龍膽酸)較佳為1:0.5至1:5,更佳為1:0.9至1:3.1,再佳為1:1或1:3,特佳為1:1。
當在下述實施例中所述之條件下測定粉末X射線繞射時,化合物(A)及龍膽酸之共結晶較佳為顯示出在約13.04±0.2、5.96±0.2、4.67±0.2、3.63±0.2及3.28±0.2埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶,更佳為顯示出在約13.04±0.2、10.92±0.2、9.97±0.2、5.96±0.2、4.67±0.2、3.63±0.2及3.28±0.2埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶,再佳為顯示出在約13.04±0.2、10.92±0.2、9.97±0.2、6.14±0.2、5.96±0.2、5.28±0.2、4.67±0.2、3.63±0.2及3.28±0.2埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶。化合物(A)
與龍膽酸在顯示出該種粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶中之莫耳比(化合物(A):龍膽酸)為1:1。顯示出該種粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶為非水合物。
當在下述實施例中所述之條件下測定粉末X射線繞射時,化合物(A)及龍膽酸之另一共結晶較佳為顯示出在約25.97±0.2、13.06±0.2、6.54±0.2、5.24±0.2及5.02±0.2埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶,更佳為顯示出在約25.97±0.2、13.06±0.2、7.64±0.2、7.08±0.2、6.54±0.2、5.24±0.2及5.02±0.2埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶,再佳為顯示出在約25.97±0.2、13.06±0.2、7.98±0.2、7.64±0.2,7.08±0.2、6.54±0.2、6.01±0.2、5.24±0.2及5.02±0.2埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶。化合物(A)與龍膽酸在顯示出該種粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶中之莫耳比(化合物(A):龍膽酸)為1:3。顯示出該種粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶為三水合物。
當在下述實施例中所述之條件下測定粉末X射線繞射時,化合物(A)及龍膽酸之再一共結晶較佳為顯示出在約25.08±0.2、6.83±0.2、6.25±0.2、5.25±0.2及5.01±0.2埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶,更佳為顯示出在約25.08±0.2、7.20±0.2、6.83±0.2、6.42±0.2、6.25±0.2、5.25±0.2及5.01±0.2埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶,再佳為顯示出在約25.08±0.2、9.02±0.2、7.20±0.2、6.83±0.2、6.42±0.2、
6.25±0.2、5.98±0.2、5.25±0.2及5.01±0.2埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶。化合物(A)與龍膽酸在顯示出該種粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶中之莫耳比(化合物(A):龍膽酸)為1:3。顯示出該種粉末X射線繞射圖案之共結晶為單水合物。
本發明亦提供化合物(A)之共結晶之製造方法。該共結晶可藉由將化合物(A)添加至能夠與化合物(A)形成共結晶的有機酸(較佳為羧酸,更佳為化合物(I))的飽和溶液中並將混合物進行攪拌而予以製造。以下藉由使用化合物(I)作為能夠與化合物(A)形成共結晶的有機酸之代表性實例說明此具體例之製造方法(下文中有時簡稱為「製造方法1」)。
化合物(I)的飽和溶液之溶劑之實例包括乙腈、二甲亞碸(DMSO)、二甲基乙醯胺(DMAc)、甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇、四氫呋喃(THF)、丙酮、醋酸乙酯、N-甲基吡咯啶酮(NMP)、乙酸及水。可僅使用一種溶劑或可組合使用二或更多種溶劑。此等之中,較佳為乙腈。
在製造方法1中,所使用之化合物(I)的飽和溶液的量係相對於1g的化合物(A)而言較佳為1至1000mL,更佳為10至100mL。雖然攪拌速率係取決於所使用之裝置的規格而有所不同,但其係例如為1至1200rpm,較佳為20至600rpm。攪拌溫度較佳為0至100℃,更佳為20至30℃。攪拌時間較佳為2小時至6日,更佳為1日至6日。
化合物(A)之共結晶亦可藉由將化合物(A)的強鹼性水溶液及能夠與化合物(A)形成共結晶的有機酸(較佳為羧酸,更佳為化合物(I))的溶液進行混合,並將混合物進行攪拌而予以製造。以下藉由使用化合物(I)作為能夠與化合物(A)形成共結晶的有機酸之代表性實例說明此具體例之製造方法(下文中有時簡稱為「製造方法2」)。
可僅使用一種強鹼或可組合使用二或更多種強鹼。強鹼之實例包括氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氫氧化鋰及氫氧化銫。此等之中,較佳為氫氧化鈉或氫氧化鉀,更佳為氫氧化鈉。
化合物(A)在強鹼性水溶液中之濃度較佳為0.010至0.200莫耳/L,更佳為0.100至0.200莫耳/L,再佳為0.150至0.200莫耳/L。強鹼在強鹼性水溶液中之濃度較佳為0.010至0.200莫耳/L,更佳為0.100至0.200莫耳/L,再佳為0.150至0.200莫耳/L。
在製造方法2中,化合物(I)的溶液之溶劑之實例包括下列者:(i)水;(ii)選自異丙醇、二甲亞碸、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、四氫呋喃、丙酮、2,2,2-三氟乙醇、乙腈、1-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮及乙酸所組成群組之至少一種有機溶劑;或(iii)選自(ii)所述之群組之至少一種有機溶劑及水之混合溶劑。
作為化合物(I)的溶液之溶劑,較佳為上述(iii)之有機溶劑及水之混合溶劑,更佳為異丙醇及水之混合溶劑。有機溶劑(特定而言,異丙醇)在混合溶劑中之量較佳為1至99體積%,更佳為30至70體積%,再佳為45至55體積%。
在製造方法2中,化合物(I)在化合物(A)的強鹼性水溶液及化合物(I)的溶液之混合溶液中之濃度較佳為0.298至0.592莫耳/L,更佳為0.388至0.592莫耳/L,再佳為0.388至0.479莫耳/L。
在製造方法2中,所使用之化合物(I)的量係相對於1莫耳的化合物(A)而言較佳為2.3至5.2莫耳,更佳為3.0至5.2莫耳,再佳為3.0至4.0莫耳。雖然混合溶液之攪拌速率係取決於所使用之裝置的規格而有所不同,但其係例如為1至1200rpm,較佳為20至600rpm。攪拌溫度較佳為0至100℃,更佳為20至30℃。攪拌時間較佳為0.1小時至10日,更佳為0.5日至3日。
在製造方法2中,雖然化合物(A)的強鹼性水溶液及化合物(I)的溶液之混合方法並無特別限制,但較佳係將化合物(I)的溶液滴加至化合物(A)的強鹼性水溶液中並將混合物進行混合。
在製造方法2中,可在將混合物進行攪拌之前、期間、之後以超音波照射化合物(A)的強鹼性水溶液及化合物(I)的溶液之混合物。超音波照射時間較佳為1分鐘至3日,更佳為1至3小時。
在製造方法2中,為了促進共結晶的沉澱,較佳係將化合物(A)及化合物(I)之共結晶作為晶種添加至化合物(A)的強鹼性水溶液及化合物(I)的溶液之混合物中。所添加之晶種(共結晶)的量係相對於1g的化合物(A)而言較佳為0.1至200mg,更佳為0.5至50mg,再佳為0.5至10mg。作為晶種,可使用預先在製造方法1或2中所製備之共結晶。雖然晶種之添加時間並無特別限制,但其較佳係在將化合物(A)的強鹼性水溶液及化合物(I)的溶液進行混合後且在將混合物進行攪拌前進行添加。
本發明亦提供含有本發明之共結晶之醫藥(醫藥組成物或調配物)。在下列說明中,除非特別記載,否則係使用下列定義。
「對象」係指哺乳動物,包括人類。
「醫藥上可接受」之物質係指適於投予至對象之物質。
「進行治療(treating)」係指對該種術語所應用之疾病、疾患或病症之進展加以反轉、緩和、抑制或者對該疾病、疾患或病症加以預防、或對該種疾患、疾病或病症之一或多種症狀之進展加以反轉、緩和、抑制或者對該種疾患、疾病或病症之一或多種症狀加以預防。
「治療(treatment)」係指如恰好於上所定義之「進行治療(treating)」之行為。
「藥物」、「藥品物質」、「活性醫藥成分」等係指可用於對需要治療之對象進行治療之化合物。
藥物的「有效量」、藥物的「治療有效量」等係指可用於治療對象且可取決於對象的重量及年齡以及投予途徑等諸如此類之藥物的量。
「賦形劑」係指用於藥物之任何稀釋劑或媒劑。
「醫藥組成物」係指一或多種藥品物質與一或多種賦形劑之組合。
「藥物產品」、「醫藥劑型」、「劑型」、「最終劑型」等係指適於對需要治療之對象進行治療且一般可呈錠劑、膠囊、含有粉末或顆粒之藥包、液體溶液或懸浮液、貼片、薄膜等之形式之醫藥組成物。
「與BTK相關之病症」及類似詞語係涉及抑制BTK可對其提供治療或預防效益之對象中之疾病、疾患或病症。
本發明之共結晶可單獨投予、或者彼此組合或與一或多種不同於本發明之共結晶之藥理學上活性化合物組合而投予。一般而言,本發明之共結晶及一或多種此等化合物係連同一或多種醫藥上可接受之賦形劑以醫藥組成物(調配物)之形式進行投予。賦形劑的選擇係取決於特定投予模式、賦形劑對溶解性及安定性之效果、以及劑型的性質等諸如此類。有用的醫藥組成物及其製備方法可見於例如A.R.Gennaro(ed.),Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy(20th ed.,2000)。
本發明之共結晶可經口投予。經口投予可
牽涉到吞嚥,在此情況,化合物(A)係經由胃腸道進入血流。替代地或附加地,經口投予可牽涉到黏膜投予(例如經頰、舌下、舌上投予)而使化合物(A)通過口腔黏膜進入血流。
適於經口投予之調配物包括固體、半固體及液體系統,諸如錠劑;含有多微粒或奈米微粒、液體、或粉末之軟或硬膠囊;可填充液體之口含錠;口嚼片;凝膠;快速分散劑型;膜劑;塞劑(ovule);噴霧劑;以及口頰或黏膜黏著性貼片。液體調配物包括懸浮液、溶液、糖漿及酏劑。該種調配物可用作軟或硬膠囊(由例如明膠或羥丙基甲基纖維素所製成)中之填充物且典型地包含載劑(例如水、乙醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、甲基纖維素、適宜的油)及一或多種乳化劑、懸浮劑或兩者。液體調配物亦可藉由固體的回復(例如由藥包)而予以製備。
本發明之共結晶亦可用於快速溶解及快速崩解劑型,諸如Liang and Chen,Expert Opinion in Therapeutic Patents(2001)11(6):981-986中所述者。
關於錠劑劑型,取決於劑量,活性醫藥成分(下文中有時簡稱為「API」)可包含該劑型之約1重量%至約80重量%,更典型地為該劑型之約5重量%至約60重量%。除了API以外,錠劑尚可包括一或多種崩解劑、黏結劑、稀釋劑、界面活性劑、助流劑、潤滑劑、抗氧化劑、著色劑、調味劑、防腐劑及矯味劑。崩解劑之實例包括乙醇酸澱粉鈉、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基纖維素鈣、交
聯羧甲基纖維素鈉、交聯聚維酮(crospovidone)、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、甲基纖維素、微晶纖維素、經C1-6烷基取代之羥丙基纖維素、澱粉、預糊化澱粉及海藻酸鈉。一般而言,崩解劑將包含該劑型之約1重量%至約25重量%,較佳為約5重量%至約20重量%。
黏結劑一般係用於對錠劑調配物賦予黏聚性。適宜的黏結劑包括微晶纖維素、明膠、糖類、聚乙二醇、天然及合成膠類、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、預糊化澱粉、羥丙基纖維素及羥丙基甲基纖維素。錠劑亦可含有稀釋劑,諸如乳糖(單水合物、經噴霧乾燥之單水合物、無水物)、甘露糖醇、木糖醇、右旋糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、微晶纖維素、澱粉及磷酸氫鈣二水合物。
錠劑亦可包括界面活性劑,諸如月桂基硫酸鈉及聚山梨醇酯80;以及助流劑,諸如二氧化矽及滑石。當存在時,界面活性劑可包含該錠劑之約0.2重量%至約5重量%,且助流劑可包含該錠劑之約0.2重量%至約1重量%。
錠劑亦可含有潤滑劑,諸如硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鋅、硬脂醯基富馬酸鈉、及硬脂酸鎂與月桂基硫酸鈉之混合物。潤滑劑可包含該錠劑之約0.25重量%至約10重量%,較佳為約0.5重量%至約3重量%。
可將錠劑摻合物直接地或藉由碾壓進行壓製以形成錠劑。可替代地在打錠前將錠劑摻合物或部分摻合物進行濕式造粒、乾式造粒或熔融造粒、熔融凝結、或
擠製。若有必要,在進行摻合前,可藉由過篩或研磨或兩者對一或多種成分進行定尺寸。最終劑型可包含一或多個層,且可為經包覆、未經包覆或經包囊。例示性錠劑可含有高達約80重量%的API、約10重量%至約90重量%的黏結劑、約0重量%至約85重量%的稀釋劑、約2重量%至約10重量%的崩解劑、及約0.25重量%至約10重量%的潤滑劑。關於摻合、造粒、研磨、過篩、打錠、包覆以及用於製備藥物產品之可選技術之討論,參見A.R.Gennaro(ed.),Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy(20th ed.,2000);H.A.Lieberman et al.(ed.),Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms:Tablets,Vol.1-3(2d ed.,1990);以及D.K.Parikh & C.K.Parikh,Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology,Vol.81(1997)。
用於人類或獸醫用途之消耗性經口膜為可迅速地溶解或具黏膜黏著性之柔軟的水溶性或水膨潤性薄膜劑型。除了API以外,典型的膜尚包括一或多種膜形成聚合物、黏結劑、保濕劑、可塑劑、安定劑或乳化劑、黏度調節劑及溶劑。其他膜成分可包括抗氧化劑、著色劑、香料及增味劑、防腐劑、唾液刺激劑、冷卻劑、共溶劑(包括油類)、軟化劑、增量劑、消泡劑、界面活性劑以及矯味劑。該調配物之某些成分可執行超過一種功能。
除了劑量需求以外,API在膜中之量尚可取決於其溶解性。若為水溶性,API係典型地包含膜中之非溶劑成分(溶質)之約1重量%至約80重量%,較佳為膜中
之溶質之約20重量%至約50重量%。難溶性API可包含組成物之較大比例,典型地高達膜中之非溶劑成分之約88重量%。
膜形成聚合物可選自天然多醣、蛋白質或合成親水膠體,且典型地包含膜之約0.01重量%至約99重量%,較佳為約30重量%至約80重量%。
膜劑型係典型地藉由將塗佈於可剝離式背支撐體或紙張之水性膜進行蒸發乾燥而製備,其可在乾燥烘箱或烘道(例如在組合式塗佈乾燥裝置中)中、在冷凍乾燥設備中、或在真空烘箱中施行。
用於經口投予之有用的固體調配物可包括立即釋放型調配物及改良釋放型調配物。改良釋放型調配物包括延遲釋放型、持續釋放型、脈衝釋放型、調控釋放型、靶向釋放型及程序化釋放型。關於適宜的改良釋放型調配物之一般說明,參見美國專利第6,106,864號。關於其他有用的釋放技術(諸如高能分散體以及滲透性及包覆微粒)之詳情,參見Verma et al,Pharmaceutical Technology On-line(2001)25(2):1-14。
本發明之共結晶亦可直接地投予至對象的血流、肌肉或內部器官。用於非經口投予之適宜的技術包括靜脈內、動脈內、腹膜內、鞘內、心室內、尿道內、胸骨內、顱內、肌內、滑膜腔內、及皮下投予。用於非經口投予之適宜的裝置包括針注射器(包括微針注射器)、無針注射器、及輸注裝置。
非經口調配物典型地為水溶液,其可含有賦形劑,諸如鹽類、碳水化合物及緩衝劑(例如pH 3至9)。然而,對於某些應用,本發明之共結晶可更適宜地調配成無菌非水溶液或調配成與適宜的媒劑(諸如無菌不含熱原之水)配合使用之乾燥形式。非經口調配物在無菌條件下之製備(例如藉由冷凍乾燥)可使用標準醫藥技術輕易地完成。
可通過適當的調配技術,諸如加入溶解性增強劑而增加用於製備非經口溶液之化合物的溶解性。用於非經口投予之調配物可調配成立即或改良釋放型。改良釋放型調配物包括延遲釋放型、持續釋放型、脈衝釋放型、調控釋放型、靶向釋放型及程序化釋放型。因此,本發明之共結晶可調配成用於以提供活性化合物的改良釋放之植入式儲庫之形式進行投予之懸浮液、固體、半固體或觸變性液體。該種調配物之實例包括經藥物塗覆之支架、以及包含裝載有藥物之聚(DL-乳酸-共-甘醇酸)(下文中有時簡稱為「PGLA」)微球之半固體或懸浮液。
本發明之共結晶亦可局部、皮內或經皮投予至皮膚或黏膜。用於此目的之典型的調配物包括凝膠、水凝膠、洗劑、溶液、乳霜、軟膏、撒粉、敷料、泡沫、膜、皮膚貼片、片劑(wafer)、植入劑、海綿、纖維、繃帶及微乳液。亦可使用脂質體。典型的載劑可包括醇、水、礦物油、液態石蠟脂、白石蠟脂、甘油、聚乙二醇及丙二醇。局部調配物亦可包括滲透增進劑。參見例如Finnin and
Morgan,J.Pharm.Sci.88(10):955-958(1999)。
局部投予之其他手段包括藉由電穿孔、離子導入、超音波導入(phonophoresis)、超聲波導入(sonophoresis)、微針或無針(例如PowderjectTM及BiojectTM)注射進行遞送。用於局部投予之調配物可調配成如上述之立即或改良釋放型。
本發明之共結晶亦可鼻內或藉由吸入投予,典型地以乾燥粉末、氣溶膠噴霧或滴鼻劑之形式。可使用吸入器投予乾燥粉末,其係包含單獨API、API及稀釋劑(諸如乳糖)之粉末摻合物、或包括API及磷脂(諸如磷脂醯膽鹼)之混合成分粒子。對於鼻內使用,粉末可包括生物黏附劑,例如殼聚醣或環糊精。可使用加壓容器、泵、噴霧器、霧化器或氣霧器由包含API、用於分散、增溶或延長API的釋放之一或多種用劑(例如含水或不含水之乙醇)、當作推進劑之一或多種溶劑(例如1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷或1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷)、以及視需要的界面活性劑(諸如山梨糖醇酐三油酸酯、油酸、及低聚乳酸)之溶液或懸浮液產生氣溶膠噴霧。可使用採用電流體動力學之霧化器來製造細霧。
在使用於乾燥粉末或懸浮液調配物之前,通常將藥物研磨成適於藉由吸入遞送之粒徑(典型地90%的粒子以體積為基準具有低於5微米之最大尺寸)。此可藉由任何適當的尺寸縮減方法完成,諸如螺旋噴射研磨、流體床噴射研磨、超臨界流體加工、高壓均質化及噴霧乾燥。
用於吸入器或吹入器之膠囊、泡殼及筒匣(由例如明膠或羥丙基甲基纖維素所製成)可調配成含有活性化合物、適宜的粉末基質(諸如乳糖及澱粉)、及性能改良劑(諸如L-白胺酸、甘露糖醇及硬脂酸鎂)之粉末混合物。乳糖可為無水物或單水合物。其他適宜的賦形劑包括葡聚糖、葡萄糖、麥芽糖、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、果糖、蔗糖及海藻糖。
用於採用電流體動力學來製造細霧之霧化器之適宜的溶液調配物可含有每致動約1μg至約20mg的API,且致動體積可在約1μL至約100μL內變化。典型的調配物可包含本發明之一或多種共結晶、丙二醇、無菌水、乙醇及NaCl。可用於代替丙二醇之可選溶劑包括甘油及聚乙二醇。
用於吸入投予、鼻內投予、或兩者之調配物可使用例如PGLA調配成立即或改良釋放型。可將適宜的調味劑(諸如薄荷腦及左旋薄荷腦)、或甜味劑(諸如糖精及糖精鈉)添加至意圖用於吸入/鼻內投予之調配物中。
在乾燥粉末吸入器及氣溶膠之情況,劑量單位係藉由傳送計測量之閥決定。單位係典型地配設成投予含有約10μg至約1000μg的API之計測劑量或「噴量」(puff)。每日總劑量係典型地介於約100μg至約10mg之範圍,其可以單一劑量投予,或更通常於一整日內以分割劑量之形式投予。
本發明之共結晶可例如以栓劑、子宮托或
灌腸劑之形式經直腸或經陰道投予。可可脂為慣用的栓劑基質,但在適當時可使用各種替代品。用於直腸或陰道投予之調配物可調配成如上述之立即或改良釋放型。
本發明之共結晶亦可直接地投予至眼或耳,典型地以於等張性且經pH調節的無菌鹽水中之微粒化懸浮液或溶液之滴劑之形式。適於經眼及經耳投予之其他調配物包括軟膏、凝膠、生物可降解性植入劑(例如可吸收性凝膠海綿、膠原)、非生物可降解性植入劑(例如聚矽氧)、片劑、鏡片、微粒、或囊泡系統(諸如非離子界面活性劑囊泡(niosome)或脂質體)。該調配物可包括一或多種聚合物及防腐劑(諸如氯化苄烷銨(benzalkonium chloride))。典型的聚合物包括交聯聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇、玻尿酸、纖維素聚合物(例如羥丙基甲基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、甲基纖維素)及雜多醣聚合物(例如結蘭膠(gelan gum))。該種調配物亦可藉由離子導入進行遞送。用於經眼或經耳投予之調配物可調配成如上述之立即或改良釋放型。
為了改善本發明之共結晶的溶解性、溶解速率、掩味性、生物可利用性或安定性,本發明之共結晶可與可溶性大分子實體(諸如環糊精及其衍生物、以及含有聚乙二醇之聚合物)進行組合。舉例而言,API-環糊精複合物一般係有用於大部分劑型及投予途徑。可使用包合複合物及非包合複合物兩者。作為與API直接複合之替代方案,可使用環糊精作為輔助添加劑,即,作為載體、稀釋劑或增溶劑。α-、β-及γ-環糊精係經常用於此等目的。
參見例如WO 91/11172、WO 94/02518及WO 98/55148。
如上所提及,本發明之共結晶可彼此組合或與一或多種其他醫藥上活性之化合物組合以治療各種疾病、疾患或病症。在該種情況,活性化合物可如上述以單一劑型組合,或者可以適於共同投予組成物之套組之形式提供。該套組包含:(1)二或更多種不同的醫藥組成物,其中至少一種含有本發明之共結晶;以及(2)用於個別容納該兩種醫藥組成物之裝置,諸如分隔式瓶或分隔式箔包。該種套組之實例為常見用於包裝錠劑或膠囊之泡殼包裝。該套組係適於投予不同類型的劑型(例如經口及非經口)、或適於以個別不同的給藥間隔投予不同的醫藥組成物、或適於進行不同的醫藥組成物對另一者之漸進式給藥。為了有助於患者順應性,該套組典型地包含投予指導,且可提供記憶輔助器。
關於投予至人類患者,本發明之共結晶的每日總劑量係依投予途徑典型地介於約0.1mg至約3000mg之範圍。舉例而言,經口投予可能需要約1mg至約3000mg的每日總劑量,而靜脈內劑量可能僅需要約0.1mg至約300mg的每日總劑量。每日總劑量可以單一或分割劑量投予,且在醫師的判定下,可落於以上所提之典型的範圍之外。儘管此等劑量係以具有約60kg至約70kg的體重之平均人類對象為基準,但醫師將能夠決定對於體重落於此重量範圍之外之患者(例如嬰兒)適當的劑量。本發明之共結晶可顯示出低毒性且溶解特性及口服吸收性優異,而有
用於作為醫藥(醫藥組成物或調配物)之原料。
如上所提及,本發明之共結晶可用於治療顯示須抑制BTK之疾病、疾患或病症。該種疾病、疾患或病症一般係涉及對其抑制BTK會提供治療效益之對象中之任何不健康或異常狀態。更詳細而言,該種疾病、疾患或病症可能牽涉到免疫系統及發炎,包括第I型過敏(過敏性)反應(過敏性鼻炎、過敏性氣喘及異位性皮膚炎);自體免疫疾病(類風濕性關節炎、多發性硬化症、全身性紅斑性狼瘡、牛皮癬、狼瘡性腎炎、免疫性血小板缺乏紫斑症、薛格連氏症候群(Sjögren’s syndrome)、關節僵直性脊椎炎及貝賽特氏症(Behcet’s disease));發炎性腸道疾病;肺臟發炎(慢性阻塞性肺疾病)、動脈粥樣硬化、血栓症及心肌梗塞。本發明之共結晶亦可用於治療涉及異常細胞增生之疾病、疾患或病症,包括血液惡性疾病,諸如急性骨髓性白血病、B細胞慢性淋巴細胞性白血病、B細胞淋巴瘤(例如套細胞淋巴瘤)、T細胞淋巴瘤(例如週邊T細胞淋巴瘤)及多發性骨髓瘤、以及上皮癌(即惡性腫瘤),諸如肺癌(小細胞肺癌及非小細胞肺癌)、胰臟癌及結腸直腸癌。
除了以上所提及之血液惡性疾病及上皮癌以外,本發明之共結晶亦可用於治療其他類型的癌症,包括白血病(慢性骨髓性白血病及慢性淋巴細胞性白血病);乳癌、泌尿生殖器癌、皮膚癌、骨癌、前列腺癌及肝癌;腦癌;咽喉、膽囊、直腸、副甲狀腺、甲狀腺、腎上腺、神經組織、膀胱、頭、頸、胃、支氣管及腎之癌症;基底
細胞癌、鱗狀上皮細胞癌、轉移性皮膚癌、骨肉瘤、尤文氏肉瘤(Ewing’s sarcoma)、網狀細胞肉瘤及卡波西氏肉瘤(Kaposi’s sarcoma);骨髓瘤、巨細胞瘤、胰島細胞瘤、急性及慢性淋巴細胞及顆粒細胞瘤、毛髮細胞瘤、腺瘤、髓狀癌、嗜鉻細胞瘤、黏膜神經瘤、腸道神經節瘤、增生性角膜神經瘤、類馬方氏症體型瘤(marfanoid habitus tumor)、威爾姆氏瘤(Wilms’tumor)、精細胞瘤、卵巢瘤、平滑肌瘤、子宮頸發育不良、神經母細胞瘤、視網膜母細胞瘤、骨髓增生不良症候群、橫紋肌肉瘤、星狀細胞瘤、非何杰金氏淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma)、惡性高鈣血症、真性紅血球增多症、腺角化癌、多形性神經膠母細胞瘤、神經膠瘤、淋巴瘤及惡性黑色素瘤等諸如此類。
除了癌症以外,本發明之共結晶亦可用於治療其他涉及異常細胞增生之疾病、疾患或病症,包括非惡性增生性疾病,諸如良性前列腺肥大、血管再狹窄、過度增生、滑膜增生疾患、特發性漿細胞性淋巴結病、視網膜病變或其他眼部的血管新生疾患等諸如此類。
除了以上所列者以外,本發明之共結晶亦可用於治療自體免疫疾病、疾患或病症。該種疾病、疾患或病症包括克隆氏症(Crohn’s disease)、皮肌炎、第1型糖尿病、古巴士德氏症候群(Goodpasture’s syndrome)、葛瑞夫茲氏症(Graves’disease)、吉蘭-巴利症候群(Guillain-Barré syndrome)、橋本氏症(Hashimoto’s disease)、混合性結締組織損傷、重症肌無力、猝睡症、尋常型天皰
瘡、惡性貧血、多發性肌炎、原發性膽汁性肝硬化、顯動脈炎、潰瘍性結腸炎、脈管炎及韋格氏肉芽腫(Wegener’s granulomatosis)等諸如此類。
本發明之共結晶亦可用於治療發炎性疾病、疾患或病症,包括氣喘、慢性發炎、慢性前列腺炎、腎小球性腎炎、過敏、發炎性腸道疾病(潰瘍性結腸炎,除此以外,克隆氏症)、骨盆發炎性疾病、再灌流損傷、移植排斥、脈管炎及全身性發炎反應症候群。
本發明之共結晶亦可用於治療可落入上述之一或多種普遍性疾患內之特定疾病或病症,包括關節炎。除了類風濕性關節炎、薛格連氏症候群、全身性紅斑性狼瘡、兒童及青少年中之SLE以外,本發明之共結晶亦可用於治療其他關節炎疾病,包括關節僵直性脊椎炎、缺血性壞死、貝賽特氏症、黏液囊炎、焦磷酸鈣二水合物結晶沉積症(假性痛風)、腕道症候群、埃勒斯-當洛二氏症候群(Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)、纖維肌痛、第五病(Fifth disease)、巨細胞動脈炎、痛風、幼年性皮肌炎、幼年性類風濕性關節炎、幼年性脊椎關節病變、萊姆病(Lyme disease)、馬方氏症候群(Marfan syndrome)、肌炎、骨關節炎、成骨不全症、骨質疏鬆症、柏哲德氏症(Paget’s disease)、牛皮癬性關節炎、雷諾氏現象(Raynaud’s phenomenon)、反應性關節炎、反射性交感神經功能失常症候群、硬皮症、椎管狹窄、史迪爾氏症(Still’s disease)及肌腱炎等諸如此類。
本發明之共結晶可與用於治療一或多種顯示須針對BTK之疾病、疾患或病症(包括牽涉到免疫系統、發炎及異常細胞增生者)之一或多種其他藥理學上活性之化合物或療法進行組合。舉例而言,本發明之共結晶可同時地、依序地或分開地與用於治療關節炎(包括類風濕性關節炎及骨關節炎)、或用於治療癌症(包括血液惡性疾病,諸如急性骨髓性白血病、B細胞慢性淋巴細胞性白血病、B細胞淋巴瘤、T細胞淋巴瘤及多發性骨髓瘤、以及惡性腫瘤,諸如肺癌、胰臟癌及結腸直腸癌)之一或多種化合物或療法組合投予。該種組合可提供顯著的治療優勢,包括較少的副作用、經改善之治療醫療服務不足的患者族群之能力或協同活性。
舉例而言,當用於治療關節炎時,本發明之共結晶可與一或多種非類固醇抗發炎藥物(nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug,NSAID)、鎮痛劑、皮質類固醇、生物反應調節劑、及蛋白-A免疫吸附療法進行組合。替代地或附加地,當治療類風濕性關節炎時,本發明之共結晶可與一或多種疾病緩解性抗風濕藥物(disease modifying antirheumatic drug,DMARD)進行組合,而當治療骨關節炎時,本發明之共結晶可與一或多種骨質疏鬆症藥劑進行組合。
代表性NSAID包括阿扎丙宗(apazone)、阿司匹林(aspirin)、塞來昔布(celecoxib)、雙氯芬酸(diclofenac)(含及不含米索前列醇(misoprostol))、雙氟尼酸(diflunisal)、
依托度酸(etodolac)、芬諾普芬(fenoprofen)、夫比普洛芬(flurbiprofen)、伊普芬(ibuprofen)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、克特普芬(ketoprofen)、美洛芬鈉(meclofenamate sodium)、甲芬那酸(mefenamic acid)、美洛昔康(meloxicam)、萘丁美酮(nabumetone)、萘普生(naproxen)、奧沙普秦(oxaprozin)、苯基丁氮酮(phenylbutazone)、吡羅昔康(piroxicam)、水楊酸膽鹼鎂、雙水楊酸酯(salsalate)及舒林達酸(sulindac)。代表性鎮痛劑包括乙醯胺酚(acetaminophen)及硫酸嗎啡(morphine sulfate),以及可待因(codeine)、氫可酮(hydrocodone)、羥考酮(oxycodone)、丙氧芬(propoxyphene)及妥美度(tramadol),全部皆含或不含乙醯胺酚。代表性皮質類固醇包括貝他每松(betamethasone)、乙酸可體松(cortisone acetate)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、氫皮質酮(hydrocortisone)、甲基潑尼松龍(methylprednisolone)、潑尼松龍(predonisolone)及普賴松(prednisone)。代表性生物反應調節劑包括TNF-α抑制劑,諸如阿達木單抗(adalimumab)、依那西普(etanercept)及英夫利昔單抗(infliximab);選擇性B細胞抑制劑,諸如利妥昔單抗(rituximab);IL-1抑制劑,諸如阿那白滯素(anakinra);以及選擇性共刺激調節劑,諸如阿巴西普(abatacept)。
代表性DMARD包括金諾芬(auranofin)(口服金劑)、硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、環磷醯胺(cyclophosamide)、環孢素(cyclosporine)、金硫丁二鈉(sodium aurothiomalate)(注射金劑)、羥氯喹(hydroxychloroquine)、來氟米特(leflunomide)、氨甲喋呤
(methotrexate)、米諾環素(minocycline)、黴酚酸酯(mycophenolate mofetil)、青黴胺(penicillamine)、柳氮磺吡啶(sulfasalazine)及JAK3抑制劑(例如托法替尼(tofacitinib)。代表性骨質疏鬆症藥劑包括雙膦酸酯類,諸如阿侖膦酸鈉(alendronate)、伊班膦酸鈉(ibandronate)、利塞膦酸鈉(risedronate)及唑來膦酸(zoledronic acid);選擇性雌激素受體調節劑,諸如屈洛昔芬(droloxifene)、拉索昔芬(lasofoxifene)及雷洛昔芬(raloxifene);激素,諸如抑鈣素(calcitonin)、雌激素及副甲狀腺激素;以及免疫抑制劑,諸如硫唑嘌呤、環孢素及雷帕黴素(rapamycin)。
用於治療類風濕性關節炎之特別有用的組合包括本發明之共結晶與氨甲喋呤之組合;本發明之共結晶與一或多種生物反應調節劑(諸如來氟米特、依那西普、阿達木單抗及英夫利昔單抗)之組合;以及本發明之共結晶、氨甲喋呤與一或多種生物反應調節劑(諸如來氟米特、依那西普、阿達木單抗及英夫利昔單抗)之組合。
為了治療血栓及血管再狹窄,本發明之共結晶可與一或多種心血管藥劑(諸如鈣離子通道阻斷劑、他汀類(statins)、纖維酸類(fibrates)、β-阻斷劑、ACE抑制劑及血小板凝集抑制劑)進行組合。
本發明之共結晶亦可與一或多種用於治療癌症之化合物或療法進行組合。此等包括化學治療劑(即細胞毒性或抗腫瘤藥劑),諸如烷基化劑、抗生素、抗代謝劑、植物衍生之藥劑及拓樸異構酶抑制劑,以及藉由干擾牽涉
到腫瘤生長及進展之特定分子而阻斷癌症的生長及擴散之分子靶向藥物。分子靶向藥物包括小分子及生物劑兩者。
代表性烷基化劑包括雙氯乙基胺類(氮芥類(nitrogen mustards),例如苯丁酸氮芥、環磷醯胺(cyclophosphamide)、異環磷醯胺(ifosfamide)、二氯甲基二乙胺(mechlorethamine)、美法侖(melphalan)及尿嘧啶氮芥(uracil mustard));氮雜環丙烷類(例如噻替哌(thiotepa));烷磺酸烷酯類(例如白消安(busulfan));亞硝基脲類(例如卡莫司丁(carmustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)及鏈脲佐菌素(streptozocin));非傳統烷基化劑(例如六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)及丙卡巴肼(procarbazine));以及鉑化合物(例如卡鉑(carboplatin)、順鉑(cisplatin)、奈達鉑(nedaplatin)、奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin)、賽特鉑(satraplatin)及四硝酸三鉑(triplatin tetranitrate))。
代表性抗生素劑包括蒽環類(例如阿柔比星(aclarubicin)、氨柔比星(amrubicin)、佐柔比星(daunorubicin)、多柔比星(doxorubicin)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、伊達比星(idarubicin)、吡柔比星(pirarubicin)、戊柔比星(valrubicin)及佐柔比星(zorubicin));蒽醌類(例如米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)及吡蒽醌(pixantrone));以及鏈黴菌屬(streptomyces)(例如放線菌素(actinomycin)、博來黴素(bleomycin)、達克黴素(dactinomycin)、絲裂黴素C(mitomycin C)及普卡黴素(plicamycin))。
代表性抗代謝劑包括二氫葉酸還原酶抑制
劑(例如氨喋呤(aminopterin)、氨甲喋呤及培美曲塞(pemetrexed));胸苷酸合成酶抑制劑(例如雷替曲塞(raltitrexed)及培美曲塞);亞葉酸類(例如甲醯四氫葉酸(leucovorin));腺苷去胺酶抑制劑(例如噴司他丁(pentostatin));鹵化/核糖核苷酸還原酶抑制劑(例如克拉曲濱(cladribine)、氯法拉濱(clofarabine)及氟達拉濱(fludarabine));硫嘌呤類(例如硫鳥嘌呤(thioguanine)及巰嘌呤(mercaptopurine));胸苷酸合成酶抑制劑(例如氟尿嘧啶(fluorouracil)、卡培士他濱(capecitabine)、替加氟(tegafur)、卡莫氟(carmofur)及氟脲苷(floxuridine));DNA聚合酶抑制劑(例如阿糖胞苷(cytarabine));核糖核苷酸還原酶抑制劑(例如吉西他濱(gemcitabine));去甲基化劑(例如阿扎胞苷(azacitidine)及地西他濱(decitabine));核糖核苷酸還原酶抑制劑(例如羥基脲(hydroxyurea));以及天冬醯胺酸消耗劑(例如天冬醯胺酸酶(asparaginase))。
代表性植物衍生之藥劑包括長春花生物鹼類(vinca alkaloids)(例如長春新鹼(vincristine)、長春鹼(vinblastine)、長春地辛(vindesine)、長春利定(vinzolidine)及長春瑞濱(vinorelbine))、鬼臼毒素類(podophyllotoxins)(例如依托泊苷(etoposide)及替尼泊苷(teniposide))、及紫杉烷類(taxanes)(例如多西他賽(docetaxel)、拉洛他賽(larotaxel)、奧他賽(ortataxel)、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)及替司他賽(tesetaxel))。
代表性第I型拓樸異構酶抑制劑包括喜樹鹼類(camptothecins),諸如貝洛替康(belotecan)、伊利替康
(irinotecan)、魯比替康(rubitecan)及托泊替康(topotecar)。代表性第II型拓樸異構酶抑制劑包括安吖啶(amsacrine)、依托泊苷、磷酸依托泊苷及替尼泊苷,其等係表鬼臼毒素類(epipodophyllotoxins)之衍生物。
分子靶向藥物包括生物製劑,諸如細胞介質及其他免疫調節劑。有用的細胞介質包括介白素-2(IL-2,阿地白介素(aldesleukin))、介白素4(IL-4)、介白素12(IL-12)及干擾素,其包括多於23種相關亞型。其他細胞介質包括顆粒細胞群落刺激因子(CSF)(例如非格司亭(filgrastim))及顆粒細胞-巨噬細胞群落刺激因子(GM-CSF或CSF2)(例如沙格司亭(sargramostim)、那他珠單抗(namilumab))。其他免疫調節劑包括卡介苗(bacillus Calmette-Guerin)、左旋咪唑(levamisole)及奧曲肽(octreotide);抗腫瘤抗原之單株抗體,諸如曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)及利妥昔單抗(rituximab);以及癌症疫苗,其誘發對腫瘤之免疫反應。
此外,干擾牽涉到腫瘤生長及進展之特定分子之分子靶向藥物包括下列者之抑制劑:表皮生長因子(EGF)、轉形生長因子-α(TGFα)、TGFβ、神經雜合素(heregulin)、類胰島素生長因子(IGF)、纖維母細胞生長因子(FGF)、角質細胞生長因子(KGF)、群落刺激因子(CSF)、紅血球生成素(EPO)、介白素-2(IL-2)、神經生長因子(NGF)、血小板衍生性生長因子(PDGF)、肝細胞生長因子(HGF)、血管內皮生長因子(VEGF)、血管生長素、表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)、人類表皮生長因子受體2(HER2)、
HER4、類胰島素生長因子1受體(IGF1R)、IGF2R、纖維母細胞生長因子1受體(FGF1R)、FGF2R、FGF3R、FGF4R、血管內皮生長因子受體(VEGFR)、具類免疫球蛋白及類表皮生長因子結構域之酪胺酸激酶2(Tie-2)、血小板衍生性生長因子受體(PDGFR)、Abl、Bcr-Abl、Raf、類FMS酪胺酸激酶3(FLT3)、c-Kit、Src、蛋白激酶C(PKC)、原肌球蛋白受體激酶(Trk)、Ret、雷帕黴素的哺乳動物標靶(mTOR)、極光激酶(Aurora kinase)、類polo激酶(PLK)、有絲分裂原活化性蛋白激酶(MAPK)、間質-上皮轉化因子(c-MET)、細胞周期蛋白依賴性激酶(CDK)、Akt、細胞外訊息調節激酶(ERK)、多聚(ADP)核糖聚合酶(PARP)等。
特定分子靶向藥物包括選擇性雌激素受體調節劑,諸如泰莫西芬(tamoxifen)、托瑞米芬(toremifene)、法洛德(fulvestrant)及雷洛昔芬(raloxifene);抗雄激素,諸如比卡魯胺(bicalutamide)、尼魯米特(nilutamide)、甲地孕酮(megestrol)及氟他米特(flutamide);以及芳香酶抑制劑,諸如依西美坦(exemestane)、阿那曲唑(anastrozole)及來曲唑(letrozole)。其他特定分子靶向藥物包括抑制訊息傳遞之製劑,諸如伊馬替尼(imatinib)、達沙替尼(dasatinib)、尼羅替尼(nilotinib)、曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)、吉非替尼(gefitinib)、厄洛替尼(erlotinib)、西妥昔單抗(cetuximab)、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)、帕尼單抗(panitumumab)及替西羅莫司(temsirolimus);誘發細胞凋亡之製劑,諸如硼替佐米(bortezomib);阻斷血管生成之製劑,諸如貝伐單抗
(bevacizumab)、索拉非尼(sorafenib)及舒尼替尼(sunitinib);幫助免疫系統破壞癌症細胞之製劑,諸如利妥昔單抗(rituximab)及阿倫單抗(alemtuzumab);以及遞送毒性分子至癌症細胞之單株抗體,諸如吉妥珠單抗奧唑米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)、托西莫單抗(tositumomab)、131I-托西莫單抗及替伊莫單抗(ibritumomab tiuxetan)。
本發明之共結晶亦可用於治療過敏性結膜炎、葡萄膜炎、眼瞼緣炎、角膜炎、視神經炎、葛瑞夫氏眼病變(Graves ophthalmopathy)、鞏膜炎、眼組織胞漿菌症候群、眼瘢痕性類天疱瘡、糖尿病性視網膜病變或癌症相關自體免疫視網膜病變。
雖然以下係藉由參照製造例等更詳細說明本發明,但本發明並不限於下列製造例等,且可在可符合上下文之範圍內藉由加入適當的修飾而實行,其全部皆涵蓋於本發明之技術範疇中。
下述之「室溫」一般係意指約10℃至約35℃。
除非另行指明,否則標示混合溶劑之比例及百分比係意指體積比及體積%。
顯示作為產率之百分比為莫耳%。
除非另行指明,否則非用於溶劑及產率之百分比為重量%。
製造例等中所使用之縮寫係意指下列者。
DMSO:二甲亞碸
TGA:熱重分析
DSC:示差掃描熱量分析
UPLC:超高效液相層析
LC:液相層析
MS/MS:串聯質譜
熔點係在下列條件下予以測定。此處,熔點為與顯示達到測定結果中自熔化起始側之基線至峰頂之熔化過程之DSC曲線的反曲點(最大梯度之點)之正切線交會處之溫度,即,熔化反應起始點溫度(開始溫度)。
測定裝置:METTLER TOLEDO(TGA/DSC1&DSC1)
測定條件:
溫度上升速率:5℃/分鐘
環境:N2
粉末X射線繞射的測定係在下例條件下實行。
測定裝置:RIGAKU Ultima IV
測定條件:
管電壓:40kV
管電流:50mA
掃描速度:6°/分鐘
掃描角(2 θ):2至35°
對茄形瓶(100mL)中之化合物(A)(700mg)添加龍膽酸之飽和乙腈溶液(35mL),在空氣環境下以玻璃塞將茄形瓶
加以密封,並將懸浮液利用磁性攪拌器以450rpm於室溫攪拌5日。藉由過濾收集懸浮液中之結晶,以乙腈洗滌3次,並進行抽吸乾燥而得呈米白色粉末之目標共結晶(965mg,產率96.0%)。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的熔點為226℃。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表1。
在下列條件下藉由UPLC所測定之龍膽酸在共結晶中之含量係每1莫耳化合物(A)為1.007莫耳。
系統:Aquity UPLC H-Class(Waters)
檢測器:214nm
分離管柱:YMC Triart-C18 1.9μm,2.0×75mm(YMC Co.,Ltd.)
管柱溫度:40℃
移動相A:20mmol/L碳酸氫鈉緩衝液(pH 2.5)
移動相B:乙腈
流率:0.4mL/分鐘
分析時間:20.0分鐘
注入體積:2.5μL
溶劑:水/乙腈(1:1)
化合物(A)的鹼pKa及龍膽酸的酸pKa係使用Sirius所製造之Sirius T3滴定器予以測定。鹼pKa係意指自質子化狀態之酸解離常數,且酸pKa係意指酸本身的酸解離常數。
就結果而言,化合物(A)的鹼pKa不超過2(超出上述滴定器之測定範圍外),精確值無法測定。龍膽酸的酸pKa為3.23。「化合物(A)的鹼pKa一龍膽酸的酸pKa」
係少於0,在化合物(A)與龍膽酸間不可能發生質子轉移。同樣地,一般認為其他製造例中所使用之其他羧酸的酸pKa係在3至5之範圍,因而亦認為在其他製造例中在化合物(A)與其他羧酸間不可能發生質子轉移。
此外,已藉由製造例1所獲得之共結晶的IR光譜證實龍膽酸的羧基之尖峰係保持在共結晶中。由此結果,亦證實在共結晶中質子並未在化合物(A)與龍膽酸間轉移。
此外,由於在熱分析中並未觀察到重量損失,因而證實製造例1所獲得之共結晶為非水合物。
將龍膽酸(約4.5g)懸浮於乙腈(60mL)中並將懸浮液以磁性攪拌器於室溫攪拌少於1小時。濾除未溶解之結晶並製備飽和溶液。將化合物(A)(1.0g)懸浮於飽和溶液(50mL)中,並將懸浮液以磁性攪拌器於室溫攪拌5日,並進行超音波震盪3分鐘。於室溫藉由過濾收集結晶,並將所獲得之濕結晶於減壓下乾燥而得呈米白色粉末之目標共結晶(0.71g,產率49.3%,化合物(A):龍膽酸之莫耳比=1:1)。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的熔點為224℃。咸信製造例1與2之共結晶的熔點之差異係歸因於測定誤差。所獲得之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射係在上述條件下予以測定而觀察到在約12.92、10.86、9.87、6.11、5.94、5.26、4.66、3.62及3.26埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞
射圖案。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表3。此外,藉由在上述條件下進行測定所獲得之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射圖係示於第1圖,化合物(A)的粉末X射線繞射圖係示於第2圖,且龍膽酸的粉末X射線繞射圖係示於第3圖。由於在熱分析中並未觀察到重量損失,因而證實共結晶為非水合物。
於室溫將龍膽酸(2.28g)在異丙醇及水之混合溶劑(9mL,異丙醇量50%)中之溶液(龍膽酸的濃度:1.64莫耳/L)滴加至化合物(A)(1.0g)之0.25莫耳/L氫氧化鈉水溶液(15mL,化合物(A)的濃度0.190莫耳/L)中。滴加後,龍膽酸
在混合溶液中之濃度為0.592莫耳/L。添加製造例2所獲得之共結晶(1mg)作為晶種,並將混合物以磁性攪拌器於室溫攪拌4小時。藉由過濾收集結晶,並以丙酮(5mL)洗滌二次而得濕結晶。將所獲得之濕結晶於減壓下乾燥而得呈米白色粉末之目標共結晶(1.42g,產率98.7%,化合物(A):龍膽酸之莫耳比=1:1)。所獲得之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射係在上述條件下予以測定而觀察到在約13.13、11.01、10.05、6.17、5.98、5.31、4.68、3.62及3.28埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表4。由於在熱分析中並未觀察到重量損失,因而證實共結晶為非水合物。
將龍膽酸(40.35g)在異丙醇及水之混合溶劑(161mL,異丙醇量50%)中之溶液進行過濾以去除粉塵,接著,將所使用之容器以異丙醇及水之混合溶劑(9mL,異丙醇量50%)洗滌,並將洗滌液進行過濾。將濾液及洗滌液合併而得龍膽酸之溶液。將化合物(A)(23.0g)在0.25莫耳/L氫氧化鈉水溶液中之溶液(345mL)進行過濾以去除粉塵,將所使用之容器以異丙醇及水之混合溶劑(23mL,異丙醇量50%)洗滌,並將洗滌液進行過濾。將濾液及洗滌液合併而得化合物(A)之溶液。將如上述所獲得之龍膽酸之溶液滴加至化合物(A)之溶液中。滴加龍膽酸之溶液,將所使用之容器以異丙醇及水之混合溶劑(9mL,異丙醇量50%)洗滌,並滴加洗滌液。滴加後,龍膽酸在混合溶液中之濃度為0.479莫耳/L。添加製造例3所獲得之共結晶(23mg)作為晶種,並將混合物使用葉輪(混合機(three-one motor))以300rpm於室溫攪拌2日。藉由過濾收集結晶,並以異丙醇及水之混合溶劑(115mL,異丙醇量20%)洗滌而得濕結晶。將所獲得之濕結晶於減壓下乾燥而得呈米白色粉末之目標共結晶(31.9g,產率96.4%,化合物(A):龍膽酸之莫耳比=1:1)。所獲得之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射係在上述條件下予以測定而觀察到在約13.09、10.95、9.98、6.15、5.98、5.29、4.68、3.63及3.27埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表5。由於在熱分析中並未觀
察到重量損失,因而證實共結晶為非水合物。
於室溫將龍膽酸(2.28g)在異丙醇及水之混合溶劑(9mL,異丙醇量50%)中之溶液(龍膽酸的濃度1.64莫耳/L)滴加至化合物(A)(1.0g)在0.25莫耳/L氫氧化鈉水溶液中之溶液(15mL,化合物(A)的濃度0.190莫耳/L)中。滴加後龍膽酸在混合溶液中之濃度為0.592莫耳/L。添加製造例3所獲得之共結晶(1mg)作為晶種,並將混合物使用磁性攪拌器於室溫攪拌2小時。藉由過濾收集結晶,並以異丙醇及水之混合溶劑(5mL,異丙醇量20%)且接著以丙酮(5mL)洗滌而得濕結晶。將所獲得之濕結晶於減壓下乾燥而得呈米白色粉末之目標共結晶(1.41g,產率98.0%,化合物
(A):龍膽酸之莫耳比=1:1)。所獲得之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射係在上述條件下予以測定而觀察到在約13.05、10.92、9.98、6.16、5.96、5.29、4.67、3.64及3.28埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表6。由於在熱分析中並未觀察到重量損失,因而證實共結晶為非水合物。
於室溫將龍膽酸(1.75g)在異丙醇及水之混合溶劑(7mL,異丙醇量50%)中之溶液(龍膽酸的濃度1.63莫耳/L)滴加至化合物(A)(1.0g)在0.25莫耳/L氫氧化鈉水溶液中
之溶液(15mL,化合物(A)的濃度0.190莫耳/L)中。滴加後龍膽酸在混合溶液中之濃度為0.495莫耳/L。添加製造例3所獲得之共結晶(1mg)作為晶種,並將混合物以磁性攪拌器於室溫攪拌2.5小時。藉由過濾收集結晶,並以異丙醇及水之混合溶劑(5mL,異丙醇量20%)洗滌而得濕結晶。將所獲得之濕結晶於減壓下乾燥而得呈米白色粉末之目標共結晶(1.42g,產率98.7%,化合物(A):龍膽酸之莫耳比=1:1)。所獲得之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射係在上述條件下予以測定而觀察到在約13.09、10.95、10.01、6.14、5.98、5.29、4.67、3.65及3.28埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表7。由於在熱分析中並未觀察到重量損失,因而證實共結晶為非水合物。
於室溫將龍膽酸(1.32g)在異丙醇及水之混合溶劑(5mL,異丙醇量50%)中之溶液(龍膽酸的濃度1.71莫耳/L)滴加至化合物(A)(1.0g)在0.25莫耳/L氫氧化鈉水溶液(15mL)以及異丙醇及水(異丙醇量50%)之混合溶劑(1mL)中之溶液中。在滴加後,將用於滴加之容器以異丙醇及水(異丙醇量50%)之混合溶劑(1mL)洗滌,並滴加洗滌液。滴加後,龍膽酸在混合溶液中之濃度為0.388莫耳/L。接著,添加製造例3所獲得之共結晶(1mg)作為晶種,並將混合物使用葉輪(混合機(three-one motor))於室溫攪拌1日。藉由過濾收集結晶,並以異丙醇及水(異丙醇量20%)之混合溶劑(5mL)洗滌而得濕結晶。將所獲得之濕結晶於減壓下乾燥而得呈米白色粉末之目標共結晶(1.39g,產率96.9%,化合物(A):龍膽酸之莫耳比=1:1)。所獲得之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射係在上述條件下予以測定而觀察到在約12.94、10.85、9.90、6.12、5.94、5.28、4.66、3.63及3.28埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表8。由於在熱分析中並未觀察到重量損失,因而證實共結晶為非水合物。
將龍膽酸(52.64g)在異丙醇及水(異丙醇量50%)之混合溶劑(200mL)中之溶液進行過濾以去除粉塵,將所使用之容器以異丙醇及水(異丙醇量50%)之混合溶劑(16mL)洗滌,並將洗滌液進行過濾。將濾液及洗滌液合併而得龍膽酸之溶液。將化合物(A)(40.0g)在0.25莫耳/L氫氧化鈉水溶液中之溶液(600mL)進行過濾以去除粉塵,將所使用之容器以異丙醇及水(異丙醇量50%)之混合溶劑(40mL)洗滌,並將洗滌液進行過濾。將濾液及洗滌液合併而得化合
物(A)之溶液。將如上述所獲得之龍膽酸之溶液滴加至化合物(A)之溶液中。在滴加龍膽酸之溶液後,將所使用之容器以異丙醇及水之混合溶劑(16mL,異丙醇量50%)洗滌,並滴加洗滌液。滴加後,龍膽酸在混合溶液中之濃度為0.392莫耳/L。添加製造例3所獲得之共結晶(40mg)作為晶種,並將混合物使用混合機(three-one motor)以300rpm於室溫攪拌1日。藉由過濾收集結晶,並以異丙醇及水之混合溶劑(200mL,異丙醇量20%)洗滌而得濕結晶。將所獲得之濕結晶於減壓下乾燥而得呈米白色粉末之目標共結晶(56.35g,產率97.9%,化合物(A):龍膽酸之莫耳比=1:1)。將所獲得之粉末(50g)在噴射研磨機中進行粉碎而得經粉碎之產物(43.26g,產率86.5%)。所獲得之共結晶(經粉碎之產物)的粉末X射線繞射係在上述條件下予以測定而觀察到在約12.86、10.82、9.89、6.10、5.92、5.26、4.64、3.63及3.27埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶(經粉碎之產物)的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表9。由於在熱分析中並未觀察到重量損失,因而證實共結晶為非水合物。
對茄形瓶(100mL)中之化合物(A)(620mg)添加水楊酸之飽和乙腈溶液(30mL),在空氣環境下以玻璃塞將茄形瓶加以密封,並將懸浮液利用磁性攪拌器以約450rpm於室溫攪拌5日。藉由過濾收集懸浮液中之結晶,以乙腈洗滌二次,並於真空下乾燥而得呈白色粉末之目標共結晶(735mg,產率85.2%)。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的熔點為176℃。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表10。
在下列條件下藉由UPLC進行測定時水楊酸在共結晶中之含量係每1莫耳化合物(A)為1.035莫耳。
系統:Aquity UPLC H-Class(Waters)
檢測器:214nm
分離管柱:YMC Triart-C18 1.9μm,2.0×75mm(YMC Co.,Ltd.)
管柱溫度:40℃
移動相A:20mmol/L碳酸氫鈉緩衝液(pH 2.5)
移動相B:乙腈
流率:0.4mL/分鐘
分析時間:20.0分鐘
注入體積:2.5μL
溶劑:水/乙腈(1:1)
對茄形瓶(100mL)中之化合物(A)(680mg)添加馬來酸之飽和乙腈溶液(35mL),在空氣環境下以玻璃塞將茄形瓶加以密封,並將懸浮液利用磁性攪拌器以約450rpm於室溫攪拌2小時,進一步添加水楊酸之飽和乙腈溶液(7mL),並將混合物利用磁性攪拌器以約700rpm於室溫攪拌5日。藉由過濾收集懸浮液中之結晶,以乙腈洗滌二次,並進行抽吸乾燥而得呈白色粉末之目標共結晶(753mg,產率83.0%)。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的熔點為188℃。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表12。
藉由離子層析在下列條件下進行測定時馬來酸在共結晶中之含量係每1莫耳化合物(A)為1.076莫耳。
系統:ICS-1000(Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.)
抑制器:ASRS(循環模式/電流值22mA)
檢測器:電導檢測器
分離管柱:IonPac AS12A(4×200mm,Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.)
保護管柱:IonPac AG12A(4×50mm,Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.)
管柱溫度:30℃
移動相:2.7mmol/L碳酸鈉水溶液/0.3mmol/L碳酸氫鈉水溶液
流率:1.5mL/分鐘
注入體積:25μL
溶劑:水/DMSO(1:1)
將玻璃管中之化合物(A)(20mg)溶解於三氟乙醇(2.5mL)中,並以氮去除溶劑。在去除溶劑後,添加檸檬酸之飽和乙腈溶液(5mL),並在空氣環境下以塑膠塞將玻璃管加以密封,並將懸浮液利用磁性攪拌器以約450rpm於室溫攪拌7日。藉由過濾收集懸浮液中之結晶而得呈白色粉末之目標共結晶。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的熔點為159℃。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表13。
藉由離子層析在下列條件下進行測定時檸檬酸在共結晶中之含量係每1莫耳化合物(A)為0.976莫耳。
系統:ICS-1000(Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.)
抑制器:ASRS(循環模式/電流值22mA)
檢測器:電導檢測器
分離管柱:IonPac AS14A(4×200mm,Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.)
保護管柱:IonPac AG14A(4×50mm,Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.)
管柱溫度:30℃
移動相:8mmol/L碳酸鈉水溶液/1mmol/L碳酸氫鈉水溶液
流率:0.8mL/分鐘
注入體積:25μL
溶劑:水/DMSO(1:1)
將玻璃管中之化合物(A)(20mg)溶解於三氟乙醇(2.5mL)中,並以氮去除溶劑。在去除溶劑後,添加丙二酸之飽和乙腈溶液(5mL),在空氣環境下以塑膠塞將玻璃管加以密封,並將懸浮液利用磁性攪拌器以450rpm於室溫攪拌7日。藉由過濾收集懸浮液中之結晶而得呈白色粉末之目標共結晶。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的熔點為
165℃。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表14。
藉由離子層析在下列條件下進行測定時丙二酸在共結晶中之含量係每1莫耳化合物(A)為1.521莫耳。
系統:ICS-1000(Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.)
抑制器:ASRS(循環模式/電流值22mA)
檢測器:電導檢測器
分離管柱:IonPac AS12A(4×200mm,Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.)
保護管柱:IonPac AG12A(4×50mm,Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.)
管柱溫度:30℃
移動相:2.7mmol/L碳酸鈉水溶液/0.3mmol/L碳酸氫鈉水溶液
流率:1.5mL/分鐘
注入體積:25μL
溶劑:DMSO/水(1:1)
將玻璃管中之化合物(A)(20mg)溶解於三氟乙醇(2.5mL)中,並以氮去除溶劑。在去除溶劑後,添加L-蘋果酸之飽和乙腈溶液(5mL),並在空氣環境下以塑膠塞將玻璃管加以密封,並將懸浮液利用磁性攪拌器以約450rpm於室溫攪拌7日。藉由過濾收集懸浮液中之結晶而得呈白色粉末之目標共結晶。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的熔點為161℃。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表15。
藉由離子層析在下列條件下進行測定時蘋果酸在共結晶中之含量係每1莫耳化合物(A)為0.993莫耳。
系統:ICS-1000(Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.)
抑制器:ASRS(循環模式/電流值22mA)
檢測器:電導檢測器
分離管柱:IonPac AS12A(4×200mm,Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.)
保護管柱:IonPac AG12A(4×50mm,Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.)
管柱溫度:30℃
移動相:2.7mmol/L碳酸鈉水溶液/0.3mmol/L碳酸氫鈉水溶液
流率:1.5mL/分鐘
注入體積:25μL
溶劑:DMSO/水(1:1)
將玻璃管中之化合物(A)(20mg)溶解於三氟乙醇(2.5mL)中,並以氮去除溶劑。在去除溶劑後,添加(+/-)-杏仁酸之飽和乙腈溶液(5mL),並在空氣環境下以塑膠塞將玻璃管加以密封,並將懸浮液利用磁性攪拌器以約450rpm於室溫攪拌7日。藉由過濾收集懸浮液中之結晶而得呈白色粉末之目標共結晶。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的熔
點為107℃及136℃。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表16。
藉由離子層析在下列條件下進行測定時杏仁酸在共結晶中之含量係每1莫耳化合物(A)為1.531莫耳。
系統:ICS-1000(Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.)
抑制器:ASRS(循環模式/電流值22mA)
檢測器:電導檢測器
分離管柱:IonPac AS12A(4×200mm,Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K.)
保護管柱:Ionpac AG12A(4×50mm,Thermo Fisher
Scientific K.K.)
管柱溫度:30℃
移動相:2.7mmol/L碳酸鈉水溶液/0.3mmol/L碳酸氫鈉水溶液
流率:1.5mL/分鐘
注入體積:25μL
溶劑:DMSO/水(1:1)
將蒸餾水(約10mL)添加至龍膽酸(約1g),將混合物懸浮並以磁性攪拌器於室溫攪拌24小時。藉由過濾去除未溶解之龍膽酸以製備龍膽酸之飽和水溶液。對飽和水溶液(10mL)添加化合物(A)(約50mg),將混合物以磁性攪拌器攪拌並將所獲得之懸浮液於室溫攪拌1日。藉由過濾收集結晶並將所獲得之濕結晶風乾而得目標共結晶。
藉由Karl Fischer水分測定(測定裝置:HIRANUMA SANGYO Co.,Ltd.所製造之「AQ-7」,溶液:Aqualyte RS-A,室溫:約26℃,相對濕度:約33%)之所獲得之共結晶的水含量為6.2%。由此水含量,證實所獲得之共結晶為三水合物。在所獲得之共結晶的TGA及DSC中,在25℃與約80℃間觀察到2.2%或更多的重量損失,隨後在約80℃與約140℃間觀察到約1.8%的重量損失,伴隨著共結晶熔化。所獲得之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射係在上述條件下予以測定而觀察到在約25.97、13.06、7.98、
7.64、7.08、6.54、6.01、5.24及5.02埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表17。藉由在上述條件下進行測定所獲得之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射圖係示於第4圖。
在下列條件下藉由UPLC所測定時龍膽酸在共結晶中之含量係每1莫耳化合物(A)為3.07莫耳。
系統:Aquity UPLC H-Class(Waters)
檢測器:214nm
分離管柱:YMC Triart-C18 1.9μm,2.0×75mm(YMC Co.,Ltd.)
管柱溫度:40℃
移動相A:20mmol/L碳酸氫鈉緩衝液(pH 2.5)
移動相B:乙腈
流率:0.4mL/分鐘
分析時間:20.0分鐘
注入體積:2.5μL
溶劑:水/乙腈(1:1)
將蒸餾水(約10mL)添加至龍膽酸(約1g),將混合物懸浮並以磁性攪拌器於室溫攪拌24小時。接著,藉由過濾去除未溶解之龍膽酸以製備龍膽酸之飽和水溶液。對飽和水溶液(10mL)添加化合物(A)(約50mg),將混合物以磁性攪拌器攪拌並將所獲得之懸浮液於室溫攪拌1日。藉由過濾收集結晶並將所獲得之濕結晶風乾並於約25℃於減壓
下乾燥3小時而得目標共結晶。
在與製造例15相同的條件下藉由Karl Fischer水分測定之所獲得之共結晶的水含量為2.5%。由此水含量,證實所獲得之共結晶為單水合物。在所獲得之共結晶的TGA及DSC中,在約80℃與約140℃間觀察到約2.4%的重量損失,伴隨著共結晶熔化。所獲得之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射係在上述條件下予以測定而觀察到在約25.08、9.02、7.20、6.83、6.42、6.25、5.98、5.25及5.01埃的晶格間距(d)具有特徵峰之粉末X射線繞射圖案。在上述條件下所測定之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射峰之2 θ及d值係示於表19。藉由在上述條件下進行測定所獲得之共結晶的粉末X射線繞射圖係示於第5圖。
在下列條件下藉由UPLC所測定時龍膽酸在共結晶中之含量係每1莫耳化合物(A)為3.05莫耳。
系統:Aquity UPLC H-Class(Waters)
檢測器:214nm
分離管柱:YMC Triart-C18 1.9μm,2.0×75mm(YMC Co.,Ltd.)
管柱溫度:40℃
移動相A:20mmol/L碳酸氫鈉緩衝液(pH 2.5)
移動相B:乙腈
流率:0.4mL/分鐘
分析時間:20.0分鐘
注入體積:2.5μL
溶劑:水/乙腈(1:1)
根據Nakashima S.,Chem.Pharm.Bull.,61(12)1228-1238(2013)之第1229頁之「Thermodynamic Solubility Measurement by the Shake-Flask Method」中所述之方法,測定化合物(A)之結晶及共結晶的溶解性。具體而言,將日本藥典(Japanese Pharmacopoeia)崩解試驗之第一流體(JP1)、第二流體(JP2)及含有20mM甘胺鵝去氧膽酸鈉(sodium glycochenodeoxycholate)之第二流體(JP2/GCDC)各自以400μL添加至化合物(A)之結晶或共結晶(0.4mg)中,在空氣環境下將混合物加熱至37℃,並藉由旋渦混合器以500rpm震盪2小時。在進行震盪後,使混合物通過0.45μm PVDF過濾器,並藉由HPLC分析濾液。由相較於標準溶液(0.1mg/mL)之層析圖,算出單一化合物之結晶及共結晶的溶解性。結果係示於表21。
根據Tsutsumi S.,Int.J.Pharm.,421(2011)230-236之第231頁之「2.6.Intrinsic dissolution test」所述之方法,測定化合物(A)之結晶及共結晶的溶解速率。具體而言,將化合物(A)之結晶或共結晶(20mg)藉由手壓式打錠機以20MPa加壓10分鐘而得7mm直徑圓片。將所製備之圓片貼附於美國藥典(United States Pharmacopeia)溶解試驗1(籃)之旋轉軸內部,並一面以200rpm旋轉一面插入至含有加熱至37℃之膽酸之日本藥典崩解試驗之第二流體(250mL)中。以每1分鐘間隔0.5mL收集含有結晶或共結晶之第二流體,並藉由HPLC進行分析。由相較於標準溶液(0.05mg/mL)之層析圖,算出結晶或共結晶的濃度,並算出其溶解速率。溶解速率之結果係示於表22。
將製造例8所獲得之共結晶(經粉碎之產物,86.4mg)、D-甘露糖醇(1917.6mg,PEARLITOL 100SD,ROQUETTE所製造)、微晶纖維素(240mg,CEOLUS PH-102,Asahi Kasei Corporation所製造)、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉(120mg,Ac-Di-Sol,FMC Corporation所製造)、及輕質無水矽酸(12mg,AEROSIL 200 Pharma,NIPPON AEROSIL CO.,LTD.所製造)稱取於研缽中,並以研杵進行混合。添加硬脂酸鎂(24mg,TAIHEI CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD.所製造)並與其進行混合而得混合粉末。使用桌上型打錠機(HANDTAB-200,ICHIHASHI SEIKI CO.,LTD.所製造),以
壓縮力10kN將混合粉末進行壓縮而得調配物1(錠劑)(直徑8mm,每一錠200mg)。每一錠調配物1的組成係示於表23。
將製造例8所獲得之共結晶(經粉碎之產物,86.4mg)、D-甘露糖醇(1845.6mg,PEARLITOL 100SD,ROQUETTE所製造)、微晶纖維素(240mg,CEOLUS PH-102,Asahi Kasei Corporation所製造)、羥丙基纖維素(72mg,等級L,Nippon Soda Co.,Ltd.所製造)、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉(120mg,Ac-Di-Sol,FMC Corporation所製造)、及輕質無水矽酸(12mg,AEROSIL 200 Pharma,NIPPON AEROSIL CO.,LTD.所
製造)稱取於研缽中,並以研杵進行混合。添加硬脂酸鎂(24mg,TAIHEI CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD.所製造)並與其進行混合而得混合粉末。使用桌上型打錠機(HANDTAB-200,ICHIHASHI SEIKI CO.,LTD.所製造),以壓縮力10kN將混合粉末進行壓縮而得調配物2(錠劑)(直徑8mm,每一錠200mg)。每一錠調配物2的組成係示於表24。
將製造例8所獲得之共結晶(經粉碎之產物,86.4mg)、D-甘露糖醇(1821.6mg,PEARLITOL 200SD,ROQUETTE
所製造)、微晶纖維素(240mg,CEOLUS PH-102,Asahi Kasei Corporation所製造)、羥丙基纖維素(72mg,等級L,Nippon Soda Co.,Ltd.所製造)、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉(120mg,Ac-Di-Sol,FMC Corporation所製造)、及輕質無水矽酸(12mg,AEROSIL 200 Pharma,NIPPON AEROSIL CO.,LTD.所製造)稱取於研缽中,並以研杵進行混合。添加硬脂酸鎂(48mg,TAIHEI CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD.所製造)並與其進行混合而得混合粉末。使用桌上型打錠機(HANDTAB-200,ICHIHASHI SEIKI CO.,LTD.所製造),以壓縮力9kN將混合粉末進行壓縮而得調配物3(錠劑)(直徑8mm,每一錠200mg)。每一錠調配物3的組成係示於表25。
將製造例8所獲得之共結晶(經粉碎之產物,86.4mg)、D-甘露糖醇(1581.6mg,PEARLITOL 200SD,ROQUETTE所製造)、微晶纖維素(480mg,CEOLUS PH-102,Asahi Kasei Corporation所製造)、羥丙基纖維素(72mg,等級L,Nippon Soda Co.,Ltd.所製造)、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉(120mg,Ac-Di-Sol,FMC Corporation所製造)、及輕質無水矽酸(12mg,AEROSIL 200 Pharma,NIPPON AEROSIL CO.,LTD.所製造)稱取於研缽中,並以研杵進行混合。添加硬脂酸鎂(48mg,TAIHEI CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD.所製造)並與其進行混合而得混合粉末。使用桌上型打錠機(HANDTAB-200,ICHIHASHI SEIKI CO.,LTD.所製造),以壓縮力9kN將混合粉末進行壓縮而得調配物4(錠劑)(直徑8mm,每一錠200mg)。每一錠調配物4的組成係示於表26。
稱取製造例4所獲得之共結晶(71.96g)、D-甘露糖醇(312.04g,PEARLITOL 200SD,ROQUETTE所製造)、微晶纖維素(60g,CEOLUS UF-702,Asahi Kasei Corporation所製造)、羥丙基纖維素(24g,等級L,Nippon Soda Co.,Ltd.所製造)、低取代羥丙基纖維素(60g,等級LH-B1,Shin-Etsu Chemical Co.,Ltd.所製造)、及輕質無水矽酸(3g,AEROSIL 200 Pharma,NIPPON AEROSIL CO.,LTD.所製造)並進行混合而得初級混合粉末。稱取初級混合粉末398.3g,添加微晶纖維素(45g,CEOLUS KG-802,Asahi Kasei Corporation
所製造)及硬脂酸鎂(6.75g,TAIHEI CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD.所製造),並將其進行混合而得次級混合粉末。藉由旋轉打錠機(Correct 19K,KIKUSUI SEISAKUSHO LTD.所製造)以壓縮力6kN將所獲得之次級混合粉末進行壓縮而得未經包覆之錠劑(直徑9mm,每一錠300mg)。在DRIACOATER(DRC-200,Powrex Corporation所製造)中將OPADRY(Colorcon Japan LLC所製造)之水性分散液噴佈於未經包覆之錠劑(150g),使得每一錠之薄膜包覆量為12mg而得調配物5(錠劑)。每一錠調配物5的組成係示於表27。
稱取製造例4所獲得之共結晶(79.16g)、D-甘露糖醇(154.48g,PEARLITOL 50C,ROQUETTE所製造)、微晶纖維素(33g,CEOLUS PH-101,Asahi Kasei Corporation所製造)、及低取代羥丙基纖維素(24.75g,等級LH-B1,Shin-Etsu Chemical Co.,Ltd.所製造)並置於流體床粒化機(LAB-1,Powrex Corporation所製造)中,藉由噴佈6(w/w)%羥丙基纖維素(等級L,Nippon Soda Co.,Ltd.所製造)(165g)之水溶液而進行粒化,並予以乾燥而得顆粒。將顆粒過篩,並稱取所獲得之經過篩之顆粒(219.1g)。添加低取代羥丙基纖維素(18g,等級LH-B1,Shin-Etsu Chemical Co.,Ltd.所製造)及硬脂酸鎂(2.88g,TAIHEI CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD.所製造)並進行混合而得混合顆粒。藉由旋轉打錠機(Correct 19K,KIKUSUI SEISAKUSHO LTD.所製造)以壓縮力6kN將所獲得之混合顆粒進行壓縮而得未經包覆之錠劑(直徑7mm,每一錠150mg)。在DRIACOATER(DRC-200,Powrex Corporation所製造)中將OPADRY(Colorcon Japan LLC所製造)之水性分散液噴佈於未經包覆之錠劑(150g),使得每一錠之薄膜包覆量為6mg而得調配物6(錠劑)。每一錠調配物6的組成係示於表28。
測定製造例17至20所獲得之調配物1至4的厚度、硬度及崩解時間。崩解試驗係根據日本藥典崩解試驗方法實行(試驗溶液:水,37℃,非圓片)。結果係示於表29。
使用製造例1、9及10所獲得之共結晶,藉由經口投予至米格魯犬而實行化合物(A)之藥物動力學試驗。
將劑量設為以化合物(A)計10mg,將製造例1所獲得之共結晶(14.4mg)、製造例9所獲得之共結晶(14.1mg)或製造例10所獲得之共結晶(13.6mg)(以化合物(A)計各10mg)填充於明膠膠囊中而得調配物7至9(膠囊)。如下述將所獲得之調配物7至9之各一膠囊經口投予至米格魯犬。
將所獲得之調配物各自經口投予至處於禁食狀態之米格魯犬(雄性,5頭)。將各調配物投予至相同的5隻米格魯犬之群組。在各投予中,在進行投予前15分鐘實行利用五胃泌素(pentagastrin)溶液之預投予處理。在投予後15及30分鐘、以及1、2、4、6、8、12及24小時收集血液樣本,並進行離心而得血漿。使用LC及MS/MS在下列條件下測定化合物(A)的血漿濃度。
分析管柱:Kinetex C18,50mm×2.0mm I.D.,2.6μm(Phenomenex)
管柱烘箱溫度:40℃
移動相;純化水/乙腈/甲酸(600:200:0.1,v/v/v)
流率:0.2mL/分鐘
注入體積:20μL
自動取樣器溫度:10℃
沖洗溶液:乙腈/純化水/甲酸(600:400:0.1,v/v/v)
運行時間:5.0分鐘
將2.0至5.0分鐘之流出物藉由閥操作移至MS/MS。
離子化模式:高流速電灑法(turbo ion spray)
極性:正
掃描類型:選擇反應監測
離子噴霧電壓:5500V
高流速探針溫度:600℃
界面加熱器:ON
氣簾壓力:0.28MPa(40psi,N2)
離子源氣體1壓力:0.28MPa(40psi,空氣)
離子源氣體2壓力:0.28MPa(40psi,空氣)
碰撞氣體壓力:8Bit(N2)
採樣間隔時間:0.8秒(針對化合物(A))及0.2秒(針對內部標準(化合物(A)-d3,其係其中3個氫原子經氘化之化合物(A)))
持續時間:5.0分鐘
由化合物(A)的血漿濃度及時間曲線算出藥物(化合物(A))的最大血中濃度(Cmax)及最大血中濃度到達時間(Tmax)。此外,藉由線性梯形法算出0至24小時之血中濃度-時間曲線下面積(AUC0-24h)。結果係示於表31及第6圖。表31中諸如Tmax等之值為平均值,括弧中之數值係標示標準偏差(S.D.)。
使用下列二種調配物,藉由經口投予至米格魯犬而實行化合物(A)之藥物動力學試驗。
將水添加至化合物(A)、D-甘露糖醇、微晶纖維素、羥丙基纖維素及羧甲基澱粉鈉,將混合物在研缽中予以粒化並乾燥而得顆粒。將硬脂酸鎂添加至顆粒而得混合顆粒。使用桌上型打錠機(HANDTAB-200,ICHIHASHI SEIKI CO.,LTD.),以壓縮力10kN製造每錠含有300mg的化合物(A)之錠劑(錠劑總計:400mg,長軸:12mm×短軸:7mm)。將劑量設為300mg,並將一個錠劑經口投予至米格魯犬。每一錠調配物10的組成係示於表32。
將劑量設為以化合物(A)計100mg,將製造例1(以化合物(A)計100mg)所獲得之共結晶(144mg)填充於明膠膠囊中而得調配物11(膠囊)並將各一膠囊經口投予至米格魯犬。
將所獲得之調配物各自經口投予至處於禁食狀態之米格魯犬(雄性,5頭)。將各調配物投予至相同的5隻米格魯犬之群組。在各投予中,在進行投予前15分鐘實行利用五胃泌素溶液之預投予處理。在投予後15及30分鐘、以及1、2、4、6、8、12及24小時收集血液樣本,並進行離心而得血漿。使用LC及MS/MS在實驗例4所示之條件下測定化合物(A)的血漿濃度。
由化合物(A)的血漿濃度及時間曲線算出藥物(化合物(A))的最大血中濃度(Cmax)及最大血中濃度到達時間(Tmax)。此外,藉由線性梯形法算出0至24小時之血中濃度-時間曲線下面積(AUC0-24h)。結果係示於表33及第7圖。表33中諸如Tmax等之值為平均值,括弧中之數值係標示標準偏差(S.D.)。
本發明之共結晶係溶解特性及口服吸收性優異,而有用於作為醫藥(醫藥組成物或調配物)之原料。
此申請案係基於在日本申請之專利申請案第2015-252658號,其全部內容係併入本文中。
該代表圖無元件符號及其代表之意義。
Claims (9)
- 一種共結晶,其係(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮及能夠與前述化合物形成共結晶的有機酸之共結晶,其中,該有機酸為龍膽酸、水楊酸、馬來酸、丙二酸、蘋果酸、杏仁酸或檸檬酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之共結晶,其中,該有機酸為龍膽酸、水楊酸或馬來酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之共結晶,其中,該有機酸為龍膽酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之共結晶,其中,(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮與龍膽酸之莫耳比((S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮:龍膽酸)為1:0.5至1:5。
- 一種醫藥,其係包含申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項所述之共結晶。
- 一種申請專利範圍第1項所述之共結晶之製造方法,其係包含將(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮的強鹼性水溶液、及有機酸的溶液進行混合並攪拌,以及將(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮及該有機酸之共結晶作為晶種添加至該(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧 基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮的強鹼性水溶液及該有機酸的溶液之混合物中,其中,該有機酸為龍膽酸、水楊酸、馬來酸、丙二酸、蘋果酸、杏仁酸或檸檬酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之製造方法,其中,該有機酸在該(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮的強鹼性水溶液及該有機酸的溶液之混合溶液中具有0.298至0.592莫耳/L的濃度。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之製造方法,其中,該有機酸在該(S)-3-(1-((1-丙烯醯基吡咯啶-3-基)氧基)異喹啉-3-基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮的強鹼性水溶液及該有機酸的溶液之混合溶液中具有0.388至0.592莫耳/L的濃度。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之製造方法,其中,該有機酸的溶液之溶劑為(i)水;(ii)選自異丙醇、二甲亞碸、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、四氫呋喃、丙酮、2,2,2-三氟乙醇、乙腈、1-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、及乙酸所組成群組之至少一種有機溶劑;或(iii)選自(ii)所述之群組之至少一種有機溶劑及水之混合溶劑。
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