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TWI789505B - 用於鉚接構件的方法及裝置 - Google Patents

用於鉚接構件的方法及裝置 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI789505B
TWI789505B TW108108933A TW108108933A TWI789505B TW I789505 B TWI789505 B TW I789505B TW 108108933 A TW108108933 A TW 108108933A TW 108108933 A TW108108933 A TW 108108933A TW I789505 B TWI789505 B TW I789505B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
forming punch
connecting element
shank
riveting
rod
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Application number
TW108108933A
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English (en)
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TW201940262A (zh
Inventor
克里斯丁 赫爾曼
亞歷山大 卡斯泰特
艾娜 萊米
湯瑪士 克拉夫
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德商比德利公司
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Publication of TW201940262A publication Critical patent/TW201940262A/zh
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Publication of TWI789505B publication Critical patent/TWI789505B/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/26—Hot fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/003—Protecting areas of the parts to be joined from overheating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8167—Quick change joining tools or surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/87—Auxiliary operations or devices
    • B29C66/872—Starting or stopping procedures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91212—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods involving measurement means being part of the welding jaws, e.g. integrated in the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/9231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/348—Avoiding melting or weakening of the zone directly next to the joint area, e.g. by cooling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

為了將兩個部件連接在一起，習知方式係鉚接。在鉚接中，重要之處在於始終對連接元件或鉚釘進行相同的施力，以確保在諸部件之間存在固定的連接。習知方法無法確保此點。本發明提供一種裝置及一種方法，其中排除了上述缺點。透過如下方式以實現：成型衝頭(24)係可動地支承在桿部(22)中，其中，桿部(22)之內徑相當於透過成型衝頭(24)而發生變形的連接元件(12)之直徑。

Description

用於鉚接構件的方法及裝置
本發明係有關於一種如請求項1之前言所述的用於鉚接構件的裝置。本發明還有關於一種如請求項8之前言所述的鉚接之方法。
連接兩個部件或構件的習知方法為鉚接。其中，例如使得第一部件與第二部件或所謂的接合伴件相接觸，並且透過連接構件，特別是透過銷針或鉚釘，以連接或鉚接在一起。
在此種鉚接法中，極其重要的一點在於始終對連接元件進行相同的施力，以在該二部件之間確保足夠強有力的連接。特別是在數個待實施的對兩個部件之鉚接過程中，施力必須具有可重複性。在兩個部件之需連接的各連接元件受到不同的施力的情況下，可能導致部件之連接存在缺陷且穩定性不足。
有鑒於此，本發明之目的在於提供本文開篇所述類型的一種裝置及一種方法，其中排除了上述缺點。
用以達成上述目的之裝置具有請求項1之特徵。因此，設有具有成型衝頭及桿部之裝置，該成型衝頭係可動地支承在該桿部中。其中，確定桿部之內徑的尺寸，使其相當於透過成型衝 頭而發生變形的連接元件之直徑。為了將連接元件與接合伴件鉚接在一起，成型衝頭使得連接元件發生變形，使其將連接元件擠壓至桿部之內壁上。因此，桿部之內壁成為變形的連接元件之下模(counter die)。透過該下模或透過桿部之內壁施加至變形的連接元件之阻力，可防止用於鉚接之裝置中的連接元件之材料溢出。透過所定義的邊界條件，便能透過施加至連接元件之成型衝頭實現可重複的施力。透過成型衝頭以使連接元件發生變形，使得變形的連接元件始終具有相同的形狀。透過其相同的連接元件幾何形狀或鉚釘頭幾何形狀，使得所有的連接達到相同的強度。
此外，較佳地，桿部之內徑與成型衝頭之外徑相對應，而成型衝頭較佳係可形狀配合地在桿部中運動，或者，成型衝頭與桿部之內壁至少小幅地相互間隔。如此，便能防止在連接元件變形時，材料穿過桿部之內壁與成型衝頭之間的間隙。此點導致成型衝頭所施加的可重複的施力。
本發明特別是可進一步提出：成型衝頭係與氣動單元相連接，而成型衝頭係透過該氣動單元施加有可控的及可變的而特別是持續的壓力，其中，該壓力較佳係根據連接元件之溫度而為可變的，且其中，透過該氣動單元，對連接元件施加壓力之持續期間較佳為可調節的或可變的。僅需對成型衝頭施加使得經過加熱的連接元件成為期望的形狀所需之壓力，而透過以溫度相關的方式為成型衝頭施加可預先確定的或可調節的壓力。同樣可透過改變對連接元件施加壓力之持續期間或時間來控制連接元件之變形。
此外，根據本發明，此裝置具有快速更換系統，其可用來使得桿部及/或成型衝頭以及全部機械的、電力的及/或氣動的 連接件相互耦合及解耦。透過該快速更換系統，一方面可將此裝置之維護設計得快速且簡單，另一方面，為連接不同的部件或鉚接不同的連接元件，能以快速且簡單的方式更換相應的桿部及成型衝頭。為了耦合各連接件，可使用常見的快速連接件，例如卡口連接件。
根據另一較佳實施例，成型衝頭可係對應於用來加熱或冷卻成型衝頭之溫度控制系統，特別是，該成型衝頭之支架具有用於導引較佳為空氣的冷卻介質或加熱介質之通道，而且，成型衝頭及/或桿部具有至少一個對應於溫度控制系統之溫度感測器。特別是可透過該溫度控制系統以快速冷卻經過加熱的連接元件。同樣地，可額外地加熱成型衝頭，以便簡化成型衝頭與連接元件之分離。
為此，成型衝頭還可具有抗黏塗層。可透過該抗黏塗層以保護成型衝頭，從而延長其壽命。此外，可透過此塗層以改善成型衝頭與連接元件之分離情況。最後，亦可透過相應的抗黏塗層以改善連接元件之表面特性，此點特別是有利於美觀。
此外，根據本發明之另一較佳實施例，成型衝頭以及桿部可具有定位裝置，其可以用來確定成型衝頭及桿部在第二部件之表面上方及在連接元件上方之行程，以及用來確定成型衝頭與桿部之相對定向。透過此種定位裝置，此裝置能夠自動化地運動至需要變形的連接元件之正上方，或者，連接元件能夠移動至此裝置之桿部的正下方。透過測定成型衝頭在桿部中之相對位置，控制裝置識別出成型衝頭需要進行的行程長度，以便自桿部移出，或者識別出為連接元件變形所需要移動的路程。
根據另一較佳實施例，此裝置可對應於用來測定所應 用的成型衝頭之標識的感測器，其中，該標識可為對應於成型衝頭之RFID晶片、標記或條碼。可透過控制單元記錄成型衝頭之標識。此外，可為每個成型衝頭之標識保存一校準值，可用來在鉚接前校準此裝置或成型衝頭。
透過請求項8之措施來描述為達成本文開篇所述目的之方法。有鑒於此，首先，在用於加熱之裝置中將連接元件加熱，隨後，將連接元件運往用於鉚接之裝置，並且在該處透過成型衝頭使其變形。作為替代方案，亦可將用於鉚接之裝置輸往經過加熱的連接元件。用於鉚接之裝置及用於加熱之裝置在該二替代方案中皆在空間上為相互分離。
為了鉚接連接元件，將導引成型衝頭之管狀的桿部引至連接元件上方，並且以端側放置在第二部件之表面上。亦可將連接元件導入用於導引成型衝頭的桿部中。此外，成型衝頭在桿部中運動至連接元件上以鉚接諸部件，其中，透過成型衝頭以使連接元件變形，直至變形的連接元件之外徑相當於桿部之內徑。因此，透過將桿部之端側放置在第二部件之表面上，便能對變形的連接元件進行限制。如此，便能使得變形的連接元件之幾何形狀始終相同。如此還能確保所有連接元件上之施力為一致或可重複，因為，變形的連接元件無法進一步發生變形。
此外，根據本發明之另一實施例，對成型衝頭施加壓力，而特別是根據連接元件之所測得的溫度來改變該壓力。因此，連接元件之變形所需的壓力在連接元件之溫度較高的情況下，係小於溫度較低的情況。
同樣地，根據本發明，透過至少一個溫度感測器以測 量該成型衝頭之溫度，並且，透過溫度控制系統以冷卻或加熱成型衝頭。
此外，根據本發明，可透過定位裝置以測定成型衝頭及桿部相對於連接元件之位置，以及成型衝頭相對於桿部之位置，並且，成型衝頭及桿部係根據所測得的位置而移動。成型衝頭及桿部特別是朝下一個連接元件移動。
10:第一部件
11:第二部件
12:連接元件
13:噴嘴
14:箭頭方向；方向
15:端側
16:表面
17:間隙
18:箭頭方向
19:套管
20:通道
21:端側
22:桿部
23:端側
24:成型衝頭
26:端面
圖1a為將噴嘴引至連接元件之示意圖。
圖1b為將噴嘴下降至連接元件上方以施加熱空氣之示意圖。
圖1c為噴嘴自經加熱的連接元件移開之示意圖。
圖2a為將用於鉚接之裝置引至連接元件之示意圖。
圖2b為將桿部放置在表面上之示意圖。
圖2c為透過成型衝頭以使連接元件變形之示意圖。
圖2d為透過成型衝頭以使連接元件成型之示意圖。
圖2e為用於鉚接之裝置自所鉚接的部件移開之示意圖。
圖3a為將具有套管之噴嘴引至連接元件之另一實施例之示意圖。
圖3b為透過噴嘴為連接元件施加熱空氣之示意圖。
圖3c為噴嘴及套管在加熱連接元件後移開之示意圖。
圖4a為將具有套管之噴嘴引至連接元件之另一實施例之示意圖。
圖4b為透過噴嘴為連接元件施加熱空氣之示意圖。
圖4c為套管及噴嘴自連接元件移開之示意圖。
下面結合附圖對本發明之較佳實施例作詳細說明。為了將第一部件10與亦稱作接合伴件的第二部件11鉚接在一起，首先透過施加熱介質或熱空氣以加熱亦稱作銷針或鉚釘的連接元件12(圖1a、圖1b)。在附圖所示實施例中，連接元件12係對應於第一部件10，且透過開口而被引入第二部件11。
透過圖1a至1c，示出加熱連接元件12之原理。其中，首先將實質上呈管狀的噴嘴13沿箭頭方向14導引至連接元件12上方(圖1a、圖1b)。為清楚起見，在此僅示出高度示意性的噴嘴13之一部分。同樣地，亦可將連接元件12引入噴嘴13。透過未示出的熱空氣發生器以生成需要透過噴嘴13導引的熱空氣。其中，首先將空氣輸往熱空氣發生器，隨後將熱空氣發生器加熱至預設的溫度。透過未示出的相應的風扇，將熱空氣透過噴嘴13加速地直接引至連接元件12上。為了使得熱空氣能夠在加熱連接元件12時在噴嘴13之端側15上逸出並且不導致熱空氣積聚，僅需將噴嘴13引至連接元件12上方，使得在第二部件11之端側15與表面16之間形成間隙17。藉此，穿過噴嘴13之熱空氣加熱了連接元件12，且隨後透過環狀的間隙離開噴嘴13(圖1b)。
在預設的時間過後，將噴嘴13重新沿箭頭方向18自連接元件12移開，在該時間內，為連接元件12充分地施加熱空氣(圖1c)。此外，移動噴嘴13以使其可為另一個連接元件12施加熱空氣，或者，使得另一個第一部件10連同相應的第二部件11相對於噴嘴13定向，從而使得該噴嘴又可被引至連接元件12上方。
一旦連接元件12被加熱，則將部件10、11自其工位 或用來加熱用於鉚接的連接元件12之裝置，運輸至另一個工位或裝置。透過圖2a至圖2e示意性地描述本發明之用於鉚接之裝置。較佳地結合圖1a至圖1c、圖3a至圖3c及圖4a至圖4c所示之用於加熱連接元件12之裝置，以觀察此用於鉚接之裝置。但，亦可將在此所描述之用於鉚接的裝置與其他加熱裝置組合在一起。
為了以本發明之方式將第一部件10與第二部件11鉚接在一起，將管狀的桿部22引至連接元件12上方(圖2a)。在此過程中，將桿部22之端側23放置至第二部件11之表面16上，使得在桿部22之內部形成一閉合的腔室(圖2b)。針對形狀配合連接，桿部可經彈簧預緊，以便與表面16上可能存在的不規則處相適應或者抵消振動。成型衝頭24係可動地支承在桿部22內。一旦桿部22沿方向14下降至連接元件12上方，或者在下降期間，成型衝頭24在桿部22內同樣沿方向14運動至連接元件12上(圖2c)。成型衝頭24之外徑較佳係相當於桿部22之內徑，使得在桿部22與成型衝頭24之間無法形成任何間隙。
在所示實施例中，成型衝頭24之端面26呈凹形。隨後，透過端面26之形狀或拱形結構以定義變形的連接元件12之形狀。藉此，附圖所示之端面26亦可具有其他形狀，例如呈凸形或平坦的形狀。
為了將第一部件10與第二部件11鉚接在一起，透過成型衝頭24沿箭頭方向14將連接元件12壓縮或使其變形(圖2d)。在此過程中，熱的連接元件12始終附在成型衝頭24之端面26之形狀上及桿部22之內壁上。透過連接元件12之運動中的限制，以定義的方式確定連接元件12之形狀。
一旦成型衝頭24之端面26與連接元件12相接觸，便可改變施加至成型衝頭24之力，以便連接元件12以所定義的壓力發生變形。同樣地，可改變或減小成型衝頭24用來在桿部22內運動之速度。
可透過用於成型衝頭24之位移測量裝置及/或用於測定透過連接元件12所施加之反壓的感測器，以控制其鉚接。透過此控制，便能在所定義的條件下始終以相同的力及相同的速度將成型衝頭24引至連接元件12上。透過此操作，便能實現施力或鉚接過程之最佳的可重複性。透過成型衝頭24施加至連接元件12之壓力，可透過對應於成型衝頭24之彈簧或彈簧預緊而實施。透過調節其彈簧預緊，便能透過成型衝頭24以調節施力。
一旦鉚接過程完結，即，連接元件12達到其預設形狀或被施加預定義的力，則將桿部22連同成型衝頭24沿箭頭方向18重新自表面16移除。在此後退運動中，成型衝頭24在桿部22內便已實施後退運動(圖2e)。
透過圖3a至圖3c描述另一個用於加熱連接元件12之裝置。在該實施例中，為圖1a至圖1c所示之噴嘴13補充一套管19。圖3a至圖3c之與圖1a至圖1c中一致的對象用相同的元件符號表示。
正如前文根據圖1a至圖1c所描述的那樣，為了加熱連接元件12，將噴嘴13引至連接元件12上方，具體而言，使得在第二部件11之表面16與噴嘴13之端側15之間保留有間隙17。但，同樣可將連接元件12引入噴嘴13。套管19圍繞噴嘴13而佈置，具體而言，使得在噴嘴13之外壁與套管19之內壁之間形成通道 20。此通道20可呈環狀地在軸向上圍繞噴嘴13或在套管19內延伸。但，此通道20亦可呈任意形狀且不同於環狀的外形。
套管19之端側21反向於箭頭方向14輕微地朝後錯開。藉此，噴嘴13之端側15便與套管19之端側21相互錯開。因此，套管19之端側21與第二部件11之表面16之間的距離，係大於噴嘴13之端側15與第二部件11之表面16之間的距離(圖3b)。
在對連接元件12施加熱空氣的情況下，可透過噴嘴13與套管19之間的通道20，將自噴嘴13之端側15所排出之溫度仍然較高的空氣吸走。可透過未示出的真空泵主動地實施其抽吸，該真空泵例如係在套管19之與端側21相對立佈置的一側上與該套管相連接。此外，亦可透過動壓(dynamic pressure)效應而透過通道20以將熱空氣被動地導出。透過主動地或被動地導出熱空氣，一方面可將至少一大部分自噴嘴13排出之熱空氣自表面16引開，另一方面，可將熱空氣重新輸往熱空氣發生器及風扇，以便重新加熱連接元件12。
一旦對連接元件12施加足夠的熱空氣，則由套管19及噴嘴13所構成的單元便沿箭頭方向18離開連接元件12(圖3c)。
本發明之圖4a至圖4c所示實施例與圖3a至圖3c所示實施例之主要區別在於：在對連接元件12施加熱空氣期間，使得套管19之端側21與第二部件11之表面16相接觸(圖4b)。除此之外，圖4a至圖4c所示實施例以類似於圖3a至圖3c所示實施例的方式實施，因此，針對相同的對象使用相同的元件符號。
套管19以其端側21抵靠在第二部件11之表面16上，如此便能將穿過噴嘴13之端側15進入通道20的全部熱空氣 吸走(圖3b)。如此，便能重新利用全部熱空氣以加熱連接元件12。此外，可透過建構出圍繞噴嘴13的閉合的腔室，以加熱連接元件12，而周圍的部件，特別是第二部件11或敏感的構件，則無需承受高溫。
在圖4a至圖4c所示實施例中，套管19之端側21以沿箭頭方向14而與噴嘴13之端側15錯開的方式佈置。透過此錯開佈置，在噴嘴13之端側15與表面16之間形成間隙17，而套管19之端側21在表面16上係可移除。
此外，套管19與噴嘴13可在軸向上相對於彼此而移動。透過噴嘴13與套管19相對彼此而移動之方案，便能以相同的單元實現圖3a至圖3c所示實施例以及圖4a至圖4c所示實施例。因套管19與噴嘴13之間可能存在的彈簧預緊力，套管與噴嘴在引起相對運動之力斷開的情況下，回到起始位置。透過彈簧預緊力或者套管19或噴嘴13之彈性支承，便能在將套管11之端側21放置在表面16上時對第二部件11之表面16上可能的不規則處或不平坦處進行補償。因此，透過套管19之彈性支承或透過套管19之彈簧預緊力，儘管可能存在不規則處或不平坦處，仍可在套管19與表面16之間實現至少最大程度地齊平的連接。同樣可透過套管19之彈性支承，對其裝置或第二部件11之可能的振動進行補償。例如，可透過未示出的驅動裝置以實施相對運動，透過同樣未示出的控制單元以操作其驅動裝置，使其在引出由噴嘴13及套管19所構成的單元時，導引套管19越過噴嘴13。透過該控制單元，同樣可對在為連接元件12施加熱空氣後套管19或噴嘴13是否重回起始位置進行控制。
10:第一部件
11:第二部件
12:連接元件
14:箭頭方向；方向
16:表面
22:桿部
24:成型衝頭

Claims (11)

  1. 一種用於鉚接之裝置，具有一成型衝頭，用於將一第一部件(10)與一第二部件(11)鉚接在一起，其中，該第一部件(10)可對應於經過加熱的一連接元件(12)，其係用於將該第一部件(10)與該第二部件(11)連接在一起；以及，具有一桿部(22)，而該成型衝頭(24)係可動地支承在該桿部中，其特徵在於：該桿部(22)之內徑係相當於透過該成型衝頭(24)而發生變形的連接元件(12)之直徑；以及該成型衝頭(24)係與一氣動單元相連接，而該成型衝頭(24)可透過該氣動單元施加有可控的且可變的壓力，其中，該壓力係根據該連接元件(12)之溫度而為可變的。
  2. 如請求項1之裝置，其中，該桿部(22)之內徑係與該成型衝頭(24)之外徑相對應，而該成型衝頭(24)較佳係可形狀配合地在該桿部(22)中運動，或者，該成型衝頭(24)係與該桿部(22)之一內壁至少小幅地相互間隔。
  3. 如請求項1或2之裝置，其中，設有一快速更換系統，其可用來使得該桿部(22)及/或該成型衝頭(24)以及全部機械的、電力的及/或氣動的連接件相互耦合及解耦。
  4. 如請求項1之裝置，其中，該成型衝頭(24)係對應於用來加熱或冷卻該成型衝頭(24)之一溫度控制系統，而其中，該成型衝頭(24)之一支架具有用於導引冷卻介質或加熱介質之通道，而且，該成型衝頭(24)及/或該桿部(22)具有至少一個對應於該溫度控制系統之溫度感測器。
  5. 如請求項1之裝置，其中，該成型衝頭(24)以及該桿部(22)具 有一定位裝置，其可用來確定該成型衝頭(24)及該桿部(22)在該第二部件(11)之一表面(16)上方及在該連接元件(12)上方之行程，以及用來確定該成型衝頭(24)與該桿部(22)之相對定向。
  6. 如請求項1或2之裝置，其中，設有一感測器，其係用於測定所應用的該成型衝頭(24)之標識；以及，設有一控制單元，其係將所測得的標識儲存為文檔，及/或藉由所保存的標識以進行平穩。
  7. 一種鉚接方法，用於將一第一部件(10)與一第二部件(11)鉚接在一起，其中，在鉚接前將用於將該第一部件(10)與該第二部件(11)連接在一起之一連接元件(12)加熱，其特徵在於：首先，在一用於加熱之裝置中將該連接元件(12)加熱，隨後，在一用於鉚接之裝置中透過一成型衝頭(24)使其變形；以及該成型衝頭(24)係連接於一氣動單元，使該成型衝頭(24)透過該氣動單元以施加可控的且可變的壓力，其中，根據該連接元件(12)之所測得的溫度以改變其壓力。
  8. 如請求項7之方法，其中，為了進行鉚接，將導引該成型衝頭(24)之一管狀的桿部(22)引至該連接元件(12)上方，並且以一端側(23)放置在該第二部件(11)之一表面(16)上。
  9. 如請求項8之方法，其中，該成型衝頭(24)在該桿部(22)中運動至該連接元件(12)上以鉚接該第一部件(10)與該第二部件(11)，而其中，透過該成型衝頭(24)使得該連接元件(12)變形，直至變形的該連接元件(12)之外徑相當於該桿部(22)之內徑。
  10. 如請求項7至9中任一項之方法，其中，透過至少一個溫度感測器以測量該成型衝頭(24)之溫度，並且，透過一溫度控制系統以冷卻或加熱該成型衝頭(24)。
  11. 如請求項7之方法，其中，透過一定位裝置以測定該成型衝頭(24)及該桿部(22)相對於該連接元件(12)之位置，以及該成型衝頭(24)相對於該桿部(22)之位置，並且，該成型衝頭(24)及該桿部(22)係根據所測得的位置而移動，而其中，該成型衝頭(24)及該桿部(22)係朝下一個連接元件(12)移動或相對於彼此而移動。
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DE102016006097A1 (de) * 2016-05-20 2017-11-23 Wolf Produktionssysteme GmbH & Co. KG Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung des Kopfes einer Kunststoffniet sowie Verfahren hierfür

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