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CN111867815A - 用于铆接构件的方法及装置 - Google Patents

用于铆接构件的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111867815A
CN111867815A CN201980019292.4A CN201980019292A CN111867815A CN 111867815 A CN111867815 A CN 111867815A CN 201980019292 A CN201980019292 A CN 201980019292A CN 111867815 A CN111867815 A CN 111867815A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
forming punch
connecting element
shank
component
riveting
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Granted
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CN201980019292.4A
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English (en)
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CN111867815B (zh
Inventor
C·赫尔曼
A·加赫斯特
I·雷米格
T·克拉夫特
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bdtronic GmbH
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bdtronic GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/26—Hot fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/003—Protecting areas of the parts to be joined from overheating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8167—Quick change joining tools or surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/87—Auxiliary operations or devices
    • B29C66/872—Starting or stopping procedures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91212—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods involving measurement means being part of the welding jaws, e.g. integrated in the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/91231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/348—Avoiding melting or weakening of the zone directly next to the joint area, e.g. by cooling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

为了将两个部件连接在一起，已知将它们铆接。在铆接中，重要之处在于始终对连接元件或铆钉进行相同的施力，以确保在各部件之间存在牢固的连接。已知方法无法确保此点。本发明提供一种装置及一种方法，其中克服了上述缺点。这通过如下方式以实现：成型冲头(24)可运动地支承在杆部(22)中，其中，杆部(22)的内径相当于通过成型冲头(24)发生变形的连接元件(12)的直径。

Description

用于铆接构件的方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于铆接构件的装置。本发明还涉及一种如权利要求8的前序部分所述的铆接的方法。
背景技术
连接两个部件或构件的一种已知方法为铆接。其中，例如使得第一部件与第二部件或所谓的接合配对件相接触，并且通过连接构件、特别是通过销针或铆钉彼此连接或铆接。
在此种铆接方法中，极其重要的一点在于始终对连接元件进行相同的施力，以在该两个部件之间确保足够强有力的连接。特别是在许多待实施的对两个部件的铆接过程中，施力必须具有可重复性。在需连接的两个部件的各单个连接元件受到不同的施力的情况下，可能导致部件的连接存在缺陷且稳定性不足。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供开头所述类型的一种装置及一种方法，其中克服了上述缺点。
用以达成上述目的的装置具有权利要求1的特征。据此，该装置设有成型冲头及杆部，该成型冲头可运动地支承在该杆部中。在此，杆部的内径的尺寸确定成使其相当于通过成型冲头发生变形的连接元件的直径。为了将连接元件与接合配对件铆接在一起，成型冲头使得连接元件如此发生变形，使连接元件被挤压至杆部的内壁上。因此，杆部的内壁成为变形的连接元件的阴模。通过该阴模或通过杆部的内壁施加至变形的连接元件的阻力，可防止连接元件的材料从用于铆接的装置中溢出。通过所定义的边界条件，便能通过成型冲头可重复地施力到连接元件上。通过成型冲头如此使连接元件发生变形，使得变形的连接元件始终具有相同的形状。通过相同的连接元件几何形状或铆钉头几何形状，使得对于所有的连接达到相同的强度。
此外，优选地可以规定，杆部的内径与成型冲头的外径相对应，优选成型冲头可形锁合地在杆部中运动，或者成型冲头与杆部的内壁至少小幅地相互间隔。如此，便能防止在连接元件变形时，材料穿过杆部的内壁与成型冲头之间的间隙。这导致成型冲头的可重复的施力。
本发明特别是可进一步规定：成型冲头与气动单元相连接，成型冲头通过该气动单元可以被施加可控的及可变的、特别是持续的压力，其中，该压力优选根据连接元件的温度是可改变的，并且通过该气动单元优选连接元件施加压力的持续时间是可调节的或可改变的。通过与温度相关的方式为成型冲头施加可预先确定的或可调节的压力，仅需正好对成型冲头施加使经过加热的连接元件成为期望的形状所需的压力。同样可通过改变对连接元件施加压力的持续时间或时间来控制连接元件的变形。
此外，根据本发明，此装置具有快速更换系统，通过该快速更换系统可以使得杆部和/或成型冲头以及全部机械的、电力的和/或气动的连接件相互耦联及解耦。通过该快速更换系统，一方面可将此装置的维护设计得快速且简单，另一方面，为连接不同的部件或铆接不同的连接元件，能以快速且简单的方式更换相应的杆部及成型冲头。为了耦联各连接件，可使用常见的快速连接件，例如卡口连接件。
根据另一优选实施例可以规定，成型冲头配设用来加热或冷却成型冲头的温度控制系统，特别是该成型冲头的支架具有用于导引优选为空气的冷却介质或加热介质的通道，并且成型冲头和/或杆部具有至少一个配设给温度控制系统的温度传感器。通过该温度控制系统特别是可以快速冷却经过加热的连接元件。同样地可以考虑额外地加热成型冲头，以便简化成型冲头与连接元件的分离。
为此，成型冲头还可具有抗黏涂层。可通过该抗黏涂层一方面保护成型冲头，从而延长其寿命。此外，可通过此涂层以改善成型冲头与连接元件的分离特性。最后，亦可通过相应的抗黏涂层改善连接元件的表面特性，这特别是有利于美观。
此外，根据本发明的另一优选实施例，成型冲头以及杆部可具有位置确定装置，其可以用来确定成型冲头及杆部在第二部件的表面上方及在连接元件上方的行程，以及用来确定成型冲头与杆部的相对定位。通过此种位置确定装置，此装置能够自动化地运动至需要变形的连接元件的正上方，或者，连接元件能够移动至此装置的杆部的正下方。通过测定成型冲头在杆部中的相对位置，控制装置识别出成型冲头需要进行的行程长度以从杆部移出，或者识别出为连接元件变形所需要移动的路程。
根据另一实施例，给此装置配设用来测定所应用的成型冲头的标识的传感器，其中，该标识可为配设给成型冲头的RFID芯片、标签或条形码。可通过控制单元记录成型冲头的标识。此外，可为每个成型冲头的标识保存校准值，利用该校准值可以在铆接之前校准此装置或成型冲头。
通过权利要求8的措施来描述用于达成开头所述目的的方法。据此，首先在用于加热的装置中将连接元件加热，并且随后将连接元件运往用于铆接的装置，并且在该处通过成型冲头使其变形。作为替代方案，亦可将用于铆接的装置输往经过加热的连接元件。用于铆接的装置及用于加热的装置在该两种替代方案中皆在空间上相互分离。
为了铆接连接元件，将导引成型冲头的管状的杆部引至连接元件上方，并且杆部以一个端侧放置在第二部件的一个表面上。亦可将连接元件导入用于导引成型冲头的杆部中。此外规定，成型冲头在杆部中运动至连接元件上以铆接各部件，其中，通过成型冲头使连接元件变形成直至变形的连接元件的外径相当于杆部的内径。因此，通过将杆部的端侧放置在第二部件的表面上，便能对变形的连接元件进行限制。如此，便能使得变形的连接元件的几何形状始终相同。如此还能确保所有连接元件上的施力为一致或可重复，因为变形的连接元件不能进一步发生变形。
此外，根据本发明的另一实施例，对成型冲头施加压力，该压力特别是根据连接元件的所测得的温度来改变。因此，连接元件的变形所需的压力在连接元件的温度较高的情况下小于在温度较低的情况下。
同样地，可以根据本发明规定，通过至少一个温度传感器测量该成型冲头的温度，并且通过温度控制系统冷却或加热成型冲头。
此外，根据本发明可以规定，通过位置确定装置测定成型冲头及杆部相对于连接元件的位置以及成型冲头相对于杆部的位置，并且成型冲头及杆部根据所测得的位置而移动。成型冲头及杆部特别是朝下一个连接元件移动。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的一个优选实施例作详细说明，其中：
图1a为将喷嘴引至连接元件的示意图，
图1b为将喷嘴下降至连接元件上方以施加热空气的示意图，
图1c为喷嘴从被加热的连接元件移开的示意图，
图2a为将用于铆接的装置引至连接元件的示意图，
图2b为将杆部放置在表面上的示意图，
图2c为通过成型冲头以使连接元件变形的示意图，
图2d为通过成型冲头以使连接元件成型的示意图，
图2e为用于铆接的装置从所铆接的部件移开的示意图，
图3a为将具有套管的喷嘴引至连接元件的另一实施例的示意图，
图3b为通过喷嘴为连接元件施加热空气的示意图，
图3c为在加热连接元件之后喷嘴及套管移开的示意图，
图4a为将具有套管的喷嘴引至连接元件的另一实施例的示意图，
图4b为通过喷嘴为连接元件施加热空气的示意图，并且
图4c为套管及喷嘴从连接元件移开的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了将第一部件10与亦称作接合配对件的第二部件11铆接在一起，首先通过施加热介质或热空气来加热亦称作销针或铆钉的连接元件12(图1a、图1b)。在附图所示实施例中，连接元件12配设给第一部件10，且被引导通过第二部件11中的开口。
通过图1a至1c，示出加热连接元件12的原理。其中，首先将基本上呈管状的喷嘴13沿箭头方向14导引至连接元件12上方(图1a、图1b)。为清楚起见，在此仅示出高度示意性的喷嘴13的一部分。同样也可以将连接元件12导入到喷嘴13中。通过未示出的热空气发生器以生成需要通过喷嘴13导引的热空气。在此，首先将空气输往热空气发生器，随后将空气加热至预设的温度。通过未示出的相应的鼓风机，将热空气加速地通过喷嘴13直接引至连接元件12上。为了使得热空气能够在加热连接元件12时在喷嘴13的端侧15上逸出并且不导致热空气积聚，仅需如此程度地将喷嘴13引至连接元件12上，使得在端侧15与第二部件11的表面16之间形成间隙17。由此，流动通过喷嘴13的热空气加热了连接元件12，且随后通过环状的间隙离开喷嘴13(图1b)。
在预设的时间(在该时间内对连接元件12充分地施加热空气)之后，将喷嘴13重新沿箭头方向18从连接元件12移开(图1c)。此外，移动喷嘴13以使其可为另一个连接元件12施加热空气，或者，使得另一个第一部件10连同相应的第二部件11相对于喷嘴13定位，以使得该喷嘴又可被引至连接元件12上方。
一旦连接元件12被加热后，则将部件10、11从该工位或用来加热的连接元件12的装置为了铆接而运输至另一个工位或装置。通过图2a至图2e示意性地描述本发明的用于铆接的装置。优选地结合图1a至图1c、图3a至图3c及图4a至图4c所示的用于加热连接元件12的装置，观察此用于铆接的装置。然而亦可将在此所描述的用于铆接的装置与其他加热装置组合在一起。
为了以本发明的方式将第一部件10与第二部件11铆接在一起，将管状的杆部22引到至连接元件12上方(图2a)。在此，将杆部22的端侧23放置至第二部件11的表面16上，使得在杆部22的内部形成闭合的腔室(图2b)。为了形锁合的连接，可以考虑的是，杆部经由弹簧预紧，以便与表面16上可能存在的不规则处相适应或者抵消振动。成型冲头24可运动地支承在杆部22内。一旦杆部22沿方向14下降至连接元件12上方，或者在下降期间，成型冲头24在杆部22内同样沿方向14运动至连接元件12上(图2c)。成型冲头24的外径优选相当于杆部22的内径，使得在杆部22与成型冲头24之间无法形成任何间隙。
在所示实施例中，成型冲头24的端面26呈凹形地形成。随后，通过端面26的形状或拱形结构来定义变形的连接元件12的形状。由此，附图所示的端面26亦可具有其他形状，例如呈凸形或平坦的形状。
为了将第一部件10与第二部件11铆接在一起，通过成型冲头24沿箭头方向14将连接元件12压缩或使其变形(图2d)。在此过程中，热的连接元件12始终附在成型冲头24的端面26的形状上及杆部22的内壁上。通过连接元件12的运动中的限制，以定义的方式确定连接元件12的形状。
一旦成型冲头24的端面26与连接元件12相接触，便可改变施加至成型冲头24的力，以便使连接元件12以所定义的压力发生变形。同样地，可改变或减小成型冲头24在杆部22内运动的速度。
通过用于成型冲头24的位移测量装置和/或用于测定通过连接元件12施加的反压的传感器可以控制铆接。通过此控制，便能在所定义的条件下始终以相同的力及相同的速度将成型冲头24引导至连接元件12上。通过此操作，便能实现施力或铆接过程的最佳的可重复性。通过成型冲头24施加至连接元件12的压力，可以通过配设于成型冲头24的弹簧或弹簧预紧而实施。通过调节该弹簧预紧，便能调节通过成型冲头24施加的力。
一旦铆接过程完结，即，连接元件12达到其预设形状或被施加预定义的力，则将杆部22连同成型冲头24沿箭头方向18重新从表面16移除。在此后退运动中，成型冲头24可以在杆部22内便已实施后退运动(图2e)。
通过图3a至图3c描述另一个用于加热连接元件12的装置。在该实施例中，为图1a至图1c所示的喷嘴13补充套管19。图3a至图3c的与图1a至图1c中一致的对象用相同的附图标记表示。
正如前文根据图1a至图1c所描述的那样，为了加热连接元件12，将喷嘴13引至连接元件12上方，并且使得在第二部件11的表面16与喷嘴13的端侧15之间保留有间隙17。但是，同样可考虑将连接元件12导入喷嘴13中。套管19围绕喷嘴13布置，并且使得在喷嘴13的外壁与套管19的内壁之间形成通道20。此通道20可呈环状地在轴向上围绕喷嘴13或在套管19内延伸。但是，此通道20亦可呈任意形状且不同于环状的外形。
套管19的端侧21反向于箭头方向14轻微地朝后错开。由此，喷嘴13的端侧15便与套管19的端侧21相互错开。因此，套管19的端侧21与第二部件11的表面16之间的距离大于喷嘴13的端侧15与第二部件11的表面16之间的距离(图3b)。
在对连接元件12施加热空气的情况下，可通过喷嘴13与套管19之间的通道20将自喷嘴13的端侧15所排出的温度仍然较高的空气吸走。可通过未示出的真空泵主动地实施该抽吸，该真空泵例如在套管19的与端侧21相对置的一侧上与该套管相连接。此外，亦可通过背压效应通过通道20将热空气被动地导出。通过主动地或被动地导出热空气，一方面可将至少一大部分自喷嘴13排出的热空气从表面16引开，另一方面，可将热空气重新输往热空气发生器及鼓风机，以便重新加热连接元件12。
一旦对连接元件12施加足够的热空气，则由套管19及喷嘴13所构成的单元便沿箭头方向18离开连接元件12(图3c)。
本发明的图4a至图4c所示实施例与图3a至图3c所示实施例的主要区别在于：在对连接元件12施加热空气期间，使得套管19的端侧21与第二部件11的表面16相接触(图4b)。除此之外，图4a至图4c所示实施例以类似于图3a至图3c所示实施例的方式实施，因此针对相同的对象使用相同的附图标记。
套管19以其端侧21抵靠在第二部件11的表面16上，如此便能将穿过喷嘴13的端侧15进入通道20的全部热空气吸走(图3b)。如此，便能重新利用全部热空气以加热连接元件12。此外，可通过构成出围绕喷嘴13的闭合的腔室来加热连接元件12，而周围的部件、特别是第二部件11或敏感的构件则无需承受高温。
在图4a至图4c所示实施例中可以规定，套管19的端侧21以沿箭头方向14与喷嘴13的端侧15错开的方式布置。通过此错开布置，在喷嘴13的端侧15与表面16之间形成间隙17，而套管19的端侧21可下降到表面16上。
此外，可以规定，套管19与喷嘴13可在轴向上相对于彼此移动。通过喷嘴13与套管19相对彼此移动的方案，便能以相同的单元实现图3a至图3c所示实施例以及图4a至图4c所示实施例。通过在套管19与喷嘴13之间可能存在的弹簧预紧力，一旦在引起相对运动的力断开的情况下，套管和喷嘴运动回到起始位置。通过弹簧预紧力或者套管19或喷嘴13的弹性支承，便能在将套管11的端侧21放置在表面16上时对第二部件11的表面16上可能的不规则处或不平坦处进行补偿。因此，通过套管19的弹性支承或通过套管19的弹簧预紧力，尽管可能存在不规则处或不平坦处，仍可在套管19与表面16之间实现至少最大程度地齐平的连接。同样可通过套管19的弹性支承，对装置或第二部件11的可能的振动进行补偿。例如，可通过未示出的驱动装置实现该相对运动，该驱动装置通过同样未示出的控制单元这样运行，使得在引出由喷嘴13及套管19所构成的单元时，套管19被引导越过喷嘴13。通过该控制单元同样可对在为连接元件12施加热空气后套管19或喷嘴13是否返回起始位置进行控制。
附图标记清单
10 第一部件
11 第二部件
12 连接元件
13 喷嘴
14 箭头方向
15 端侧
16 表面
17 间隙
18 箭头方向
19 套筒
20 通道
21 端侧
22 杆部
23 端侧
24 成型冲头
26 端面

Claims (13)

1.一种用于将第一部件(10)与第二部件(11)、特别是接合配对件铆接的装置，其具有成型冲头，其中，经过加热的连接元件(12)能够被配设给该第一部件(10)，该连接元件用于将该第一部件(10)与该第二部件(11)连接，并且该装置具有杆部(22)，该成型冲头(24)可运动地支承在该杆部中，其特征在于：
该杆部(22)的内径相当于通过该成型冲头(24)发生变形的连接元件(12)的直径。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，该杆部(22)的内径与该成型冲头(24)的外径相对应，优选该成型冲头(24)能够形锁合地在该杆部(22)中运动，或者该成型冲头(24)与该杆部(22)的内壁至少小幅地相互间隔。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，该成型冲头(24)与气动单元相连接，该成型冲头(24)能够通过该气动单元被施加可控的且可变的、特别是持续的压力，其中，该压力优选根据该连接元件(12)的温度是可改变的，并且通过该气动单元优选该连接元件(12)的施加压力的持续时间是可调节的或可变的。
4.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，设有快速更换系统，通过该快速更换系统能够使得该杆部(22)和/或该成型冲头(24)以及全部机械的、电力的和/或气动的连接件相互耦联及解耦。
5.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，该成型冲头(24)配设用来加热或冷却该成型冲头(24)的温度控制系统，特别是该成型冲头(24)的支架具有用于导引优选为空气的冷却介质或加热介质的通道，并且该成型冲头(24)和/或该杆部(22)具有至少一个配设给该温度控制系统的温度传感器。
6.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，该成型冲头(24)以及该杆部(22)具有位置确定装置，利用该位置确定装置能够确定该成型冲头(24)和该杆部(22)在该第二部件(11)的表面(16)上方和在该连接元件(12)上方的行程以及确定该成型冲头(24)与该杆部(22)的相对定位。
7.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，设有传感器，该传感器用于测定所应用的该成型冲头(24)的标识、优选该成型冲头(24)的RFID芯片或标签；并且设有控制单元，该控制单元将所测得的标识储存为文档和/或与所保存的、特别是用于校准的标识进行比较。
8.一种用于将第一部件(10)与第二部件(11)、特别是接合配对件铆接的方法，其中，在铆接前将用于将该第一部件(10)与该第二部件(11)连接的连接元件(12)加热，其特征在于：
首先在用于加热的装置中将该连接元件(12)加热，并且随后在用于铆接的装置中通过成型冲头(24)使该连接元件变形。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，为了进行铆接，将导引该成型冲头(24)的管状的杆部(22)引至该连接元件(12)上方，并且杆部以一端侧(23)放置在该第二部件(11)的一表面(16)上。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，该成型冲头(24)在该杆部(22)中运动至该连接元件(12)上以铆接所述部件(10、11)，其中，通过该成型冲头(24)使得该连接元件(12)变形成直至变形的该连接元件(12)的外径相当于该杆部(22)的内径。
11.如权利要求8至10中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，对该成型冲头(24)施加压力，该压力特别是根据该连接元件(12)的所测得的温度被改变。
12.如权利要求8至11中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，通过至少一个温度传感器测量该成型冲头(24)的温度，并且通过温度控制系统冷却或加热该成型冲头(24)。
13.如权利要求8至12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，通过位置确定装置测定该成型冲头(24)和该杆部(22)相对于该连接元件(12)的位置以及该成型冲头(24)相对于该杆部(22)的位置，并且该成型冲头(24)和该杆部(22)根据所测得的位置而移动，特别是，该成型冲头(24)及该杆部(22)朝下一个连接元件(12)移动或相对于彼此移动。
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