TWI782946B - 包括具有硫醇基之反應性添加劑之聚合物複合材料及膜以用於提高量子點分散及阻隔性質 - Google Patents
包括具有硫醇基之反應性添加劑之聚合物複合材料及膜以用於提高量子點分散及阻隔性質 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F12/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F12/08—Styrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/10—Esters
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- C08F20/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F20/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本發明提供其中分散有量子點之聚合物複合材料,諸如膜,其中該聚合物包括(b)含有一至6個硫醇基之第一化合物之聚合單元,該化合物之分子量為300至20,000,且具有至少一個具有至少三個碳原子、或較佳至少5個碳原子之連續非環烴基鏈;及(c)第二化合物之聚合單元,該第二化合物之分子量為100至750且包括至少兩個可聚合乙烯基作為(甲基)丙烯酸酯基之一部分或直接連接至芳環,且其中該第一化合物之該分子量減該第二化合物之該分子量為至少100。該等聚合物複合材料提供更穩定分散且更持久的量子點複合物以用於例如顯示裝置。
Description
本發明係關於一種含有量子點(quantum dot)之聚合物複合材料,尤其含有無鎘量子點之聚合物複合材料。
半導體量子點(QD)提供顯著不同於塊體材料之光學吸收及發射(光致發光PL或電致發光EL)特性。隨著粒度減小,各可用能級之間的有效能帶隙(energy bandgap,Eg)增加且產生藍移之PL光譜。相同材料內藉由粒度相關之量子限制效應實現之此類光譜可調諧性提供優於習知塊體半導體之關鍵優勢。由於其獨特之光學性質,QD在許多顯示及照明應用中受到關注。許多QD具有無機殼,其由較大帶隙材料製成以將電子及電洞對限制於核心區域內且防止任何表面電荷狀態。外殼或QD自身隨後藉由有機配體封端以減少可導致量子產率(QY)降低之外殼俘獲狀態。QD周圍之典型有機配體幫助QD分散於有機/水性溶劑中,且具有相對較長之烷基鏈,其提供非極性溶劑或單體中之高溶解度。不幸地,在光吸收及/或光轉換過程期間QD非常易受光氧化影響。濕度亦具有類似影響。QD通常囊封於聚合物基質中以保護其免受水及氧氣之不利影響;然而,聚合物基質應與QD及任何所用配體兩者相容。
已知用於形成聚合物基質之單體,諸如三環癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯或二甲基丙烯酸異冰片酯,具有良好的O2
阻隔性質且又有與QD之不良相容性,產生會引起更低量子產率之QD聚集。
Kang等人(Kang)之美國專利申請案第US 2013/0148057 A號揭示液晶顯示器(liquid crystal display,LCD)之背光單元,包含發光二極體(light emitting diode,LED)及將自LED中發射之光轉換為白光之光轉換層。光轉換層包括量子點或半導體奈米粒子及聚合物基質。聚合物基質包括具有至少兩個末端硫醇基之第一聚合單體及具有至少兩個末端不飽和官能基之第二單體的聚合物。然而,Kang光轉換層並不提供可接受之氧氣滲透性或量子產率。
本發明人致力於提供具有經改良之氧氣阻隔及量子產率性質之含有QD之聚合物複合材料及其膜。
本發明提供一種其中分散有量子點之聚合物複合材料,該聚合物複合材料包括:(a)量子點;(b)第一化合物之聚合單元,該第一化合物包括至少一個或較佳一至6個硫醇基、或較佳二至6個硫醇基,且分子量為300至20,000或較佳為300至6000,且具有至少一個具有至少三個碳原子、或較佳至少五個碳原子之連續非環烴基鏈;及(c)第二化合物之聚合單元,該第二化合物之分子量為100至750,且包括至少兩個可聚合之乙烯基作為(甲基)丙烯酸酯基部分或直接連接至芳環,且其中第一化合物之分子量減第二化合物之分子量為至少100。
根據本發明之聚合物複合材料,(a)量子點不含鎘,例如ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、HgS、HgSe、HgTe、GaN、GaP、GaAs、InP、InAs或其組合。
優選地,本發明之聚合物複合材料中之量子點具有核殼結構,其中殼材料比核材料之帶隙更寬且與核材料晶格失配小。更佳地,此類核殼量子點為不含鎘之量子點,諸如較佳為具有含銦之核之量子點,且諸如較佳為具有III-V奈米粒子核(諸如GaAs、InP或GaP)及II-VI奈米粒子殼(諸如ZnS、ZnSe)之量子點。
根據本發明之聚合物複合材料,用於製備聚合單元(b)之第一化合物進一步包括至少一個羥基。
根據本發明之聚合物複合材料,用於製備聚合單元(b)之第一化合物為:N-烷基胺硫醇或含有胺基酸(諸如半胱胺酸)之硫醇基與C12
-C26
脂族羥基羧酸之一或多個加合物,諸如與N-烷基胺硫醇(諸如N-乙胺硫醇)之寡聚(12-羥基硬脂酸)加合物;N-烷基胺硫醇或含有胺基酸之硫醇基與C12
-C26
脂族羧酸或其二聚物之加合物;硫代烷基羧酸(諸如巰基丙酸)與C12
-C26
脂族二醇或三醇或其二聚物之加合物;或接枝硫醇之化合物,其用例如硫代烷基羧酸與一或多個(甲基)丙烯酸C4
-C16
羥烷基酯、或較佳一或多個(甲基)丙烯酸C5
-C16
羥烷基酯之寡聚物之加合物製備。
根據本發明之聚合物複合材料,用於製備聚合單元(b)之第一化合物較佳為具有末端硫醇基之羥基脂肪酸醯胺、具有末端硫醇基之寡聚(羥基脂肪酸)醯胺,其中脂肪酸鏈在位於距脂肪酸鏈末端三個或更多個、或較佳5至6個碳處含有羥基,諸如12-羥基硬脂酸之硫醇乙基醯胺或寡聚(12-羥基硬脂酸)之硫醇乙基醯胺。
根據本發明之聚合物複合材料,用於製備聚合單元(c)之第二化合物包括自以下中選出之單體:(甲基)丙烯酸酯基連接至芳環或環脂族基團之單體,諸如三環癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯或二甲基丙烯酸異冰片酯,乙烯基直接連接至芳環或環脂族基團之單體,諸如二乙烯基苯,或其混合物。
根據本發明之聚合物複合材料,其中用於製備聚合單元(c)之第二化合物自以下中選出:三環癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸異冰片酯、二乙烯基苯或其混合物。
根據本發明之聚合物複合材料,所有量按聚合物複合材料中之總固體計,該聚合物複合材料包括:(a)0.001至5重量%、或較佳0.01至5重量%、或更佳0.1至5重量%之量子點,(b)0.5至40重量%、或較佳0.5至10重量%之第一化合物之聚合單元,及(c)55至95重量%、或55至94.999重量%、或55至94.99重量%、或55至94.9重量%、或較佳65至92重量%之第二化合物之聚合單元。
根據本發明之聚合物複合材料,該聚合物複合材料較佳包括膜。
根據本發明之膜聚合物複合材料,該聚合物複合材料包括一部分多層膜、層合物或在聚合物複合材料膜之每一側上亦包括外層之總成。較佳地,外層為隔氧層,例如聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate,PET),其亦抑制濕氣穿過。
除非另外規定,否則百分比為重量百分比(重量%)且溫度以℃為單位。
除非另外規定,否則操作及實例在室溫(20-25℃)下進行。
除非另外規定,否則沸點在大氣壓(大約101 kPa)下量測。
除非另外指示,否則含有圓括號之任何術語均可替代地指全部術語,如同圓括號不存在及術語沒有圓括號一般,以及各替代方案之組合。因此,術語「(甲基)丙烯酸酯」意謂丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或其混合物。
所有範圍均具有包含性及可組合性。舉例而言,術語「50至3000 cp或100 cp或更大的範圍」將包含50至100 cp、50至3000 cp及100至3000 cp中之每一者。
如本文所使用,術語「ASTM」係指賓夕法尼亞州西康舍霍肯ASTM國際性組織(ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA)之出版物。
如本文所使用,術語「帶隙」係指如由紫外光電子光譜法(ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy,UPS)所量測之給定量子點或其層中之最高佔用分子軌域(highest occupied molecular orbital,HOMO)與最低未佔用分子軌域(lowest unoccupied molecular orbital,LUMO)之間的能隙。
如本文中所使用,術語「分子量」以道爾頓為單位量測,且表示單體化合物之原子量之總和;對於寡聚物、聚合化合物及其混合物,「分子量」表示重均分子量(weight-average molecular weight,Mw),如由凝膠滲透色譜法針對丙烯酸單體之聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、乙烯基單體之聚苯乙烯之聚合物標準物所測定;或對於用於製備聚合單元(b)之第一化合物,「分子量」藉由核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)光譜法測定。
如本文中所使用,術語「寡聚物」意謂具有兩個或更多個重複單元、例如兩個至一百個重複單元之化合物。如本文中所使用,術語「寡聚物」可包含聚合物或與聚合物重疊。
如本文中所使用,術語「寡聚(羥基脂肪酸)」係指藉由由使羥基脂肪酸中之羥基與羧基反應而形成之酯連接之兩個或更多個羥基脂肪酸分子之寡聚酯。
如本文中所使用,術語「可靠的」或「可靠性」係指在例如60℃之高溫下老化或使用例如30天或60天之較長時間後仍保持其量子產率之聚合物複合材料之品質。
根據本發明,聚合物複合材料含有充分且穩定地分散於其中之量子點(QD)。聚合物複合材料包括由具有一或多個硫醇基之第一化合物及丙烯酸或乙烯基單體之第二化合物之單體形成的聚合物,該第二化合物具有兩個或更多個可聚合之烯系不飽和基團(ethylenically unsaturated group),諸如乙烯基或丙烯酸酯基。沒有第一化合物之聚合物複合材料可具有良好的O2
阻隔性質但與QD之相容性不良。聚合物與QD之間不良的相容性導致QD聚集,由此使得在與天然溶劑或非極性單體中之QD相比時或在與具有相同厚度且具有相同量之相同QD但無聚合之第一化合物之相同聚合物複合材料相比時,複合材料之量子產率(QY)或光致發光更低且峰值波長紅移。第一化合物與第二化合物單體且與QD之相容性極佳,由此使得能夠藉由使聚合物複合材料中之QD聚集降至最低而提高QY。另外,第一化合物具有一或多個與丙烯酸及乙烯基反應以在固化過程期間形成交聯聚合物樹脂之硫醇基。因為此為一種組分聚合物,所以聚合之第一化合物與聚合之第二化合物之間不存在相分離。因為QD均勻分散於固化之聚合物複合材料膜內部,所以膜隨時間具有較短紅移且較佳保持量子產率(QY)。另外,交聯聚合物複合材料比多組分聚合物複合材料具有更高膜密度、更佳可靠性及氧氣阻隔性質。
量子點為此項技術中所熟知,參見例如,Dubrow等人之美國專利公開案第US2012/0113672 A號。較佳地,本發明之聚合物複合材料中之量子點為不含鎘之量子點,或更佳為不含鎘之核-殼型量子點。
合適的量子點及核-殼型量子點可包含彼等任何以下中所揭示中之任一者:Mushtaq等人之美國專利第7,588,828 B2號;Guo等人之美國專利公開案第2015/0236195 A1號中所揭示之量子點,例如,含有富含銦之InP核的量子點,諸如由使InP與羧酸銦(亦即,羧酸銦(III))(諸如月桂酸銦)接觸形成之彼等量子點;Mingjun等人之美國專利公開案第US2015/0166342 A1號中所揭示之彼等量子點;第III-IV族半導體奈米結構,諸如Scher等人之美國專利案第7557028 B1號中、Scher等人之美國專利案第8062967 B1號中、Scher等人之美國專利案第US8884273 B1號中、或Scher等人之美國專利案第US9469538 B1號中;具有含第IIIA族及第VA族元素之核的奈米晶體,諸如Clough等人之美國專利案第9136428 B2號中;Breen等人之美國專利案第US9212056 B2號中所揭示之奈米粒子;或Bawendi等人之US6322901 B1中所揭示之奈米晶材料。
不含鎘之量子點材料之可接受效率(PLQY)高於40%、或較佳高於60%、或更佳75%或更高,諸如75%至95%。
較佳地,第一化合物(b)之分子量為300至20,000,較佳為至少400,較佳為至少500,較佳為至少600,較佳為至少700,較佳為至少800,較佳為至少1,000;較佳不超過15,000,較佳不超過10,000,較佳不超過8,000,較佳不超過6,000,較佳不超過5,000,較佳不超過3,000。
合適的第一化合物可包含例如,N-烷基胺硫醇與C12
-C26
脂族羥基羧酸或含有胺基酸(諸如半胱胺酸)之硫醇基之單體或寡聚物加合物,諸如與N-烷基胺硫醇(諸如N-乙胺硫醇)之寡聚(12-羥基硬脂酸)加合物;N-烷基胺硫醇或含有胺基酸之硫醇基與C12
-C26
脂族羧酸之加合物;硫代烷基羧酸(諸如巰基丙酸)與C12
-C26
脂族二醇(由此含有兩個硫醇基)、與C12
-C26
脂族三醇(由此含有三個硫醇基)或與C12
-C26
脂族三醇之二聚物(由此含有四個硫醇基)中之任一者之加合物。
當用於製備聚合單元(b)之第一化合物為其中各重複單元含有硫醇基之寡聚物,諸如硫代烷基羧酸與(甲基)丙烯酸C4
-C16
羥烷基酯寡聚物之加合物時,第一化合物中硫醇基之數目為寡聚物分佈中之單體之重複單元之平均數目。
當用於製備聚合單元(b)之第一化合物為藉由將含有硫醇基之化合物加合至分子上製備之單體時,硫醇基之數目藉由分子上加合位點之數目測定。舉例而言,硫代烷基羧酸與C12
-C26
脂族二醇之加合物具有兩個硫醇基;且硫代烷基羧酸與C12
-C26
脂族三醇之加合物具有三個硫醇基。
若用於製備聚合單元之第一化合物包括接枝至第一化合物上或以化學方式連接至第一化合物中(諸如藉由醯胺化、肽化或酯化)之硫醇基,則第一化合物中硫醇基之數目為如藉由核磁共振(NMR)光譜法測定之數量。
用於製備聚合單元(b)之第一化合物具有至少一個具有至少三個碳原子或較佳至少五個碳原子之連續非環烴基鏈,亦即,具有至少五個亞甲基、烯烴碳或其組合且無雜原子之直鏈或分支鏈(較佳直鏈)。較佳地,連續非環烴基鏈具有至少六個碳原子,較佳至少七個,較佳至少八個;較佳不超過十五個,較佳不超過十四個,較佳不超過十三個。更佳地,連續非環烴基鏈僅含有亞甲基。
較佳地,用於製備聚合單元(b)之第一化合物僅有碳原子、氫原子、氧原子、硫原子及氮原子。
更佳地,用於製備聚合單元(b)之第一化合物僅有碳原子、氫原子、氧原子及硫原子。
較佳地,用於製備聚合單元(b)之第一化合物為脂族化合物。
較佳地,用於製備聚合單元(c)之第二化合物之分子量為至少150,較佳至少200,較佳至少250;較佳不超過650,較佳不超過500,較佳不超過400,較佳不超過350。
較佳地,第一化合物之分子量減第二化合物之分子量為至少300,較佳至少500,較佳至少700,較佳至少900,較佳至少1,100;較佳不超過19,900,較佳不超過15,000,較佳不超過10,000,較佳不超過5,000。
當本發明之聚合物複合材料包括超過一種第一化合物及/或超過一種第二化合物時,前述分子量差之限制僅適用於第一化合物及第二化合物最普遍之組合,按複合材料之總固體重量計,該等組合之量總計為至少50重量%,較佳至少75重量%。
當在用於製備聚合單元(c)之第二化合物中時,可聚合的乙烯基連接至芳環(例如,苯環、萘環或吡啶環),芳環較佳具有三至二十個碳原子,或較佳五至十五個碳原子。較佳地,芳環不含雜原子且具有六至十五個碳原子,較佳六至十二個碳原子。
較佳地,用於製備聚合單元(c)之第二化合物具有二至六個可聚合的乙烯基,或更佳不超過四個。
較佳地,第二化合物中可聚合的乙烯基為(甲基)丙烯酸酯基(CH2
=C(R)C(O)O-,其中R為H或CH3
;亦稱為(甲基)丙烯醯氧基)。
較佳地,第二化合物僅有碳原子、氫原子、氧原子及氮原子;或更佳僅有碳原子、氫原子及氧原子。
較佳地,第二化合物具有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基,或第二化合物為二乙烯基苯(divinylbenzene,DVB)。
尤其較佳之第二化合物包含三環[5.2.1.02,6
]癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯、雙酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,10-雙(丙烯醯氧基)癸烷及較佳地,聚合物複合材料進一步包括第三化合物之聚合單元(d),該第三化合物具有一個(甲基)丙烯酸酯基且分子量為100至270;較佳至少140,較佳至少160;較佳不超過250,較佳不超過230。較佳地,第三化合物為脂族或環脂族單體,諸如丙烯酸異冰片酯(IBOA)。
尤其較佳之第三化合物包含丙烯酸異冰片酯、丙烯酸3,5,5-三甲基己酯、丙烯酸十二烷酯、丙烯酸癸酯、丙烯酸十三烷酯、丙烯酸異癸酯、丙烯酸L-薄荷酯、丙烯酸三環[5.2.1.02,6
]癸基甲酯、甲基丙烯酸3,3,5-三甲基環己酯及甲基丙烯酸3,3,5-三甲基環己酯。
較佳地,本發明之聚合物複合材料為一部分多層膜、層合物或在聚合物複合材料膜之每一側上亦包括外層之總成。較佳地,外層為隔氧層,其亦抑制濕氣穿過。較佳地,外層包括聚合物複合材料,較佳地包括聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚芳基醚酮、聚醯亞胺、聚烯烴、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚苯乙烯或其組合之聚合物複合材料。較佳地,外層進一步包括氧化物或氮化物,較佳為氧化矽、二氧化鈦、氧化鋁、氮化矽或其組合。較佳地,將氧化物或氮化物塗佈於聚合物複合材料之面朝QD層之表面上。較佳地,各外層包括厚度為25至150微米(較佳50至100微米)之聚合物複合材料及厚度為10至100 nm(較佳30至70 nm)之氧化物層/氮化物層。
根據本發明,多層膜、層合物或總成之外層較佳包括至少兩個聚合物複合材料層及/或至少兩個氧化物層/氮化物層。在本發明之任一多層膜中,不同層可具有不同的組成。較佳地,外層之氧氣透過率非常低(oxygen transmission rate,OTR,< 10-1
cc/m2
/天)且水蒸氣透過率非常低(water vapor transmission rate,WVTR,< 10-2
g/m2
/天)。
較佳地,外層中聚合物複合材料之Tg為60至200℃;或更佳為至少90℃,或最佳為至少100℃。
較佳地,根據本發明之聚合物複合材料之厚度範圍為20至500微米,較佳至少50微米,較佳至少70微米,較佳至少80微米,較佳至少90微米;較佳不超過400微米,較佳不超過300微米,較佳不超過250微米,較佳不超過200微米,較佳不超過160微米。較佳地,各外層之厚度為20至100微米,較佳為25至75微米。
較佳地,本發明之聚合物複合材料藉由樹脂之自由基聚合來製備,該樹脂藉由使第一化合物、第二化合物、任何其他單體、一或多個QD及任何任選添加劑混合來製備。較佳地,樹脂在固化之前藉由典型方法(例如旋轉塗佈、槽模塗佈、凹版印刷、噴墨及噴塗)塗佈於第一外層上。較佳地,固化藉由將樹脂曝露於紫外光或熱、較佳為紫外光、較佳為UVA範圍內之紫外光而引發。
較佳地,本發明之聚合物複合材料包括0.01至5重量%、較佳至少0.03重量%、較佳至少0.05重量%、較佳不超過4重量%、或較佳不超過3重量%、或更佳不超過2重量%之量子點。較佳地,量子點包括CdS、CdSe、CdTe、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、HgS、HgSe、HgTe、GaN、GaP、GaAs、InP、InAs或其組合。較佳地,量子點不含鎘。更佳地,量子點為核-殼型量子點,諸如核-殼型不含鎘之量子點,尤其為含有含銦之核的核-殼型量子點。
本發明之量子點較佳包括非極性配體。較佳地,量子點無機部分周圍之配體具有非極性組分,諸如脂族烴基。較佳之配體包含例如三辛基氧化膦、十二硫醇及脂肪酸鹽(例如,硬脂酸鹽、油酸鹽)。
可併入本發明之聚合物複合材料中之其他添加劑包含用於提高光提取之紫外(UV)穩定劑、抗氧化劑、散射劑及用於增加黏度之增稠劑(例如,丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯寡聚物)。
較佳之增稠劑包含丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯、纖維素醚、纖維素丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯聚合物、聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、丙烯酸類樹脂及聚烯烴彈性體。較佳地,聚苯乙烯、丙烯酸及聚烯烴增稠劑之Mw的範圍為50,000至400,000、較佳為100,000至200,000。較佳地,纖維素醚之Mw的範圍為1,000至100,000。
丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯寡聚物在其含有之丙烯酸酯基之間可具有聚酯、聚醚、聚丁二烯或聚己內酯骨架。其可具有雙官能、三官能、六官能反應性。此類寡聚物之黏度在50℃下可以在1000至200,000 cP之範圍內。對於非極性配體QD,較佳為聚丁二烯丙烯酸胺基甲酸酯寡聚物。
聚合物複合材料之較佳形式包含例如複合材料、珠粒、條帶、桿、方塊及板。聚合物複合材料適用於多種應用,包含例如顯示、照明及醫療應用。較佳之顯示應用包含公眾資訊顯示器、標牌、電視、監視器、移動電話、平板電腦、膝上型電腦、汽車及其他儀錶盤以及手錶。
實例:以下實例說明本發明。除非另外指示,否則所有溫度單位為室溫且所有壓力單位為標準氣壓或101 kPa。
使用以下測試方法:
所指示之聚合薄膜之O2
滲透性(cc/m/天/atm)使用Mocon OX-TRAN 2/21型裝置(Mocon, Inc., Minneapolis, MN)量測。在23℃下使用3% O2
及97% N2
之測試氣體在ASTM方法D3985(《使用庫侖感應器藉由塑膠膜及薄片之氧氣透過率之標準測試方法(Standard Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate through a Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Coulometric Sensor)》,1981年1月30日)中概述方法細節。量測值取自以下文所揭示之方式製備且具有10重量%負載量之所指示之第一化合物的膜。
薄膜厚度藉由用測微計量測固化膜且隨後減去任何阻隔膜厚度之厚度來測定。
光致發光量子產率(PLQY)使用450 nm激發LED光源及Hamamatsu AbsoluteTM
PL量子產率光譜儀(Hamamatsu Photonics KK, Shizuoka, Japan)用習知累計球來量測。對於每一報導實例,總共三(3)個量測值取自每一分析物基板中三(3)個隨機選擇之點,且所指示之PLQY表示所得量測值之平均值。
峰值發射波長(peak emission wavelength,PWL)使用Hamamatsu累計球測定;對於以下實例中之綠色QD,目標波長為520至540 nm;對於紅色QD,目標波長為620至640 nm。
實例中所用縮寫:
OHS為寡聚(12-羥基硬脂酸),Mw=1,500;OHS-SH為含有單個硫醇基之寡聚(12-羥基硬脂酸),Mw=1,500;C為半胱胺酸;IBOA為丙烯酸異冰片酯;SR833為三環[5.2.1.02,6
]癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯;I-819及I-651為IRGACURE光敏聚合引發劑(BASF AG, Leverkusen, DE);FinexTM
氧化鋅粒子(Sakai Chemical Industry co., LTD., Japan);且CFQD表示不含鎘之量子點。綠色CFQD包括具有含銦之核的核-殼型QD,且呈現73.9% QY(PLQY)、44.1 nm FWHM及534.4 nm PWL(在吸光率=0.3下)。所有量子點進一步包括非極性配體。
具有一個羧酸基及一個羥基之OHS藉由經由肽反應將硫醇基併入半胱胺酸來修飾。為製備OHS-SH,在N2
氛圍下於40 mL無水甲苯中將OHS(9.115 g,6.2 mmol)及N
-羥基丁二醯亞胺(NHS,1.8 g,15.5 mmol,2.5莫耳當量)混合在一起。使用等壓加料漏斗緩慢添加乙二胺四乙酸二鈉二水合物(EDTA二鈉鹽,3 g,15.5 mmol,2.5莫耳當量)於二甲基甲醯胺(dimethylformamide,DMF)(60 mL)中之溶液。將溶液維持在20℃下24小時以完成所有羧基之活化。將3.8 g半胱胺酸(31 mmol,5莫耳當量)溶解於無水DMF(120 ml)中且隨後與三甲胺(1.6 g,15.5 mmol,2.5莫耳當量)混合。在N2
下將所得混合物緩慢裝入NHS-活化之聚合物溶液中且再攪拌24小時。隨後移除DMF,且用甲苯萃取最終產物,且用飽和NaCl溶液洗滌。最終,在N2
吹掃下移除甲苯,且在真空烘箱中於室溫下乾燥產物過夜。
實例1:所有所指示之聚合物複合材料為藉由在兩個i組分PET阻隔膜之間層疊所指示之樹脂調配物製備之膜。將大約2 mL樹脂分配於底部膜上且用間隙為250至300(10密耳-12密耳)之間隙塗佈棒向下拉,以確保所需膜厚度。所有調配物在500 mJ/cm2
UV固化強度下使用DRS-10/12 QNH(Fusion UV Systems, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD)進行固化。
調配物示於下表1中。此類調配物藉由以下製得:將所指示之第二化合物單體與光引發劑摻合在一起,隨後使第一化合物或不含硫醇基之比較化合物與第二化合物單體混合,且將所得混合物加熱至50℃維持15分鐘。隨後將第二化合物單體IBOA(丙烯酸異冰片酯)與所指示之QD摻合成混合物。如先前段落中所揭示,使混合物形成或傾入膜中,且隨後在UV光下固化約3 s。量子產率結果展示於下表2中。
實例3及比較實例3A:在各實例中,針對使用下表1中之調配物且以上文中實例1中所揭示之方式製備之兩個膜中之每一者測定氧氣滲透性,但膜用10重量%負載量之第一化合物或所指示之比較化合物調配。所報導之結果為兩個膜之平均值。氧氣滲透性結果展示於下表3中。 表1:調配物
*-表示比較實例。 表2:量子產率結果
*-表示比較實例。
如上表2中所展示,實例2中本發明聚合物膜之量子產率優於對照組。峰值波長在實例2及1A中類似,表明本發明之複合物中合理之低紅移。此外,本發明實例2之膜的峰值吸收率優於比較實例1A之膜的峰值吸收率,表明與實例1B相比QD在實例2中分散地更佳。 表3:氧氣滲透性
*-表示比較實例。
如上表3中所展示,根據本發明製備之膜的氧氣滲透性顯著低於具有羥基脂肪酸第一化合物而無硫醇基之相同複合物之膜。結果表明QD複合物充分分散於固化聚合物複合材料中,且比比較實例3A之複合物更可靠。
Claims (7)
- 一種其中分散有量子點之聚合物複合材料,該聚合物複合材料包括:(a)0.001至5重量%之量子點;(b)0.5至40重量%之第一化合物之聚合單元,該第一化合物之分子量為300至20,000,且具有至少一個具有至少三個碳原子之連續非環烴基鏈,其中用於製備該等聚合單元(b)之該第一化合物包括以下中之任一者:N-烷基胺硫醇或含有胺基酸之硫醇基與C12-C26脂族羥基羧酸之寡聚物或聚合物加合物;N-烷基胺硫醇或含有胺基酸之硫醇基與C12-C26脂族羧酸之加合物;硫代烷基羧酸與C12-C26脂族二醇或三醇之加合物;或硫代烷基羧酸與一或多個(甲基)丙烯酸C4-C16羥烷基酯之寡聚物之加合物;及(c)55至94.999重量%之第二化合物之聚合單元,該第二化合物之分子量為100至750,其中用於製備該等聚合單元(c)之該第二化合物包括自以下中選出之單體:(甲基)丙烯酸酯基連接至芳環或環脂族基團之單體、乙烯基直接連接至芳環或環脂族基團之單體、或其混合物,且其中該第一化合物之該分子量減該第二化合物之該分子量為至少100。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚合物複合材料,其中該等(a)量子點為不含鎘之量子點。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚合物複合材料,其中用於製備該等聚合單元(b)之該第一化合物包括至少一個具有至少五個碳原子之連續非環烴基鏈。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚合物複合材料,其中用於製備該等聚合單元(b)之該第一化合物進一步包括至少一個羥基。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之聚合物複合材料,其中用於製備該等 聚合單元(b)之該第一化合物為具有末端硫醇基之寡聚(羥基脂肪酸)醯胺,其中該脂肪酸鏈在位於距該脂肪酸鏈之末端三個或更多個碳處含有羥基。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之聚合物複合材料,其中用於製備該等聚合單元(b)之該第一化合物為12-羥基硬脂酸之硫醇乙基醯胺或寡聚(12-羥基硬脂酸)之硫醇乙基醯胺。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚合物複合材料,其中用於製備該等聚合單元(c)之該第二化合物自以下中選出:三環癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸異冰片酯、二乙烯基苯或其混合物。
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- 2018-01-31 TW TW107103353A patent/TWI782946B/zh active
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| TW201700513A (zh) * | 2015-03-16 | 2017-01-01 | 陶氏全球科技責任有限公司 | 用於封裝量子點之多層聚合物複合材料 |
| TW201643221A (zh) * | 2015-06-02 | 2016-12-16 | 三星Sdi股份有限公司 | 量子點、含有量子點的組成物及量子點的製備方法 |
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| US20180265774A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
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| JP2018131608A (ja) | 2018-08-23 |
| KR102461533B1 (ko) | 2022-10-31 |
| KR20180094787A (ko) | 2018-08-24 |
| US10508232B2 (en) | 2019-12-17 |
| JP7274260B2 (ja) | 2023-05-16 |
| GB2562339B (en) | 2022-07-06 |
| GB2562339A8 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
| CN108440756B (zh) | 2023-04-28 |
| DE102018102712A1 (de) | 2018-08-16 |
| GB201802441D0 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
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