TWI756471B - 食用肉加工用液及食用肉加工食品之製造方法 - Google Patents
食用肉加工用液及食用肉加工食品之製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI756471B TWI756471B TW107132985A TW107132985A TWI756471B TW I756471 B TWI756471 B TW I756471B TW 107132985 A TW107132985 A TW 107132985A TW 107132985 A TW107132985 A TW 107132985A TW I756471 B TWI756471 B TW I756471B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- processing liquid
- edible meat
- meat processing
- meat
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 235000021067 refined food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229920002245 Dextrose equivalent Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 185
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 65
- 235000020991 processed meat Nutrition 0.000 description 34
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 31
- 240000005856 Lyophyllum decastes Species 0.000 description 16
- 235000013194 Lyophyllum decastes Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 description 4
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000269350 Anura Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001609213 Carassius carassius Species 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000938605 Crocodylia Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000270722 Crocodylidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010034203 Pectus Carinatum Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000286209 Phasianidae Species 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000203593 Piper nigrum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000004922 Vigna radiata Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010721 Vigna radiata var radiata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011469 Vigna radiata var sublobata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXEDJBXQKAGXNJ-QTNFYWBSSA-L disodium L-glutamate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC([O-])=O PXEDJBXQKAGXNJ-QTNFYWBSSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013923 monosodium glutamate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940073490 sodium glutamate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000143060 Americamysis bahia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100021411 C-terminal-binding protein 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001454694 Clupeiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004278 EU approved seasoning Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000894375 Homo sapiens C-terminal-binding protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000269821 Scombridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019513 anchovy Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013614 black pepper Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015228 chicken nuggets Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005138 cryopreservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021438 curry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDUPRNVPXOHWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfite Chemical compound COS(=O)OC BDUPRNVPXOHWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHZDYHDJAVUIBH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogenarsenate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O[As]([O-])([O-])=O IHZDYHDJAVUIBH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000020640 mackerel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001931 piper nigrum l. white Substances 0.000 description 1
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013555 soy sauce Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020990 white meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/70—Tenderised or flavoured meat pieces; Macerating or marinating solutions specially adapted therefor
- A23L13/77—Tenderised or flavoured meat pieces; Macerating or marinating solutions specially adapted therefor by mechanical treatment, e.g. kneading, rubbing or tumbling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017187565 | 2017-09-28 | ||
| JP2017-187565 | 2017-09-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW201927164A TW201927164A (zh) | 2019-07-16 |
| TWI756471B true TWI756471B (zh) | 2022-03-01 |
Family
ID=65903784
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW107132985A TWI756471B (zh) | 2017-09-28 | 2018-09-19 | 食用肉加工用液及食用肉加工食品之製造方法 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP7159179B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN111148437A (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI756471B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2019064845A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022004366A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-30 | 2022-01-06 | 株式会社J-オイルミルズ | ノンフライ食品用バッター粉組成物およびバッター組成物 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1099051A (ja) * | 1996-10-01 | 1998-04-21 | Matsutani Chem Ind Ltd | 加工生肉 |
| JP2000157218A (ja) * | 1998-11-27 | 2000-06-13 | Honen Corp | 食肉加工用水中油滴型乳化液、該乳化液を注入した食肉加工製品及びその製造方法 |
| US20040043130A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-04 | Thomas David J. | Binder system for thermally processed meat products and meat product produced thereby |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2959708B2 (ja) * | 1996-02-08 | 1999-10-06 | 日清製油株式会社 | フライ食品用衣材、衣液およびこれを用いてなるフライ食品類 |
| MXPA05010271A (es) * | 2003-03-28 | 2005-11-17 | Uno Shoyu Co Ltd | Modificador para carne, proceso para producir un producto de carne y un producto de carne. |
| CN110087487A (zh) * | 2016-12-27 | 2019-08-02 | J-制油株式会社 | 肉食加工用液体及肉食加工食品的制造方法 |
-
2018
- 2018-07-20 WO PCT/JP2018/027257 patent/WO2019064845A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2018-07-20 CN CN201880062561.0A patent/CN111148437A/zh active Pending
- 2018-07-20 JP JP2019544327A patent/JP7159179B2/ja active Active
- 2018-09-19 TW TW107132985A patent/TWI756471B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1099051A (ja) * | 1996-10-01 | 1998-04-21 | Matsutani Chem Ind Ltd | 加工生肉 |
| JP2000157218A (ja) * | 1998-11-27 | 2000-06-13 | Honen Corp | 食肉加工用水中油滴型乳化液、該乳化液を注入した食肉加工製品及びその製造方法 |
| US20040043130A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-03-04 | Thomas David J. | Binder system for thermally processed meat products and meat product produced thereby |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111148437A (zh) | 2020-05-12 |
| WO2019064845A1 (ja) | 2019-04-04 |
| JPWO2019064845A1 (ja) | 2020-10-22 |
| TW201927164A (zh) | 2019-07-16 |
| JP7159179B2 (ja) | 2022-10-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103702574B (zh) | 畜肉制品用改良剂和畜肉制品 | |
| JP7065787B2 (ja) | 食肉加工用液および食肉加工食品の製造方法 | |
| US20110091632A1 (en) | Meat Additive, Pickling Liquid and Processed Meat Product | |
| CN104256685A (zh) | 用于改良肉制品品质的无磷组合物 | |
| TW202021478A (zh) | 肉品加工液 | |
| WO2018174229A1 (ja) | 食肉加工用ミックス | |
| JP7219715B2 (ja) | 油脂加工澱粉、これを用いた揚げ物用衣材、食品およびその製造方法 | |
| Gaurav et al. | Carboxy methyl cellulose, xanthan gum, and carrageenan coatings reduced fat uptake, protein oxidation, and improved functionality in deep-fried fish strips: An application of the multiobjective optimization (MOO) approach | |
| Nisar et al. | Efficacy of tapioca starch as a fat replacer in low-fat buffalo meat patties. | |
| TWI756471B (zh) | 食用肉加工用液及食用肉加工食品之製造方法 | |
| WO2020066844A1 (ja) | 食肉用組成物、食肉加工食品の製造方法、および、食肉加工食品の歯ごたえを向上させる方法 | |
| JP7669358B2 (ja) | 食肉加工品用改良剤、食肉加工品、食肉加工液、及び食肉加工品の製造方法 | |
| JP7343965B2 (ja) | 食材の加熱調理のための下処理用組成物、及び加熱調理食品の製造方法 | |
| JP4672612B2 (ja) | 畜水産加工品の食感改良方法 | |
| JP7657053B2 (ja) | 食肉類改良剤 | |
| JP7725760B1 (ja) | 冷凍米飯含有食品 | |
| Singh et al. | Effect of different cooking methods on the physico-chemical and sensory attributes of chicken meat caruncles | |
| JP2025027900A (ja) | 食肉加工食品の食感改良用組成物および食肉加工食品の製造方法 | |
| Okon et al. | Effect of polysaccharide-coatings on the physicochemical properties and nutritional composition of deep-fried chicken breasts | |
| CN105767924A (zh) | 无磷肉制品品质改良组合物 | |
| CN105851907A (zh) | 肉制品改良组合物及由该组合物加工的肉制品 | |
| JP2025029355A (ja) | おから乾燥粉末を使用した肉質改良剤組成物 | |
| WO2023032968A1 (ja) | 肉質改良剤 | |
| HK40050231A (en) | Meat improving agent | |
| JP2020182404A (ja) | 食肉具材の揚げ物用バッター液及び該バッター液を使用した食肉具材の揚げ物の製造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |