TWI632368B - 氫氣感測元件 - Google Patents
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- TWI632368B TWI632368B TW106115749A TW106115749A TWI632368B TW I632368 B TWI632368 B TW I632368B TW 106115749 A TW106115749 A TW 106115749A TW 106115749 A TW106115749 A TW 106115749A TW I632368 B TWI632368 B TW I632368B
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 title 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical group [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005374 Kerr effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- NXJCBFBQEVOTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);dihydroxide Chemical compound O[Pd]O NXJCBFBQEVOTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/005—H2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0059—Avoiding interference of a gas with the gas to be measured
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Abstract
一種氫氣感測元件,包含由磁性材料層與非磁性材料層交替堆疊而成的多層膜結構,且位於該多層膜結構表層的為磁性材料層,其中至少位於表層的磁性材料層含有鈀金屬,用以感測氫氣。
Description
本發明是有關於一種氫氣感測元件,特別是指一種可利用磁場放大感測訊號的氫氣感測元件。
由於氫氣極易燃燒,當環境中的氫氣濃度到達一定程度即有爆炸的危險,所以在使用氫氣的場所或裝置需要安裝氫氣感測器以偵測氫氣是否洩漏,避免發生危險。
現有的氫氣感測器常見的類型包括有以光纖為基礎、以電化學為基礎及以蕭基二極體(Schottky diode)為基礎等,不同類型的感測器各有其優缺點,此技術領域仍有發展的空間。
因此,本發明之其中一目的,即在提供一種以磁性材料為基礎的氫氣感測元件,且該氫氣感測元件在低氫氣濃度時,可以利用外加磁場提升感測訊號。
於是,本發明氫氣感測元件在一些實施態樣中,是包含由磁性材料層與非磁性材料層交替堆疊而成的多層膜結構,且位於該多層膜結構表層的為磁性材料層,其中至少位於表層的磁性材料層含有鈀金屬,用以感測氫氣。
在一些實施態樣中,每一磁性材料層含有鈀金屬。
在一些實施態樣中,每一磁性材料層為鈷與鈀的合金。
在一些實施態樣中,每一磁性材料層含有鈀金屬50至95%,其餘含量為鈷金屬。
在一些實施態樣中,每一非磁性材料層為銅金屬。
在一些實施態樣中,該多層膜結構每一層的厚度介於0.5至5nm。
在一些實施態樣中,該多層膜結構的層數介於3至50層。
在一些實施態樣中,還包含一供該多層膜結構疊積其上的基底。
在一些實施態樣中,該基底包括一載板及一形成於該載板上的種層,且該多層膜結構形成於該種層上。
在一些實施態樣中,該種層為鐵金屬。
本發明由磁性材料層與非磁性材料層交替堆疊而成的多層膜結構,至少在表層的磁性材料層含有鈀金屬,能夠吸附氫氣而使阻值改變,且多層膜結構可藉由外加磁場提高感測的靈敏度,適用於作為製作氫氣感測器的核心元件。
參閱圖1,本發明氫氣感測元件之一實施例,包含一基底1及一多層膜結構2。
基底1包括一載板11及一形成於該載板11上的種層12。多層膜結構2形成於種層12上,由磁性材料層21與非磁性材料層22交替堆疊而成,且位於該多層膜結構2表層的為磁性材料層21,其中至少位於表層的磁性材料層21含有鈀金屬,用以感測氫氣。
在本實施例中,氫氣感測元件是以磁控濺鍍在基礎壓力為10
−7Torr的真空腔內製成。基底1用以供該多層膜結構2疊積其上,種層12沉積於載板11上,用以促進沉積在其上的磁性材料層21形成均質的膜層,進而使後續沉積的膜層能穩定堆疊並使膜層之間的界面能良好地連接。在本實施例中,每一磁性材料層21為鈷(Co)與鈀(Pd)的合金,由鈷和鈀兩個靶材共濺鍍沉積而成,較佳地,每一磁性材料層21含有鈀金屬50至95%,其餘含量為鈷金屬。具體地,在本實施例中載板11採用(100)單晶矽基板,種層12為鐵金屬,每一磁性材料層21的鈀金屬佔60%且鈷金屬佔40%,每一非磁性材料層22為銅(Cu)金屬。在變化的實施例,載板亦可採用矽基板以外的基板,例如玻璃基板,適於沉積薄膜即可,不以本實施例為限。而且,基底1並不影響偵測氫氣的功能,因此,氫氣感測元件只要有多層膜結構2即可感測氫氣,基底1可視製程需求而存在。再者,除了表層的磁性材料層21需含有鈀金屬以吸附氫氣之外,其他磁性材料層21可以不含有鈀金屬亦可實施,且磁性材料層21可使用已知的具有磁性的過渡金屬製作,而非磁性材料層22亦可使用例如銀(Ag)、金( Au)、鉻(Cr) 、鋁(Al)、鉭(Ta)等非磁性材料製作,不以本實施例為限。由於多層膜結構2由薄膜堆疊而成並可形成在矽基板上,能夠與矽元件的製程相容,而允許氫氣感測元件與晶載(on-chip)信號處理的整合。
此外,在本實施例中,種層12的厚度為7nm,多層膜結構2總共11層,每一層的厚度為2nm。在變化實施例,基於巨磁阻現象具有積層數效應,在一定範圍內磁阻效應(Magnetoresistance Effect, MR)將隨堆疊層數而增加,多層膜結構2的層數較佳可介於3至50層, 而且根據RKKY (Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosidan)曲線,多層膜結構2的每一層的厚度較佳可介於1至5nm,在此範圍內巨磁阻現象將有機會出現。
以下說明本實施例的試片在一自製的量測設備中所做的測試結果。該量測設備是基於磁光克爾效應(magneto-optical Kerr effect,MOKE)的系統,包括一用以放置試片並可控制通入之氫氣的壓力的腔體、設於腔體的四點探針量測系統以量測試片的阻值,及可變化磁場範圍±3000 Oe的電磁鐵以對腔體內的試片外加磁場。因此該量測設備可量測試片在不同氫氣壓力及不同磁場條件下的阻值。
如圖2所示為使試片在不同氫氣壓力環境中量測試片沿水平方向所獲得的磁滯曲線,其中Vac 1
st曲線及 Vac 2
nd曲線分別表示腔體中未通入氫氣時的初始真空狀態以及之後腔體內移除氫氣的真空狀態,而8kPa、35kPa、75kPa分別表示腔體中通入氫氣時的腔體內壓力。圖2中顯示,試片暴露在氫氣中導致沿水平方向的飽和磁化量(saturation magnetization)降低,但是此圖顯示最重要的特性是氫氣誘發的飽和磁化量變化的可逆性。
如圖3所示是試片在不同磁場條件下(由下而上的曲線分別是在外加磁場為0、50、1000Oe的條件下),及在不同氫氣壓力下所測得的阻值變化(ΔR)與響應時間的關係圖,每一曲線為通氫氣-不通氫氣的循環測試,曲線中波峰處的波段為腔體中通入氫氣的狀態,波峰處標示的壓力值為腔體內的壓力,壓力值越大表示氫氣濃度越大,波谷處的波段為腔體中沒有氫氣的真空狀態,主圖中所示氫氣壓力範圍是由21至75kPa,插圖所示氫氣壓力範圍是由0.7至5.3kPa,其中阻值變化(ΔR)是由試片在氫氣環境中所測得的阻值減去在沒有氫氣的環境下所測得的阻值所獲得。圖3顯示,當試片暴露在氫氣環境下ΔR顯著增加,但是ΔR隨著氫氣壓力減少而減少,此可歸因於氫化鈀的阻值大於金屬鈀。由圖3中各曲線顯示,本實施例的多層膜結構對於氫氣阻值響應快速且可重複,確實適用於作為製作氫氣感測器的核心元件。
為了量化試片對於氫氣感測的靈敏度,定義信號雜訊比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)為ΔR
avg/σ
m,其中ΔR
avg是ΔR測量的平均值,σ
m是ΔR
avg的標準差。如圖4所示為試片在不同氫氣壓力下與信號雜訊比的關係圖,三條曲線分別表示在外加磁場為0、50、1000 Oe的條件下。圖4顯示外加磁場可以提高信號雜訊比,而且在氫氣壓力較低的條件下,外加磁場能更顯著地提高信號雜訊比,也就是在偵測較低濃度的氫氣時,藉由外加磁場可以大幅提升靈敏度。
綜上所述,本實施例確實適用於感測氫氣,且可藉由外加磁場提高感測的靈敏度。
惟以上所述者,僅為本發明之實施例而已,當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍,凡是依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾,皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。
1‧‧‧基底
11‧‧‧載板
12‧‧‧種層
2‧‧‧多層膜結構
21‧‧‧磁性材料層
22‧‧‧非磁性材料層
11‧‧‧載板
12‧‧‧種層
2‧‧‧多層膜結構
21‧‧‧磁性材料層
22‧‧‧非磁性材料層
本發明之其他的特徵及功效,將於參照圖式的實施方式中清楚地呈現,其中: 圖1是本發明氫氣感測元件的一實施例的一不完整的示意圖; 圖2是測量該實施例的試片沿水平方向在不同氫氣壓力的磁滯曲線圖; 圖3是測量該實施例的試片在不同磁場條件下及氫氣有無之循環測試所得的阻值變化與時間的關係圖;及 圖4是測量該實施例的試片在不同磁場及不同氫氣壓力條件下所得的信號雜訊比與氫氣壓力的關係圖。
Claims (10)
- 一種氫氣感測元件,包含由磁性材料層與非磁性材料層交替堆疊而成的多層膜結構,且位於該多層膜結構表層的為磁性材料層,其中至少位於表層的磁性材料層含有鈀金屬,用以感測氫氣。
- 如請求項1所述氫氣感測元件,其中,每一磁性材料層含有鈀金屬。
- 如請求項2所述氫氣感測元件,其中,每一磁性材料層為鈷與鈀的合金。
- 如請求項3所述氫氣感測元件,其中,每一磁性材料層含有鈀金屬50至95%,其餘含量為鈷金屬。
- 如請求項4所述氫氣感測元件,其中,每一非磁性材料層為銅金屬。
- 如請求項1 所述氫氣感測元件,其中,該多層膜結構每一層的厚度介於0.5至5nm。
- 如請求項6所述氫氣感測元件,其中,該多層膜結構的層數介3至50層。
- 如請求項1至7任一項所述氫氣感測元件,還包含一供該多層結構疊積其上的基底。
- 如請求項8所述氫氣感測元件,其中,該基底包括一載板及一形成於該載板上的種層,且該多層膜結構形成於該種層上。
- 如請求項9所述氫氣感測元件,其中,該種層為鐵金屬。
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| US15/977,629 US10753917B2 (en) | 2017-05-12 | 2018-05-11 | Hydrogen sensing device |
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| CN110412118A (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-05 | 江苏多维科技有限公司 | 一种基于电隔离隧道磁阻敏感元件的氢气传感器 |
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| DE102018107516B4 (de) * | 2018-03-28 | 2024-07-11 | Trafag Ag | Sensorschichtsystemvorläufer, daraus herstellbares Sensorschichtsystem sowie dieses verwendendes Wasserstoffsensorelement und entsprechende Herstellverfahren |
| CN109283228B (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2024-07-23 | 江苏多维科技有限公司 | 一种基于磁阻元件的氢气传感器及其检测氢气的方法 |
| JP7644464B2 (ja) * | 2020-07-15 | 2025-03-12 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 磁気メモリ素子、磁気メモリ装置、および磁気メモリ素子へデータを記憶する方法 |
| JP7486727B2 (ja) * | 2020-08-04 | 2024-05-20 | 秋田県 | 光検知式化学センサ |
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| US20180328902A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
| TW201901147A (zh) | 2019-01-01 |
| US10753917B2 (en) | 2020-08-25 |
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