TWI569704B - 增進介電基板與金屬層間黏著度的方法 - Google Patents
增進介電基板與金屬層間黏著度的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI569704B TWI569704B TW102111595A TW102111595A TWI569704B TW I569704 B TWI569704 B TW I569704B TW 102111595 A TW102111595 A TW 102111595A TW 102111595 A TW102111595 A TW 102111595A TW I569704 B TWI569704 B TW I569704B
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- metal
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- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001432 tin ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/22—Roughening, e.g. by etching
- C23C18/24—Roughening, e.g. by etching using acid aqueous solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
- C23C18/1639—Substrates other than metallic, e.g. inorganic or organic or non-conductive
- C23C18/1641—Organic substrates, e.g. resin, plastic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
- C23C18/165—Multilayered product
- C23C18/1653—Two or more layers with at least one layer obtained by electroless plating and one layer obtained by electroplating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1675—Process conditions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/2006—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/22—Roughening, e.g. by etching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
- C23C18/285—Sensitising or activating with tin based compound or composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
- C23C18/30—Activating or accelerating or sensitising with palladium or other noble metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
- C23C18/36—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents using hypophosphites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
- C23C18/40—Coating with copper using reducing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
本發明係關於塗覆矽烷組合物將介電基板表面金屬化之新穎方法。該方法產生展現基板與電鍍金屬之間的高黏著度之金屬電鍍表面同時保留平滑基板表面完整。
已知多種金屬化介電基板表面之方法。在濕式化學方法中,在適當預先處理之後,欲金屬化之表面首先催化,且接著以無電極方式金屬化,且此後在必要時電解金屬化或直接電解金屬化。
在EP 0 616 053 A1中,揭示一種直接金屬化介電基板表面之方法,其中表面首先經清潔劑/調節劑溶液處理,此後經活化劑溶液(例如鈀膠狀溶液)處理,經錫化合物穩定化,且接著經含有與錫相比較貴之金屬之化合物以及鹼金屬氫氧化物及錯合物形成劑的溶液處理。此後,可在含有還原劑之溶液中處理表面,且最後可電解金屬化。
WO 96/29452係關於一種將出於塗佈方法對經塑膠塗佈之固持元件安全之目的而由非導電(即介電材料)製成之基板的表面選擇性或部分電解金屬化的方法。所提出之方法包括以下步驟:a)用含有氧化鉻(VI)之蝕刻溶液預先處理表面;隨後立即b)用鈀/錫化合物之膠狀酸性溶液處理表面,小心地防止事先與增進吸附之溶液接觸;c)用含有能夠由錫(II)化合物、鹼金屬或鹼土金屬氫氧化物及錯合物形成劑還原
的可溶性金屬化合物之溶液處理表面,金屬之量至少足以防止金屬氫氧化物沈澱;d)用電解金屬化溶液處理表面。該方法尤其適合於ABS(丙烯基丁二烯苯乙烯)及ABS/PC(聚碳酸酯)基塑膠基板。
或者,可在介電基板表面上形成導電聚合物來為表面之後續金屬電鍍提供第一導電層。
US 2004/0112755 A1描述非導電基板表面之直接電解金屬化,其包含使基板表面與水溶性聚合物(例如噻吩)接觸;用過錳酸鹽溶液處理基板表面;用含有至少一種噻吩化合物及至少一種選自包含甲烷磺酸、乙烷磺酸及乙烷二磺酸之群的烷烴磺酸之酸性水溶液或水性鹼之酸性微乳液處理基板表面;電解金屬化基板表面。
US 5,693,209係關於一種直接金屬化具有非導體表面之電路板的方法,包括使非導體表面與鹼性過錳酸鹽溶液反應以形成以化學方式吸附於非導體表面之二氧化錳;形成弱酸及吡咯或吡咯衍生物及其可溶性寡聚物之水溶液;使含有吡咯單體及其寡聚物之水溶液與上面以化學方式吸附有二氧化錳之非導體表面接觸以在非導體表面上沈積黏著性、導電、不溶性聚合物產物;且在上面形成不溶性黏著性聚合物產物之非導體表面上直接電沈積金屬。在室溫與溶液凝固點之間的溫度下,在含有0.1至200g/l之吡咯單體的水溶液中有利地形成寡聚物。
US 4,976,990係關於介電基板表面之金屬化,尤其雙面或多層印刷電路板中介電通孔表面之無電極金屬化。該方法包括使表面粗糙化且隨後塗覆矽烷組合物於該經處理之表面。若該方法以此順序之處理步驟進行,則發生表面之實質性粗糙化。此專利中所揭示之方法包括用於自金屬箔移除氧化物薄膜之微蝕刻溶液(61至65行)。然而,該方法不適合獲得本發明方法之基板材料與隨後電鍍之金屬層之間的良好黏著度。
類似方法揭示於WO 88/02412中。
EP 0 322 233 A2係關於一種在基板上產生銀金屬膜之超細圖案的方法,其採用塗覆可聚合之含有矽烷、二硼烷之溶液,在含有氫氧化鈉及過氧化氫之溶液中蝕刻且最後塗覆銀金屬層。該方法不適合為本發明方法之基板產生黏著性金屬薄膜。
所描述之所有方法均需要在金屬化之前將非導電介電基板之表面實質性粗糙化,以確保基板與電鍍金屬層之間的充足黏著度。通常認為粗糙化為必不可少的,因為其用於製備介電基板之表面。此係因為已認為粗糙化為實現基板與金屬層之間的良好黏著度所必需之故。
然而,粗糙表面賦予金屬電鍍表面功能性,例如關於其在電子應用中作為導線之用途。
HDI印刷電路板、IC基板及其類似物之特徵的持續小型化需要與諸如藉由印刷及蝕刻方法形成電路之習知方法相比更先進之製造方法。該等特徵僅需要基板之表面在有限程度上粗糙化。
因此,本發明之一目標為提供一種金屬化介電基板表面而不實質上粗糙化該表面同時仍獲得基板與金屬層之間的高黏著度的方法。
此目標係藉由處理介電基板之表面以製備該表面用於後續濕式化學金屬電鍍之方法來達成,該方法包含以如下順序進行之以下步驟:(i)用包含至少一種有機矽烷化合物之溶液處理該表面;(ii)用選自過錳酸鹽之酸性或鹼性水溶液之包含氧化劑的溶液處理該表面;且隨後(iii)在步驟(ii)之後用濕式化學電鍍方法金屬化基板。
1‧‧‧介電構造層
2‧‧‧銅區域/接觸區域
3‧‧‧第二介電層
4‧‧‧開口
5a‧‧‧頂部表面
5b‧‧‧側壁
6‧‧‧導電層/導電晶種層
7‧‧‧圖案化抗蝕劑層
8‧‧‧銅層/電鍍銅
圖1展示此項技術中已知為半加成方法(SAP)之製造細線電路之
方法。
圖2展示根據實例P12,GX92基板材料在過錳酸鹽處理後之表面。
圖3展示根據目前先進技術中已知之條件,GX92基板材料在用鹼性過錳酸鹽溶液進行過錳酸鹽處理後的表面。
根據本發明,首先在步驟(i)中用含有有機矽烷化合物之組合物處理基板。
所塗覆之有機矽烷化合物呈溶液形式,較佳為具有高沸點之有機溶劑之溶液,沸點較佳在60至250℃範圍內且更佳在80至200℃範圍內。本發明含義內之有機溶劑為適合溶解矽烷化合物之極性有機溶劑。
適合有機溶劑包含醇、醚、胺及乙酸酯。實例為乙醇、2-丙醇、四氫呋喃、乙二醇、二乙二醇、2-異丙氧基乙醇(IPPE)、二(丙二醇)甲醚乙酸酯(DPGMEA)、2-乙基-1-己醇、甘油、戴奧辛(dioxin)、丁內酯、N-甲基吡咯啶酮(NMP)、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、乙醇胺、丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯(PMA)、乙二醇之半醚及半酯。
有機矽烷之濃度可視塗覆方法及特定有機矽烷化合物而在廣泛範圍內變化。可藉由常規實驗獲得適合濃度。適合濃度通常在低至0.2wt.%至30wt.%之間、較佳在0.5wt.%至20wt.%之間、甚至更佳在1wt.%與8wt.%之間變化。
根據方法步驟(i)使介電基板與含有有機矽烷之溶液接觸係藉由浸漬或浸沒基板於該溶液中或藉由噴塗溶液至基板上來進行。根據方法步驟(i),使基板與含有有機矽烷之溶液接觸係至少進行一次。或者,該接觸可進行若干次,較佳2至10次,更佳2至5次,甚至更佳1至3次。最佳接觸為一次至兩次。
根據方法步驟(i),使基板與含有有機矽烷之溶液接觸係進行10秒至20分鐘、較佳10秒至10分鐘、最佳10秒至5分鐘範圍內之時間。
根據方法步驟i,使基板與含有有機矽烷之溶液接觸係在15至100℃、較佳20至50℃、最佳23至35℃範圍內之溫度下進行。
有機矽烷化合物較佳係選自由下式表示之群:A(4-x)SiBx
其中各A獨立地為可水解基團,x為1至3,且各B係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-C20烷基、芳基、胺基芳基及由下式表示之官能基:CnH2nX,其中n為0至15,較佳為0至10,甚至更佳為1至8,最佳為1、2、3、4,且X係選自由以下組成之群:胺基、醯胺基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵基、巰基、羧基、羧基酯、甲醯胺、硫甲醯胺、醯基、乙烯基、烯丙基、苯乙烯基、環氧基、環氧環己基、縮水甘油氧基、異氰酸酯基、硫氰基、硫異氰基、脲基、硫脲基、胍基、硫胍基、丙烯醯氧基、甲基丙烯醯氧基;或X為羧基酯之殘基;或X為Si(OR)3,且其中R為C1-C5烷基。
可水解基團A較佳選自由-OH、-OR1組成之群,且其中R1為C1-C5烷基、-(CH2)yOR2,且其中y為1、2或3且R2為H或C1-C5烷基、-OCOR3,且其中R3為H或C1-C5烷基。
若B為烷基,則其較佳為C1-C10烷基,甚至更佳為C1-C5烷基,如甲基、乙基、丙基或異丙基。芳基較佳為經取代或未經取代之苯基及
苯甲基。較佳胺基芳基為-NH(C6H5)。
本發明含義內之官能基X可進一步官能化。舉例而言,X=胺基包含經烷基胺或芳基胺取代之胺,如3-(N-苯乙烯基甲基-2-胺基乙胺基)。
關於官能基X為Si(OR)3,R較佳為甲基、乙基、丙基或異丙基。
上式內化合物之特定類別之實例為乙烯基矽烷、胺基烷基矽烷、脲基烷基矽烷酯、環氧基烷基矽烷及甲基丙烯烷基矽烷酯,其中反應性有機官能基分別為乙烯基、胺基、脲基、環氧基及甲基丙烯醯氧基。乙烯基矽烷之實例為乙烯基三氯矽烷、乙烯基三乙氧基矽烷、乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基-參-(β(2)-甲氧基乙氧基)矽烷及乙烯基三乙醯氧基矽烷。作為用於本發明中之較佳有機矽烷的胺基烷基矽烷之實例為γ(3)-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、γ-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、N-β-(胺基乙基)-γ-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷及N'-(β-胺基乙基)-N-(β-胺基乙基)-γ-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷。適合之脲基烷基矽烷酯為γ脲基烷基三乙氧基矽烷,而適合之乙氧基烷基矽烷為β-(3,4-環氧環己基)-乙基三甲氧基矽烷及γ縮水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷。適用甲基丙烯醯氧基矽烷酯為γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷及γ-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基-參-(β-甲氧基乙氧基)矽烷。
至少一種有機矽烷化合物可為單體有機矽烷化合物或藉由在沈積於介電基板之表面上之前根據本發明之單體有機矽烷化合物(部分)水解及縮合而獲得之寡聚有機矽烷化合物。
有機矽烷化合物之水解及縮合在此項技術中為熟知的。舉例而言,單體有機矽烷化合物與酸性催化劑(例如乙酸或稀鹽酸)反應,產生衍生自單體有機矽烷化合物之寡聚有機矽烷化合物的澄清溶液。
該等藉由水解衍生自根據本發明之單體有機矽烷化合物的寡聚矽烷應包括於本發明範疇內。
視情況,可在方法步驟(i)後加熱處理基板。該處理通常在60-200℃之間、更佳80-150℃之間的溫度下進行。處理時間可例如在1與30分鐘之間、較佳在1與10分鐘之間變化。
此後,用步驟(ii)中選自過錳酸鹽之酸性或鹼性水溶液之包含氧化劑之溶液處理基板。
意外發現,除過錳酸鹽以外之其他氧化劑(例如過氧化氫與硫酸或鉻酸之混合物)不適合於本發明之方法,因為其不產生基板與隨後電鍍之金屬層之間的充足黏著度。此為出人意料的,因為先前技術教示所有氧化劑基本上均產生相同的表面改質。
過錳酸鹽(例如過錳酸鈉或過錳酸鉀)之鹼性溶液為較佳的。該溶液較佳含有20-100g/l過錳酸根離子及10-40g/l氫氧根離子。較佳氫氧根離子來源為氫氧化鈉或氫氧化鉀。
根據方法步驟(ii)使介電基板與含有氧化劑之溶液接觸係藉由浸漬或浸沒基板於該溶液中或藉由噴塗溶液至基板上來進行。
根據方法步驟(ii)使基板與含有氧化劑之溶液接觸係進行30秒至30分鐘、較佳30秒至10分鐘範圍內之時間。
根據方法步驟(ii)使基板與含有氧化劑之溶液接觸係在20至95℃、較佳50至85℃範圍內之溫度下進行。
在本發明的一個實施例中,該方法包含以下步驟:(i)用包含至少一種有機矽烷化合物之溶液在15與50℃之間的溫度下處理該表面持續10s與10min之間的時間,(ii)用選自呈20-100g/l之濃度的過錳酸根離子之鹼性水溶液的包含氧化劑之溶液在20與95℃之間的溫度下處理該表面持續1與30min之間的時間,以獲得平均表面粗糙度Ra小於150nm之粗糙化表面。
小於150nm之表面粗糙度Ra可在50與150nm之間,較佳在60與130nm之間且甚至更佳在70與120nm之間。
各種介電基板均可用本發明之方法金屬化。金屬化係藉由濕式化學電鍍方法進行。該電鍍方法包含無電極、浸沒及電解電鍍方法,通常在水溶液中進行。
欲金屬化之介電基板可選自包含以下之群:塑膠、塑膠-玻璃及塑膠-陶瓷複合物。
塑膠可選自包含以下之群:丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯-共聚物(ABS共聚物);聚醯胺;ABS共聚物與至少一種不同於ABS共聚物之其他聚合物的混合物;聚碳酸酯(PC);ABS/PC摻合物;環氧樹脂;雙順丁烯二醯亞胺-三嗪樹脂(BT);氰酸酯樹脂;聚醯亞胺;聚對苯二甲酸伸乙酯(PET);聚對苯二甲酸伸丁酯(PBT);聚乳酸(PLA);聚丙烯(PP);及聚酯。
另外,可使用用於製造印刷電路板之介電基板。該材料通常由環氧基材料(例如環氧摻合物,如環氧-苯并三唑摻合物、環氧-氰酸酯-摻合物、環氧-丙烯摻合物或環氧-聚醯亞胺摻合物)組成。
關於步驟(iii),熟習此項技術者已知若干藉由應用濕式化學電鍍方法將金屬電鍍於基板上之方法。根據本發明,濕式化學電鍍方法較佳為電解電鍍方法、浸沒電鍍方法或無電極電鍍方法。
介電基板(例如塑膠物件)在活化之後可接著藉由使用無電極金屬化方法或者藉由使用直接電鍍方法(電解電鍍方法)來金屬化。首先將物件清潔,隨後塗覆例如貴金屬或導電聚合物,且接著最後金屬化。
供後續金屬電鍍之如印刷電路板之介電基板之通常活化係如下進行:第一導電層較佳包含銅且係藉由無電極電鍍沈積。在此情況下,基板較佳係藉由在無電極沈積銅之前例如沈積含有貴金屬之膠體或包含貴金屬離子之溶液來活化。最佳活化係藉由沈積鈀-錫膠體或鈀離子。該等方法在該等技術中為確定的且為熟練人員所已知。
第一導電層可包含鎳替代銅。
尤其用於印刷電路板層製品及其他適合基板之例示性及非限制性預處理方法可包含以下步驟:a)使基板與活化劑溶液接觸,該活化劑溶液含有使得基板之表面變成催化性的膠狀或離子催化金屬,諸如貴金屬,較佳為鈀,且視情況,特定言之若活化劑含有離子催化金屬時,b)使基板與還原劑接觸,其中離子活化劑之金屬離子還原為元素金屬,或者,若活化劑含有膠狀催化金屬時,c)使基板與加速劑接觸,其中膠體之組分(例如保護性膠體)自催化金屬中移除。
本發明之方法特定言之適合於製造細線電路。此展示於圖1中。
一種此項技術中已知之製造細線電路之方法為半加成方法(SAP),其起始於在背面之至少一部分上具有銅區域之裸介電構造層(1),該銅區域可例如為接觸區域(2),且第二介電層(3)附接至介電構造層(1)之背面。此類基板顯示於圖1a中。藉由例如在構造層(1)中雷射鑽孔形成至少一個開口(4),諸如盲微孔,其延伸穿過基板達至構造層(1)背面上之銅區域(2)(圖1b)。在下一步驟中使構造層(1)之介電表面經受去污製程,此舉產生構造層(1)之粗糙化頂部表面(5a)及至少一個開口(4)之介電側壁的粗糙化表面(5b)(圖1c)。
需要藉由例如沈積含貴金屬之活化劑將粗糙化頂部表面(5a)及粗糙化側壁(5b)進一步活化以便連續無電極電鍍銅。接著,藉由無電極電鍍將導電晶種層(6)(通常由銅製成)沈積於構造層(1)之粗糙化頂部表面(5a)及至少一個開口(4)之粗糙化側壁(5b)上(圖1d)。此類導電層(6)之厚度通常為0.8μm至1.5μm,其a)為在粗糙化頂部表面(5a)上提供充足電導率以便連續電鍍銅所需且b)確保在無電極電鍍銅期間亦為
至少一個開口(4)之粗糙化側壁(5b)提供充足電導率。
接著於構造層(1)之粗糙化及活化頂部表面及至少一個開口(4)之粗糙化及活化介電壁上選擇性電鍍較厚銅層(8)至圖案化抗蝕劑層(7)之開口中(圖1e至圖1f)。移除圖案化抗蝕劑層(7)(圖1g)且藉由差異性蝕刻移除導電層(6)中不由電鍍銅(8)覆蓋之彼等部分(圖1h)。此類方法例如揭示於US 6,278,185 B1及US 6,212,769 B1中。
在印刷電路板上製造細線電路之方法包含以如下順序進行之以下步驟:(i)提供包含在背面之至少一部分上具有接觸區域(2)之裸介電構造層(1)及附接至構造層(1)之背面的第二介電層(3)之基板,(ii)在構造層(1)中形成至少一個延伸穿過基板達至接觸區域(2)之開口(4),(iii)用包含至少一種有機矽烷化合物之溶液處理該表面,(iv)用包含氧化劑之溶液處理該表面,(v)沈積導電晶種層(6)於介電構造層(1)之頂部表面(5a)及至少一個開口(4)之介電側壁(5b)上,及(vi)藉由電鍍選擇性沈積銅層(8)至圖案化抗蝕劑層(7)之開口中。
介電基板(例如塑膠物件)在活化之後可接著藉由使用無電極金屬化方法或者藉由使用直接電鍍方法(電解電鍍方法)來金屬化。首先將物件清潔,隨後塗覆例如貴金屬或導電聚合物且接著最後金屬化。
供後續金屬電鍍之介電基板之通常活化係如下進行:使用含有貴金屬之活化劑活化塑膠以供無電極金屬化且接著無電極金屬化。此後,亦可接著電解塗覆較厚金屬層。在直接電鍍方法情況下,通常依次用鈀膠體溶液及含有與錯合劑形成錯合物之銅離子的鹼性溶液處理經蝕刻表面。此後,可接著將物件直接電解金屬化(EP 1 054 081 B1)。
步驟(iii)中之適合金屬化順序將包括以下步驟:A)用膠體溶液或化合物(特定言之元素週期表之第VIIIB族或第IB族金屬(貴金屬)之鹽)、尤其鈀/錫膠體處理;及B)使用金屬化溶液電解金屬化,在本發明之一個實施例中,基板為介電基板且步驟為iii.應用濕式化學電鍍方法金屬電鍍基板;包含:iiia.使基板與貴金屬膠體或含有貴金屬離子之溶液接觸;iiib.使基板與無電極金屬電鍍溶液接觸;及iiic.使基板與電解金屬電鍍溶液接觸。
在本發明之一個實施例中,在總方法步驟iii中進行以下其他方法步驟中之至少一者。
iii1.將物件或基板浸漬在預浸漬溶液中;iiia1.在漂洗溶液中漂洗物件或基板;iiia2.在加速溶液中或在還原劑溶液中處理物件或基板;iiib1.在漂洗溶液中漂洗物件或基板;及iiic1.在漂洗溶液中漂洗物件或基板。
在此較佳實施例中,此等其他方法步驟係在欲使用無電極金屬化方法金屬化物件或基板時進行,無電極金屬化方法意謂使用無電極方法在物件或基板上塗覆第一金屬層。
加速溶液較佳用以移除根據方法步驟iiia.之膠體溶液之組分,例如保護性膠體。若根據方法步驟iia.之膠體溶液之膠體為鈀/錫膠體,則較佳使用酸(例如硫酸、鹽酸、檸檬酸亦或四氟硼酸)溶液作為加速溶液,以便移除保護性膠體(錫化合物)。
若在方法步驟(ii)a.中使用貴金屬離子之溶液,則使用還原劑溶
液,例如氯化鈀之鹽酸溶液或銀鹽之酸溶液。在此情況下還原劑溶液亦為鹽酸溶液且例如含有氯化錫(II)或其含有另一還原劑,諸如NaH2PO2或硼烷或氫化硼,諸如鹼金屬或鹼土金屬硼烷或二甲基胺基硼烷。
另一方面,物件或基板不經無電極金屬化但欲使用電解金屬化方法(不含無電極金屬化)直接金屬化之方法為較佳的。
在本發明之此實施例中,基板為介電基板且步驟為iii.應用濕式化學電鍍方法金屬電鍍基板;包含:iiia.使基板與貴金屬膠體接觸;iiib.使基板與轉化溶液接觸,以使得在基板表面上形成充足導電層以用於直接電解金屬化;及iiic.使基板與電解金屬電鍍溶液接觸。
方法步驟iiid.、iiie.及iiif.係以既定順序進行,但不必在一步驟後立即進行另一步驟。舉例而言,在該等方法步驟之後,可進行多個漂洗步驟。在此實施例中,方法步驟iid.及iie.充當活化步驟。
轉化溶液較佳用以在物件或基板之表面上形成充足導電層,以便隨後允許直接電解金屬化而不是前述無電極金屬化。若根據方法步驟iid.之膠體溶液之膠體為鈀/錫膠體,則較佳使用含有與錯合劑錯合之銅離子的鹼性溶液作為轉化溶液。舉例而言,轉化溶液可含有有機錯合劑,諸如酒石酸或乙二胺四乙酸及/或其鹽之一,諸如銅鹽,諸如硫酸銅:轉化溶液可包含:(i)Cu(II)、Ag、Au或Ni可溶性金屬鹽或其混合物,(ii)0.05至5mol/l之第IA族金屬氫氧化物,及(iii)該金屬鹽之金屬離子的錯合劑。
下述處理液體較佳為水性的。
在本發明之一較佳實施例中,活化步驟中所用之元素週期表之第VIIIB族或第IB族貴金屬之膠體溶液為含有鈀/錫膠體之活化劑溶液。此膠體溶液較佳含有氯化鈀、氯化錫(II)及鹽酸或硫酸。氯化鈀之濃度以Pd2+計較佳為5-200mg/l,尤佳為20-100mg/l且最佳為30-60mg/l。氯化錫(II)之濃度以Sn2+計較佳為0.5-20g/l,尤佳為1-10g/l且最佳為2-6g/l。鹽酸之濃度較佳為100-300ml/l(37重量%之HCl)。此外,鈀/錫膠體溶液亦較佳含有經由錫(II)離子之氧化而產生之錫(IV)離子。膠體溶液之溫度較佳為20-50℃且尤佳為30-40℃。處理時間較佳為0.5-10min,尤佳為2-5min且最佳為3.5-4.5min。
作為替代物,膠體溶液亦可含有元素週期表之第VIIIB族或第IB族之另一金屬,例如鉑、銥、銠、金或銀或此等金屬之混合物。基本上有可能的是,不以錫離子穩定化膠體來作為保護性膠體,而是實際上使用另一保護性膠體,例如有機保護性膠體,如聚乙烯醇。
若在活化步驟中使用貴金屬離子之溶液替代膠體溶液,則較佳使用含有酸(尤其鹽酸)及貴金屬鹽之溶液。貴金屬鹽可例如為鈀鹽,較佳為氯化鈀、硫酸鈀或乙酸鈀;或銀鹽,例如乙酸銀。作為替代物,亦可使用貴金屬錯合物,例如鈀錯合物鹽,諸如鈀-胺基錯合物之鹽。貴金屬化合物以貴金屬計(例如以Pd2+計)係例如以20mg/l至200mg/l之濃度存在。貴金屬化合物之溶液可在25℃下或在15℃至70℃之溫度下使用。
在使物件或基板與膠體溶液接觸之前,較佳首先使物件或基板與預浸漬溶液接觸,該預浸漬溶液與膠體溶液具有相同組成但不含膠體及其保護性膠體之金屬,意謂此溶液在鈀/錫膠體溶液情況下僅含有鹽酸(若膠體溶液亦含有鹽酸)。在預浸漬溶液中處理後,在不漂洗物件或基板的情況下直接使物件或基板與膠體溶液接觸。
在用膠體溶液處理物件或基板之後,通常漂洗此等物件或基板且接著使其與加速溶液接觸,以便自物件或基板表面移除保護性膠體。
若用貴金屬離子之溶液替代膠體溶液處理物件或基板,則其在首先經漂洗之後將經受還原處理。用於此等情況之還原劑溶液通常含有鹽酸及氯化錫(II)。若貴金屬化合物之溶液為氯化鈀之鹽酸溶液。然而,較佳使用NaH2PO2水溶液。此外,若貴金屬化合物之溶液為複合穩定化硫酸鉛或氯化鉛之中性或鹼性溶液,則在還原處理中較佳使用DMAB(二甲基胺基硼烷)或硼氫化鈉之水溶液。
對於無電極金屬化,在加速或用還原劑溶液處理之後可首先漂洗物件或基板且接著例如以鎳無電極電鍍。習知鎳浴將用以進行此步驟,該鎳浴例如含有許多物質,包括硫酸鎳、次磷酸鹽(例如次磷酸鈉,作為還原劑)及有機錯合劑及pH調節劑(例如緩衝液)。
作為替代物,可使用無電極銅浴,其通常含有銅鹽,例如硫酸銅或次磷酸銅;以及還原劑,諸如甲醛或次磷酸鹽(例如鹼金屬或銨鹽)或次亞磷酸(hypophosphorous acid);以及一或多種錯合劑,諸如酒石酸;以及pH調節劑,諸如氫氧化鈉。
任何金屬沈積浴均可用於後續電解金屬化,例如用於沈積鎳、銅、銀、金、錫、鋅、鐵、鉛或其合金。此類型之沈積浴為熟習此項技術者所熟知的。通常使用瓦特鎳浴作為亮鎳浴,其含有硫酸鎳、氯化鎳及硼酸以及糖精作為添加劑。作為亮銅浴,使用例如含有硫酸銅、硫酸、氯化鈉以及有機硫化合物之組合物,其中硫例如以有機硫化物或二硫化物形式存在於低氧化階段中作為添加劑。
若使用直接電鍍方法,即第一金屬層並非無電極沈積,而是在用轉化溶液處理物件或基板後且在視情況選用之後續漂洗處理之後電解沈積,則使用電解金屬化浴,例如鎳衝擊浴,其較佳係基於瓦特鎳
浴而形成。此等類型之浴例如含有硫酸鎳、氯化鎳及硼酸及糖精作為添加劑。
根據本發明之方法處理物件或基板較佳以習知浸漬方法進行,在該浸漬方法中隨後在進行相應處理之容器中之溶液中浸漬物件或基板。在此情況下,物件或基板可固定於掛物架上或填充至桶中並浸漬於溶液中。固定於掛物架上為較佳的,因為經由掛物架超音波能量有可能更定向地傳輸至物件或基板。或者,可在所謂的傳送帶化加工設備中處理物件或基板,在該等設備中,物件或基板例如排佈在掛物架上且經由設備在水平方向上連續地運送並視需要經超音波處理。
在本發明之另一實施例中,如例如US 2004/0112755 A1、US 5,447,824及WO 89/08375 A中所述,可藉由對介電基板之表面採用導電聚合物來實現直接金屬化。
EP 0 457 180 A2揭示一種金屬化介電基板之方法,此方法包含首先在基板上形成二氧化錳層且接著用含有吡咯及甲烷磺酸之酸性溶液處理表面。該溶液亦可含有噻吩替代吡咯。歸因於此處理,形成導電聚合物層。最後可以電解金屬化此導電層。或者,可塗覆噻吩及苯胺替代吡咯。該方法適合用作活化步驟且隨後用於金屬化根據本發明之非導電基板。
在本發明之此實施例中,基板為介電基板且進行以下其他方法步驟以便在步驟iii.中金屬化基板:iiic.使基板與水溶性聚合物接觸;iiid.用過錳酸鹽溶液處理基板;iiie.用含有至少一種噻吩化合物及至少一種選自包含甲烷磺酸、乙烷磺酸及乙烷二磺酸之群的烷烴磺酸之酸性水溶液或水性鹼之酸性微乳液處理基板;及步驟
iv.應用濕式化學電鍍方法金屬電鍍基板;包含:ivb.使基板與電解金屬電鍍溶液接觸。
用於步驟ic.中之水溶性聚合物較佳選自由以下組成之群:聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯亞胺、聚乙烯基咪唑、烷基胺環氧乙烷共聚物、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇與聚丙二醇之共聚物、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯醯胺、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮及其混合物。水溶性聚合物之濃度在20mg/l至10g/l範圍內。
水溶性聚合物之溶液可進一步含有選自由以下組成之群的水溶性有機溶劑:乙醇、丙醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇、甘油、戴奧辛、丁內酯、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、乙二醇之半醚及半酯。水溶性有機溶劑可以純形式或經水稀釋使用。水溶性有機溶劑之濃度在10ml/l至200ml/l範圍內。在步驟ic.期間,保持水溶性聚合物之溶液在25℃至85℃範圍內之溫度下且將介電基板浸沒於此溶液15s至15min。
接著,在步驟id.中用過錳酸鹽溶液處理介電基板。過錳酸根離子之來源可為任何水溶性過錳酸鹽化合物。過錳酸根離子之來源較佳選自過錳酸鈉及過錳酸鉀。過錳酸根離子之濃度在0.1mol/l至1.5mol/l範圍內。過錳酸鹽溶液可為酸性或鹼性的。過錳酸鹽溶液之pH值較佳在2.5至7範圍內。藉助於步驟id.,在盲微孔(BMV)之側壁上形成MnO2層。
接著,在步驟ie.中基板與較佳包含噻吩化合物及烷烴磺酸之溶液接觸。
噻吩化合物較佳選自3-雜取代噻吩及3,4-雜取代噻吩。噻吩化合物最佳選自由以下組成之群:3,4-乙烯二氧基噻吩、3-甲氧基噻吩、3-甲基-4-甲氧基噻吩及其衍生物。噻吩化合物之濃度在0.001mol/l至
1mol/l、更佳0.005mol/l至0.05mol/l範圍內。
烷烴磺酸係選自包含以下之群:甲烷磺酸、乙烷磺酸、甲烷二磺酸、乙烷二磺酸及其混合物。烷烴磺酸之濃度係藉由調節步驟ie.中所用溶液之所需pH值來設定。該溶液之pH值較佳係設定在0至3範圍內,更佳在1.5至2.1範圍內。
出於本發明之目的,電鍍銅作為金屬為尤佳的。在印刷電路板應用中,所沈積之銅層(一層或數層)之總厚度通常在1與50μm之間、更佳4與30μm之間的範圍內。
以下實驗意欲說明本發明之益處而不限制其範疇。
在實驗中,所用之不同矽烷列舉並標識於表1中。使用以下有機溶劑溶解矽烷:異丙醇(沸點82℃:下文中以IPA表示)及2-異丙氧基乙醇(沸點142℃,下文中以IPPE表示)。
樣品編號P1、P6至P9及P11至P20首先經矽烷組合物處理,且接著在含有MnO4離子之水溶液中處理。對於樣品編號P2,改變方法順序:首先在含有MnO4離子之水溶液中處理,且接著在矽烷組合物中處理(比較實例)。對於樣品編號P3,省去含有MnO4離子之水溶液中的處理且僅施加矽烷組合物(亦為比較實例)。樣品編號P4僅在含有MnO4離子之水溶液中加工但不進行任何矽烷處理(比較實例)。樣品編號P5及P10首先經不含矽烷化合物之溶劑基質處理且接著在含有MnO4離子之水溶液中處理(比較實例)。過錳酸鹽處理步驟隨後總是移除氧化錳(IV)之還原劑步驟。相應方法條件提供於表1中。
組成提供於表1中。處理時間為在環境溫度下1min。
所用基底材料為來自Ajinomoto Co.;Inc.之環氧樹脂ABF GX92。關於實驗,自層壓板中切割出樣品(7.5×15cm)且在100℃之溫度下預固化30分鐘,隨後在180℃之溫度下預固化30分鐘。
所有溶液均是在噴塗之前新製成的。矽烷含量以重量%給出,且對於所進行的所有實驗來說均為3wt.%。
矽烷塗覆:使用由Sonotek製造之ExactaCoat噴霧裝置噴塗溶液(不包括實例P4)於基板上。對於實例P5及P10,溶劑不含矽烷且以相同方式塗覆。對於所有研究,設定以下參數:流速:1.4ml/min.(6ml/min.)
噴嘴距離:4cm
噴嘴速度:40mm/s
重疊:14.2mm
氮氣流:0.8-1.0mPa
一個噴塗週期
此後,將該等板保持10分鐘,然後將其在105℃下烘烤5min。使該等板冷卻降至室溫且傳送至過錳酸鹽蝕刻劑(不包括樣品P3)。
樣品P2首先經由過錳酸鹽蝕刻劑及還原溶液加工且此後噴塗。不包括第二MnO4蝕刻步驟。
其他比較實例P21及P22已在含有硫酸及過氧化氫之溶液中進行。
根據前述方法順序進行實例P21,其中包含氧化劑之溶液含有體積比為3比1之濃硫酸及30wt.%過氧化氫。在60℃之溫度下進行處理,持續10秒。儘管獲得相當高之粗糙度值,但後續金屬電鍍產生極差之金屬層對表面基板之黏著度,因此使得此處理方法不適合產生作為本發明之目的的黏著性金屬層。較長處理時間及/或較高溫度使得樹脂層完全移除且不產生隨後電鍍之金屬層之黏著度。根據前述方法順序進行實例P22,其中包含氧化劑之溶液含有20mL/L濃硫酸及20mL/L 30wt.%過氧化氫。在25℃之溫度下進行處理持續5分鐘。經處理表面顯示低粗糙度及隨後電鍍之金屬層之極差黏著度,使得此溶液
產生作為本發明之目的的黏著性金屬層。
MnO4表示MnO4 -離子
圖2展示根據實例P20 GX92基板材料在過錳酸鹽處理後之表面。在Zeiss Gemini SEM上進行量測,電壓5kV,放大倍數:5000×。
藉由Olympus LEXT 3000共焦雷射顯微鏡所量測之粗糙度Ra量測值為109nm。
圖3展示GX92基板材料在不事先塗覆矽烷情況下過錳酸鹽處理後之表面的SEM影像。此對應於此項技術中已知之涉及水基膨脹劑隨後過錳酸鹽蝕刻之方法。過錳酸鹽濃度為60g/l,NaOH濃度45g/l,處理時間20分鐘且溫度80℃。藉由上文提及之共焦雷射顯微鏡量測之粗糙度Ra為200nm。該粗糙度對於製造細線電路而言可能過高。
此後,根據表2中所提供之方法參數,金屬電鍍樣品。表2包含應用於最後在GX92基板材料上沈積0.8μm無電極銅及30μm電解沈積銅之方法順序。
電鍍金屬層對基板之剝落強度量測係藉由在最終退火之後將樣品鋪設成1cm寬及3cm長之條帶來進行。使用查狄倫LTCM-6拉伸機制(Chatillon LTCM-6 pulling mechanism)用Erichsen Wuppertal 708應變計進行剝落強度量測。所有樣品之黏著度值描繪於表1第5(「剝落」)欄中。
使用具有5kV加速電壓及矽偏移偵測器(Xmas 80,Oxford)之LEO 1530進行場發射掃描電子顯微術(FE-SEM)。以5000之放大倍數記錄影像。在使用硫酸/過氧化氫(50ml/L濃H2SO4,53ml/L H2O2水溶液,在40℃下)蝕刻電鍍銅之後,量測介電表面。量測之前,用銥濺鍍樣品。
對於商業方法,例如覆晶球狀晶格陣列,通常需要黏著度值大於4-5N/cm。此取決於塗覆類型。
在Olympus LEXT 3000共焦雷射顯微鏡上量測平均粗糙度值(Ra)。在120μm×120μm之表面積上收集粗糙度值。所有樣品之平均粗糙度值(Ra)描繪於表1第6(平均粗糙度Ra)欄中。
電鍍金屬層與基板之間的充足黏著度僅可藉由用本發明之方法處理樣品來獲得,即首先為基板表面之矽烷基處理,隨後為過錳酸鹽處理步驟。如表1中所示之方法順序之所有其他組合均產生電鍍金屬層之極低黏著度,其為商業應用所不可接受的。
對於僅經矽烷塗佈(而無任何過錳酸鹽處理)且接著隨後金屬化之樣品P3,測得最低黏著度值。當在基板之金屬電鍍步驟之前施加過錳酸鹽處理時可見初始黏著度稍微增加(樣品編號P4)。此增加係由歸因於過錳酸鹽步驟之其他表面粗糙化引起的。然而,在矽烷塗佈之後未經過錳酸鹽加工之所有樣品在最終銅退火之後均在表面上顯示氣泡。因此,較佳在矽烷塗佈之後進行過錳酸鹽漂洗。
藉由改變方法順序中之最初兩個主要步驟,證實僅適當順序(首先矽烷處理,隨後過錳酸鹽清潔劑)方引起顯著黏著度增加(達至5.5N/cm)。所有其他組合(僅矽烷、僅MnO4以及首先MnO4接著矽烷處理)均得到<1.0N/cm之極低黏著度。
經處理樣品之低粗糙度值使得該方法適合於製造小於10μm寬度之迴路跡線。對於該等結構,迄今為止超過150nm之表面粗糙度值為實現基板與電鍍金屬層之間的充足黏著度所需的。然而,平均粗糙度值高於150nm對於寬度小於10μm之迴路跡線而言可能過高。
Claims (15)
- 一種處理介電基板之表面以製備該表面用於後續濕式化學金屬電鍍之方法,該方法包含以如下順序進行之以下步驟:(i)用包含至少一種有機矽烷化合物之溶液處理該表面;(ii)用選自過錳酸鹽之酸性或鹼性水溶液之包含氧化劑的溶液處理該表面。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中過錳酸鹽之濃度在20-100g/l範圍內。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該有機矽烷化合物係選自由下式表示之群:A(4-x)SiBx其中各A獨立地為可水解基團,x為1至3,且各B係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:C1-C20烷基、芳基、胺基芳基及由下式表示之官能基:CnH2nX,其中n為0至15,較佳為0至10,甚至更佳為1至8,最佳為1、2、3、4,且X係選自由以下組成之群:胺基、醯胺基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵基、巰基、羧基、羧基酯、甲醯胺、硫甲醯胺、醯基、乙烯基、烯丙基、苯乙烯基、環氧基、環氧環己基、縮水甘油氧基、異氰酸酯基、硫氰基、硫異氰基、脲基、硫脲基、胍基、硫胍基、丙烯醯氧基、甲基丙烯醯氧基;或X為羧基酯之殘基;或X為Si(OR)3,且其中R為C1-C5烷基。
- 如請求項3之方法,其中該可水解基團A係選自由-OH、-OR1組成之群,且其中R1為C1-C5烷基、-(CH2)yOR2,且其中y為1、2或3且R2為H或C1-C5烷基、-OCOR3,且其中R3為H或C1-C5烷基。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中R1、R2及R3係獨立地選自甲基、乙基、丙基及異丙基。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之方法,其中該有機矽烷化合物係選自由以下組成之群:乙烯基矽烷、胺基烷基矽烷、胺基脲基烷基矽烷、甲基丙烯醯氧基矽烷及環氧基烷基矽烷。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之方法,其中該有機矽烷係以0.5wt.%與20wt.%之間的濃度施加。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之方法,其中該有機矽烷係溶解於沸點在60至250℃範圍內之極性有機溶劑中。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之方法,其中該有機矽烷係溶解於選自以下之極性有機溶劑中:二乙二醇、2-異丙氧基乙醇(IPPE)、二(丙二醇)甲醚乙酸酯(DPGMEA)及2-乙基-1-己醇。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之方法,其中根據步驟(ii)之氧化劑為過錳酸根離子之鹼性水溶液。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之方法,其包含(i)用包含至少一種有機矽烷化合物之溶液在15與50℃之間的溫度下處理該表面持續10s與10min之間的時間,(ii)用選自呈20-100g/l之濃度的過錳酸根離子之鹼性水溶液的包含氧化劑之溶液在20與95℃之間的溫度下處理該表面持續1與30min之間的時間,以獲得平均表面粗糙度Ra小於150nm之粗糙化表面。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之方法,其進一步包含:(iii)在步驟(ii)之後用濕式化學電鍍方法金屬化該基板。
- 如請求項12之方法,其中金屬化為銅金屬化。
- 如請求項12之方法,其中(iii)在步驟(ii)之後用濕式化學電鍍方法金屬化該基板包含以下步驟以使得該表面導電(iii a)使該基板與活化劑溶液接觸,該活化劑溶液含有使得該基板之表面變成催化性的膠狀或離子催化金屬,諸如貴金屬,較佳為鈀,且視情況,特定言之當該活化劑含有離子催化金屬時,(iii b)使該基板與還原劑接觸,其中離子活化劑之金屬離子還原為元素金屬,或者,當該活化劑含有膠狀催化金屬時,(iii c)使該基板與加速劑接觸,其中該膠體之組分(例如保護性膠體)自該催化金屬中移除。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之方法,其中該介電基板為一基板,其包含在背面之至少一部分上具有接觸區域(2)的裸介電構造層(1)及附接至該構造層(1)之背面的第二介電層(3),其在該構造層(1)中具有至少一個延伸穿過該基板達至該接觸區域(2)之開口(4),(i)用如上述請求項中任一項中所定義之包含至少一種有機矽烷化合物之溶液處理該表面,(ii)用如上述請求項中任一項中所定義之包含氧化劑之溶液處理該表面,(iii)沈積導電晶種層(6)於該介電構造層(1)之頂部表面(5a)及該至少一個開口(4)之介電側壁(5b)上,及(iv)藉由電鍍選擇性沈積銅層(8)至圖案化抗蝕劑層(7)之開口中。
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| KR101994753B1 (ko) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-07-01 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 커패시터 부품 |
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- 2013-03-21 KR KR1020147027285A patent/KR101927679B1/ko active Active
- 2013-03-21 EP EP13710864.3A patent/EP2823084B1/en active Active
- 2013-03-21 US US14/385,779 patent/US20150050422A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2644744A1 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
| EP2823084A1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
| US20150050422A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
| TW201352102A (zh) | 2013-12-16 |
| EP2823084B1 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
| WO2013143961A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
| KR101927679B1 (ko) | 2018-12-11 |
| JP2015516509A (ja) | 2015-06-11 |
| KR20140143764A (ko) | 2014-12-17 |
| JP6234429B2 (ja) | 2017-11-22 |
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