TWI558039B - 帶有電連接元件之板、製造彼之方法、及彼之用途 - Google Patents
帶有電連接元件之板、製造彼之方法、及彼之用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI558039B TWI558039B TW102115444A TW102115444A TWI558039B TW I558039 B TWI558039 B TW I558039B TW 102115444 A TW102115444 A TW 102115444A TW 102115444 A TW102115444 A TW 102115444A TW I558039 B TWI558039 B TW I558039B
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- weight
- electrical connection
- connection element
- conductive structure
- substrate
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical group [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005336 safety glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0004—Resistance soldering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K1/0016—Brazing of electronic components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/002—Soldering by means of induction heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/005—Soldering by means of radiant energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/012—Soldering with the use of hot gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
- B23K35/0238—Sheets, foils layered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3006—Ag as the principal constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C12/00—Alloys based on antimony or bismuth
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
- H01R12/50—Fixed connections
- H01R12/51—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures
- H01R12/55—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures characterised by the terminals
- H01R12/57—Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures characterised by the terminals surface mounting terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
- H01R12/70—Coupling devices
- H01R12/71—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures
- H01R12/712—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures co-operating with the surface of the printed circuit or with a coupling device exclusively provided on the surface of the printed circuit
- H01R12/716—Coupling device provided on the PCB
- H01R12/718—Contact members provided on the PCB without an insulating housing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/10—Sockets for co-operation with pins or blades
- H01R13/11—Resilient sockets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/10—Sockets for co-operation with pins or blades
- H01R13/11—Resilient sockets
- H01R13/111—Resilient sockets co-operating with pins having a circular transverse section
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/02—Soldered or welded connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
- H01R43/0235—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections for applying solder
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/11—Printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
- H05K1/111—Pads for surface mounting, e.g. lay-out
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R2101/00—One pole
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Parts Printed On Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
- Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於帶有電連接元件之板(pane)及其符合經濟和環保之製法。
本發明另係關於用於具有導電結構(例如,加熱導體或天線導體)的機動車輛之帶有電連接元件之板。此導電結構常經由焊上(soldered-on)的電連接元件而連接至機上(onboard)電力系統。由於所用材料的不同熱膨脹係數,玻璃板上產生張力並會於製造和操作期間內導致玻璃板破裂。
含鉛的焊劑具有高延展性可補償因為塑膠變形而發生於電連接元件和板之間的機械應力。但是,因為End of Life Vehicles Directive 2000/53/EC,所以EC內必須以無鉛焊劑代替含鉛的焊劑。總言之,此指令以縮寫ELV(End of Life Vehicles)稱之。其目的係禁止自拋棄式電子產品的大量增加而形成之產品所造成極大問題的組
份。受影響的物質是鉛、汞、和鎘。此尤其係關於將無鉛焊劑材料用於在玻璃上的電力應用及引入對應的替代產物。
已經由,例如,US 6249966 B1和US 20070224842 A1知道設計成鎖扣(snap)(亦稱為按鈕、壓釘、鎖扣固定器)的電連接元件。此連接元件有助於便利地連接至機上電力系統。US 20070224842 A1提出自鈦製造連接元件。但是,鈦難以焊接。此造成連接元件在玻璃板上的黏著欠佳。鈦亦極昂貴,此導致連接元件的高價。
本發明的目的係提供帶有電連接元件的板,及其符合經濟和環保之製法,藉此避免板之嚴重的機械應力。
此外,本發明的目的係提供連接元件用之改良的材料,相較於以前的技術,其具有較佳的利用性和較佳的加工性,如焊接性和冷成形性。
藉根據獨立項1之裝置達到本發明之目的。自附屬項構成較佳具體實施例。
根據本發明之具有至少一個電連接元件的板包含以下特徵:- 基材,- 在該基材區域上的導電結構,
- 供作為鎖扣並含有至少一種含鉻的鋼之連接元件,和- 焊劑材料層,其電性連接該連接元件至該導電結構的次區域。
此基材較佳為含有玻璃,特佳為含有平板玻璃、漂浮玻璃、石英玻璃、硼矽酸鹽玻璃、鈉石灰玻璃。替代的較佳具體實施例中,此基材含有聚合物,特別佳地,聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,和/或彼等之混合物。
此基材具有第一熱膨脹係數。連接元件具有第二熱膨脹係數。本發明之合宜的具體實施例中,第一和第二熱膨脹係數之間的差<5×10-6/℃。因此,得到較佳的黏著性。
導電結構施於該板上。電連接元件藉焊劑材料電性連接至該導電結構的次區域。此焊劑材料以<1毫米的外流寬度自介於該連接元件和該導電結構之間的中間空間流出。
較佳的具體實施例中,最大外流寬度較佳地低於0.5毫米且,特別地,約0毫米。就降低板中的機械應力、連接元件的黏著性、及降低焊劑量而言,此特別合宜。
最大外流寬度定義為連接元件的外緣和焊劑材料橫跨的點(焊劑材料滴下的層厚度低於50微米處)之間的距離。最大外流寬度係在焊接法之後,在固化的焊
劑材料上測得。
藉由適當地選擇焊劑材料體積和介於連接元件和導電結構之間的垂直距離,而得到所欲的最大外流寬度,此可藉簡單的實驗決定。可以藉由適當的處理工具(例如,具有整體化的間隔器(integrated spacer)之工具)事先界定介於連接元件和導電結構之間的垂直距離。
最大外流寬度甚至可為負值,即,拉回由電連接元件和導電結構所形成的中間空間中。
根據本發明之板之合宜的具體實施例中,最大外流寬度經拉回呈凹彎月面至由電連接元件和導電結構所形成的中間空間中。在焊接法期間內,於焊劑仍為流體的同時,藉由提高間隔器和導電結構之間的垂直距離,而形成凹彎月面。
降低板(特別是有大的焊劑材料橫跨的臨界區域)中的機械應力有優點存在。
第一熱膨脹係數較佳地由8×10-6/℃至9×10-6/℃。此基材較佳地為在0℃至300℃的溫度範圍內之熱膨脹係數由8.3×10-6/℃至9×10-6/℃的玻璃。
在0℃至300℃的溫度範圍內,第二熱膨脹係數較佳地由9×10-6/℃至13×10-6/℃,特別佳地由10×10-6/℃至11.5×10-6/℃。
根據本發明之導電結構的層厚度較佳地為5微米至40微米,特別佳地由5微米至20微米,極特別佳地由8微米至15微米,且,最佳地,由10微米至12微
米。根據本發明之導電結構較佳為含有銀,特佳為含有銀粒和玻璃料。
焊劑的層厚度低於或等於6.0×10-4米,特別佳地低於3.0×10-4米。
此焊劑材料較佳地無鉛。根據此發明之無鉛焊劑材料應含有低於或等於0.1重量%鉛。就根據本發明之帶有電連接元件之板的環境衝擊性而言,此特別合宜。基本上,無鉛焊劑材料的延展性低於含鉛的焊劑材料,使得介於連接元件和板之間的機械應力較難獲得補償。但是,已證實藉根據本發明之連接元件可防止嚴重的機械應力。根據本發明之焊劑材料較佳為含有錫和鉍、銦、鋅、銅、銀、或彼等之組合。錫在根據本發明之焊劑組成物中之比例為3重量%至99.5重量%,較佳地由10重量%至95.5重量%,特別佳地由15重量%至60重量%。鉍、銦、鋅、銅、銀、或彼等之組合在根據本發明之焊劑組成物中的比例為0.5重量%至97重量%,較佳地為10重量%至67重量%,藉此,鉍、銦、鋅、銅或銀的比例可為0重量%。根據本發明之焊劑組成物可含有0重量%至5重量%鎳、鍺、鋁或磷。根據本發明之焊劑組成物含有,極特別佳地,Bi40Sn57Ag3、Sn40Bi57Ag3、Bi59Sn40Ag1、Bi57Sn42Ag1、In97Ag3、Sn95.5Ag3.8Cu0.7、Bi67In33、Bi33In50Sn17、Sn77.2In20Ag2.8、Sn95Ag4Cu1、Sn99Cu1、Sn96.5Ag3.5、Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5、Sn97Ag3或彼等之混合物。
合宜的具體實施例中,此焊劑材料含有鉍。已證實含鉍的焊劑材料使得根據本發明之連接元件與板的黏著性特別好,藉此防止板受損。鉍在焊劑材料組成物中之比例較佳地由0.5重量%至97重量%,較佳地為10重量%至67重量%,且極特別佳地由33重量%至67重量%,特別是由50重量%至60重量%。除了鉍以外,此焊劑材料較佳地含有錫和銀或錫、銀和銅。特別佳的具體實施例中,此焊劑材料含有至少35重量%至69重量%鉍、30重量%至50重量%錫、1重量%至10重量%銀和0重量%至5重量%銅。特別佳的具體實施例中,此焊劑材料含有至少49重量%至60重量%鉍、39重量%至42重量%錫、1重量%至4重量%銀和0重量%至3重量%銅。
另一合宜的具體實施例中,此焊劑材料的錫含量為90重量%至99.5重量%,較佳地由95重量%至99重量%,更佳地由93重量%至98重量%。除了錫以外,此焊劑材料較佳地含有0.5重量%至5重量%銀和0重量%至5重量%銅。
根據本發明之連接元件較佳地含有至少50重量%至89.5重量%鐵、10.5重量%至20重量%鉻、0重量%至1重量%碳、0重量%至5重量%鎳、0重量%至2重量%錳、0重量%至2.5重量%鉬、和/或0重量%至1重量%鈦。此外,此連接元件可含有其他元素(包括釩、鋁、鈮、和氮)之摻合物。
根據本發明之連接元件亦可含有至少66.5重
量%至89.5重量%鐵、10.5重量%至20重量%鉻、0重量%至1重量%碳、0重量%至5重量%鎳、0重量%至2重量%錳、0重量%至2.5重量%鉬、0重量%至2重量%鈮、和/或0重量%至1重量%鈦。此外,此連接元件可含有其他元素(包括釩、鋁、和氮)之摻合物。
另一較佳具體實施例中,根據本發明之連接元件可含有至少65重量%至89.5重量%鐵、10.5重量%至20重量%鉻、0重量%至0.5重量%碳、0重量%至2.5重量%鎳、0重量%至1重量%錳、0重量%至1重量%鉬、和/或0重量%至1重量%鈦。此外,此連接元件可含有其他元素(包括釩、鋁、鈮和氮)之摻合物。
根據本發明之連接元件亦可含有至少73重量%至89.5重量%鐵、10.5重量%至20重量%鉻、0重量%至0.5重量%碳、0重量%至2.5重量%鎳、0重量%至1重量%錳、0重量%至1重量%鉬、0重量%至1重量%鈮、和/或0重量%至1重量%鈦。此外,此連接元件可含有其他元素(包括釩、鋁、和氮)之摻合物。
另一特別佳的具體實施例中,根據本發明之連接元件可含有至少75重量%至84重量%鐵、16重量%至18.5重量%鉻、0重量%至0.1重量%碳、0重量%至1重量%錳、和/或0重量%至1重量%鈦。此外,此連接元件可含有其他元素(包括釩、鋁、鈮和氮)之摻合物。
根據本發明之連接元件亦可含有至少78.5重量%至84重量%鐵、16重量%至18.5重量%鉻、0重量%
至0.1重量%碳、0重量%至1重量%錳、0重量%至1重量%鈮、和/或0重量%至1重量%鈦。此外,此連接元件可含有其他元素(包括釩、鋁、和氮)之摻合物。
根據本發明之連接元件經塗覆,較佳地,經鎳、錫、銅、和/或銀塗覆。根據本發明之連接元件特別佳地係具備黏著促進層(較佳地以鎳和/或銅製造),且,額外地,係具備可焊接層(較佳地以銀製造)。根據本發明之連接元件經塗覆,極特別佳地,經0.1微米至0.3微米鎳和/或3微米20微米銀塗覆。此連接元件可經鎳、錫、銅、和/或銀電鍍。鎳和銀改良連接元件的帶電能力及腐蝕安定性及以焊劑材料潤濕的性質。
根據本發明之連接元件含有,較佳地,鉻比例大於或等於10.5重量%且熱膨脹係數為9×10-6/℃至13×10-6/℃之含鉻的鋼。其他的合金組份(如鉬、錳、或鈮)改善腐蝕安定性或改變機械性質,如抗拉強度或冷成形性。
相較於根據先前技術之由鈦製造的連接元件,含鉻的鋼製造的連接元件之優點在於焊接性較佳。其原因在於其導熱性(25瓦特/mK至30瓦特/mK)高於鈦的導熱性(22瓦特/mK)。導熱性越高,連接元件在焊接法期間內的加熱越均勻,藉此,可防止形成特別熱的位置(“熱點”)。這些位置是板的機械應力和後續受損的起點。改良連接元件和板的黏著性,特別是使用無鉛焊劑材料,可補償其相較於含鉛的焊劑材料之較低的延展性而
造成之較差的機械應力。由於較佳的冷成形性,此連接元件亦可較佳地由含鉻的鋼形成。此外,含鉻的鋼更易取得。
相較於許多習知之例如銅製的連接元件,含鉻的鋼所製之連接元件的另一優點在於高剛性。因此,此連接元件較不易變形,例如,在來自對連接至連接元件的金屬線(wire)上施以拉力之負荷下時。此變形會造成經由焊劑材料而在連接元件和導電結構之間形成的接點之載重。特別地,使用無鉛焊劑材料,必須避免載重。相較於含鉛的焊劑材料,無鉛焊劑材料的延展性較低,因此而較無法良好地補償此載重,此會導致板受損。
根據本發明,連接元件製成鎖扣。因此,若連接纜線具備互補(complementary)鎖扣,則連接元件可以被簡單且便利地連接至連接纜線。連接元件至連接纜線之連接可以合宜地在裝設板於使用點後發生。
較佳的具體實施例中,此連接元件作為公鎖扣。此連接纜線於之後係具備互補母鎖扣。但是,或者,此連接元件可作為母鎖扣,而連接纜線作為公鎖扣。
此連接元件具有至少一個接觸表面(較佳地為其全表面),連接元件藉由焊劑材料經由接觸表面連接至導電結構的次區域。此接觸表面較佳地沒有角落。此接觸表面可以例如具有卵形、橢圓形、或圓形。但是,或者,此接觸表面可為具有鈍圓的角落之凸多角形,較佳為矩形。此鈍圓的角落的曲率半徑r>0.5毫米,較佳地r>1
毫米。
此電連接元件具有,特別是至少在面對焊劑材料的表面上,含銅、鋅、錫、銀、金或合金之塗層或彼等的層,較佳者為銀。此防止焊劑材料散佈出去超過塗層並限制外流寬度。
本發明之合宜的具體實施例中,間隔器,較佳地至少兩個間隔器,特別佳地至少三個間隔器,配置於連接元件的接觸表面上。此間隔器較佳地含有與連接元件相同的合金。各間隔器係經成形為例如立方體、角錐形、旋轉的橢圓形的一部分、或球部分。此間隔器較佳地具有寬度為0.5×10-4米至10×10-4米及高度為0.5×10-4米至5×10-4米,特別佳地為1×10-4米至3×10-4米。藉間隔器,有利於形成均勻的焊劑材料層。此對於連接元件的黏著性特別有利。此間隔器可以與連接元件製成一片。此間隔器可以例如藉由令連接元件與初始狀態扁平的接觸表面再成形為接觸表面而形成,例如,藉由壓印或深度牽引而形成。此方法中,在連接元件之與接觸表面相反的表面上形成對應的凹處。
藉間隔器,得到焊劑材料之均勻一致的厚度及一致的熔合層。因此,可降低介於連接元件和板之間的機械應力。使用無鉛焊劑材料特別合宜,其可補償因為其相較於含鉛的焊劑材料之較低的延展性而較為欠佳的機械應力。
就平面圖觀之,此連接元件較佳地長和寬為1
毫米至50毫米,特別佳地長和寬為3毫米至30毫米,且,極特別佳地,長和寬為5毫米至10毫米。
電連接元件的形狀可以在連接元件和導電結構之間之中間空間中形成焊劑儲槽。此焊劑儲槽和焊劑在導電結構上的潤濕性防止焊劑材料自中間空間外流。此焊劑儲槽可設計成矩形、圓形、或多面形。
在電連接元件和導電結構的電連接期間內所引入的能量較佳地藉衝床、熱電極、柱塞焊接(較佳地為雷射焊接)、熱空氣焊接、感應焊接、電阻焊接、和/或以超音波發生。
本發明之目的係進一步藉一種製造具有至少一個連接元件的板之方法達成,其中a)焊劑材料以小片形式施於連接元件上,b)導電結構施於基材上,c)具有該焊劑材料的該連接元件排列於該導電結構上,和d)該連接元件焊接至該導電結構。
此焊劑材料較佳地事先施於連接元件,較佳地以具有固定層厚度、體積、形狀、和排列的小片施用在連接元件上。
焊劑材料小片的層厚度較佳地低於或等於0.6毫米。焊劑材料小片的形狀較佳地對應於接觸表面的形狀。若,例如,接觸表面為圓形或具有圓形外緣,則此焊劑材料小片較佳地為圓形。
連接元件較佳地用於經加熱的板或用於在建物(特別是在汽車、鐵路、飛機、或船舶)中之具有天線的板。此連接元件用以將板的導電結構連接至配置於板外的電力系統。此電力系統為放大器、控制單元、或電壓來源。
1‧‧‧基材
2‧‧‧導電結構
3‧‧‧電連接元件
4‧‧‧焊劑材料
5‧‧‧潤濕層
6‧‧‧基板(base plate)
7‧‧‧連接元件
8‧‧‧接觸表面
b‧‧‧焊劑材料的最大外流寬度
t‧‧‧焊劑材料的限制厚度
以參考附圖和例示具體實施例的方式詳細解釋本發明。其中:圖1根據本發明之板的第一具體實施例之截面圖,圖2係圖1之連接元件橫截的透視圖,圖3根據本發明之方法的詳細流程圖。
圖1描繪根據本發明之可加熱的基材1在電連接元件(electrical connection element)3的區域中之截面圖。該基材1是3毫米厚之由鈉石灰玻璃所製成之經熱預力的單板安全玻璃。該基材1之寬度為150公分且高度為80公分。導電結構2以加熱導體結構2的形式印在基材1上。導電結構2含有銀粒和玻璃料。在基材1的邊緣區域中,導電結構2寬化至寬度為10毫米並形成用於電連接元件3的接觸表面。基材1的邊緣區域中,亦有覆蓋網印物(covering screenprint)(未示)。在介於電連接元件3和導電結構2之間的接觸表面8的區域中,施用焊
劑材料4,其影響電連接元件3和導電結構2之間的持久性電力和機械連接。焊劑材料4含有57重量%鉍、40重量%錫、和3重量%銀。此焊劑材料4完全以預定的體積和形狀排列於電連接元件3和導電結構2之間。焊劑材料4厚度為250微米。此電連接元件3係製自根據EN 10 088-2(ThyssenKrupp Nirosta® 4509)之材料編號1.4509的鋼,其熱膨脹係數為10.0×10-6/℃。電連接元件3具有銀塗層(未示),例如,厚度約5微米。
根據EN 10 088-2之材料編號1.4509的鋼具有良好的冷成形性和以所有方法(氣體焊接除外)進行之良好的焊接性。此鋼用於建構消音系統和廢氣去毒系統且因為其耐鱗剝(scaling)溫度超過950℃及具有在廢氣系統中耐受應力的抗腐蝕性,所以特別適用。但是,其他含鉻的鋼可用於電連接元件3。一個替代用之特別適合的鋼是例如根據EN 10 088-2之材料編號1.4016者。
電連接元件3作為公鎖扣。所示的具體實施例中,電連接元件3由基板(base plate)6和連接元件(connecting element)7所組成。平面圖中,基板6為圓形。此基板6的中央具有圓孔,基板6的外緣向上彎曲,使得基板的範圍自基材1以約直角向外延伸。基板6的外緣以U形彎曲。此在基板6的邊緣區域中形成用於連接元件7的扣件(“母座”)。基板6的彎曲邊緣區域可設計成連續或不連續。基板6,除了彎曲區域以外,扁平並與孔相鄰且在邊緣區域中。基板6之面對基材1的扁平表面形
成接觸表面8。
基板6的材料厚度為例如約0.2毫米或0.3毫米。基板6的圓型外緣的直徑為例如約8毫米。基板6中心的圓孔的直徑為例如約1毫米。
連接元件7設計成實質上為中空圓柱形,其實質上垂直於基材1表面。連接元件7外緣上的底區域向外彎曲並以約平行於中空圓柱的接觸表面8的方式延伸。此底區域插入藉基板6的彎曲區域形成的扣件內部。因此,連接元件7持續安定地連接至電連接元件3的基板6。中空圓柱的壁藉由連接元件7的約略U形彎曲而得到,U形彎曲的半徑等於例如約0.3毫米。此中空圓柱的外徑為例如約5.7毫米且內徑為例如約3.5毫米。連接元件7的材料厚度為例如約0.3毫米。連接元件7的高度是例如約3.5毫米。
提供電連接元件3並適用於連接至母鎖扣(未示)。用於此目的,母鎖扣置於連接元件7上。中空圓柱的外壁未垂直於基材1,而是與垂直之間的角度例如約3°,使得連接元件7的直徑隨著與基材1的距離提高而越來越大。因此,避免放置的母鎖扣意外滑開。此母鎖扣可以例如包括彈簧元件,其施加壓力至連接元件7的外壁。至機上電子系統的連接纜線連接至母鎖扣。因此,可以簡單且便利的方式,提供介於導電結構2和外部電壓來源之間的電連接。
連接元件7亦可以例如具有溝槽,使得母鎖
扣的唇部於放置之後進入其中。若連接元件7的直徑(至少於其高度的一部分)隨著與基材1的距離提高而越來越大時,母鎖扣可以合宜地扣入公鎖扣中,例如藉由唇部或彈簧元件。
圖2顯示橫截圖1之電連接元件3之透視圖。此電連接元件3包括具有接觸表面8和連接元件7的基板6。
圖3詳細說明根據本發明之製造具有電連接元件3的板之方法。此處提出根據本發明之製造具有電連接元件3的板之方法的例子。第一步驟中,須根據形狀和體積分配(portion)焊劑材料4。經分配之焊劑材料4配置於電連接元件3的接觸表面8上。此焊劑材料可以例如以圓形小片形式形成,其施於圖1之電連接元件3的接觸表面上,基板6中央的孔經覆蓋。電連接元件3與焊劑材料4排列在導電結構2上。藉能量的輸入,電連接元件3耐久地連接至導電結構2,並因此連接至基材1。
以基材1(厚度3毫米,寬度150公分,高度80公分)、加熱導體結構形式的導電結構2、根據圖1的電連接元件3、和焊劑材料4製造試樣。電連接元件3經銀電鍍。焊劑材料4事先以圓形小片以固定層厚度、體積和形狀施用在電連接元件3的接觸表面8上。以施於導電結構2上的焊劑材料4施用電連接元件3。於溫度200℃
和加工時間2秒鐘,電連接元件3焊接在導電結構2上。焊劑材料4自介於電連接元件3和導電結構2之間的中間空間外流,其層厚度t超過50微米,觀察到僅達最大外流寬度b=0.5毫米。電連接元件3和焊劑材料4之組成示於表1。未觀察到因為焊劑材料4的排列(藉電連接元件3和導電結構2事先界定)而造成基材1之嚴重的機械應力。基材1經由導電結構2連接至電連接元件3,其持久安定。
以所有的試樣觀察發現,溫度差由+80℃至-30℃,沒有玻璃基材1破裂或顯示受損。可證實,在焊接之後的短時間內,具有經焊接之電連接元件3的這些基材1對於突然的溫度降低呈現安定狀態。
以與實例相同的方式進行比較例。差異在於電連接元件3所用的材料不同。電連接元件3為100重量%鈦。電連接元件3因此而具有較低的導熱性、較低的熱膨脹係數,且電連接元件3和基材1之間的熱膨脹係數差較小。電連接元件3和焊劑材料4之組成示於表2。根據習知的方法,藉焊劑材料4,電連接元件3焊接至導電結
構2。焊劑材料4自介於電連接元件3和導電結構2之間的中間空間外流,其層厚度t超過50微米,平均外流寬度b=2毫米至3毫米。比較例中,電連接元件3所用材料的導熱性較低,導致連接元件在焊接法期間內的加熱較不均勻。
溫度差突然由+80℃至-30℃時,觀察到玻璃基材1於焊接之後的短時間內明顯損壞。
以上的表1和2的差異及根據本發明之電連接元件3的優點示於表3。
證實根據本發明之具有玻璃基材1和根據本發明之電連接元件3的板對於突然的溫度差異具有較佳的
安定性。此結果為嫻於此技術者意料之外且訝異者。
1‧‧‧基材
2‧‧‧導電結構
3‧‧‧電連接元件
4‧‧‧焊劑材料
6‧‧‧基板(base plate)
7‧‧‧連接元件(connecting element)
8‧‧‧接觸表面
Claims (15)
- 一種具有至少一個電連接元件之板(pane),其包含:- 基材(1),- 在基材(1)區域上的導電結構(2),- 供作為鎖扣並含有至少一種含鉻的鋼之電連接元件(3),和- 焊劑材料(4)層,其電性連接該電連接元件(3)至少至該導電結構(2)的次區域。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之板,其中該基材(1)含有玻璃(較佳地為平板玻璃、漂浮玻璃、石英玻璃、硼矽酸鹽玻璃、鈉石灰玻璃)、或聚合物(較佳地為聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)和/或彼等之混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之板,其中,基材(1)的熱膨脹係數與電連接元件(3)的熱膨脹係數之間的差<5×10-6/℃。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之板,其中該電連接元件(3)含有至少50重量%至89.5重量%鐵、10.5重量%至20重量%鉻、0重量%至1重量%碳、0重量%至5重量%鎳、0重量%至2重量%錳、0重量%至2.5重量%鉬、或0重量%至1重量%鈦。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之板,其中該電連接元件(3)含有至少75重量%至84重量%鐵、16重量%至18.5 重量%鉻、0重量%至0.1重量%碳、0重量%至1重量%錳、或0重量%至1重量%鈦。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之板,其中該導電結構(2)含有銀。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之板,其中該焊劑材料(4)的層厚度低於或等於6.0×10-4米。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之板,其中該焊劑材料(4)含有錫和鉍、銦、鋅、銅、銀、或彼等之組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之板,其中錫在該焊劑材料(4)中的比例為3重量%至99.5重量%,而鉍、銦、鋅、銅、銀、或彼等之組合的比例為0.5重量%至97重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之板,其中該電連接元件(3)經鎳、錫、銅、和/或銀塗覆。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之板,其中該電連接元件(3)經0.1微米至3微米的鎳和/或3微米至20微米的銀塗覆。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之板,其中該電連接元件(3)經由遍佈於其全部表面的接觸表面(8)連接至導電結構(2)的次區域。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之板,其中該接觸表面(8)沒有角落。
- 一種製造申請專利範圍第1至13項中任一項之具有至少一個電連接元件的板之方法,其中 a)焊劑材料(4)以小片形式施於電連接元件(3)上,b)導電結構(2)施於基材(1)上,c)具有該焊劑材料(4)的該電連接元件(3)排列於該導電結構(2)上,和d)該電連接元件(3)焊接至該導電結構(2)。
- 一種申請專利範圍第1至13項中任一項之具有至少一個電連接元件的板之用途,其用於具有導電結構(較佳地具有加熱導體和/或天線導體)的機動車輛。
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| JP5000499B2 (ja) | 2005-06-08 | 2012-08-15 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 導電性被膜の形成されたガラス物品及びその製造方法 |
| CA2725206C (en) | 2008-05-08 | 2016-03-15 | Thyssenkrupp Vdm Gmbh | Iron-nickel alloy |
| EP2408260A1 (de) | 2010-07-13 | 2012-01-18 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Glasscheibe mit einem elektrischen Anschlusselement |
-
2013
- 2013-04-30 TW TW102115444A patent/TWI558039B/zh active
- 2013-05-16 EP EP13725113.8A patent/EP2859620B1/de active Active
- 2013-05-16 DK DK13725113.8T patent/DK2859620T3/en active
- 2013-05-16 WO PCT/EP2013/060116 patent/WO2013182394A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2013-05-16 BR BR112014029731-2A patent/BR112014029731B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-16 HU HUE13725113A patent/HUE029438T2/en unknown
- 2013-05-16 US US14/400,476 patent/US9496632B2/en active Active
- 2013-05-16 IN IN2828KON2014 patent/IN2014KN02828A/en unknown
- 2013-05-16 PT PT137251138T patent/PT2859620T/pt unknown
- 2013-05-16 DE DE202013006774U patent/DE202013006774U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2013-05-16 MY MYPI2014703619A patent/MY184588A/en unknown
- 2013-05-16 KR KR1020147033980A patent/KR101660624B1/ko active Active
- 2013-05-16 ES ES13725113.8T patent/ES2600482T3/es active Active
- 2013-05-16 JP JP2015515455A patent/JP6017025B2/ja active Active
- 2013-05-16 AU AU2013270846A patent/AU2013270846B2/en active Active
- 2013-05-16 CN CN201380029741.6A patent/CN104335422B/zh active Active
- 2013-05-16 PL PL13725113T patent/PL2859620T3/pl unknown
- 2013-05-16 CA CA2874689A patent/CA2874689C/en active Active
- 2013-05-16 MX MX2014014792A patent/MX360103B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-16 MA MA37597A patent/MA37597B1/fr unknown
- 2013-06-03 AR ARP130101940 patent/AR091244A1/es active IP Right Grant
-
2014
- 2014-11-27 ZA ZA2014/08736A patent/ZA201408736B/en unknown
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| EP0593940A1 (de) * | 1992-10-17 | 1994-04-27 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International S.A. | Autoglasscheibe aus Verbundglas mit in der Zwischenschicht eingebetteten Drähten und einem Anschlusskabel und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| US20030162415A1 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-08-28 | Spaulding James R. | Electrical connection to windshield/backglass |
| TWI302713B (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2008-11-01 | Corning Inc | Hermetically sealed glass package and method of fabrication |
| US20060102610A1 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2006-05-18 | Agc Automotive Americas R&D, Inc. | Electrical connector for a window pane of a vehicle |
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| EP2365730A1 (de) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-14 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Scheibe mit einem elektrischen Anschlusselement |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HUE029438T2 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
| PL2859620T3 (pl) | 2017-02-28 |
| ES2600482T3 (es) | 2017-02-09 |
| EP2859620B1 (de) | 2016-08-03 |
| CA2874689A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
| AR091244A1 (es) | 2015-01-21 |
| DK2859620T3 (en) | 2016-11-28 |
| KR20150008161A (ko) | 2015-01-21 |
| ZA201408736B (en) | 2015-12-23 |
| BR112014029731B1 (pt) | 2021-08-10 |
| JP2015527278A (ja) | 2015-09-17 |
| AU2013270846A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
| BR112014029731A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
| MY184588A (en) | 2021-04-06 |
| DE202013006774U1 (de) | 2013-08-26 |
| PT2859620T (pt) | 2016-11-09 |
| TW201414120A (zh) | 2014-04-01 |
| AU2013270846B2 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
| MA20150154A1 (fr) | 2015-05-29 |
| CN104335422B (zh) | 2017-07-07 |
| CN104335422A (zh) | 2015-02-04 |
| WO2013182394A1 (de) | 2013-12-12 |
| US9496632B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
| KR101660624B1 (ko) | 2016-09-27 |
| IN2014KN02828A (zh) | 2015-05-08 |
| EP2859620A1 (de) | 2015-04-15 |
| JP6017025B2 (ja) | 2016-10-26 |
| MX2014014792A (es) | 2015-02-24 |
| MA37597B1 (fr) | 2016-04-29 |
| CA2874689C (en) | 2017-06-13 |
| US20150162677A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
| MX360103B (es) | 2018-10-23 |
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