TWI424840B - β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯之用途 - Google Patents
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Description
本發明係關於一種用β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯(HMB)調節細胞活素產生來治療個體之方法。
近年來,在工業化社會中,過敏症及哮喘在流行率及嚴重性方面已有所增加。事實上,哮喘為目前兒童中最常見之慢性疾病。
關於過敏症及哮喘之發病機制已瞭解頗多。兩者均為基於免疫之疾病。兩者均與體內1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素之相對含量不平衡相關。已觀測到患有過敏症或哮喘之個體具有較高之2型細胞活素與1型細胞活素之相對比率。咸信此失衡比率隨後促成過敏症及哮喘之發病機制。
一般而言,細胞活素為細胞產生之以旁分泌或自分泌方式影響細胞功能之調節蛋白質。其係由免疫細胞產生且因此根據其與反應有關之誘導性功能及細胞類型分類。
1型細胞活素(例如)主要引出或強化細胞介導之對病原體之免疫反應。1型細胞活素與發炎反應、病毒免疫性、細胞內寄生物免疫性及同種異體移植排斥反應有關。1型細胞活素包含介白素2(IL-2)、介白素12(IL-12)及干擾素γ(IFNγ)。1型細胞活素可抑制2型細胞活素之產生。
相比較而言,2型細胞活素主要引出或強化抗體介導之對病原體之免疫反應。2型細胞活素與體液反應、蠕蟲免疫性及過敏反應有關。2型細胞活素包含介白素4(IL-4)、介白素5(IL-5)、介白素10(IL-10)及介白素13(IL-13)。2型細胞活素可抑制1型細胞活素之產生。
鑒於過敏症與哮喘中細胞活素不平衡之間的關聯,咸信針對1型細胞活素含量與2型細胞活素含量之比率正常化的治療將有助於治療或甚至預防該等疾病。為此,本文現已發現β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯(HMB)暴露(活體外)增加受激周邊血液單核細胞(PBMC)中之1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素之相對比率,由此提供用於治療患有過敏症及哮喘或具有發展過敏症及哮喘之風險之個體的潛在新穎療法。
作為市售成份,HMB存在於多種營養產品中。其亦為必需胺基酸白胺酸之代謝物且因此天然存在於人體內。HMB亦存在於包含柑橘類水果及紫苜蓿(alfalfa)之多種植物中,以及鯰魚中。其亦已知且用於多種目的,包含增加或保持適當個體之肌肉質量且增強總免疫功能。
然而,迄今為止,尚無關於HMB在調節1細胞活素及2型細胞活素產生中之作用之報導,亦無使用HMB影響細胞活素不平衡以治療對細胞活素不平衡作出反應之病症(包含過敏症及哮喘)之任何揭示內容。
本發明之方法係針對調節罹患以1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素不平衡為特徵之病症之彼等個體體內的相應細胞活素含量,由此提供基礎病症之治療。該等病症中最顯著者為過敏症及哮喘。
本發明之第一實施例為一種治療患有以體內1型細胞活素含量與2型細胞活素含量相對不平衡為特徵之病症之個體的方法,其中該方法包括投予該個體有效量之β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯,由此通常藉由增加1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素之相對含量或產生來調節該不平衡。本發明包含其中該病症為哮喘、過敏症或兩者之彼等實施例。
本發明之第二實施例為一種治療患有過敏症或具有發展過敏症之風險之個體的方法,該方法包括投予該個體有效量之β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯(HMB)。
本發明之第三實施例為一種治療患有哮喘或具有發展哮喘之風險之個體的方法,該方法包括投予該個體有效量之β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯(HMB)。
本發明之第四實施例為一種治療具有發展年齡相關感染之風險之老年個體的方法,該方法包括投予該等個體有效量之β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯(HMB)。
本發明係基於用T細胞刺激物CD3/CD28刺激且同時暴露於HMB中之周邊血液單核細胞(PBMC)顯示有利於1型細胞活素產生之1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素產生變化之發現。該變化係由於HMB暴露增加諸如干擾素-γ(IFNγ)、介白素12(IL-12)及介白素2(IL-2)之1型細胞活素產生,而不相應增加諸如介白素4(IL-4)、介白素5(IL-5)、介白素10(IL-10)及介白素13(IL-13)之2型細胞活素產生而發生。
本發明之方法包含以本文所述之方式且出於本文所述之目的,將有效量之β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯(HMB)投予需要其之個體。本發明之方法之此等及其他基本或可選元素或特徵在下文中詳細描述。
除非另作說明,否則如本文中使用之術語"治療"包含預防病症、延遲病症之發作、降低病症症狀之嚴重性,或消除病症之一些或所有症狀。
除非另作說明,否則如本文中使用之術語"改善"意謂消除、延遲或降低與病症相關之症狀之流行率或嚴重性。
除非另作說明,否則如本文中使用之術語"病症"包含病理性及非病理性病症,所有該等病症均係以1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素之相對量異常或不平衡為特徵。
除非另作說明,否則如本文中使用之術語"老年個體"意謂60歲以上,較佳70歲以上者。
除非另作說明,否則如本文中使用之術語"調節"意謂降低體內1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素含量之不平衡(亦即與病症相關之不平衡),或另外增加1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素之比率,其包含增加1型細胞活素含量而不相應增加2型細胞活素含量。
除非另作說明,否則如本文中使用之所有百分比、份及比率係以總組合物之重量計。除非另作說明,否則所有該等重量在其關於所列成份時係以活性含量計且因此不包含市售材料中可能包含之溶劑或副產物。
除非另作說明,否則如本文中使用之所有數值範圍(無論是否明確地在前面加上術語"約")意欲且理解為在前面加上彼術語。
除非由其中提及之內容另作說明或明確相反表示,否則本發明之所有提及之單數特徵或限制應包含相應複數特徵或限制,反之亦然。
除非由其中提及組合之內容另作說明或明確相反表示,否則如本文中使用之方法或過程步驟之所有組合可以任何次序進行。
本發明之方法亦可能大體上無本文所描述之任何可選或選定基本特徵,其限制條件為其餘方法仍含有如本文所描述之所有需要之限制。
現參看本發明之第一實施例。本發明之第一實施例內所包含之病症包含過敏症;哮喘;實體腫瘤;癌症,包含晚期卵巢癌;及黑素瘤;腎腫瘤;及壓力,包含燒傷後之心理壓力、手術壓力及手術前壓力。該等方法尤其適用於治療過敏症、哮喘或兩者。
關於過敏症及哮喘,IL-4(2型細胞活素)含量升高已與過敏症及哮喘之進一步發展或惡化相關。
因此,本發明之第一實施例,其係針對一種治療患有病症之個體,包括投予該個體有效調節或另外引起1型細胞活素含量增加而2型細胞活素含量不相應增加之量的HMB之方法,可治療患過敏症及哮喘症狀之個體,此係由於1型細胞活素增加將用以促進1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素之平衡分佈。
關於包含晚期卵巢癌之癌症,已有研究展示將1型細胞活素IFN-γ直接注入腹腔中可延長患有晚期卵巢癌之女性之存活時間。此治療已展示在對化學療法無效之個體進行初始化學療法期間以及化學療法之後均有效。因此,本發明之第一實施例,其係針對一種治療患有病症之個體,包括投予該個體有效調節或另外引起1型細胞活素含量增加而2型細胞活素含量不相應增加之量的HMB之方法,加強治療患有包含晚期卵巢癌之癌症之個體,此係由於已發現該方法提高1型細胞活素(包含IFNγ)之含量。
關於腎腫瘤及黑素瘤,已有研究展示以皮下注射給予之介白素2可治療一些腎腫瘤及黑素瘤。當用作癌症治療時,認為IL-2加強身體天然防衛機制理且使得一些癌細胞經免疫細胞識別且消除。因此,本發明之第一實施例,其係針對一種治療患有病症之個體,包括投予該個體有效調節或另外引起1型細胞活素含量增加而2型細胞活素不增加之量的HMB之方法,加強治療患有腎腫瘤或黑素瘤之個體,此係由於發明者已發現本發明之第一實施例之方法可提高1型細胞活素(包含IL-2)之含量。
關於燒傷後之心理壓力、手術壓力及手術前壓力,已有研究展示壓力增加2型細胞活素產生且抑制1型細胞活素產生。當個體經歷壓力時,免疫系統因伴隨壓力期之2型細胞活素之產生及1型細胞活素之抑制而受到損害。因此,本發明之第一實施例,其係針對一種治療患有病症之個體,包括投予該個體有效調節或另外引起1型細胞活素含量增加而不增加2型細胞活素之量的HMB之方法,可治療燒傷後之壓力、手術壓力及手術前壓力,此係由於投予個體有效增加1型細胞活素含量而不增加2型細胞活素含量之量的HMB調節與壓力相關之細胞活素之不平衡。1型細胞活素增加促進個體內1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素之平衡分佈。
本發明之第一實施例內所包含之1型細胞活素包含干擾素γ、介白素2及介白素12。本發明之第一實施例內所包含之2型細胞活素包含介白素4、介白素5、介白素10及介白素13。
IFNγ之一些保護性功能包含抑制病毒複製、刺激巨噬細胞且增強在免疫反應中自身識別所必需之細胞表面分子。另外,需要適當含量之IFNγ用於防感染及疾病。IFNγ亦拮抗2型細胞活素IL-4之若干作用且抑制產生IL-4之細胞之增殖。因此,誘導IFNγ產生之能力有助於治療患有諸如本文所論述之彼等病症之個體。發明者已發現HMB可誘導IFNγ之產生,而不影響2型細胞活素之產生,且因此本發明之方法有效治療本文所論述類型之病症。
IL-2之一些保護性功能包含誘導所有T細胞、活化B細胞及自然殺手細胞之增殖且藉由誘導來自T細胞及自然殺手細胞之殺腫瘤細胞活素來增強殺死腫瘤細胞。亦需要適當含量之IL-2用於防感染及疾病。因此,誘導IL-2產生之能力有助於治療患有諸如本文所論述之彼等病症之個體。發明者已發現投予HMB誘導IL-2之產生而不增加2型細胞活素含量,且因此本發明之方法有效治療本文所論述類型之病症。
儘管亦需要適當含量之2型細胞活素IL-4用於防感染及疾病,但IL-4含量升高已與過敏症、哮喘及壓力之進一步發展相關。因此,治療患有如本文所描述病症之個體之能力取決於誘導諸如IFNγ及IL-2之1型細胞活素產生之能力,亦及並不同時增加2型細胞活素(且尤其IL-4)產生之能力,此係由於已知IL-4含量增加使過敏症、哮喘及壓力進一步發展。本發明之第一實施例係針對一種治療患有病症之個體之方法,其中投予HMB誘導IL-2及IFNγ之產生,而不相應增加IL-4含量。
本發明之第一實施例之另一態樣係針對一種治療患有以1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素不平衡為特徵之病症之個體的方法,其包括投予該個體有效調節或另外引起1型細胞活素含量增加,而2型細胞活素含量不相應增加之量的HMB,其中投予HMB之量為有效改善過敏症狀之量。2型細胞活素IL-4含量升高與過敏症之進一步發展相關。但諸如IFNγ之1型細胞活素拮抗IL-4之若干作用且抑制產生IL-4之細胞之增殖。因此,當投予個體之HMB之量為促進1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素平衡分佈之有效量時,本發明之方法能夠改善過敏症症狀。
類似地,本發明係針對一種治療患有由1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素之不平衡為特徵之病症之個體的方法,其包括投予該個體有效調節或另外引起1型細胞活素含量增加,而2型細胞活素含量不相應增加之量的HMB,其中投予HMB之量為有效改善哮喘症狀之量。2型細胞活素IL-4含量升高與哮喘之進一步發展相關。但諸如IFNγ之1型細胞活素拮抗IL-4之若干作用且抑制產生IL-4之細胞之增殖。因此,當投予個體之HMB之量為促進1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素平衡分佈之有效量時,本發明之方法能夠改善哮喘症狀。
本發明之第一實施例之另一態樣係針對一種治療患有以1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素不平衡為特徵之病症之個體的方法,其包括投予該個體有效調節或另外引起1型細胞活素含量增加,而2型細胞活素含量不相應增加之量的HMB,其中投予HMB之量為有效防止FEV1
(或1秒內用力呼氣容量)下降之量。患重度及持續性哮喘之個體顯示低FEN1
百分比值,而僅患輕度及間歇性哮喘之彼等個體顯示較高百分比值。由此,在投予有效誘導1型細胞活素產生而不誘導2型細胞活素產生之量的HMB以減少與1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素不平衡分佈相關之哮喘的進一步發展時,本發明之方法能夠防止FEV1
下降。
僅經歷輕度及間歇性哮喘症狀之個體顯示大於或等於80%之FEV1
值。因此,本發明之第一實施例之另一態樣係針對一種誘導細胞活素產生,治療患有病症之個體的方法,其包括投予該個體有效引起1型細胞活素含量增加而2型細胞活素含量不相應增加之量的HMB,其中投予HMB之量為保持基本FEV1
在80%以上之有效量。在經由本發明之第一實施例之方法改變與哮喘相關之1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素不平衡分佈時,該方法能夠保持基本FEV1
在80%以上。
現參看本發明之第二實施例。本發明包含一種治療患有過敏症或具有發展過敏症之風險之個體的過敏症之方法,該方法包括投予該個體有效預防或改善過敏症症狀之量的β-羥基-β甲基丁酸酯。具有過敏症風險之個體包含已患過敏症之彼等個體及遺傳性或另外易患有過敏症之彼等個體。
如本文使用之術語"過敏症"包含花粉熱、食物過敏、過敏性結膜炎、異位性皮膚炎、吸入物(空氣傳播之過敏原)過敏及其他常見過敏症。此等過敏症經常與接觸諸如動物皮屑、花粉、昆蟲刺傷或咬傷、家塵、家塵蟎、黴菌、一些藥物,及食物(尤其魚、蛋、牛奶及堅果)之過敏原相關。
現參看本發明之第三實施例。本發明包含一種治療患有哮喘或具有哮喘之風險之個體的哮喘之方法,該方法包括投予該個體有效預防或改善哮喘症狀之量的β-羥基-β甲基丁酸酯。具有哮喘風險之個體包含已患哮喘之彼等個體及遺傳性或另外易患有哮喘之彼等個體。
現參看本發明之第四實施例。本發明包含一種治療具有發展包含細菌與病毒感染、呼吸道與非呼吸道之年齡相關感染之風險的老年個體之方法,該方法包括投予該等個體有效降低該等感染之風險或流行率之量的β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯。
出於本文所描述之方法之目的,有效量之HMB最通常在每日0.1 g至10 g,包含0.5 g至5.0 g且亦包含1.0 g至3.5 g之HMB的範圍內。總日劑量可每天或在選定間歇日以單次、分次或連續(或半連續)給藥(例如,腸道餵食)來投予。
本發明之方法較佳針對口服。
本發明之方法可針對適於向目標群體或選定個體安全投予有效量之HMB之任何產品形式,其均係根據本文之方法。該等產品包含醫藥劑型(例如,膠囊、錠劑、液體、局部劑型等)以及營養產品。
用於本文之營養產品進一步包括脂肪、蛋白質、碳水化合物、礦物質及維生素中之一或多者(較佳為所有者)。該等產品包含固體、液體、粉末及凝膠。
適用於本文之固體營養產品形式之非限制性實例包含點心及膳食替代產品,其包含調配為以下各物之彼等產品:食物棒(bar)、食物條(stick)、餅乾或麵包或蛋糕或其他烘焙食品、冷凍液體、糖果、早餐穀類食品、粉末或粒狀固體或其他微粒、點心薄片或小點心等。
適用於本文之液體營養產品形式之非限制性實例包含點心及膳食替代產品,諸如調配為以下各物之彼等產品:果汁或其他酸化飲料、基於牛奶或大豆之飲料、牛奶冰淇淋攪合飲料、咖啡、茶、碳酸飲料、非碳酸飲料、腸道餵食之組合物等。此等液體組合物最通常調配為懸浮液或乳液,但亦可調配成諸如溶液、液體凝膠等之任何其他合適形式。
許多不同來源及類型之蛋白質、脂質及碳水化合物係已知且可用於本文所描述之多種營養產品中,其限制條件為選定營養素對於口服而言為安全且有效的且與基本及其他所添加之成份相容。
適用於營養產品中之碳水化合物可為簡單碳水化合物、複雜碳水化合物或其變體或組合。合適之碳水化合物之非限制性實例包含水解或改質之澱粉或玉米澱粉、麥芽糊精、葡萄糖聚合物、蔗糖、玉米糖漿、玉米糖漿固體、得自米之碳水化合物、葡萄糖、果糖、乳糖、高果糖玉米糖漿、難消化之寡醣(例如果寡醣)、蜂蜜、糖醇(例如,麥芽糖醇、赤藻糖醇、山梨糖醇)及其組合。
適用於本文之碳水化合物亦包含可溶性膳食纖維,其非限制性實例包含阿拉伯膠(gum arabic)、羧甲基纖維素鈉、瓜爾膠(guar gum)、柑橘果膠、低甲氧基果膠及高甲氧基果膠、燕麥葡聚糖及大麥葡聚糖、角叉菜膠(carrageenan)、洋車前子(psyllium)及其組合。可溶性膳食纖維亦適於作為本文之碳水化合物來源,其非限制實例包含燕麥殼纖維、豌豆殼纖維、大豆殼纖維、大豆子葉纖維、甜菜纖維、纖維素、玉米麩及其組合。
適用於營養產品中之蛋白質包含水解、部分水解或未水解之蛋白質或蛋白質來源,且可得自任何已知或另外合適之來源,諸如牛奶(例如,酪蛋白、乳清)、動物(例如,肉、魚)、穀類(例如,米、玉米)、蔬菜(例如,大豆)或其組合。用於本文之蛋白質亦可包含或全部或部分替代為已知用於營養產品中之游離胺基酸,其非限制實例包含色胺酸、麩醯胺酸、酪胺酸、甲硫胺酸、半胱胺酸、精胺酸及其組合。
適用於營養產品中之脂肪包含椰子油、分餾之椰子油、大豆油、玉米油、橄欖油、紅花籽油、高油酸紅花籽油、MCT油(中鏈甘油三酸酯)、葵花籽油、高油酸葵花籽油、棕櫚油及棕櫚仁油、軟質棕櫚油(palm olein)、菜籽油、海產油(marine oil)、棉籽油及其組合。
在本發明之營養組合物中之脂肪、蛋白質及碳水化合物之濃度或量可在相當程度上視特定產品形式及多種其他調配物及目標膳食需要而變化。此等大量營養素最通常在下表中所描述之任何熱量範圍(實施例A、B或C)內調配。
當用於目標群體時,用於本文之營養組合物可進一步包括其他可選組份,該等可選組份可使產品之物理、化學、美學或加工特徵改質或充當醫藥組份或額外營養組份。許多該等可選成份係已知或另外適用於藥膳食品(medical food)或其他營養產品或醫藥劑型中且亦可用於本文之組合物中,其限制條件為該等可選成份對於口服而言為安全的且與選定產品形式中之基本及其他成份相容。
該等可選成份之非限制性實例包含防腐劑;抗氧化劑;乳化劑;緩衝劑;額外醫藥活性劑;如本文所描述之額外營養素;甜味劑,包含人工甜味劑(例如,糖精、阿斯巴甜糖(aspartame)、合成糖精K、蔗糖素);著色劑;調味劑;增稠劑及穩定劑;乳化劑;潤滑劑等。
用於本文之營養組合物可進一步包括多種其他維生素或相關營養素中之任一者,其非限制性實例包含維生素A、維生素D、維生素E、維生素K、硫胺、核黃素、吡哆醇、維生素B12
、類胡蘿蔔素(例如,β-胡蘿蔔素、玉米黃素、葉黃素、番茄紅素)、菸鹼酸、葉酸、泛酸、生物素、維生素C、膽鹼、肌醇、鹽及其衍生物,及其組合。
用於本文之營養組合物可進一步包括多種其他額外礦物質之任一者,其非限制性實例包含鈣、磷、鎂、鐵、鋅、錳、銅、鈉、鉀、鉬、鉻、氯化物及其組合。
進行以下實驗以測定HMB暴露與細胞活素產生之間的關係。
為誘導細胞活素之產生,將自10個正常健康供體之周邊血液分離之PBMC用T細胞刺激物CD3/CD28刺激24個小時。使用Bio-plex細胞活素檢定分析細胞活素產生。Bio-Plex技術係基於抗體-抗原互相作用,其中與針對所關注之細胞活素之抗體共軛的螢光標記珠粒使靶細胞活素與該珠粒結合。隨後,將此珠粒-細胞活素複合物暴露於生物素標記之偵測抗體及抗生蛋白鏈菌素-PE(藻紅素)報導分子中。來自報導分子之信號與存在之細胞活素之量成正比,由此使得細胞活素能夠量化。
在實驗中量化之每一種得自T細胞之細胞活素描述於下表中:
進行t檢定(成對樣品,雙尾),其中評估大量來自培養物(具有HMB者與無HMB者相比較)之1型細胞活素及2型細胞活素。
隨後在以下1型細胞活素之產生中觀測到顯著劑量反應增加:IL-2(5 mM及10 mM HMB)、IL-12(5 mM及10 mM HMB)及IFNγ(5mM及10 mM HMB);其結果匯總於圖1中。
關於2型細胞活素產生,在暴露於10 mM HMB之後發現IL-10產生顯著減少(參見圖2),而HMB未顯著影響GC-CSF、TNFα、IL-4、IL-5及IL-13之產生。此等結果匯總於圖1及圖2中。
有利於類型1之細胞活素產生變化匯總於圖3、圖4及圖5中。在5 mM及10 mM之HMB濃度下,顯示相對於IL-4及IL-10產生之IL-2產生增加,而在1 mM、5mM及10 mM之HMB濃度下,顯示相對於IL-5及IL-13產生之IL-2產生增加(圖3)。在5 mM及10 mM之HMB濃度下,顯示相對於IL-4、IL-5、IL-13及IL-10之IL-12產生增加(圖4)。在10 mM之HMB濃度下,顯示相對於IL-4及IL-10之IFNγ產生增加,而在5 mM及10 mM之HMB濃度下,相對於IL-5之IFNγ產生增加(圖5)。
數據展示HMB暴露增加1型細胞活素產生(IL-2、IL-12、IFNγ)而減少某些2型細胞活素(IL-10)之產生且不顯著影響其他2型細胞活素(GC-CSF、TNFα、IL-4、IL-5、IL-13)之產生。因此,最後結果為有利於1型細胞活素產生之1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素產生變化。
以下實例說明本發明之方法之特定實施例,其包含適用於其中之一些營養及其他產品形式。實例僅為達成說明之目的給出且不應理解為限制本發明,此係由於在不脫離本發明之精神及範疇之情況下,可能對其作出許多變化。
下述營養組合物為適用於本發明之方法之營養產品的代表性實例。每一者可經由製備營養乳液之習知方法來製備,其中一些實例描述於美國專利公開案20050215640A1中,該專利公開案之說明書以引用的方式併入本文中。
營養液體#1(體重增益配方)
營養液體#4(營養補充劑)
給予在春季患季節性過敏症之28歲個體0.25-1 g HMB(營養液體#5),一週四次,歷時一年。季節性過敏症之症狀在下一年春季得以減輕。
投予通常每年哮喘惡化四次之30歲白種男性1-10 g HMB(營養液體#5),一週四次,歷時一年。惡化頻率減少至一年一次。
投予已經受對於卵巢癌之化學療法之45歲女性2-10 g HMB(營養液體#1),一週四次,歷時一年。一年以後,卵巢癌未復發。
投予經診斷患有腎腫瘤且已對其進行治療之50歲男性750 mg HMB(膠囊),一週四次,歷時一年。六個月以後,腫瘤未擴散至該個體身體之其他部分。
投予經診斷患有黑素瘤且已對其進行治療之42歲女性1 g HMB(營養液體#1),一週4次,歷時一年。六個月以後,黑素瘤未擴散至該個體身體之其他部分。
投予由於燒傷而患重度心理壓力症狀之37歲男性500 mg(營養液體#1)HMB,一週4次,歷時一年。一年以後,心理壓力症狀減輕。
投予患手術壓力症狀之29歲女性200 mg HMB(營養液體#2),一週7次,歷時2個月。兩個月以後,手術壓力症狀減輕。
在個體之預定手術前,投予患手術前壓力症狀之25歲男性200 mg HMB(膠囊),一天一次,歷時3週。3週末,手術前壓力症狀減輕。
對患中度持續性哮喘之24歲男性進行測試以測定該個體之FEV1
百分比值且記錄該值。隨後,投予該個體5-10 g HMB(營養液體#5),一週4次,歷時一年。一年以後,該個體之FEV1
未降低且哮喘症狀減輕。
對患輕度間歇性哮喘之33歲男性進行測試以測定該個體之FEV1
百分比值且記錄83%之值。隨後,投予該個體1.5-6 g HMB(營養液體#5),一週4次,歷時一年。一年以後,該個體之FEV1
保持在80%以上且哮喘症狀減輕。
具有季節性過敏症家族史之14歲女性不展示患季節性過敏症之徵象。隨後,投予該個體0.1-1.5 g HMB(營養液體#3),一天一次,歷時6個月。六個月以後,該個體仍不展示患季節性過敏症之徵象。
具有哮喘家族史之16歲男性不展示患哮喘症狀之徵象。投予該個體250 mg HMB(營養液體#4),一天一次,歷時6個月。六個月以後,該個體仍不展示患哮喘症狀之徵象。
在對肺炎進行習知治療及自肺炎康復之後,投予72歲男性250 mg HMB(營養液體#1)一天一次,歷時6個月。在彼等六個月期間,該個體維持無呼吸道感染,包含肺炎之任何復發。
使24歲男性進行紐約馬拉松(New York Marathon)訓練。在其訓練期間及事後3個月,其每日服用兩份營養配方#6(每份含有1公克HMB)。與其上一年之經歷相反,其在此高強度訓練方案期間未經歷任何呼吸道感染(該等感染反映已知與極度體能訓練計劃相關之免疫抑制)。
圖1匯總展示HMB對來自同時用CD3/CD28刺激24小時之周邊血液單核細胞之1型細胞活素(IL-2、IL-12、IFNγ、TNFα、GM-CSF)產生的影響之實驗數據(*
p<0.05,成對樣品,2尾t檢定,與無HMB者比較)。
圖2匯總展示HMB對來自同時用CD3/CD28刺激24小時之周邊血液單核細胞之2型細胞活素(IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-13)產生的影響之實驗數據(*
p<0.05,成對樣品,2尾t檢定,與無HMB者比較)。
圖3匯總展示HMB對來自同時用CD3/CD28刺激24小時之周邊血液單核細胞之1型細胞活素(IL-2)與2型細胞活素(IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、IL-10)之比率的影響之實驗數據(*
p<0.05,成對樣品,2尾t檢定,與無HMB者比較)。
圖4匯總展示HMB對來自同時用CD3/CD28刺激24小時之周邊血液單核細胞之1型細胞活素(IL-12)與2型細胞活素(IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、IL-10)之比率的影響之實驗數據(*
p<0.05,成對樣品,2尾t檢定,與無HMB者比較)。
圖5匯總展示HMB對來自同時用CD3/CD28刺激24小時之周邊血液單核細胞之1型細胞活素(IFNγ)與2型細胞活素(IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、IL-10)之比率的影響之實驗數據(*
p<0.05,成對樣品,2尾t檢定,與無HMB者比較)。
Claims (17)
- 一種β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯之用途,其係用於製造一種治療一患有以1型細胞活素含量與2型細胞活素含量不平衡為特徵之病症之個體的藥劑,其中有效量之該β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯係投予至該個體,以調節該1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素產生之不平衡。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該1型細胞活素含量與2型細胞活素含量之比率係藉由投予β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯來增加。
- 如請求項2之用途,其中該1型細胞活素含量係藉由投予β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯來增加而2型細胞活素含量則不增加。
- 如請求項2之用途,其中該有效量之β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯在每日0.5g至10g範圍內。
- 一種β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯作為營養產品之用途,其中該營養產品進一步包括一或多種脂肪、蛋白質及碳水化合物,且該營養產品之目的在於服用時提供每日0.5g至10g之β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該病症為過敏症。
- 如請求項6之用途,其中該β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯之量有效改善過敏症狀。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該病症為哮喘。
- 如請求項8之用途,其中該β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯之量有效改善哮喘症狀。
- 如請求項8之用途,其中該β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯之量有效防止FEV1 下降。
- 如請求項8之用途,其中該β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯之量足以保持基本FEV1 在80%以上。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該病症為癌症。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該1型細胞活素為干擾素-γ或介白素2,且該2型細胞活素為介白素4。
- 如請求項2之用途,其中該1型細胞活素為干擾素-γ、介白素2或介白素12且該2型細胞活素為介白素4、介白素5、介白素13或介白素10。
- 一種β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯的用途,其係用於製造一種治療一患有以1型細胞活素含量與2型細胞活素含量不平衡為特徵之過敏症或具有發展該過敏症之風險之個體的藥劑,其中有效量之該β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯係投予至該個體,以調節該1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素產生之不平衡。
- 一種β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯之用途,其係用於製造一種治療一患有以1型細胞活素含量與2型細胞活素含量不平衡為特徵之哮喘或具有發展該哮喘之風險之個體的藥劑,其中有效量之該β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯係投予至該個體,以調節該1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素產生之不平衡。
- 一種β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯之用途,其係用於製造一種降低具有發展感染之風險之老年個體的感染風險的藥劑,其中有效量之該β-羥基-β-甲基丁酸酯係投予至該個體, 以調節該1型細胞活素與2型細胞活素產生之不平衡。
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