TWI420013B - 吸音磚及製造該吸音磚之方法 - Google Patents
吸音磚及製造該吸音磚之方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI420013B TWI420013B TW96119622A TW96119622A TWI420013B TW I420013 B TWI420013 B TW I420013B TW 96119622 A TW96119622 A TW 96119622A TW 96119622 A TW96119622 A TW 96119622A TW I420013 B TWI420013 B TW I420013B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- sound absorbing
- formaldehyde
- weight percent
- brick
- surface treatment
- Prior art date
Links
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 171
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BEGLCMHJXHIJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylisothiazolinone Chemical compound CN1SC=CC1=O BEGLCMHJXHIJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- UEFCKYIRXORTFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-thiazolidin-3-one Chemical group O=C1CCSN1 UEFCKYIRXORTFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=NC(CCl)=CS1 MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019983 sodium metaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940100555 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one Drugs 0.000 description 3
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;1-oxidopyridine-2-thione Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S.[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940100484 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Didecyldimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 229920003091 Methocel™ Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- DHNRXBZYEKSXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethylisothiazolinone Chemical compound CN1SC(Cl)=CC1=O DHNRXBZYEKSXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/80—Paper comprising more than one coating
- D21H19/82—Paper comprising more than one coating superposed
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/10—Coatings without pigments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
- D21H5/22—Fungicidal, bactericidal, insecticidal, disinfecting, antiseptic, or corrosion-inhibiting paper antistatic, antioxygenic paper
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
- E04B9/001—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by provisions for heat or sound insulation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
- E04B9/04—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like
- E04B9/045—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like being laminated
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/36—Biocidal agents, e.g. fungicidal, bactericidal, insecticidal agents
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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Description
本發明係關於吸音磚及製造吸音磚之方法。
吸音磚為意欲藉由吸收聲音或減少室內空間(諸如臥室、走廊或會議廳或類似空間)中之聲音傳輸來改良吸音性之特殊設計的系統。儘管存在無數類型之吸音磚,但是常見之吸音磚大體上由礦棉纖維、填充劑、著色劑及黏合劑構成,如(例如)在美國專利第1,769,519號中所揭示。除多種其他材料之外,此等材料可用以提供具有理想吸音性質及諸如色彩及外觀之其他性質之吸音磚。
儘管如以上所論述,存在多種市售吸音磚產品,但是在當今市場上目前不存在包含礦棉纖維之無甲醛吸音天花板產品。目前有數種歸類為低揮發性有機化學物(VOC)散發體之產品可用,然而,由於此等磚中有採用多種甲醛放射組份,故所有此等產品皆散發可偵測數量之甲醛。本案發明者已發現:表面處理及背塗層中使用之某些聚合黏合劑固有地含有、釋放、散發或產生甲醛。另外,包括於表面處理及背塗層中之諸如濕態防腐劑或殺生物劑之添加劑亦可能釋放、散發或產生可偵測且可量化水平之甲醛。因此,即使甲醛可能並非為用於吸音磚中之聚合黏合劑或殺生物劑的成份,但是該磚由於包括(例如)聚合黏合劑及/或殺生物劑降解的若干原因而仍可能釋放、散發或產生甲醛。儘管在製造過程中的熱暴露期間產生之甲醛散發物可排入堆疊器或熱氧化器中,但是所得產品將仍含有殘餘甲醛,其於經安裝後即散發出。若使甲醛散發減少或使此等散發消除,將可在安裝吸音磚的場所(諸如學校、健保設施或辦公建築)中提供改良的室內空氣品質。
本發明提供一種吸音磚及一種製造吸音磚之方法。熟習此項技術者鑒於後述本發明之詳細說明將顯而易見本發明之此等及其他優勢。
本發明提供一種包括一核心及一表面處理之吸音磚。另外,本發明提供一種包括一核心及一表面處理之無甲醛吸音磚。該表面處理包括無甲醛之乳膠黏合劑且包含至少一種無甲醛之殺生物劑。
另外,本發明提供一種吸音磚且進一步提供一種無甲醛吸音磚,該等吸音磚包含一核心及一表面處理,其中該表面處理在乾燥之前包含:約30重量百分比至約50重量百分比之水;約40重量百分比至約60重量百分比之填充劑;約2重量百分比至約15重量百分比之TiO2
;約2重量百分比至約20重量百分比之無甲醛乳膠;約0.25重量百分比至約1.00重量百分比之分散劑;約0.01重量百分比至約1.00重量百分比之增稠劑;約0.10重量百分比至約1.00重量百分比之界面活性劑;約0.05重量百分比至約0.50重量百分比之消泡劑;及約0.01重量百分比至約1.50重量百分比之無甲醛殺生物劑。
此外,本發明提供一種用於製造一吸音磚及另外一無甲醛吸音磚之方法。此方法包含製備一吸音磚核心及將一表面處理應用至該核心,其中該表面處理包括無甲醛乳膠黏合劑且包含至少一種無甲醛殺生物劑。
此外,本發明提供一種表面處理。本發明亦提供一種經一不添加甲醛或釋放、散發或產生可量化量之甲醛之組份的表面處理處理的吸音磚。另外,本發明提供一種經一不添加甲醛或釋放、散發或產生可量化量之甲醛之組份的表面處理處理的無甲醛吸音磚。
本發明包含一吸音磚。根據另一態樣,本發明亦包含一無甲醛吸音磚。
如本文中所使用,術語"無甲醛吸音磚"乃指所製造之磚所釋放或散發之甲醛量低於可量化之限制量。此限制量亦即定量之下限(較低LOQ),如關於來自各種來源之揮發性有機物散發使用小規模環境腔室之測試之標準規範(the Standard Practice For The Testing Of Volatile Organic Emissions From Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers)的測試協定所設定者,其日期為2004年7月15日(標準規範)。該標準規範併有若干美國材料測驗學會(American Society for Testing and Materials)(ASTM)標準,包括ASTM D 5116-97。標準規範之第3.9.7.1章將較低LOQ定義為"產生大於儀器雜訊位準10倍或為較低位準標準之重複分析之標準差的10倍的回應的分析物質量"。術語"無甲醛"意謂所釋放或散發之甲醛之量低於約較低LOQ。在一較佳實施例中,由本發明之無甲醛吸音磚釋放或散發之甲醛的量通常低於約2 μg/m3
。在一更佳實施例中,由本發明之無甲醛吸音磚釋放或散發之甲醛的量通常低於約1 μg/m3
。儘管製造之根據本發明之吸音磚如本文中所定義無甲醛,但是吸音磚較佳儲存在避免暴露至可能被無甲醛吸音磚吸收之VOC污染物(尤其為甲醛)的位置上且以避免暴露至VOC污染物(尤其甲醛)的方式儲存。
根據本發明之較佳實施具體例之無甲醛吸音磚由於數種原因而合乎理想,尤其是著眼於與VOC散發體(尤其甲醛)相關聯之不利健康及環境後果。舉例而言,甲醛已由世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)之一部分:國際癌症研究署(International Agency for Research on Cancer)分類為人類致癌物。立法及管制主體日益要求甲醛之更低放射水平。舉例而言,高成效學校合作委員會(Collaborative For High-Performance Schools)(CHPS)中之規範部分01350(Specifications Section 01350),加州特殊環境要求(California's Special Environmental Requirements),包括針對所選VOC之散發測試程序及最大可允許濃度,且為第一個基於健康的建築材料規範。CHPS部分01350之子部分聚焦於以最小化建築材料對室內空氣品質及居住者健康的不利影響為目標來選擇及處理建築材料,其基於根據ASTM D 5116-97標準方法之小腔室測試。2004年,CHPS被採納為標準作業。
標準規範亦指定用於樣品接收、處理及製備之程序。如在標準規範中所指定,每一測試樣品在23±2℃及50±10%相對濕度下調節10天±5小時,繼之為96小時測試。基於根據標準規範之小腔室測試,測試方法要求在調節時期之完成之後,在起始腔室測試之後,以24、48及96小時為週期進行腔室空氣取樣。要求對個別化合物進行器具校正及辨識及量化。
如在圖1中所示意性說明,根據本發明之一個態樣之無甲醛吸音磚包含一吸音磚核心10、一表面處理20及視需要包含一襯底30。一用於生產吸音磚之例示性程序描述於美國專利第1,769,519號中。在一個態樣中,核心10包含礦棉纖維及澱粉,其中該礦棉纖維可包括多種纖維,諸如渣棉、岩棉及/或玄武岩礦棉。在本發明之另一態樣中,無甲醛吸音磚之澱粉組份可為澱粉凝膠,其充當礦棉纖維的黏合劑,如在美國專利第1,769,519號、第3,246,063號及第3,307,651號中所揭示。在本發明之另一態樣中,吸音磚核心10可包含玻璃纖維。
本發明之吸音磚可使用多種技術來製備。在一個實施例中,核心10係藉由一濕式或水氈合方法製備,如在美國專利第4,911,788號及第6,919,132號中所揭示。如在本文中所描述,表面處理20及襯底30亦可應用至借助於濕式氈合方法製備之吸音磚。彼等熟習此項技術者將瞭解如何改質表面處理20及襯底30以應用至濕式氈合核心10。在一較佳實施例中,核心10係藉由將澱粉與多種添加劑組合且混合於水中來提供漿料。將該漿料加熱以蒸煮澱粉且產生澱粉凝膠,接著將其與礦棉纖維混合。將凝膠、添加劑與礦棉纖維之此組合(稱作"漿")以連續法量入托盤中。該漿所量入之托盤之底部可視需要含有一襯底30(舉例而言,漂白紙、未漂白紙或牛皮紙背襯鋁箔,下文中稱作牛皮紙/鋁箔),其用以輔助材料自托盤的釋放,亦保持作為完成產品之一部分。可將漿之表面圖案化,且隨後可使含有漿之托盤(例如)藉由被傳送通過對流隧道式乾燥器來乾燥。接著,可將經乾燥之產品或層板饋入一精整線中,在該精整線處,可將其切割至提供吸音磚核心10之尺寸。核心10可接著藉由表面處理組合物(其在乾燥之後提供本發明之表面處理20)之應用轉化為本發明之無甲醛吸音磚。較佳在核心已形成且乾燥之後將該表面處理組合物應用至核心10。
如以上所提及,無甲醛吸音磚之核心10亦可包括多種其他添加劑及試劑。舉例而言,核心10可包括硫酸鈣材料(諸如,粉刷灰泥、石膏及/或硬石膏)、硼酸及六偏磷酸鈉(SHMP)。當製造吸音磚時,高嶺黏土及瓜爾膠可替代粉刷灰泥及硼酸。在另一實施例中,核心10可包括(作為防腐劑)一或多種無甲醛殺生物劑,如本文中所描述。
如先前所論述,根據本發明之吸音磚可視需要包括襯底30。多種材料可用作襯底30,包括未漂白紙、漂白紙、牛皮紙/鋁箔及其類似物。可視需要結合漂白或未漂白紙應用一阻燃背塗層以改良產品表面燃燒特性。該阻燃背塗層可包括多種組份,諸如水、阻燃劑及殺生物劑。襯底30亦可用於改良抗下垂性及/或聲音控制。另外,亦可將一填充塗層或複數個填充塗層應用至襯底30。該填充塗層可包括多種組份,諸如水、填充劑、黏合劑及各種其他添加劑,例如消泡劑、殺生物劑及分散劑。
表面處理20包括由天然或合成聚合物製成之無甲醛乳膠,及一或多種無甲醛殺生物劑。為表面處理20提供薄膜強度之無甲醛乳膠包括並非甲醛散發體的殺生物劑。如本文中所使用,術語"無甲醛乳膠"指不使用甲醛,或不使用能夠產生或散發甲醛(或以上兩者)而製造之乳膠。與本發明保持一致,僅無甲醛殺生物劑包括於無甲醛乳膠中且因此無甲醛乳膠不散發或產生甲醛(作為乾燥之副產物或作為包括於其中之殺生物劑之結果)。用於製造無甲醛乳膠之合適材料包括,(例如):熱塑性合成丙烯酸聚合物,如市售之EI 8764(Rohm & Haas);乙烯基丙烯酸共聚物,如市售之HP 31-316 NF;乙烯、乙烯基氯與乙酸乙烯酯之三聚物;聚乙酸乙烯酯之均聚物,如市售之PD 0062(H.B.Fuller);乙酸乙烯酯與丙烯酸之共聚物,如市售之Polyco3103(Rohm & Haas);苯乙烯與丙烯酸之共聚物,如市售之DL 218NA(Dow Chemical)及Acronal296D(BASF);環氧樹脂聚合物乳液,如市售之Epi-Rez3510-W60(Celanese);聚胺酯;及聚乙烯醇,如市售之Airvol(Air Products);或其組合。其他用於製造無甲醛乳膠之合適材料包括可溶於水之聚合物,例如纖維素醚。合適之纖維素醚包括:甲基纖維素,作為MethocelTM
A(Dow Chemical)及Culminal(Hercules,Inc.)可得;甲基羥乙基纖維素,如市售之TyloseMH300(Shin Etsu);甲基羥基丙基纖維素,如市售之MethocelTM
228(Dow Chemical);羥基丙基纖維素,如市售之Klucel(Hercules,Inc.);羧甲基纖維素鈉,如市售之TyloseC(Shin Etsu)、CMC 7H(Hercules,Inc.)及CellosizeTM
CMC P-75-M(Dow Chemical);及羥乙基纖維素,如市售之Natrosol250 HB R(Hercules,Inc.)、CellosizeTM
WP-09(Dow Chemical)。適用之其他合適之水可溶之天然聚合物包括預膠凝化澱粉(如市售之CalbondTM
(MGP Ingredients,Inc.)),及大豆蛋白衍生之聚合物(如市售之ProCote550及ProCote4200(杜邦(DuPont)大豆聚合物))。如彼等熟習此項技術者將瞭解,無甲醛乳膠可包含一或多種無甲醛乳膠。另外,與本發明保持一致且在進一步減少來自本發明之吸音磚之甲醛散發的努力中,所製造或所供應之無甲醛乳膠不包括散發或產生甲醛的殺生物劑。
表面處理組合物及襯底30皆可使用易於為彼等熟習此項技術者已知且可用之多種技術來應用,此等技術包括(例如):無氣噴塗系統、空氣輔助噴塗系統及其類似技術。表面處理組份及襯底30亦可藉由流動塗佈、洪流塗佈(flood coating)或使用滾塗機來應用。使所得產品乾燥移除用作表面處理組合物或其組份中之任一組份之載劑的任何水及/或溶劑且將聚合物黏合劑轉換為結構式、硬質網路以提供表面處理20。
與本發明保持一致且在減少來自本發明之吸音磚之甲醛散發的努力中,表面處理包括一或多種皆不散發或產生甲醛之殺生物劑作為防腐劑。較佳地,無甲醛殺生物劑係在將乳膠作為表面處理之組份應用至核心之前添加至乳膠中。舉例而言,可在乳膠製造過程期間或甚至在乳膠製造過程之後將無甲醛殺生物劑添加至乳膠中。無甲醛殺生物劑可在乳膠作為表面處理之組份使用之前的運輸及/或儲存期間充當防腐劑。無甲醛殺生物劑可充當本發明之吸音磚之防腐劑。
殺生物劑用以消除或抑制多種活有機體(包括黴菌/黴、真菌、酵母菌、藻類及細菌)。因此,舉例而言,殺生物劑可包括抗微生物劑、抗真菌劑、抗菌劑及其類似試劑。合適之無甲醛殺生物劑包括異噻唑啉-3-酮類,其具有核心結構:
較佳之異噻唑啉-3-酮類包括(例如):1,2-苯幷異噻唑啉-3-酮,如市售之ProxelGXL或ProxelCRL(ARCH Chemicals)、Nalcon200(Nalco)、CanguardTM
BIT(Dow Chemical)及RocimaTM
BT 1S(Rohm & Haas)。其他異噻唑啉-3-酮類包括1,2-苯幷異噻唑啉-3-酮與2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮之摻合物,如市售之ActicideMBS(Acti-Chem)。額外之異噻唑啉-3-酮類包括5-氯基-2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮、2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮,及其摻合物。5-氯基-2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮與2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮之摻合物為市售之KathonTM
LX(Rohm & Haas)、MergalK14(Troy Chemical)及Amerstat251(Drew Chemical)。
另一合適之無甲醛殺生物劑包括1-羥基-2(1H)-吡啶硫酮鋅(如市售之Zinc Omadine(ARCH Chemicals)),且較佳在乾態及濕態下皆有效。1-羥基-2(1H)-吡啶硫酮鋅亦可與氧化鋅一起使用,如市售之Zinc Omadine乳液。其他合適之無甲醛殺生物劑包括:2-正辛基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮,如市售之KathonTM
893及SkaneM-8(Rohm & Haas);及2-(4-噻唑基)-苯幷咪唑,如市售之MetasolTK-100(LanXess)。
該等殺生物劑可經個別地或組合使用,其限制條件為所採用之個別殺生物劑或殺生物劑之組合皆不散發或產生甲醛。類似地,包括於表面處理中之乳膠中且組合於乳膠中及表面處理中之殺生物劑的量不限,其限制條件為該等殺生物劑不散發或產生甲醛。應瞭解:若未將乳膠製成包括殺生物劑,則可在將乳膠黏合劑應用至核心之前,或在乳膠黏合劑包括於表面處理之前將一或多種殺生物劑添加至乳膠黏合劑中。重要的是,任何此殺生物劑或殺生物劑之組合係經選擇使得當使用乳膠時或在乾燥之後,殺生物劑不釋放、散發或產生甲醛。
表面處理20通常包括除無甲醛黏合劑及無甲醛殺生物劑之外的組份。舉例而言,在使表面處理組合物乾燥以形成表面處理20之前,表面處理組合物可分散於諸如水之多種溶劑或載劑中。儘管水為最佳溶劑或載劑,但是可採用多種其他溶劑或載劑。表面處理20亦可包括無數填充劑,其包括(例如):空氣懸浮、水洗或煅燒高嶺黏土;沈澱或乾燥重質碳酸鈣或石灰石;或矽酸鹽,例如雲母、玻璃、陶瓷微球體、長石或霞石正長岩。另外,表面處理20可包括矽藻土、滑石、石膏方解石或氧化鋅。理想地添加該等填充劑(例如)以調整表面處理之色彩、流變力及遮蓋力或不透明度。
另外,可將TiO2
添加至表面處理20以提供亮度及不透明度。表面處理20亦可包括:分散劑,其用於分散各種固體且防止其聚結;增稠劑,其用於塗料保持及擴大應用黏度;界面活性劑;及消泡劑,其用於最小化摻氣。該分散劑、該增稠劑、該界面活性劑、該填充劑及該消泡劑經選擇以便不放射或產生甲醛。
多種分散劑、增稠劑、界面活性劑及消泡劑可用於本發明之無甲醛吸音磚之表面處理中。合適之分散劑包括:焦磷酸四鉀(TKPP)(FMC Corp.)及聚羧酸之鈉鹽,如市售之Tamol731A(Rohm & Haas)。增稠劑之一實例為羥乙基纖維素,如市售之Natrosol(Hercules,Inc.)。一例示性界面活性劑為乙氧基化壬基酚,如市售之IGEPALCO-630(Rhodia Canada,Inc.)。一例示性消泡劑油基消泡劑,如市售之Hi-Mar DFC-19(Hi-Mar Specialties,Inc.)。如熟習此項技術者將瞭解:表面處理組合物可包含分散劑、增稠劑、界面活性劑、填充劑及消泡劑中之每一者中的一或多者。
可採用多種表面處理之調配物。在一個實施例中,表面處理20之調配物包含約30重量百分比至約50重量百分比之水、約40重量百分比至約60重量百分比的填充劑、約2重量百分比至約15重量百分比之TiO2
、約2重量百分比至約20重量百分比之乳膠、約0.25重量百分比至約1.00重量百分比的分散劑、約0.01重量百分比至約1.00重量百分比之增稠劑、約0.05重量百分比至約0.50重量百分比之消泡劑、約0.1重量百分比至約1.0重量百分比的界面活性劑,及約0.01重量百分比至約1.50重量百分比之殺生物劑。更佳地,表面處理20之調配物包含約35重量百分比至約40重量百分比之水、約45重量百分比至約55重量百分比的填充劑、約2重量百分比至約5重量百分比之TiO2
、約3重量百分比至約8重量百分比之乳膠、約0.50重量百分比至約1.00重量百分比的分散劑、約0.01重量百分比至約0.15重量百分比之增稠劑、約0.05重量百分比至約0.20重量百分比之消泡劑、約0.1重量百分比至約0.5重量百分比的界面活性劑,及約0.01重量百分比至約1.10重量百分比之殺生物劑。甚至更佳地,表面處理20之調配物包含約35重量百分比至約38重量百分比之水、約52重量百分比至約57重量百分比的填充劑、約2.50重量百分比至約3.75重量百分比之TiO2
、約5重量百分比至約8重量百分比之乳膠、約0.75重量百分比至約1.00重量百分比的分散劑、約0.05重量百分比至約0.10重量百分比之增稠劑、約0.10重量百分比至約0.15重量百分比之消泡劑、約0.20重量百分比至約0.50重量百分比的界面活性劑,及約0.025重量百分比至約0.60重量百分比之殺生物劑。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種製造一無甲醛吸音磚之方法。該方法包含製備吸音磚核心10及將表面處理組合物應用至核心10以形成表面處理20。該表面處理組合物及表面處理20包含無甲醛乳膠黏合劑及一或多種無甲醛殺生物劑。
以下實例進一步說明本發明,但是(當然)不應被解譯為以任何方式限制本發明之範疇。
在此實例中,製造若干吸音磚且根據標準規範測試甲醛散發。結果提供於實例1-7中。實例1及2提供兩個標準吸音磚之甲醛散發資料。實例3提供包含一核心及一耐火背塗層之吸音磚的甲醛散發資料。實例4提供本發明之包含一核心、一耐火背塗層及一包含無甲醛乳膠之表面處理的吸音磚的甲醛散發資料,其中該無甲醛乳膠包括無甲醛殺生物劑。實例5提供如在實例4中所描述之本發明之吸音磚的甲醛散發資料,但實例5之吸音磚亦包括添加至表面處理組合物之額外殺生物劑。實例6及實例7提供本發明之包含一核心、一耐火背塗層及一包含無甲醛乳膠及無甲醛殺生物劑之表面處理的吸音磚的甲醛散發資料。
實例3中所展示之結果例證:耐火背塗層與核心之組合係如本文中所定義無甲醛,亦即,此實例之吸音磚散發少於2 μg/m3
,其低於標準規範之較低LOQ。實例4例證:包括耐火背塗層、無甲醛乳膠及核心之吸音磚係如本文中所定義無甲醛。實例5、實例6及實例7例證:包括無甲醛殺生物劑作為表面處理之組份的吸音磚亦係如本文中所定義無甲醛。另外,表1中之實例3-7例證:用以製造本發明之吸音磚的組份之組合亦係如本文中所定義無甲醛。實例3-7亦為本發明之較佳實施例之說明,因為此等磚之甲醛散發低於約1 μg/m3
。
本文中所引用之所有參照案(包括公開案、專利申請案及專利)以如每一參照案經個別且特別指示為以引用方式併入本文種且在本文中整體陳述之程度以引用的方式併入本文中。
本文中描述本發明之較佳實施例,包括為發明者已知用於進行本發明之最佳模式。熟習此項技術者在閱讀前述描述以後將顯而易見彼等較佳實施例之變化。發明者預期熟習此項技術者合理使用此等變化,且發明者期望本發明以不同於本文中之特定描述的方式實踐。因此,本發明包括在適用之法律允許附加至本發明之申請專利範圍中所陳述的標的物的所有修改及等效物。此外,除非在本文中另外指出或另外藉由上下文清楚地駁斥,否則本發明涵蓋其所有可能變化中之上述元件的任何組合。
10...吸音磚核心
20...表面處理
30...襯底
圖1為根據本發明之一個態樣之無甲醛吸音磚的示意性表示。
10...吸音磚核心
20...表面處理
30...襯底
Claims (22)
- 一種包含一核心及一表面處理之吸音磚,其中該表面處理包含一應用至該核心之表面處理組合物,且其中該表面處理組合物包含無甲醛之乳膠黏合劑及至少一種無甲醛之殺生物劑。
- 如請求項1之吸音磚,其中該殺生物劑為異噻唑啉-3-酮。
- 如請求項2之吸音磚,其中,該吸音磚包含1-羥基-2(1H)-吡啶硫酮鋅,該核心包含選自由玻璃纖維、礦棉纖維及其混合物組成之群組的纖維,其中該礦棉纖維係選自由渣棉、岩棉、玄武岩礦棉及其混合物組成之群組,其中該核心進一步包含選自由硫酸鈣材料、硼酸、高嶺黏土、瓜爾膠、六偏磷酸鈉及其混合物組成之群組的成份,該磚包含一選自由漂白紙、未漂白紙及牛皮紙/鋁箔組成之群組的襯底,且該表面處理包含黏土填充劑、碳酸鈣填充劑、TiO2 、分散劑及增稠劑。
- 如請求項1之吸音磚,其中該殺生物劑為1,2-苯幷異噻唑啉-3-酮與甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮之組合。
- 如請求項1之吸音磚,其中該無甲醛之合成或天然乳膠黏合劑為:熱塑性合成丙烯酸聚合物之乳液;乙烯、乙烯基氯與乙酸乙烯酯之三聚物;苯乙烯與丙烯酸之共聚物; 乙酸乙烯酯與丙烯酸之共聚物;聚乙酸乙烯酯之均聚物;環氧樹脂聚合物乳液;聚胺酯;聚乙烯醇;澱粉;大豆衍生蛋白質;或其組合。
- 如請求項1之吸音磚,其中該磚為無甲醛的。
- 如請求項6之吸音磚,其中該磚具有低於約1μg/m3 之可量化限制的甲醛釋放或散發。
- 一種包含一核心及一表面處理之吸音磚,其中該表面處理包含一應用至該核心之表面處理組合物,且其中該表面處理組合物係由包含下列之材料形成:約30重量百分比至約50重量百分比之溶劑;約40重量百分比至約60重量百分比之填充劑;約2重量百分比至約15重量百分比之TiO2;約2重量百分比至約20重量百分比之無甲醛乳膠;約0.25重量百分比至約1.00重量百分比之分散劑;約0.01重量百分比至約1.00重量百分比之增稠劑;約0.10重量百分比至約1.00重量百分比之界面活性劑;約0.05重量百分比至約0.50重量百分比之消泡劑;及約0.01重量百分比至約1.50重量百分比之無甲醛殺生 物劑。
- 如請求項8之吸音磚,其中該殺生物劑為異噻唑啉-3-酮。
- 如請求項8之吸音磚,其中該殺生物劑為1,2-苯幷異噻唑啉-3-酮與甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮之組合。
- 如請求項8之吸音磚,其中該核心包含選自由玻璃纖維、礦棉纖維及其混合物組成之群組的纖維,其中該礦棉纖維係選自由渣棉、岩棉、玄武岩礦棉、及其混合物組成之群組,其中該核心進一步包含選自由硫酸鈣材料、硼酸、高嶺黏土、瓜爾膠、六偏磷酸鈉及其混合物組成之群組的成份,該磚包含一選自由漂白紙、未漂白紙及牛皮紙/鋁箔組成之群組的襯底。
- 如請求項8之吸音磚,其進一步包含1-羥基-2(1H)-吡啶硫酮鋅。
- 如請求項8之吸音磚,其中該磚為無甲醛的。
- 如請求項13之吸音磚,其中該磚具有低於約1μg/m3 之可量化限制的甲醛釋放或散發。
- 一種製造一吸音磚之方法,其中該方法包含製備一吸音磚核心及將一表面處理應用至該核心,其中該表面處理包含無甲醛之合成或天然乳膠黏合劑及至少一種無甲醛之殺生物劑。
- 如請求項15之製造該吸音磚之方法,其中該核心包含選自由玻璃纖維、礦棉纖維及其混合物組成之群組的纖 維,其中該礦棉纖維係選自由渣棉、岩棉、玄武岩礦棉、及其混合物組成之群組,其中該核心進一步包含一選自由硫酸鈣材料、硼酸、高嶺黏土、瓜爾膠、六偏磷酸鈉及其混合物組成之群組的成份,該磚包含一襯底,其中該襯底係選自由漂白紙、未漂白紙及牛皮紙/鋁箔組成之群組。
- 如請求項15之製造該吸音磚之方法,其中該表面處理進一步包含1-羥基-2(1H)-吡啶硫酮鋅。
- 如請求項15之製造該吸音磚之方法,其中該表面處理進一步包含黏土填充劑、碳酸鈣填充劑、TiO2 、分散劑及增稠劑。
- 如請求項15之製造該吸音磚之方法,其中該無甲醛之合成或天然乳膠黏合劑為:熱塑性合成丙烯酸聚合物之乳液;乙烯、乙烯基氯與乙酸乙烯酯之三聚物;苯乙烯與丙烯酸之共聚物;乙酸乙烯酯與丙烯酸之共聚物;聚乙酸乙烯酯之均聚物;環氧樹脂聚合物乳液;聚胺酯;聚乙烯醇;澱粉;大豆衍生蛋白質;或其組合。
- 如請求項19之製造該吸音磚之方法,其中該無甲醛之殺生物劑為1,2-苯幷異噻唑啉-3-酮、甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮,或其組合。
- 如請求項15之製造該吸音磚之方法,其中該磚為無甲醛的。
- 如請求項21之製造該吸音磚之方法,其中該磚具有低於約1μg/m3 之可量化限制的甲醛釋放或散發。
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| US80975706P | 2006-05-31 | 2006-05-31 | |
| US11/747,141 US8309231B2 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2007-05-10 | Acoustical tile |
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| TWI420013B true TWI420013B (zh) | 2013-12-21 |
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| JP (1) | JP5376325B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR101433043B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN103790249B (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2654003C (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX341483B (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO342454B1 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2469156C2 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TWI420013B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2007142955A2 (zh) |
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2007
- 2007-05-10 US US11/747,141 patent/US8309231B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-05-30 EP EP07795480.8A patent/EP2029825B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2007-05-30 JP JP2009513249A patent/JP5376325B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-05-30 MX MX2008015103A patent/MX341483B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2007-05-30 WO PCT/US2007/012720 patent/WO2007142955A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-05-30 CA CA2654003A patent/CA2654003C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-05-30 CN CN201410070093.5A patent/CN103790249B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-05-30 RU RU2008152822/03A patent/RU2469156C2/ru active
- 2007-05-30 KR KR1020087029253A patent/KR101433043B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-05-31 TW TW96119622A patent/TWI420013B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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2008
- 2008-11-11 NO NO20084751A patent/NO342454B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2014-11-12 US US14/539,007 patent/USRE46131E1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2029825A4 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
| NO20084751L (no) | 2008-12-16 |
| MX2008015103A (es) | 2009-04-27 |
| RU2469156C2 (ru) | 2012-12-10 |
| CN103790249B (zh) | 2016-09-21 |
| KR101433043B1 (ko) | 2014-08-22 |
| KR20090025216A (ko) | 2009-03-10 |
| US8309231B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 |
| RU2008152822A (ru) | 2010-07-10 |
| EP2029825A2 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
| WO2007142955A3 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
| WO2007142955A2 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
| NO342454B1 (no) | 2018-05-22 |
| MX341483B (es) | 2016-08-22 |
| CA2654003C (en) | 2016-01-19 |
| CN103790249A (zh) | 2014-05-14 |
| CA2654003A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
| JP5376325B2 (ja) | 2013-12-25 |
| EP2029825B1 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
| TW200804655A (en) | 2008-01-16 |
| USRE46131E1 (en) | 2016-08-30 |
| US20070277948A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
| JP2009539004A (ja) | 2009-11-12 |
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