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TWI495221B - 無線充電系統及其遠方裝置與方法 - Google Patents

無線充電系統及其遠方裝置與方法 Download PDF

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TWI495221B
TWI495221B TW098123168A TW98123168A TWI495221B TW I495221 B TWI495221 B TW I495221B TW 098123168 A TW098123168 A TW 098123168A TW 98123168 A TW98123168 A TW 98123168A TW I495221 B TWI495221 B TW I495221B
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circuit
storage capacitor
charge storage
power supply
charging
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TW201018042A (en
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大衛 W 巴曼
海 D 阮
約書亞 B 泰勒
約書亞 K 斯華尼克
馬修 J 諾寇
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通路實業集團國際公司
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    • H02J7/42
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/70Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/79Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Description

無線充電系統及其遠方裝置與方法
本申請案請求2008年七月9日提伸之美國專利申請案第61/079301號之權益,該案在此併入以供參考其全部內容。
本案係有關無線電源供應系統,尤其是用於無線式充電一電子裝置的系統。
隨著使用電池操作的可攜式電子裝置的持續成長,對於習知電池充電器所伴隨之問題的關懷也在增加中。電池操作的可攜式電子裝置通常是給予一電池充電器,用於再充電該電池。許多習知的電池充電器包含一電源線,其係插入位在電子裝置的電源輸入埠。這種電池充電器的設計,包含電源規格及插頭構形,典型地在各個裝置之間係不同的,以致於一裝置的電池充電器係不可能合適地對另一裝置的電池進行充電操作。習知有線電池充電器的電線係不悅目的,及傾於自身地纏結或與其他充電器之電線纏結。有線的充電器也相對地較不方便,因為每一次充電該裝置時,使用者均需要插入及拔出該電線。
為了克服上述及其他伴隨有線電池充電器之問題,在可攜式電子裝置中使用無線式充電系統進行電池充電,係有成長之傾向。無線式充電系統提供數個優點。例如,其去除充電器電線在收集時所產生之不悅目的雜亂感,及使用者無需從充電器上拔插該裝置。
雖然無線充電系統相對於有線充電器有著顯著的改良,但它們持續遭受著某些不方便。例如,起因於電池本質中本有的限制,習知的電池充電器係以相對較慢的速率進行充電。結果,已經消耗電池的裝置在能夠再次使用之前,必需保留在其充電器上相對較長的期間。當 裝置保留在充電器上一段較長的時間而無法使用,是一種明顯的缺點。
本發明提供一具有無線充電系統之電池操作的遠方遙控器,該系統具有一感應式電源供應器及一二級電源電路,其具有一電荷儲存電容器及一充電次電路,其使用儲存在電荷儲存電容器中的電力,對該電池進行充電。在操作時,該二級電源電路無線地接收來自該感應式電源供應器的電力及迅速地充電該電容器。該充電次電路使用來自該電荷儲存電容器中的電力,以適合電池充電的速率,對該電池進行充電。因為電力係儲存在電容器中,即使該遠方裝置係從感應式電源供應器上被移除之後,電池充電也能夠持續進行。
在一實施例中,該電荷儲存電容器係電連接到該遠方遙控器的電子裝置中,以致於該遠方遙控器能夠使用儲存在電荷儲存電容器中的電力加以操作。電荷儲存電容器可為單一的超電容器,或其可為一排多重電容器,例如,一串聯的或並聯的超電容器裝置。
在一實施例中,充電系統包含一通訊系統,用於從二級電路至感應式電源供應器進行充電資訊的連通。該充電資訊可包含,例如,操作參數或資料,其允許感應式電源供應器決定操作參數。例如,二級電路可指出:供應到二級電源電路之電力係處於可供充電該電容器之充足範圍之內的時刻,及電容器完全充電的時刻,或電容器需要額外充電的時刻。
在一實施例中,二級電路包含一充電電路,其連接該電容器及該電池。充電電路可以只是一電路連接器,其連接該電容器及該電池。可替換地,充電電路可為較複雜的充電電路,例如,一合適的二極體,以避免電池漏電到電容器,或一併入一積體電路中的充電控制電路。
在一可替換的實施例中,本發明係併入一簡單的類比充電系統中。在本實施例中,二級電路供應電力給予電容器,一直到電容器到達一預定的電壓為止。一旦電容器到達該電壓,一充電開關係加以開啟而打開從二級電路到電容器之通道。該電路持續開啟,直到電容器的電壓下降回到該預定的值,例如,在電容器中充足量的電力已經消耗於充電該電池之後。
在另一觀點中,本發明提供一迅速充電一遠方遙控器之電池的方法。該方法包含以下一般步驟:1)在一感應式電源供應器中產生一電磁場;2)將一具有二級電源電路的遠方裝置安放在該電磁場中而在該二級電源電路中感應出電力;3)使用該感應出的電力,對該二級電源電路中的一電荷儲存電容器進行迅速充電;及4)使用儲存在該電荷儲存電容器中的電力,對該遠方裝置的電池進行充電。
在一實施例中,該方法包括以下步驟:1)從該二級電源電路傳輸充電資訊到該感應式電源供應器;及2)基於接收自該二級電源電路之充電資訊,調整該感應式電源供應器之操作。在一實施例中,感應式電源供應器係基於該充電資訊而調整其操作頻率。在另一實施例中,感應式電源供應器係基於該充電資訊而調整工作循環。感應式電源供應器係基於該充電資訊而調整輸入導軌電壓。
本發明提供一適合用於遠方控制系統及其他電池操作之電子裝置的簡單而有效的無線充電系統。因為電荷儲存電容器的充電,係遠遠地快過於習知的再充電電池,所以電荷儲存電容器比電池更能迅速地充電。結果,本發明允許二級電源電路快速地儲存電力,以便至少短期內操作電子裝置。再者,該通訊系統允許感應式電源供應器修改其操作參數,例如,操作頻率及/或工作循環,而提供有效的操作。此外,因為允許遠方裝置本身可由感應式電源供應器加以辨識及激發感應式充電,通訊系統有助於交互操作能力(interoperability)。
本發明這些以及其他的目的、優點及特徵,在參照目前的實施例及圖式之下,可更加完全地加以理解。
I. 概述
參照第一圖,遠方控制系統10係具有一個依照本發明一實施例的感應充電系統。該系統通常包含一感應式電源供應器12及一電池操作的遠方遙控器14。該感應式電源供應器12產生一能夠無線式地傳輸電力給予遠方遙控器14之電磁場。該遠方遙控器14包含一二級電源供應電路60,其能夠接收電力,並存有合適之電磁場之下,將它以合適的形式加以傳輸。二級電路60中所感應的電力係迅速地儲存在一電荷儲存電容器72中。電荷儲存電容器72所儲存的電力,在一適合電池充電的延長時限下用於充電該電池100。因此,電力可以迅速地儲存在該電荷儲存電容器72中,即使在遠方裝置14係從該感應式電源供應器12上移除之後,也可持續使用該電力對電池100進行充電。在某些應用中,儲存在電荷儲存電容器72中的電力係可用於提供一短期的電力給予該遠方遙控器14。例如,在某些應用中,遠方遙控器14係可能直接地從電荷儲存電容器72中汲取電力。在這類實施例中,相較於只依賴電池充電的系統,該遠方遙控器14能夠更加快速地充電至足以作動。
II 結構
如前文所述,該遠方控制系統10包含一感應式電源供應器12,其產生一電磁場,能夠在一合適的遠方裝置中(如遠方遙控器14)感應出電力。雖然係相關於一具體感應式電源供應器12進行描述,本發明係可加以構形,而基本可上連同任何能夠傳輸該必要電力之感應式電源供應器一起使用。現在參照第一圖,所示實施例之感應式電源供應 器12通常包含一控制器32及一槽路34。本實施例的控制器32係能夠以不同的操作頻率供應電力給予該槽路34,其允許控制器32改變提供到遠方遙控器14之電力。在可更換的實施例中,控制器32係能夠改變其工作循環,而不是(或者除此之外)該操作頻率。本實施例的槽路34係一串接的共振槽路,具有一初級線圈16及一電容器38。可替換地,槽路34可為其他形式之共振或非振的槽路,例如,並接的共振槽路。本實施例的感應式電源供應器12,從一外部的DC電源供應器22接收電力。該外部的DC電源供應器22可為習知的DC電源供應器,其能夠接收110AC的輸入及提供19V DC的輸出。
依照本發明一實施例之感應式電源供應器12的電路圖係示於第第二A~E圖中。雖未示於第二A~E圖,感應式電源供應器12係在VIN之下從一外部DC電源供應器22(見第一圖)接收電力。感應式電源供應器12通常包含控制器32、記憶體40、電源供應器42、計時器44、IRDA次電路46、埠48、驅動電子50a~b、FETs 52a~b、初級線圈16、槽電容38、電流感測變壓器次電路54、LED56及LED電源次電路58。電源供應器42提供DC電力給予控制器32及其他電路元件,及可為一習知的DC/DC電源供應器,其將VIN轉變成合適的DC電壓VCC。若需要的話,電源供應器42的輸出可經由一濾波電容器43裝置而提供至控制器32。記憶體40可用於儲存感應式電源供應器12之操作程式及操作參數等等。記憶體40可為任何合適的記憶體,但在所示之實施例中,其為64k的習知EEPROM。該電路可包含一外部的計時器44,以便提供改良的準確度(相較於內建的整合在控制器32上的RC恒速計時器)。該外部計時器42可為一習知的石英振盪計時器。控制器32的輸出,控制訊號到達驅動電路51,其控制開關電路53的定時。該驅動電路51包含驅動電子50a~b,及該開關電路53包含FETs 52a~b。控制訊號對於驅動電子50a~b之定時,控制FETs 52a~b之定時,因而 控制槽路34的操作頻率。更具體地說,控制訊號藉由驅動電子50a~b加以放大到一充足的量而操作FETs 52a~b。控制器32產生控制訊號,其交互地開啟及關閉FETs 52a~b,進而在所想要的操作頻率之下,交互地連接槽路34至VIN或接地。控制器32可改變控制訊號之定時,而改變感應式電源供應器12之操作頻率及/或工作循環。
在所示之實施例中,初級線圈16係一金屬絲的線圈,例如李支線。初級線圈16的特徵(如金屬絲尺寸、金屬絲種類、繞數、線圈形狀),在各應用之中係可改變,以取得所想要的功能。初級線圈16可為基本上任何能夠產生一磁場的元件。例如,初級線圈16可由印刷電路板或沖壓線圈(stamped coil)加以取代。
所示實施例的槽電容器38係加以選擇而具有一電容量,其在耦合到初級線圈16時,以一共振頻或接近於預期範圍的操作頻率,提供至該槽路。需要時,槽電容器38的特徵可在各應用中加以改變。
電流感測變壓器次電路54係耦合至該槽路34而提供訊號給予控制器32,其係槽路34內電流的指示。在所示的實施例中,電流感測變壓器次電路54包含一電流感測變壓器55,其輸出在到達控制器32之前,係通過多重的調節及濾波元件,如第二A~E圖所示。電流感測變壓器55的輸出可由控制器32加以使用,對電磁場所承載之資料訊號進行解調(其更詳細地述於下文),並指出錯誤情況,如過量的電流消耗(current draw)。在錯誤的情況下,控制器32可採取補救措施,例如,藉由系統停機或者改變其操作參數而補救錯誤情況。
所示的實施例包含一可選用的IRDA次電路46及一可選用的可程式埠48。IRDA次電路46及埠48係可選用的,用於程式化或升級該控制器32。IRDA次電路46允許控制器32使用習知的IRDA通訊而加以程式化或者升級,而埠48允許該控制器32經由一插入式的連接 而加以程式化或升級。
遠方遙控器14係一電池操作的遠方控制器,其包含一二級電源電路60,其接收來自該感應式電源供應器12的電力及使用該電力而對一電荷儲存電容器72進行快速充電。例如,在一實施例中,該遠方遙控器14可為一電視遙控器,用於無線式地改變電視之頻道。二級電源電路60利用儲存在該電荷儲存電容器72中的電力,在一合適的時限下,對遠方遙控器14之電池100進行充電。在所示之實施例中,二級電源電路60通常包含一二級線圈62、一整流器64、一充電開關66、一電流感測放大器次電路68、一電壓感測次電路70、一電荷儲存電容器72、一VCC調整器次電路74、一電壓升高次電路76、一開關驅動器次電路78、一控制器80、一通訊次電路82、一溫度感測次電路84、及一A/D電壓參考次電路86。在所示的實施例中,二級線圈62通常係一習知的中心分接的金屬絲線圈,例如李支線圈。二級線圈62的特徵(例如金屬絲尺寸、金屬絲種類、繞數、線圈形狀),在各應用中係可不同,以取得所想要的功能。二級線圈基本上可為任何元件,其可在電磁場存有之下(如感應式電源供應器12所生之場),感應出一電壓。例如,二級線圈62可由一印刷電路板線圈,或者沖壓線圈,加以取代。整流器64對於二級線圈62中所感應的AC電源加以整流,以提供DC電流。整流器64基本上可為任何能夠將AC電源轉變成DC電源之整流器,但在所示之實施例中,其為一全波整流器,具有兩個二極體88a~b。充電開關66係可操作而選擇性地控制由整流器64供應到電荷儲存電容器72之DC電流。充電開關66可為一FET,其藉由開關驅動器次電路78的操作而開啟及關閉。開關驅動器次電路78基本上可為任何能夠控制充電開關66之操作的驅動器。在所示的實施例中,開關驅動器次電路78與電壓升高次電路76進行合作,而操作充電開關66。所示實施例之開關驅動器次電路78包含一電晶體90,其由來自 控制器80之訊號加以啟動。當電晶體90關閉時,電壓升高次電路76之輸出下降至接地,因而開啟充電開關66。在所示實施例中,電壓升高次電路76係一習知的倍壓器,其將來自二級線圈62之AC電壓轉變成更高的DC電壓。電壓升高次電路76之輸出係由開關驅動器次電路78加以使用而操作充電開關66。電流感測放大器次電路68測量被施加到電荷儲存電容器72中的電流。
二級電源電路60包含電流感測及電壓感測的電路。第三A~B圖中圖示一二級電源電路60之實施例。這些次電路提供輸入以進行多種操作,但主要係用於控制在充電期間被施加到電荷儲存電容器72中的電流量,及決定電荷儲存電容器72完全充電的時刻。所示實施例的電流感測放大器次電路68通常係一習知的次電路,其具有一操作的放大器,其功效在於測量橫跨電阻92之電壓降。電流感測放大器次電路68的輸出係供應至控制器80。電壓感測次電路70測量被施加到電荷儲存電容器72中的電壓。電壓感測次電路70可為任何能夠提供輸出以指示出被施加到電容器中的電壓之電路。在所示實施例中,電壓感測次電路70包含一FET94,在電荷儲存電容器72未被充電時,選擇性地使次電路70失效。這樣在電荷儲存電容器72未被充電時,避免過量的電力經由電壓感測次電路70從電荷儲存電容器72被汲取。電壓感測次電路70也包含一分壓器,其用於調整電壓至適合輸入控制器80之範圍。
電荷儲存電容器72可為一單一的電容器,或為一排電容器。例如,第十圖圖示多數個串接的電容器72a~c。另一例子中,第十一圖圖示多數個並接的電容器72a~c。電容器72a~c的特徵在各個應用之間係可改變,主要是取決於電力需求及包裝限制。在所示的實施例中,電荷儲存電容器72係為超電容器、超高電容器或者電化學雙層電容器。在某些應用中,電荷儲存電容器72可為一或更多的習知的電解電容 器。
如上文所述,二級電源電路60包含一VCC調整器次電路74,以提供適合操作控制器80及其他元件之電壓水準的DC電壓。VCC調整器次電路74基本上可為任何能夠提供所要的DC輸出之次電路。
二級電源電路60包含一A/D電壓參考次電路86。次電路86基本上可為任何能夠產生一穩定頻電壓的次電路。在所示的實施例中,A/D電壓參考次電路86包含一IC93,用於產生參考電壓。可更換的是,如果VCC調整器次電路74係加以構形而提供充足穩定的電壓,則A/D電壓參考次電路86可加以省略。
二級電源電路60也可包含一溫度感測次電路84,其監視二級電路內的溫度,及提供溫度讀數給予控制器80。當溫度讀數超過預定的數值時,控制可停止二級電源電路60作用。
二級電源電路60藉由一充電電路102而耦合至一電池100。在使用時,電池100提供電力給予遠方遙控器14進行遠方控制的功能。充電電路102基本上可為任何能夠使用儲存在電荷儲存電容器72中的電荷而充電電池100的電路。在一實施例中,充電電路102為一簡單的電連接器,其連接電池至電荷儲存電容器72及接地。在另一實施例中,充電電路102包含一二極體,被安置在電荷儲存電容器72及電池100之間。在另一實施例中,充電電路102可包含一電池充電IC。有多種電池充電IC係商業上有售販的。例如,鋰離子充電IC係商售之依照習知鋰離子充電特性對電池100加以充電者。
如更加詳細地描述於下文者,通訊次電路82係加以設計而產生電磁場所承載之資料通訊。一般而言,通訊次電路82藉由選擇性地施加一負載(以代表資料的式樣)至二級線圈而進行通訊。在所示的實施例中,通訊次電路82包含一FET96及一形式為電阻98之通訊負載。在 操作時,控制器80選擇性地啟動FET96而施加及移除該電阻98。該負載之出現及消失,係經由反射阻抗而傳輸至一級電路,接著影響槽路中的電流。例如,在二級電路增加負載,典型地造成槽路中電流增加。如果通訊次電路中的負載係明顯地充足的,藉由監視槽路中的電流,該一級電路將能夠分辨二級電路中是否存有通訊次電路。通訊電路負載之開及關的模式,可用於產生一二元資料流,其可由一級電路加以辨識,如更詳細地於下文中討論者。雖然所示的實施例包含一通訊系統,其經由電磁場傳輸資料,但是該系統10可包含可更換的通訊系統,例如,不經由電磁場傳輸資料的通訊系統。例如,該系統可使用外部的通訊系統,如藍芽、無線區域網路(WiFi)或一第二對的電磁場線圈。
III 操作
在所示的實施例中,感應式電源供應器12的操作方法通常包含以下步驟:1)決定一可相容的遠方遙控器之存在時刻:2)一旦可相容的遠方遙控器出現,立即傳輸電力:3)調整操作,以回應來自該遠方遙控器之回饋:4)一旦該遠方遙控器已經充電,立即停止感應式電力傳輸。所示的操作方法包含多個可選用的步驟,其提供改良的效率或改良的性能。需要時,操作方法可在各應用中加以改變,其中包含去除可選用的步驟。
參照第四圖,現在描述所示實施例之感應式電源供應器12之操作方法200。可相容的遠方遙控器不存在時,為了降低系統10的能源消耗,電源供應器12之操作方法包含一”偵測”方法(pinging process),以決定一合適之遠方遙控器14存在該電磁場中的時刻。如第四圖所示,藉由周期性地施加一相對地較小量的電力進入槽路34,感應式電源供應器進入一偵測階段202。每一偵測中的電量典型地係足以使一電池100已消耗的遠方遙控器產生一回饋訊號,以便指認出其存在於電磁場中。可更換地,該偵測可包含較小量的電力,及該電力可經過 一段時間而收集在電荷儲存電容器72或電池100中,最終提供充足的電力給予該遠方遙控器14,使其本身可供感應式電源供應器12加以辨識。回饋訊號及其他通訊的本質及內容係更詳細地討論於下文。感應式電源供應器12監視槽路34中的電流,用於進行遠方裝置14的通訊,而決定可相容的控制14係存在204的時刻。如上文所述,控制器32係經由電流感測變壓器次電路54進行監視通訊。
當接收到一通訊訊號指示出可相容的遠方遙控器14已存在時,感應式電源供應器12以一具體的起動頻,開始對電源傳輸器206進行感應。這個起動頻可儲存在感應式電源供應器12內的記憶體中,或其可藉由遠方遙控器14連通至感應式電源供應器12,例如,在遠方裝置為回應偵測所生之回饋訊號之內。
感應式電源供應器12持續地以起動頻對於電源傳輸器進行感應一段具體的時間。該時間可儲存在感應式電源供應器12內的記憶體中,或其可藉由遠方遙控器14連通至感應式電源供應器12。例如,該時間的長度可植入遠方遙控器14為回應偵測所生之回饋訊號之內。該具體時間之後,如果感應式電源供應器12並未接收到來自遠方遙控器14之回饋訊號,感應式電源供應器12將調整操作頻率以增加供應到遠方遙控器14之電力。在所示的實施例中,感應式電源供應器12在槽路34共振頻之上進行操作(見第六圖)。因此,頻率下降使感應式電源供應器12更加地接近共振,及增加提供至遠方遙控器14的電力,其可見於第六圖,對於逐漸增高之頻率A、B、C、D進行功率位準之比較。結果,若在延遲時間結束時未接收到回饋訊號,感應式電源供應器12將降低其操作頻率210。在第六圖所示的電力/頻率曲線中,頻率沿著正X方向移動而漸增,電力沿著正Y方向移動而漸增。
另一方面,假使由遠方遙控器14收到一回饋訊號,感應式電源供應器12分析該回饋訊號以決定訊號的內容。如果回饋訊號指引感應 式電源供應器12停止充電212,則感應式電源供應器12停止感應式電力傳輸214及回到偵測階段202。
若未收到,感應式電源供應器12分析該回饋訊號及依照該通訊調整感應式電源供應器12。在所示的實施例中,系統10嘗試供應一固定量的電力給予電荷儲存電容器72。如下詳述,二級電路60監視施加至該電荷儲存電容器72的電力並提供一回饋訊號,其允許感應式電源供應器12改變其操作而提供所要的電力。在這個實施例中,感應式電源供應器12增加其電力直到二級電路60指示出該電力已到達想要的水準。然後,二級電路60提供一回饋訊號,其指引感應式電源供應器停止增加其功率位準。因為這個實施例調整操作頻率至控制功率位準,所以該回饋訊號基本上指引感應式電源供應器停止增加其操作頻率。感應式電源供應器12增加216其操作頻率,及在一具體延遲217時間之後回到步驟208。感應式電源供應器12將持續增加其操作頻率直到二級電路60停止供應回饋訊號,該訊號係指示出電力係在所要充電水準或之上,或電荷儲存電容器72係完全地充電。在調整之間的延遲長度及調整的尺度,在各應用之間係可依需要而不同。這些值可儲存在感應式電源供應器12的初始記憶體中,或藉由遠方遙控器14連通至感應式電源供應器12。例如,該延遲可植入遠方裝置為回應偵測所生之回饋訊號之內。
如所能見到的,在本實施例中,回饋訊號驅動感應式電源供應器12的操作。如果沒收到回饋訊號,感應式電源供應器12周期性地及重複地下降該操作頻率(如步驟208及210)。如果回饋訊號指示出,充電的電力係處在所想要的值,則感應式電源供應器12周期性地及重複地增加該操作頻率(如步驟208及216)。如果回饋訊號指示出,電荷儲存電容器72係完全地充電,則感應式電源供應器12停止感應式電力傳輸214及回到偵測階段202(如步驟208、212及214)。依照這個方式,感應式電源供應器12保持在一低電力偵測狀態之下,直到可相容的遠 方遙控器14(或其他遠方裝置)係出現時為止。然後感應式電源供應器12感應式地供應電力至遠方遙控器14,調整其操作參數,基方來自遠方遙控器14的回饋維持一相對較為穩定的功率位準,直到電容器係完全地充電為止。
二級電源電路60的操作方法250主要係參照第五圖而加以描述。一般而言,二級電源電路60從感應式電源供應器12接收電力及利用該電力對於電荷儲存電容器72進行充電。二級電源電路60使用電荷儲存電容器72內的電力對電池100充電,及可從該電容器汲取電力用於操作遠方遙控器14。二級電源電路60監視充電過程及傳輸回饋訊號給予感應式電源供應器12以控制感應式電源供應器12的操作參數。
存有感應式電源供應器12所傳輸的偵測下,二級電源電路60”甦醒”。甦醒後,二級電源電路60傳送252一辨識訊號回到感應式電源供應器12。如本文他處所述,感應式電源供應器12藉由選擇式地施加通訊負載98給予二級線圈62而產生回饋訊號。控制器80選擇性地開啟及關閉FET96,依照通訊協定在電磁場上產生一資料流(詳如下述)。在所示的實施例中,資料係以資料包傳輸至感應式電源供應器12。在產生資料包之前,控制器80使電荷儲存電容器72從二級線圈62上解連接。二級電源電路60經由開關驅動器次電路78而從電荷儲存電容器72上解除連接。控制器80輸出一訊號,其關閉電晶體90,因而將電壓升高次電路76的輸出下降至接地,然後打開充電開關66。一旦打開後,電荷儲存電容器72係有效地與二級線圈62和通訊負載98進行隔離。充電開關66維持開啟一段充足的時間以傳送資料包。在資料包傳輸之後,充電開關66再次關閉,允許電力流動至電荷儲存電容器72。如上文所述,感應式電源供應器12藉由開啟感應式電源供應器而回應該辨識訊號。
在感應式電源供應器進行時,二級電源電路60周期性地或持續地監視254電荷儲存電容器72的電壓,及周期性地或持續地監視256該開始施加到電容器72的電流。更具體地說,電壓感測次電路70提供指示出電荷儲存電容器72電壓的訊號給予控制器80。如果所感測的電壓係在最大電容器258或之上,二級電源電路60傳送一資料包260至感應式電源供應器12,指示出電荷儲存電容器72係完全地充電,如上文所述,這樣造成感應式電源供應器停止電力傳輸,及回到偵測狀態。”完全充電”的資料包被傳送時,充電開關66被打開。如果所感測到的電壓未在最大電容器或之上,控制器80基於來自電流感測放大器次電路68及電壓感測次電路70的訊號,計算電容器充電電力262。如果電力係在所要的充電電力264或之上,二級供應電路60傳送一資料包266給予感應式電源供應器12,指示出該電力係在所要的值或之上。再次地,在資料包開始傳送時,充電開關被打開。”位在充電電力”的資料包,依照以下的通訊方法而加以傳輸。如前文所述,感應式電源供應器12藉由增加其操作頻率而回應該資料包,其應將操作頻率移動而遠離共振,並降低施加到二級線圈62的電力。二級電源電路60將持續地周期性地傳送”位在充電電力”的訊號一段時間,只要所計算的電力維持在預定的充電電力或之上。
一旦充電電力下降到所要門檻之下,二級電源電路60停止傳輸”位在充電電力”的訊號。缺乏該訊號,造成感應式電源供應器12開始周期性地及重複地下降該操作頻率,因而一連串地增加電容器充電電力,直到再次到達所要的門檻為止。如能見到者,所示實施例的二級電源電路60產生回饋訊號,其指引感應式電源供應器12調整操作參數,維持一所想要的電容器充電電力,及一旦電荷儲存電容器72完全地充電,停止感應式電力傳輸。
在所示的實施例中,供應到二級線圈的電力係經由調整供應到槽 路34之電力的操作頻率而改變。若需要的話,操作頻率的調整係可由其他的電力變更機制加以取代或補充。例如,感應式電源供應器可加以構形而藉由改變被施加到槽34之訊號的工作循環而控制電力(而非或除了改變操作頻率)。在該頻率保持穩定時,輸入DC電壓導軌可加以改變。
如上文所述,所示實施例的二級電源電路60傳送通訊至感應式電源供應器12,其在感應式電源供應器12的某些操作觀點之控制上係有用的。本發明基本上可使用任何能夠提供通訊從二級電源電路60至感應式電源供應器12的通訊系統。在所示的實施例中,通訊係以回饋訊號形式加以傳送,其係承載在電磁場之上。這允許通訊由二級線圈60通過而到達初級線圈16,因而去除額外通訊元件的需要。將通訊植入電磁場的方法可在各應用中有所不同,但所示實施例的通訊系統係使用數位二相編碼及反向散射模組技術。在本應用中,藉由反向散射模組,資料加以模組化至二級電源電路60所生的RF場。這可藉由打開及關閉相對較重負載(電阻98)至二級線圈62而經由通訊次電路82加以取得。該負載之開及關造成二級電源電路60阻抗的改變,其藉由反射該阻抗而傳輸至初級線圈16。反射阻抗的改變係在感應式電源供應器側上加以偵測,如同槽路34中的電流改變。訊號量的增加係由第七圖之區域120及122加以圖示。藉由監視槽路34中的電流,感應式電源供應器12能夠對電磁場所承載之資料訊號進行解模組。因此,通訊次電路82產生一放大的模組化訊號,其用於傳送資料從二級電源電路60至感應式電源供應器12。
本發明基本上可使用任何用於編碼資料位元的方法。在所示的實施例中,二級電源電路60使用差速二相編碼技術產生資料位元。這個技術係以變異為基礎,及每一計時器緣上產生一邊緣。藉由計時器周期中點上變異之有無而決定資料位元。如果在計時器周期中點上發生 變異,資料位元係為”1”,若沒有則為”0”。因為該編碼技術係以變異為基礎,所以其與資料模組化所用的0s及1s係極性不相關的。可使用標準化的異步串聯格式(asynchronous serial format)進行資料位元組的格式化:1起始位元;8資料位元(LSB第一),1奇數同位位元,及1停止位元。在這個實施例中,起始位元為”0”及停止位元為”1”。第八圖係使用變異二相編碼所編碼之資料的代表性說明。在所示的實施例中,資料以封包格式由二級電源電路60傳送到感應式電源供應器12。封包可由以下組成:前文、標頭位元組、(可選用的)酬載位元組(payload bytes)、及檢查位元組(見第九圖)。每一位元組可由第九圖所示之11個位元加以組成。在這個實施例中,整個封包,包含前文,係最多31個位元組之長度。前文允許感應式電源供應器與即將到來的資料進行同步化,及允許精確的決定資料第一位元組的起始位元。這個實施例的前文可由至少三個位元加以組成(本例中均為1),但在本實施中只能11個位元長,而允許標準的UART驅動通訊及傳送該前文。標頭係一單獨的位元組,其定義封包的種類。封包種類場可用於決定封包的長度。酬載包含與封包連通的主要資料。封包類型可指定酬載的內容及尺寸。封包可包含一檢查位元組,作為所接收資料位元組之生效方法。檢查位元組可附加至每一封包的末端而允許誤差檢查。該檢查位元組可藉由從標頭以上所有的位元組及最後酬載位元組的”排他性OR-ing”加以產生。所示的實施例中,前文並未包含檢查位元組計算。雖然本發明係相關於具體通訊系統進行描述,本發明基本上可使用任何適合用於連通資料由二級電源電路60至感應式電源供應器12。
在某些應用中,該通訊系統可一併去除。例如,本發明可由一簡單的類比電路加以實施,其中充電控制係單獨在二級電源電路中執行。現在參照第十二圖,二級電源電路60’的類比實施通常包含一二級線圈62’、一二極體64’(作為整流用)、一充電開關66’、一電流感測放 大器次電路68’、電壓感測次電路70’、電荷儲存電容器72’、電池100’及一充電電路102’。操作時,二級線圈62’感應式地接收來自感應式電源供應器(未示)的電力。所感應的電流係受到二極體64’加以整流。經過整流的電力可施加到電荷儲存電容器72’,此取決於充電開關66’的狀態。充電開關66’係經由電壓感測次電路70’的操作而開啟及關閉。當電荷儲存電容器72’係完全地充電時,電壓感測次電路70’打開充電開關66’,基本上使電荷儲存電容器72’從電壓感測次電路70’上解除連接。當電荷儲存電容器72’係未完全地充電時,電壓感測次電路70’關閉充電開關66’,允許進一步地充電。電荷儲存電容器72’內的電力係經由充電電路102’而施加到電池100’。在所示的實施例中,充電電路102’係單純地為一電連接,其從電荷儲存電容器72’至電池100’。
另一二級電源電路的實施例係說明於第十四A~B圖。該電路係相似於第三A~B圖所示之二級電源電路所包含者。但在整個電路所用之元件方面係有些差異。例如,一使用微處器之不同的VCC調整器次電路74’,用於取代第三A~B圖之VCC調整器次電路。進一步地,在整個電路中使用不同的開關元件,如充電開關66’及開關驅動次電路78’。某些元件係位在二級電源電路內的不同位置上,例如,在第十四A~B圖之實施例中,電流感測放大器68’係位在超高電容器相對的終端上。在第十四A~B圖之實施例中,溫度感測器係從二級電源電路上加以移除。這些差異主要是設計選擇及具體應用最佳化的結果。不同的元件及電路裝置也可適用在其他實施例。
雖然係相關於一遠方遙控器14進行描述,本發明係非常適合用在廣泛的電池供電的電子裝置。例如,本發明可併入到智能手機(smart phone)、行動電路、媒體播放器、個人數位助理、及其他可攜式電子裝置。本發明也可併入感應式充電的可植入式醫療器材中。例如,第十三A~D圖顯示一本發明之實施例,其併入一電池供電的可植入式醫 療器材中。本發明可能特別地對於可植入式醫療器材有所助益,因為其能夠大大地降低個人必須維持靜止以待充電的時間。這個實施例的醫療裝置系統300通常包含一可植入式醫療器材302(本例中為一心律調整器)、一手持的感應式電源供應器304、及一二級電源電路306。如同上文所述之實施例,二級電源電路306可包含一二級線圈308、一電荷儲存電容器310、一充電電路(未示)及一電池314。二級線圈308可安置在皮膚下剛好能夠接收來自外部感應式電源供應器之感應電力的地方。在操作時,手持的裝置304可由使用者安置在二級線圈308之上,快速地對植入的電荷儲存電容器310進行充電。己充電之電荷儲存電容器310中的電力能用於充電該電池314,或直接地供電給予醫療裝置302。需要時,該醫療器材系統300可包含一通訊系統。
以上的描述只是對於本發明目前實施例之描述。多種修改及改變係可在不離開本發明精神及較寬廣的觀點之下加以完成。
10‧‧‧遠方控制系統
12‧‧‧感應式電源供應器
14‧‧‧遠方遙控器
16‧‧‧初級線圈
22‧‧‧DC電源供應器
32‧‧‧控制器
34‧‧‧槽路
38‧‧‧電容器
40‧‧‧記憶體
42‧‧‧電源供應器
43‧‧‧濾波電容器
44‧‧‧計時器
46‧‧‧IRDA次電路
48‧‧‧埠
50a~b‧‧‧驅動電子
51‧‧‧驅動電路
52a~b‧‧‧FETs
53‧‧‧開關電路
54‧‧‧電流感測變壓器次電路
55‧‧‧電流感測變壓器
60‧‧‧二級電源供應電路
62‧‧‧二級線圈
64‧‧‧整流器
66‧‧‧充電開關
68‧‧‧電流感測放大器次電路
70‧‧‧電壓感測次電路
72‧‧‧電荷儲存電容器
74‧‧‧VCC調整器次電路
76‧‧‧電壓升高次電路
78‧‧‧開關驅動器次電路
80‧‧‧控制器
82‧‧‧通訊次電路
84‧‧‧溫度感測次電路
86‧‧‧A/D電壓參考次電路
88a~b‧‧‧二極體
90‧‧‧電晶體
92‧‧‧電阻
93‧‧‧IC
94‧‧‧FET
96‧‧‧FET
98‧‧‧電阻
100‧‧‧電池
102‧‧‧充電電路
120、122‧‧‧區域
200‧‧‧操作方法
202‧‧‧偵測階段
206‧‧‧電源傳輸器
210‧‧‧操作頻率
212‧‧‧充電
214‧‧‧感應式電力傳輸
216‧‧‧增加
217‧‧‧延遲
250‧‧‧操作方法
252‧‧‧傳送
254‧‧‧監視
256‧‧‧監視
258‧‧‧最大電容器
260‧‧‧資料包
262‧‧‧電容器充電電力
264‧‧‧充電電力
300‧‧‧醫療裝置系統
302‧‧‧可植入式醫療器材
304‧‧‧手持的感應式電源供應器
306‧‧‧二級電源電路
308‧‧‧二級線圈
310‧‧‧電荷儲存電容器
314‧‧‧電池
第一圖係一遠方遙控器的代表性示意圖,其合併有一依照本發明實施例的快速充電系統。
第二A~E圖係一感應式電源供應器電路之電路圖。
第三A~B圖係一二級電源電路之電路圖。
第四圖係感應式電源供應器電路之操作方法的流程圖。
第五圖係二級電源電路之操作方法的流程圖。
第六圖係本發明實施例之代表性的電力/頻率曲線圖。
第七圖係承載一放大的模組化的訊號之代表性資料。
第八圖係一代表性之資料,其使用差速二相編碼方式加以編碼。
第九圖係一代表性的資料封包。
第十圖係一排串接之代表性電容器的示意圖。
第十一圖係一排並接之代表性電容器的示意圖。
第十二圖係另一實施例的代表性二級電源電路之示意圖。
第十三A~D圖係另一可更替之實施例的示意圖。
第十四A~B圖係二級電源電路之另一實施例的示意圖。
10‧‧‧遠方控制系統
12‧‧‧感應式電源供應器
14‧‧‧遠方遙控器
16‧‧‧初級線圈
22‧‧‧DC電源供應器
32‧‧‧控制器
34‧‧‧槽路
38‧‧‧電容器
60‧‧‧二級電源供應電路
62‧‧‧二級線圈
72‧‧‧電荷儲存電容器
100‧‧‧電池

Claims (22)

  1. 一種無線充電系統,包括:一感應式電源供應器,用於供應無線電力;及一遠方裝置,與該感應式電源供應器係可分離的,其中該遠方裝置包含一二級電源電路,一電荷儲存電容器,一充電次電路,及一電池,該二級電源電路係電連接到該電荷儲存電容器,且該二級電源電路係被配置用以接收來自該感應式電源供應器的無線電力,並迅速地充電該電荷儲存電容器,該充電次電路係電連接到該電荷儲存電容器及該電池,其中該充電次電路係被配置用來使用儲存在該電荷儲存電容器中的電力,對該電池進行充電;其中該二級電源電路係被配置用以反應到達一預定電壓的該電荷儲存電容器,開啟由該二級電源電路至該電荷儲存電容器的電流通道。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的無線充電系統,其中當該二級電源電路從該感應式電源供應器上移除時,該充電次電路係能夠用儲存在該電荷儲存電容器中的電力,對該電池進行充電。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的無線充電系統,其中該遠方裝置係能夠使用儲存在該電荷儲存電容器中的電力進行操作。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的無線充電系統,其中該充電次電路避免該電池漏電進入該電荷儲存電容器。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的無線充電系統,其中該電荷儲存電容器係選自由超電容器、超高電容器,以及電化學雙層電容器所組成的群組中。
  6. 一種無線充電系統,其包含:一感應式電源供應器,用以供應無線電力;及 一遠方裝置,與該感應式電源供應器係可分離的,其中該遠方裝置包含一二級電源電路,一電荷儲存電容器,一充電次電路,及一電池,該二級電源電路係電連接至該電荷儲存電容器,且該二級電源電路係被配置用以接收來自該感應式電源供應器的無線電力,並迅速地充電該電荷儲存電容器,該充電次電路係電連接至該電荷儲存電容器及該電池,其中該充電次電路係被配置用來使用儲存在該電荷儲存電容器中的電力,對該電池進行充電;其中該無線充電系統包含一通訊系統,用以在該電荷儲存電容器係完全充電時,以及在該電荷儲存電容器需要額外的充電時的至少其中一情況下,進行通訊傳輸。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的無線充電系統,其中該電荷儲存電容器係選自由超電容器、超高電容器,以及電化學雙層電容器所組成的群組中。
  8. 一種用於接收來自一感應式電源供應器之無線電力的遠方裝置,該遠方裝置包括:一二級電源電路,係配置用以接收無線電力;一電荷儲存電容器,係電連接到該二級電源電路,其中該二級電源電路係配置用以迅速地充電該電荷儲存電容器;一電池;及一充電次電路,係電連接到該電荷儲存電容器及該電池,其中該充電次電路係被配置用來使用儲存在該電荷儲存電容器中的電力充電該電池;其中該二級電源電路包含一充電開關,其反應該電荷儲存電容器到達一預定電壓,開啟一由該二級電源電路至該電荷儲存電容器的電流通道。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的遠方裝置,其中該遠方裝置能夠使用儲存在該電荷儲存電容器中的電源進行操作。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的遠方裝置,其中該充電次電路避免該電池漏電進入該電荷儲存電容器。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的遠方裝置,其中該電荷儲存電容器係選自由超電容器、超高電容器,以及電化學雙層電容器所組成的群組中。
  12. 一種用於接收來自一感應式電源供應器之無線電力的遠方裝置,該遠方裝置包含:一二級電源電路,係配置用來接收無線電力;一電荷儲存電容器,係電連接到該二級電源電路,其中該二級電源電路係配置用以迅速地充電該電荷儲存電容器;一電池;及一充電次電路,係電連接到該電荷儲存電容器及該電池,其中該充電次電路係被配置用來使用儲存在該電荷儲存電容器中的電力,對該電池進行充電;其中該遠方裝置包含一通訊系統,用以在該電荷儲存電容器係完全充電時,以及在該電荷儲存電容器需要額外的充電時的至少其中一情況下,進行通訊傳輸。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的遠方裝置,其中該電荷儲存電容器係選自由超電容器、超高電容器,以及電化學雙層電容器所組成的群組中。
  14. 一種用於迅速充電一遠方裝置之電池的方法,該方法包括:使用一感應式電源供應器產生一電磁場;將一具有二級電源電路的遠方裝置安放在該電磁場中,以便 在該二級電源電路中感應出電力;使用該感應出的電力,對該二級電源電路中的一電荷儲存電容器進行迅速充電;使用儲存在該電荷儲存電容器中的電力,對該遠方裝置的電池進行充電;及反應該電荷儲存電容器內到達一預定電壓,開啟一充電開關,進而開啟由該二級電源電路至該電荷儲存電容器的電流通道。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述的方法,包括:從該二級電源電路傳送充電資訊至該感應式電源供應器;及基於接收自該二級電源電路之充電資訊,調整該感應式電源供應器的操作。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述的方法,其中該感應式電源供應器之操作調整,包含調整該感應式電源供應器之操作頻率、工作循環、及輸入導軌電壓至少其中一者。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述的方法,其中該遠方裝置中的電池,即使在遠方裝置係從該感應式電源供應器上移除後,也能持續充電。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述的方法,其中該電荷儲存電容器係選自由超電容器、超高電容器,以及電化學雙層電容器所組成的群組中。
  19. 一種用於迅速充電一遠方裝置之電池的方法,該方法包括:無線地接收來自一感應式電源供應器之電力;使用接收自該感應式電源供應之無線電力,對一電荷儲存電容器進行迅速充電;使用儲存在該電荷儲存電容器中的電力,以一適合該電池之速率,對該遠方裝置中的電池進行充電;及 反應該電荷儲存電容器內到達一預定電壓,開啟一充電開關,進而開啟由該二級電源電路至該電荷儲存電容器的電流通道。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第19項所述的方法,包括:從該遠方裝置傳送充電資訊至該感應式電源供應器;及基於接收自該遠方裝置之充電資訊,調整該感應式電源供應器之操作。
  21. 如申請專利範圍第20項所述的方法,其中該感應式電源供應器之操作調整,包含調整該感應式電源供應器之操作頻率、工作循環、及輸入導軌電壓至少其中之一者。
  22. 如申請專利範圍第19項所述的方法,其中該電荷儲存電容器係選自由超電容器、超高電容器,以及電化學雙層電容器所組成的群組中。
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