TWI483681B - 用以促進健康發展及生長之營養組成物 - Google Patents
用以促進健康發展及生長之營養組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI483681B TWI483681B TW098135794A TW98135794A TWI483681B TW I483681 B TWI483681 B TW I483681B TW 098135794 A TW098135794 A TW 098135794A TW 98135794 A TW98135794 A TW 98135794A TW I483681 B TWI483681 B TW I483681B
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- nutritional composition
- composition
- probiotic
- nutritional
- oligosaccharides
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Description
本揭示內容一般係關於營養組成物的領域。更特定地,本揭示內容係關於一種具有益生素組成物的營養組成物,該益生素組成物之全部發酵速率曲線可提供人類腸道中有益細菌之群體數目增加達一延長時間;該營養組成物與已知之組成物比較時可提供增進之消化性。
人類之腸道微生物菌群係為相關聯之微生物的複雜組合,彼等可一起作用以促進消化過程。在嬰兒的例子中,腸道微生物菌群在出生後的前幾週內便可快速建立。此一腸內集群現象之特性最初係藉由微生物之環境來源及嬰兒健康的早期顯露而確定。不管嬰兒是餵食母乳或配方食品,對腸內細菌群體數目也具有強大影響。
舉例之,在餵母乳之嬰兒中,雙歧桿菌屬在腸內細菌中係占優勢的,而鏈球菌屬及乳酸桿菌屬為較不普通的貢獻者。對照下,餵食配方食品之嬰兒微生物菌群就變化更多,其包含雙歧桿菌屬及類桿菌屬以及更病原性物種,葡萄球菌、大腸桿菌及梭菌類。在餵食母乳及配方食品的嬰兒大便中各種雙歧桿菌的種類就很不一樣。
雙歧桿菌通常視為“有益”細菌且已得知可保護免於病原性細菌的集群現象。此舉可經由細胞表面受體之競爭、基本營養素之競爭、抗菌劑之製造、及抑制性化合物如短鏈脂肪酸(SCFA)(其可能減低排泄物pH並抑制潛在性病原性細菌)之製造而適當地發生。
雙歧桿菌也與胃腸(GI)道及呼吸性感染之抗性以及提高免疫功能有關聯,特別係在嬰兒及孩童中。所以,促進雙歧桿菌在腸內環境中占優勢已變成營養組成物開發中的一個目標,而這些營養組成物包括成人和孩童之營養配方食品及用於餵食配方食品之嬰兒的組成物。
在嬰兒之腸道微生物菌群中母乳(HM)含有可促成雙歧桿菌之生長及群體數目的許多因子。在這些因子中有超過130種不同寡糖的複雜混合物,在過渡乳及成熟乳中這些寡糖可達到8-12公克/公升高的數值。Kunz.,等人之Oligosaccharides in Human Milk: Structure,Functional,and Metabolic Aspects,Ann. Rev. Nutr. 20: 699-722(2000)。這些寡糖可耐受得住上部胃腸道中之酵素消化作用,並可完整地到達結腸而充當為結腸發酵時之受質。
頃相信,HM寡糖可引起結腸菌群中雙歧桿菌數目的增多,並連同地使潛在之病原性細菌的數目減少。Kunz.,等人之Oligosaccharides in Human Milk: Structure,Functional,and Metabolic Aspects,Ann. Rev. Nutr. 20: 699-722(2000);Newburg,Do the Binding Properties of Oligosaccharides in Milk Protect Human Infants from Gastrointestinal Bacterial,J. Nutr. 217: S980-S984(1997)。HM寡糖可增加雙歧桿菌數目並減少潛在病原性細菌之數目的方法之一係作用為競爭性受體並抑制病原體與細胞表面的結合。Rivero-Urgell等人之Oligosaccharides: Application in Infant Food,Early Hum. Dev. 65(S):43-52(2001)。
除了可減少病原性細菌之數目及提高雙歧桿菌群體數目外,當HM寡糖發酵時還可產生SCFAs如乙酸、丙酸及丁酸。頃相信,這些SCFAs可貢獻熱焓以充當為腸內平衡的主要能量來源,刺激結腸中鈉及水之吸附,及提高小腸消化及吸附作用。此外,頃相信,SCFAs也可藉由調整胃腸發展及免疫功能而促成整體的胃腸健康。
同時,HM寡糖之發酵可減低排泄物的氨、胺、及酚濃度,這些都是糞便的主要氣味組份。Cummings & Macfarlane,The Control and Consequences of Bacterial Fermentation in the Human Colon,J. Appl. Bacteriol. 70:443-459(1991);Miner & Hazen,Ammonia and Amines: Components of Swine-Building Odor ASAE 12:772-774(1969);Spoelstra,Origin of Objectionable Components in Piggery Wastes and the Possibility of Applying Indicator Components for Studying Odour Development,Agric. Environ. 5:241-260(1980);O’Neill & Phillips,A Review of the Control of Odor Nuisance from Livestock Buildings: Part 3. Properties of the Odorous Substances which have been Identified in Livestock Wastes or in the Air Around them J. Agric. Eng. Res. 53:23-50(1992)。
由於存在於HM之寡糖,所以餵母乳之嬰兒的SCFA曲線圖非常不同於餵食配方食品的嬰兒。舉例之,餵母乳之嬰兒事實上並沒有產生丁酸鹽,且乙酸鹽占總SCFA產量的約96%。Lifschitz等人之Characterization of Carbohydrate Fermentation in Feces of Formula-Fed and Breast-Fed Infants,Pediatr. Res. 27:165-169(1990);Siigur等人之Faecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Breast-Fed and Bottle-Fed Infants. Acta. Paediatr. 82:536-538(1993);Edwards等人之Faecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Babies,Acta. Paediatr. 72:459-462(1994);Parrett & Edwards,In Vitro Fermentation of Carbohydrates by Breast Fed and Formula Fed Infants,Arch. Dis. Child 76:249-253(1997)。對照下,雖然餵食配方食品之嬰兒也具有乙酸鹽(74%)為排泄物中的主要SCFA,但仍存在著相當大量的丙酸鹽(23%)及少量丁酸鹽(3%)。在餵食母乳及配方食品嬰兒的SCFA曲線之間的這些差異會影響餵食配方食品之嬰兒的精力、消化、及整體的健康。
由於牛乳及以牛乳為基礎之商品化嬰兒配方食品只提供微量的寡糖,所以益生素經常被使用作為補充餵食配方食品之嬰兒的食物。益生素已定義為“可藉由選擇性地刺激結腸內一種或有限數量之細菌的生長及/或活性而有利益地影響宿主,從而增進宿主健康的不易消化之食物成份”。Gibson,G. R. & Roberfroid,M. B.,Dietary Modulation of the Human Colonic Microbiota-Introducing the Concept of Probiotics,J. Nutr. 125:1401-1412(1995)。普通之益生素包括果寡糖、葡萄寡糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚異麥芽糖、木寡糖、及乳果糖。
將各種益生素成份倂入嬰兒配方食品已揭示。舉例之,Bindels等人之美國專利申請案2003/0072865號揭示一種具有增進之蛋白質含量及至少一種益生素的嬰兒配方食品。該益生素組份可為乳糖-N-四糖、乳糖-N-fuco-五糖、乳果糖(LOS)、低聚乳果糖、棉子糖、低聚半乳糖(GOS)、果寡糖(FOS)、衍生自大豆多糖之寡糖、以甘露糖為基礎之寡糖、阿拉伯樹膠糖、木寡糖、低聚異麥芽糖、葡聚糖、唾液酸寡糖、及fuco-寡糖。
同樣地,Haschke等人之美國專利申請案2004/0191234號揭示一種提高免疫反應之方法,其包含投服予至少一種之益生素。該益生素可為自葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、麥芽糖、蔗糖、乳糖、澱粉、木聚糖、半纖維素、菊粉、或彼等之混合物中製造之寡糖。此益生素可存在於嬰兒穀類食品內。
再者,頃相信,存在於人類母乳中的其他因子也有利於發育中之身體。舉例之,在嬰兒、孩童、及成人中功能性蛋白質如β-轉化生長因子(TGF-β)在健康與發育所需的許多過程都扮演著重要任務。
更特定言之,TGF-β係多肽類家族的一般名稱,其成員具有多功能調節活性。在發育中之嬰兒、孩童、及成人的眾多過程中三種經差異性調整之哺乳動物異構重組物(名稱為TGF-β1、TGF-β2及TGF-β3)係扮演重要任務。TGF-β係為25-kDa同型二聚體細胞因子,已知可用來調節免疫系統及全身性內之多效性功能,其可在腸黏膜的數種細胞形式中表現,包括淋巴細胞、上皮細胞、巨噬細胞、及基質細胞以及T-細胞、嗜中性細胞、巨噬細胞、上皮細胞、纖維原細胞、血小板、成骨細胞、破骨細胞及其他者。再者,TGF-β存在於人類母乳中,並可影響嬰兒健康及發育的多重層面。
因此,可有利地提供一種營養組成物,其可提供經設計之為了促進健康發展及生長(特別是嬰兒)的營養品組合。該營養組成物所包含者應該是可刺激嬰兒內母乳寡糖之功能屬性的益生素物質(例如可增加嬰兒腸道中之有益細菌群體數目及種類,及製造與餵母乳嬰兒之SCFA曲線相類似的SCFA曲線),及可提供生物活性TGF-β之食物來源的物質。此外,該營養組成物在動物(特別是人類嬰兒)中應該耐受得很好,且不應產生或引起過度的氣體、腹部膨脹、胃氣脹或腹瀉。
簡要地,在具體實施例中本揭示內容關於一種營養組成物,其包含脂質或脂肪、蛋白質來源、含有二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸來源、益生素組成物,其中該益生素組成物包含多種寡糖,以使得益生素組成物之全部發酵速率曲線可提供人類腸道中有益細菌之群體數目增加達一延長時間。更特定地,該益生素組成物包含多種寡糖,使得該等寡糖中之至少一者具有相對快速的發酵速率,藉此該等寡糖之組合可提供有利的全部發酵速率。在某些具體實施例中,該益生素包含低聚半乳糖與聚葡萄糖之組合。
本發明也關於一種包含下述組份之營養組成物:
a. 高至約7公克/100仟卡之脂質或脂肪,而以約3至約7公克/100仟卡之脂質或脂肪更佳;
b. 高至約5公克/100仟卡之蛋白質來源,而以約1至約5公克/100仟卡之蛋白質來源更佳;
c. 約5至約100毫克/100仟卡之含有DHA的長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸來源,而以約10至約50毫克/100仟卡之含有DHA的長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸來源更佳;及
d. 約1.0至約10.0公克/公升(而以約2.0至約8.0公克/公升更佳)之益生素組成物,該益生素組成物包含多種寡糖,以使得益生素組成物之全部發酵速率曲線可提供人類腸道中有益細菌之群體數目增加達一延長時間。
在某些具體實施例中,該營養組成物也可包含約0.015至約0.1(pg/μg)ppm之TGF-β,而以約0.0225至約0.075(pg/μg)ppm之TGF-β更佳。
在又一具體實施例中,本發明關於一種具有增進消化性之營養組成物,該組成物包含脂質或脂肪、蛋白質來源、含有二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸來源、益生素組成物,其中該益生素組成物含有至少20%之寡糖混合物,該寡糖混合物含有聚葡萄糖及低聚半乳糖,及隨意地TGF-β。
本發明所欲解決之技術問題係提供可輕易消化、給予生理化學益處、及/或生理學益處之新穎營養組成物。本發明之具體實施例之一中,該營養組成物包含脂質或脂肪、蛋白質來源、含有二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸來源、及益生素組成物,其中該益生素組成物含有多種寡糖,以使得益生素組成物之全部發酵速率曲線可提供人類腸道中有益細菌之群體數目增加達一延長時間,同時該益生素組成物含有至少20%之寡糖混合物,該寡糖混合物含有D-葡萄糖及D-半乳糖(一般稱為低聚半乳糖或反式-低聚半乳糖,或GOS)與聚葡萄糖(一般稱為PDX)的混合物。更特定言之,本文所揭示之組成物包含:
a. 高至約7公克/100仟卡之脂質或脂肪,而以約3至約7公克/100仟卡之脂質或脂肪更佳;
b. 高至約5公克/100仟卡之蛋白質來源,而以約1至約5公克/100仟卡之蛋白質來源更佳;
c. 約5至約100毫克/100仟卡之含有DHA的長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸來源,而以約10至約50毫克/100仟卡之含有DHA的長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸來源更佳;及
d. 約1.0至約10.0公克/公升之具有至少20%寡糖混合物的益生素組成物,該寡糖混合物含有低聚半乳糖及聚葡萄糖,而以約2.0至約8.0公克/公升之具有至少20%低聚半乳糖與聚葡萄糖之混合物的益生素組成物更佳。
在某些具體實施例中,營養組成物可為嬰兒配方食品。如本文中所用之“嬰兒”一詞表示年齡不大於12個月之人。“嬰兒配方食品”一詞係應用為可符合嬰兒之營養素需求並藉此作為母乳替代品之液體或粉末形式的組成物。在美國,嬰兒配方食品之含量係如聯邦規章在21 C.F.R. §§100、106及107所闡明般規定。這些規章定義出能盡力模擬人類母乳之營養及其他特性的大量營養素、維生素、礦物質、及其他成份之數值。在各別具體實施例中,營養組成物可為母乳增強劑,此乃意謂該營養組成物係添加到母乳中以提高母乳之營養價值的組成物。當本發明之組成物作為母乳增強劑時,可為粉末或液體形式。在又一具體實施例中,本發明之營養組成物可為孩童之營養組成物。如本文中所用之“年輕孩童”或“年輕孩童們”一詞表示年齡大於12個月且高至3年(36個月)之人。如本文中所用之“孩童”或“孩童們”一詞表示超過3歲且青春期前的人。
本發明之營養組成物可提供最小限度、部份的、或全部的營養支援。這些組成物可為營養補充品或替代餐。在某些具體實施例中,這些組成物可與食物或營養組成物一起投服。在此具體實施例中,這些組成物在被個體攝取之前可與食物或其他營養組成物一起混合,或可在食物或營養組成物被個體攝取之前或之後給予該個體投服。這些組成物可投服予接受嬰兒配方食品、母乳、母乳增強劑、或彼等之組合的早產兒。如本文中所用之“早產兒”或“早熟兒”一詞表示妊娠少於37週出生之嬰兒。在具體實施例中之一,該組成物係給予早產兒投服以作為經腸方式之營養補充品。
這些組成物可,但並不需要,在營養上完備。熟諳此藝者應明瞭“營養上完備”將視許多因素而變化,其包括,但不限於,年齡、臨床病況、及應用到此術語之個體的飲食攝入量。通常,“營養上完備”係表示本發明之營養組成物提供適當量之所有醣類、脂質、必需脂肪酸、蛋白質、必需胺基酸、條件性必需胺基酸、維生素、礦物質、及正常生長所需要的能量。關於所供應之營養素,“必需”一詞表示無法經由身體合成且數量足夠供正常生長及維持健康的任何營養素,所以必須由食物來供應。關於所供應之營養素的“條件性必需”一詞表示在身體難以獲得適當量之前驅物化合物以使內生合成作用發生的條件下必須由食物來供應之營養素。
定義上,用於早產兒之“營養上完備”的組成物係提供定性及定量上適當量之所有醣類、脂質、必需脂肪酸、蛋白質、必需胺基酸、條件性必需胺基酸、維生素、礦物質、及早產兒生長所需要的能量。熟諳此藝者應明瞭“滿期產兒”係表示妊娠至少37週後出生之嬰兒,且正常地係在妊娠37與42週之間。定義上,用於滿期產兒之“營養上完備”的組成物係提供定性及定量上適當量之所有醣類、脂質、必需脂肪酸、蛋白質、必需胺基酸、條件性必需胺基酸、維生素、礦物質、及滿期產兒生長所需要的能量。定義上,用於孩童之“營養上完備”的組成物係提供定性及定量上適當量之所有醣類、脂質、必需脂肪酸、蛋白質、必需胺基酸、條件性必需胺基酸、維生素、礦物質、及特定年齡之孩童生長及該孩童發展階段所需要的能量。
營養組成物可依此藝中已知之任何形式提供,包括散劑、凝膠、懸浮液、糊劑、固體、液體、液體濃縮物、或現成使用之產品。在較佳具體實施例之一中,營養組成物為嬰兒配方食品,特別是適合作為嬰兒唯一營養來源的嬰兒配方食品。在另一具體實施例中,營養組成物係為適合作為早產兒唯一營養來源的組成物。在其他具體實施例中,營養組成物可為較大嬰兒配方食品、成長幼兒配方食品、牛奶增強劑及彼等之組合。
在較佳具體實施例中,本文所說明之營養組成物可經腸方式投服。如本文中所用之“經腸方式”一詞表示在胃腸道、或消化道中通過或在其內部,及“經腸方式投服”包括經口餵食、胃內餵食、經幽門餵食、或其他方式而導入消化道中。
用於實施本發明之適當脂肪或脂質來源可為此藝中任何已知或所用者,包括但不限於動物來源,如乳脂肪、奶油、奶油脂肪、蛋黃液體;海產來源,如魚油、海產油、單細胞油;蔬菜及植物油,如玉米油、菜籽油、葵花油、大豆油、軟質棕櫚油、椰子油、高油性葵花油、月見草油、油菜籽油、橄欖油、亞麻仁(亞麻子)油、棉籽油、高油性紅花油、棕櫚硬脂、棕櫚仁油、麥芽油;中鏈三酸甘油酯油類及脂肪酸之乳化液和酯類;以及彼等之任何組合。
可用於實施本發明之牛乳蛋白質來源包括但不限於,乳蛋白質粉末、乳蛋白質濃縮物、乳蛋白質離析物、脫脂乳固體物、脫脂乳、脫脂奶粉、乳清蛋白質、乳清蛋白質離析物、乳清蛋白質濃縮物、甜乳清、酸乳清、酪蛋白、酸酪蛋白、酪蛋白酸(如酪蛋白酸鈉、酪蛋白酸鈉鈣、酪蛋白酸鈣)及彼等之任何組合。
在具體實施例之一中,這些蛋白質係以完整蛋白質供應。在其他具體實施例中,這些蛋白質係以完整蛋白質與部份水解蛋白質(其水解程度在約4%與10%之間)的組合供應。在又一具體實施例中,蛋白質來源可使用含麩醯胺之肽補充。
在本發明之特定具體實施例中,蛋白質來源中乳清:酪蛋白之比率係類似於人類母乳中所發現者。在具體實施例中,蛋白質來源包含約40%至約80%乳清蛋白質及約20%至約60%酪蛋白。
在具體實施例之一中,營養組成物可含有一或多種益生菌。“益生菌”一詞表示可對宿主健康發揮有益效果的微生物。只要能達成所欲之結果,則此藝中已知之任何益生菌都可為本具體實施例接受。在特定具體實施例中,該益生菌可選自乳酸桿菌屬及鼠李糖乳酸桿菌GG、雙歧桿菌屬、長雙歧桿菌、及動物雙歧桿菌亞種lactis BB-12。
若益生菌包含在該組成物中,其量可在每公斤體重每天約104
至約1010
菌落形成單位(cfu)中變化。在另一具體實施例中,益生菌數量可在每公斤體重每天約106
至約109
cfu中變化。在又一具體實施例中,益生菌數量可為每公斤體重每天至少約106
cfu。
在具體實施例中,該(等)益生菌可為有活力或無活力。如本文中所用之“有活力”一詞表示活的微生物。“無活力”或“無活力益生菌”一詞表示無生命的益生菌微生物,彼等之細胞組份及/或代謝物。此類無活力益生菌已用熱殺死或在別方面失去活性,但彼等還保留有益地影響宿主健康之能力。用於本發明之益生菌可為天然發生、合成或經由有機體之基因操作而育成的,且不論此類新來源是現今已知或後來育成。
營養組成物含有一或多種益生素。如本文中所用之“益菌素”一詞表示可對宿主發揮健康益處的不易消化之食物成份。此類健康益處可包括,但不限於選擇性刺激許多或有限數目之腸道有益細菌的生長及/或活性,刺激所攝取之益生菌微生物的生長及/或活性,選擇性減少腸道病源體,及對腸道短鏈脂肪酸曲線有良好影響。此類益生素可為天然發生、合成或經由有機體及/或植物之基因操作而育成,且不論此類新來源是現今已知或後來育成的。用於本發明之益生素可包括寡糖、多糖、及含有果糖、木糖、大豆、半乳糖、葡萄糖及甘露糖之其他益生素。更特定地,用於本發明之益生素可包括聚葡萄糖、聚葡萄糖粉末、乳果糖、低聚乳果糖、棉子糖、低聚半乳糖、菊粉、果寡糖、低聚異麥芽糖、大豆寡糖、低聚乳果糖、木寡糖、殼寡糖、半乳甘露糖、阿拉伯樹膠糖、唾液酸寡糖、fuco-寡糖、低聚半乳糖及龍膽寡糖。
在具體實施例之一中,存在於營養組成物之益生素總量以該組成物計為約1.0公克/公升至約10.0公克/公升。如所示,存在於營養組成物之益生素總量以該組成物計可為約2.0公克/公升至約8.0公克/公升。該益生素的至少20%應包含低聚半乳糖與聚葡萄糖之混合物。在具體實施例中,營養組成物中之低聚半乳糖及聚葡萄糖的各別數量可在約1.0公克/公升至約4.0公克/公升的範圍內。
在具體實施例中,營養組成物中之低聚半乳糖數量係約0.1毫克/100仟卡至約1.0毫克/100仟卡。在另一具體實施例中,營養組成物中之低聚半乳糖數量可為約0.1毫克/100仟卡至約0.5毫克/100仟卡。在具體實施例中,營養組成物中之聚葡萄糖數量可在約0.1毫克/100仟卡至約0.5毫克/100仟卡範圍內。在另一具體實施例中,營養組成物中之聚葡萄糖數量可為約0.3毫克/100仟卡。在特定具體實施例中,低聚半乳糖及聚葡萄糖係以至少約0.2毫克/100仟卡之總量補充到營養組成物中,並可為約0.2毫克/100仟卡至約1.5毫克/100仟卡。
本發明之營養組成物包含含有二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)之長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸(LCPUFAs)來源。其他適當之LCPUFAs包括,但不限於、α-亞麻油酸、γ-亞麻油酸、亞麻油酸、次亞麻油酸、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)及二十碳四烯酸(ARA)。
在具體實施例之一中,營養組成物係以DHA及ARA補充。在此具體實施例中,ARA:DHA之重量比可為約1:3至約9:1。在本發明之具體實施例之一中,此比率係約1:2至約4:1。
營養組成物中之長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸數量較有利地為至少約5毫克/100仟卡,並可在約5毫克/100仟卡至約100毫克/100仟卡中變化,而以約10毫克/100仟卡至約50毫克/100仟卡更佳。
營養組成物可藉由此藝中已知之標準技術使用含有DHA及ARA之油類來補充。舉例之,DHA及ARA可藉由替換等量的油(如高油性葵花油,其通常已存在於該組成物中)而添加到該組成物中。另一例子中,含DHA及ARA油類可藉由替換等量的總脂肪摻合物(其通常已存在於沒有DHA及ARA之該組成物中)之剩餘量而添加到該組成物中。
若使用時,DHA及ARA之來源可為此藝中已知之任何來源,例如礦物油、魚油、單細胞油、蛋黃脂質、及腦脂質。在某些具體實施例中,DHA及ARA係源自於單細胞Martek油、DHASCO、或彼等之變異。假使LCPUFA來源之殘留物對嬰兒不會引起任何實質上有害影響,則DHA及ARA可為天然形式。可選擇地,DHA及ARA也可以精煉形式使用。
在本發明之具體實施例中,DHA及ARA之來源為美國專利5,374,567號;5,550,156號;及5,397,591號所揭示之單細胞油,彼等專利之揭示內容將倂入本文供參考。然而,本發明並不只受限於此類油。
在特定具體實施例中,本發明之組成物為提供生理化學及生理學益處之以乳為基礎的營養組成物。如此藝中所知悉,牛乳蛋白質包含兩種主要組份:酸溶性乳清蛋白質及酸不溶性酪蛋白,而後者占牛乳蛋白質總含量約80%。一旦進入胃中的酸性環境,酪蛋白沉澱物及其與礦物質之複合物將形成各種尺寸且穩固的半固體凝結物。相較於又大又硬之凝結物,較柔軟又小的凝結物身體易於消化。在營養組成物(包括但不限於嬰兒配方食品、醫療食品、及早熟兒嬰兒配方食品)之發展中凝結物之形成係很重要的考量。在本發明之具體實施例中,本發明之組成物提供具有比標準嬰兒配方食品更柔軟且更小之凝結物的營養組成物。
如上文說明,在某些具體實施例中,本發明之營養組成物也含有TGF-β。在本發明之特定具體實施例中,本發明組成物中TGF-β之數量為約0.0150(pg/μg)ppm至約0.1(pg/μg)ppm。在另外之具體實施例中,本發明組成物中TGF-β之數量為約0.0225(pg/μg)ppm至約0.0750(pg/μ)ppm。
在本發明之特定具體實施例中,本發明組成物中之TGF-β之數量為約2500pg/mL至約10,000pg/mL組成物,而以約3000pg/mL至約8000pg/mL更佳。
在具體實施例之一中,本發明組成物之TGF-β1:TGF-β2的比為約1:1至約1:20,而更特別地係在約1:5至約1:15範圍內。
在某些具體實施例中,營養組成物之TGF-β生物活性可藉由添加提高生物活性之乳清餾份而增強。假使該乳清餾份可達成所欲結果,則此藝中已知之任何生物活性乳清餾份都可用於此具體實施例中。在具體實施例之一中,此生物活性乳清餾份可為乳清蛋白質濃縮物。在特定具體實施例中,乳清蛋白質濃縮物可為取自Glanbia Nutritionals公司之Salibra800。在另一具體實施例中,乳清蛋白質濃縮物可為取自DMV International公司之Nutri Whey 800。在又一具體實施例中,乳清蛋白質濃縮物可為取自Glanbia Nutritionals公司之Salibra-850。在又一具體實施例中,乳清蛋白質濃縮物可為取Lactilus Industrie U.S.A. Inc.公司之Prolacta Lacatalis WPI 90。在另外具體實施例中,乳清蛋白質濃縮物可由MG Nutritionals公司供應。
在某些具體實施例中,本發明之組成物包括口服耐受性。如本文中所用之“口服耐受性”一詞表示經由早先以口服途徑投予抗原後對細胞及/或體液免疫回應的特殊抑制作用。口服耐受性會影響腸黏膜本身之局部免疫系統的回應,因此防止在其他方面可能引起腸道中之有效炎性反應之食品蛋白質的過敏性反應。口服耐受性的發展在適當的黏膜免疫功能中是為很重要的組份。經口之抗原,如食物、食品蛋白質、或共生的細菌普通都是以可導致受調節之免疫回應的方式加工處理。此一回應不能傷害宿主及導致隨後地相同食物抗原之口服挑戰所引起的全身性低免疫反應。因此口服耐受性必需建立。然而,口服耐受性在反應數種以免疫學為基礎之疾病的發展及發病機制上則會失敗,這些疾病包括炎性腸疾病、克隆氏症、及潰瘍性結腸炎。在特定具體實施例中,TGF-β與本發明之益生素的組合可在先前口服耐受性已失敗的環境中協同性地促進抗原之口服耐受性的誘發。在某些具體實施例中,口服耐受性的誘發可藉由投服予本發明之組成物而提高。在其他具體實施例中,個體所獲得之口服耐受性可藉由投服予本發明之組成物而維持。
下列實施例係說明本揭示內容之具體實施例。至於本文申請專利範圍之範疇內的其他具體實施例,熟諳此藝者可考量本文說明之規範或實施而明瞭。所意圖的是規範及實施例僅視為解說性,而本發明之範圍及精神係以在該等實施例之後的申請專利範圍表示。在該等實施例中,除非另有說明,所有百分比都為重量基位。
此實施例係解說本揭示內容之粉末狀嬰兒配方食品的具體實施例。
為了在標準稀釋(20kcal/fl.oz.)下製備1公升產品,可將136公克粉末與895.2公克水混合。為了在標準稀釋下製備1夸脫產品,可將128.7公克粉末與847.2公克水混合。
一旦復原,此實施例中所述之嬰兒配方食品含有約2公克/公升低聚半乳糖及2公克/公升聚葡萄糖。此嬰兒配方食品具有ARA數值為25毫克/100千卡。該配方食品含有5.6公克脂肪/100千卡,以達到類似於母乳之脂肪含量。該配方食品額外地具有低緩衝劑濃度。
關於此嬰兒配方食品的所有pH調節係以氫氧化鉀溶液進行。該配方食品之比重為1.03117。
此專利說明書所引用之所有參考文獻,包括但不限於,所有論文、公告、專利、專利申請案、講座、教課書、報告、手稿、小冊子、書籍、網路告示、定期刊物文章、期刊、及其類似物,將全部倂入此專利說明書中供參考。本文中之參考文獻的揭示內容只意圖用來概述這些作者的主張,並不容許任何參考文獻成為先前技術。申請人對挑戰所引用之任何參考文獻的準確度及相關性保留所有權。
雖然本發明之較佳具體實施例已利用術語、裝置、及方法說明,但此一說明僅為解說目的。所使用之字詞係說明性而非限制性字詞。需明瞭的是,只要不違反下文之申請專利範圍所述的本發明之精神及範圍,變化及變異皆可由熟諳此藝者進行。此外,應明瞭的是,各種具體實施例之方向可全部地或部份地相互交換。舉例之,當根據那些方法所製得之商品化無菌液體營養補充物的製造方法已作為範例時,其他用途也可被涵蓋。所以,隨附之申請專利範圍的精神及範圍不應受限於本文所包含之較佳版本的說明。
Claims (8)
- 一種營養組成物,其包含:a.脂質或脂肪;b.蛋白質來源;c.至少約5毫克/100仟卡之含有二十二碳六烯酸的長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸來源;d.至少約0.2毫克/100仟卡之益生素組成物,其中該益生素組成物包含聚葡萄糖及低聚半乳糖;及e.至少約0.015至約0.1(pg/μg)ppm之TGF-β。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其中該長鏈多元不飽和脂肪酸來源進一步包含二十碳四烯酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之營養組成物,其中二十碳四烯酸對二十二碳六烯酸之比為約1:3至約9:1。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其中該脂質或脂肪之含量為高至約7公克/100仟卡。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其中該蛋白質來源之含量為高至約5公克/100仟卡。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其進一步包含至少一種益生菌。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其包含嬰兒配方食品。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之營養組成物,其中TGF-β之量為約2500pg/mL至約10,000pg/mL組成物。
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