TWI471294B - 用於製備氟烷基腈類之方法 - Google Patents
用於製備氟烷基腈類之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI471294B TWI471294B TW99118295A TW99118295A TWI471294B TW I471294 B TWI471294 B TW I471294B TW 99118295 A TW99118295 A TW 99118295A TW 99118295 A TW99118295 A TW 99118295A TW I471294 B TWI471294 B TW I471294B
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- Prior art keywords
- formula
- acid
- alkyl
- chlorine
- aryl
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- -1 fluoroalkyl nitriles Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004641 (C1-C12) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- FKNQCJSGGFJEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC=C1 FKNQCJSGGFJEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ITQTTZVARXURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CN=C1 ITQTTZVARXURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SMUQFGGVLNAIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinaldine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C)=CC=C21 SMUQFGGVLNAIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PBWZKZYHONABLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)F PBWZKZYHONABLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- AVGQTJUPLKNPQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloropropane Chemical compound CCC(Cl)(Cl)Cl AVGQTJUPLKNPQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LBKDGROORAKTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dichloropentane Chemical compound ClCCCCCCl LBKDGROORAKTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LRMSQVBRUNSOJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F LRMSQVBRUNSOJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PMWGIVRHUIAIII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoropropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(F)(F)C(O)=O PMWGIVRHUIAIII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GPKYZQLMEPJAGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)C(F)(F)F GPKYZQLMEPJAGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PSCITZRLRGWIHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-aminophenyl)pyridin-3-ol Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=NC=CC=C1O PSCITZRLRGWIHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAWAZQITIZDJRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)Cl OAWAZQITIZDJRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DCCQEPFMJMZBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(=C)C=C DCCQEPFMJMZBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HHPCXQXRDOOGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,4,5,5,5-hexafluoropentanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F HHPCXQXRDOOGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVRCQSRIKKATPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)(C)CC1=CC=CC2=C1CC1=CC=CC=C21.Cl Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)CC1=CC=CC2=C1CC1=CC=CC=C21.Cl BVRCQSRIKKATPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- HIJIXCXMVYTMCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-heptylpropanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC HIJIXCXMVYTMCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 11
- SFFUEHODRAXXIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroacetonitrile Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C#N SFFUEHODRAXXIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NRKYWOKHZRQRJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(F)(F)F NRKYWOKHZRQRJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JVSFQJZRHXAUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropanoyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(Cl)=O JVSFQJZRHXAUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroacetic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)F QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DQFXLCKTFSDWHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoroacetonitrile Chemical compound FC(F)C#N DQFXLCKTFSDWHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMIBIIAWFMCVFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-difluoroacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(F)F ZMIBIIAWFMCVFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MXVMRHIWTSFDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzenecarboximidamide Chemical compound NC(=N)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl MXVMRHIWTSFDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)COCC(C)C SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940111121 antirheumatic drug quinolines Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003943 azolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine Substances NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SEQRDAAUNCRFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichlorobutane Chemical compound CCCC(Cl)Cl SEQRDAAUNCRFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001607 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group Chemical group [*]N1N=NC([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004515 1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl group Chemical group S1N=C(N=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004516 1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl group Chemical group S1N=CN=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003626 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group Chemical group [*]N1N=C([H])N=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001305 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl group Chemical group [H]N1N=C([*])N=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloropropane Chemical compound CC(Cl)CCl KNKRKFALVUDBJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1F GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004521 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl group Chemical group S1C(=NN=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFCFYVKQTRLZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl BFCFYVKQTRLZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitropropane Chemical compound CCC[N+]([O-])=O JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001462 1-pyrrolyl group Chemical group [*]N1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- KQTOYEUYHXUEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F KQTOYEUYHXUEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTLOQUGSPBVZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanenitrile Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C#N MTLOQUGSPBVZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMOYMEBHYUTMKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylethoxy)ethylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CCOCCC1=CC=CC=C1 AMOYMEBHYUTMKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUIPZCNIFDPABQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetonitrile Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C#N GUIPZCNIFDPABQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFXQZASTZFNZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanenitrile Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)C#N MFXQZASTZFNZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKDGRDCXVWSXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloropyridine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=N1 OKDGRDCXVWSXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002941 2-furyl group Chemical group O1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLAZTCDQAHEYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O PLAZTCDQAHEYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000389 2-pyrrolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000175 2-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- DTBDAFLSBDGPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylquinoline Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC(C)=CN=C21 DTBDAFLSBDGPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003682 3-furyl group Chemical group O1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001397 3-pyrrolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- KDDQRKBRJSGMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-thiazolyl Chemical group [C]1=CSC=N1 KDDQRKBRJSGMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWDWFSXUQODZGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-thiazolyl Chemical group [C]1=CN=CS1 CWDWFSXUQODZGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylpyridin-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=N1 XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether Chemical compound ClCCOCCCl ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQZGPSLYZOOYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisoamyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)CCOCCC(C)C AQZGPSLYZOOYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QPJDMGCKMHUXFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanogen chloride Chemical compound ClC#N QPJDMGCKMHUXFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002188 cycloheptatrienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[14CH3] DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001028 difluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-butyl acetate Natural products CC(C)COC(C)=O GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)CC(C)C OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHDIHPNJQVDFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclohexane Chemical compound COC1CCCCC1 GHDIHPNJQVDFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl nitrate Chemical compound CO[N+]([O-])=O LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HYIMSNHJOBLJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nifedipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O HYIMSNHJOBLJNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001597 nifedipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cymene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNIXVQGCZULYKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BNIXVQGCZULYKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000246 pyrimidin-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=NC(*)=NC([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004527 pyrimidin-4-yl group Chemical group N1=CN=C(C=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004528 pyrimidin-5-yl group Chemical group N1=CN=CC(=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/20—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by dehydration of carboxylic acid amides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C255/01—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C255/10—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing cyano groups and halogen atoms, or nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same acyclic carbon skeleton
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
本發明關於一種來自氟烷基羧醯胺製備氟烷基腈類之方法。
氟烷基腈類為製備活性農業化學成分之重要中間物。
US 2 939878揭示氟腈可來自氯二氟甲烷及氯化氰在500-750℃之溫度下而獲得。非選擇性反應導致三氟乙腈、氯二氟乙腈、2-氯四氟丙腈與更多氟化低沸騰物之混合物。
另一專利申請案(JP 59118751 A)敘述式RFCCl3
之氯氟烷與氨在約800℃之溫度下的反應。相同的方法係由Hellberg及Massonne所敘述(Chemiker-Ztg./Chem. Apparatur/Verfahrenstechnik,Volume 93(1969) 6,209-211)。將R 113a與氨在500-800℃之溫度下反應。在此亦獲得產物之混合物(CF3
CN、CF3
Cl、CF3
H、CF3
CCl3
、C2
F4
Cl2
、C2
F2
Cl4
、C2
F3
Cl、CF2
Cl2
)。
Grunewald等人(J. Med. Chem. 2006,49,2939-2952)亦及Swarts(Bulletin Societes Chemiques Belges,1922,Vol 31,364-365)敘述來自二氟乙醯胺及五氧化二磷之二氟乙腈製備作用。此包含將兩種固體加熱及在-78℃下縮合揮發性腈。然而,餘留在反應容器中的固體反應殘餘物難以移除。
另一方法敘述乙腈之電化學氟化作用(Masatake Haruta 及Nobuatsu Watanabe,J. Fluorine Chemistry,7(1976) 159-177)。反應經非選擇性地進行且在此亦獲得反應產物之混合物。
Foulletier(EP 55651 B1)敘述三氟乙腈在400℃下的氣相氟化作用。在此亦獲得混合物。
Parker在Synthetic Communications中敘述(Volume 34,2004,Pages 903-907)來自三氟乙醯胺及三氟乙酸酐在吡啶中的三氟乙腈製備作用。在此方法中的缺點為使用貴的三氟乙酸酐,其必須以化學計量使用。
所有上述方法皆以需要特定的裝置、非常高的溫度、貴且有害的試劑為特徵,且所欲產物僅可以複雜的分離法從反應混合物分離。
從先前技藝出發之本發明的目的係提供一種用於製備氟化烷基腈類之方法,其較佳地可以簡單且不貴的方式執行。以此所欲方法可獲得的氟化烷基腈類較佳地應以高產率及高純度獲得。所欲方法更特別地應能夠使所欲標的化合物不必以複雜的純化方法而獲得。
該目的係依照本發明藉由用於製備通式(I)之氟烷基腈類之方法而達成:
其中X1
及X2
各自獨立為氟、氯、溴、氫、C1-12
-烷基、C1-12
-鹵烷基、C5-18
-芳基、C7-19
-烷基芳基或C7-19
-芳基烷基,該方法的特徵在於:將式(II)之氟化羧醯胺:
其中X1
及X2
各自如上述所定義,在鹼及催化量之式(III)之氟化羧酸的存在下:
其中Y1
及Y2
各自獨立為氟、氯、溴、氫、C1-12
-烷基、C1-12
-鹵烷基、C5-18
-芳基、C7-19
-烷基芳基或C7-19
-芳基烷基,與式(IV)之醯基鹵反應:
其中R1
為C1-12
-烷基、C3-8
-環烷基、C1-12
-鹵烷基、C5-18
-芳基、C7-19
-芳基烷基或C7-19
-烷基芳基,且Hal為鹵素。
將上述通式(I)中所示之X1
及X2
基較佳、特佳及最佳的定義闡述於下。
X1
及X2
較佳地各自獨立為氟、氯、氫、C1-12
-烷基、C1-12
-鹵烷基或C5-18
-芳基,X1
及X2
更佳地各自獨立為氟、氯、氫或C1-12
-鹵烷基,X1
及X2
最佳地各自獨立為氟、氫或C1-12
-鹵烷基。
驚人地,式(I)之氟化烷基腈類可在本發明之條件下以好產率及高純度製備,其係憑藉根據本發明之方法不具有與先前技藝有關之所述缺點。
根據本發明之方法可以下列流程(I)例證:
其中X1
、X2
、R1
、Hal各自如上述所定義。
與本發明有關的術語〝鹵素〞(Hal)包含那些選自由氟、氯、溴及碘所組成群之元素,除非另有定義,優先選擇使用氟、氯及溴,而特別優先選擇使用氟及氯。
視需要經取代之基團可經單-或多取代,其中在多取代的例子中,取代基可相同或不同。
經一或多個鹵素原子(-Hal)取代之烷基係例如選自三氟甲基(CF3
)、二氟甲基(CHF2
)、CF3
CH2
、ClCH2
、CF3
CCl2
。
在本發明的上下文中,烷基為直鏈、支鏈或環狀飽和烴基,除非有不同的定義。
〝C1
-C12
-烷基〞之定義包含本文就烷基定義之最大範圍。此定義尤其包含例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基和第三丁基、正戊基、正己基、1,3-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、正庚基,正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基、正十二烷基之意義。
在本發明的上下文中,芳基為可具有一、二或多個選自O、N、P及S之雜原子的芳族烴基,除非有不同的定義。
〝C5-18
-芳基〞之定義包含本文就具有5至18個框架碳原子之芳基定義之最大範圍,其中碳原子可以雜原子交換。此定義尤其包含例如環戊二烯基、苯基、環庚三烯基、環辛四烯基、萘基和蒽基;2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基、3-異唑基、4-異唑基、5-異唑基、3-異噻唑基、4-異噻唑基、5-異噻唑基、3-吡唑基、4-吡唑基、5-吡唑基、2-唑基、4-唑基、5-唑基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基、1,2,4-二唑-3-基、1,2,4-二唑-5-基、1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基、1,2,4-噻二唑-5-基、1,2,4-三唑-3-基、1,3,4-二唑-2-基、1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基和1,3,4-三唑-2-基;1-吡咯基、1-吡唑基、1,2,4-三唑-1-基、1-咪唑基、1,2,3-三唑-1-基、1,3,4-三唑-1-基、3-嗒基、4-嗒基、2-嘧啶基、4-嘧啶基、5-嘧啶基、2-吡基、1,3,5-三-2-基和1,2,4-三-3-基之意義。
在本發明的上下文中,烷基芳基(芳烷基)為經芳基取代之烷基,且可具有C1-8
-伸烷基鏈及可在芳基構架中具有一或多個選自O、N、P及S之雜原子,除非有不同的定義。
〝C7-19
-芳烷基〞之定義包含本文就框架中具有總共7至19個碳原子之芳基烷基及伸烷基定義之最大範圍。此定義尤其包含例如苯甲基及苯乙基之意義。
在本發明的上下文中,烷基芳基(烷芳基)為經烷基取代之芳基,且可具有C1-8
-伸烷基鏈及在芳基構架中可具有一或多個選自O、N、P及S之雜原子,除非有不同的定義。
〝C7-19
-烷基芳基〞之定義包含本文就框架中具有總共7至19個碳原子之烷基芳基及伸烷基定義之最大範圍。此定義尤其包含例如甲苯基,2,3-、2,4-、2,5-、2,6-、3,4-或3,5-二甲基苯基之意義。
根據本發明所使用之氟化羧酸為通式(III)化合物:
其中Y1
及Y2
各自獨立為氟、氯、溴、氫、C1-12
-烷基、C1-12
-鹵烷基、C5-18
-芳基、C7-19
-烷基芳基或C7-19
-芳基烷基,較佳為氫、氟、氯、C2-8
-烷基或C2-8
-鹵烷基,更佳為氟、氯、氫、C3-6
-烷基、CF3
或CF2
H。
依照本發明適合的氟化羧酸之實例為三氟乙酸、二氟乙酸、二氟氯乙酸、氯氟乙酸、2,3,3,3-四氟丙酸、2,2,3,3-四氟丙酸、2,2-二氟丙酸、五氟丙酸及2,3,3,4,4,4-六氟丁烷羧酸。
式(III)之氟化羧酸對所使用之式(II)之氟化烷基醯胺之莫耳比可為例如0.05至1,較佳為0.11至0.8,更佳為0.2至0.7。使用較大量(大於1之莫耳比)的氟化羧酸非關鍵,但是不合乎經濟。
上述式(II)之氟化烷基醯胺係藉由添加式(IV)之醯基鹵而轉化:
在式(IV)中,R1
係選自C1-12
-烷基、C3-8
-環烷基、C1-12
-鹵烷基、C5-18
-芳基、C7-19
-芳基烷基或C7-19
-烷基芳基,較佳地選自C5-18
-芳基或C2-8
-烷基,更佳地選自C3-6
-烷基或C6
-芳基,且Hal為氟、氯、溴或碘,較佳為氯或溴,更佳為氯。
依照本發明適合的醯基鹵之實例為乙醯氯、特戊醯氯、2,2-二甲基丁醯氯、異戊醯氯及苯甲醯氯。
式(IV)之醯基鹵對所使用之式(II)之氟化烷基醯胺之莫耳比可為例如0.5至5,較佳為1至3,更佳為2至2.5。
根據本發明之方法係在鹼的存在下執行。適合的鹼為例如經取代或未經取代之吡啶及經取代或未經取代之喹啉。優先選擇使用經取代或未經取代之吡啶及經取代或未經取代之喹啉。
鹼的較佳實例為吡啶、3-甲吡啶、4-甲吡啶、喹啉、2-甲喹啉、鹵化吡啶。特別優先選擇使用吡啶、4-甲吡啶、2-氯吡啶。
鹼對所使用之式(III)之氟化羧酸之莫耳比可為例如0.5至10,較佳為1至8,更佳為1.5至6。
使用較大量的鹼非關鍵,但是不合乎經濟。
用於製備通式(I)化合物之反應通常可在減壓下、標準壓力下或升壓下執行。所使用之溫度同樣可取決於所使用之基質而改變且可由熟習此技藝者以慣例試驗輕易地決定。例如,用於製備通式(I)化合物之反應可在-50至250℃,較佳為0至170℃之溫度下執行。特別優先選擇在10至140℃之溫度下執行反應。
依照本發明所使用之式(II)之氟化烷基醯胺可於市場上取得或可以文獻方法(WO 03/080563)輕易地製備。
以式(I)之氟化烷基得到具有式(I)之化合物的反應可在溶劑的存在下執行。優先選擇省掉在反應中額外的溶劑。適合的溶劑包括:鹵烴類和芳族烴類,尤其為氯烴類,諸如四氯乙烯、四氯乙烷、二氯丙烷、二氯甲烷、二氯丁烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、五氯乙烷、二氟苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯苯、溴苯、二氯苯、氯甲苯、三氯苯;醚類,諸如乙基丙醚、正丁醚、茴香醚、苯乙醚、環己基甲醚、二甲醚、二乙醚、二甲基二醇、二苯醚、二丙醚、二異丙醚、二正丁醚、二異丁醚、二異戊醚、乙二醇二甲醚、異丙基乙醚、甲基第三丁醚、四氫呋喃、甲基四氫呋喃、二烷、二氯二乙醚和環氧乙烷及/或環氧丙烷之聚醚;硝基烴類,諸如硝甲烷、硝乙烷、硝丙烷、硝苯、氯硝苯、鄰-硝甲苯;脂族、環脂族或芳族烴類,諸如戊烷、正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、壬烷(例如,具有沸點在例如從40℃至250℃之範圍內的組份之白油溶劑)、異丙基甲苯、具有從70℃至190℃之沸點範圍內的石油餾分、環己烷、甲基環己烷、石油醚、石油英、辛烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯;酯類,諸如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸異丁酯和碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二丁酯、碳酸乙烯酯。較佳的溶劑為甲苯或氯苯。
所欲之通式(I)化合物可例如藉由蒸餾而分離。在此例子中,產物(I)可在計量添加式(IV)之醯基氯的同時蒸餾出。另一分離變型係僅在反應結束之後以蒸餾或過濾移出式(I)產物。
本發明係藉由隨後的實例詳細例證,雖然不應該以限制本發明的方式解釋實例。
將在48.9公克吡啶中的4.6公克三氟乙酸初進料與13.4公克三氟乙醯胺摻合。接著將30.4公克2,2-二甲基丙醯氯在室溫下經5小時逐滴添加至此溶液中。在逐滴添加的過程中立即形成氣態三氟乙腈。可將其在相對低溫下(例如,在-100℃下)縮合或直接引入進一步的反應中。產率為92%。
將在34.8公克吡啶中的2公克二氟乙酸初進料與5公克三氟乙醯胺摻合。接著將10.9公克2,2-二甲基丙醯氯在室溫下經2小時逐滴添加至此溶液中。在逐滴添加的過程中立即形成氣態三氟乙腈。產率為90%。
將在34.8公克吡啶中的2.4公克三氟乙酸初進料與5公克三氟乙醯胺摻合。接著將12.4公克2,2-二甲基丁醯氯在室溫下經2小時逐滴添加至此溶液中。在逐滴添加的過程中立即形成氣態三氟乙腈。產率為84%。
將在48.9公克吡啶中的4.6公克三氟乙酸初進料與13.4公克三氟乙醯胺摻合。接著將35.5公克苯甲醯氯在室溫下經5小時逐滴添加至此溶液中。在逐滴添加的過程中立即形成氣態三氟乙腈。產率為86%。
將在146.7公克吡啶中的11.6公克三氟乙酸初進料與19.2公克二氟乙醯胺摻合。接著將51.2公克2,2-二甲基丙醯氯在60℃下經3小時逐滴添加至此溶液中。接著將反應混合物加熱至100℃且蒸餾出二氟乙腈。此得到88%產率之二氟乙腈。
將在78公克吡啶中的5.5公克三氟乙酸初進料與16.1公克五氟丙醯胺摻合。接著將24.2公克2,2-二甲基丙醯氯在30℃下經4小時逐滴添加至此溶液中。在逐滴添加的過程中立即形成氣態五氟丙腈。可將其在相對低溫下(例如,在-80℃下)縮合或直接引入進一步的反應中。產率為82%。
Claims (9)
- 一種用於製備通式(I)之氟烷基腈類之方法:
其中X1 及X2 各自獨立為氟、氯、溴、氫、C1-12 -烷基、C1-12 -鹵烷基、C5-18 -芳基、C7-19 -烷基芳基或C7-19 -芳基烷基,該方法的特徵在於:將式(II)之氟化羧醯胺: 其中X1 及X2 各自如上述所定義,在鹼及催化量之式(III)之氟化羧酸的存在下: 其中Y1 及Y2 各自獨立為氟、氯、溴、氫、C1-12 -烷基、C1-12 -鹵烷基、C5-18 -芳基、C7-19 -烷基芳基或C7-19 -芳基烷基,與式(IV)之醯基鹵反應: 其中R1 為C1-12 -烷基、C3-8 -環烷基、C1-12 -鹵烷基、C5-18 -芳基、C7-19 -芳基烷基或C7-19 -烷基芳基,且Hal為鹵素。 - 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中X1 及X2 各自獨立為氟、氯、氫、C1-12 -烷基、C1-12 -鹵烷基或C5-18 -芳基,Y1 及Y2 各自獨立為氫、氟、氯、C2-8 -烷基或C2-8 -鹵烷基,Hal為氯或溴;R1 為C2-8 -烷基或C5-18 -芳基。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中X1 及X2 各自獨立為氟、氯、氫或C1-12 -鹵烷基,Y1 及Y2 各自獨立為氟、氯、氫、C3-6 -烷基、CF3 或CF2 H,R1 為C3-6 -烷基或C6 -芳基,且Hal為氯。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之方法,其中該氟化羧酸係選自由三氟乙酸、二氟乙酸、二氟氯乙酸、氯氟乙酸、2,3,3,3-四氟丙酸、2,2,3,3-四氟丙酸、2,2-二氟丙酸、五氟丙酸、2,3,3,4,4,4-六氟丁烷羧酸所組成之群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之方法,其中該醯基鹵係選自由乙醯氯、特戊醯氯、2,2-二甲基丁醯氯、異戊醯氯、苯甲醯氯所組成之群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之方法,其中該通式(III)之氟化羧酸對所使用之通式(II)之氟化烷基醯胺之莫耳比為0.05至1。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之方法,其中該通式(IV)之醯基鹵對所使用之通式(II)之氟化烷基醯胺之莫耳比為0.5至5。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之方法,其中該鹼係選自由吡啶、3-甲吡啶、4-甲吡啶、喹啉、2-甲喹啉、鹵化吡啶所組成之群組。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1至2項中任一項之方法,其中該鹼對所使用之通式(III)之氟化羧酸之莫耳比為0.5至10。
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| FR2975990B1 (fr) | 2011-06-01 | 2013-05-24 | Rhodia Operations | Procede de preparation d'un compose organique fluore |
| CN103804231A (zh) * | 2014-02-27 | 2014-05-21 | 江苏省激素研究所股份有限公司 | 一种农药中间体三氟乙腈的合成方法 |
| US20190225590A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2019-07-25 | Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft | Method for preparing fluoroalkylnitriles and the corresponding fluoroalkyltetrazoles |
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| MX2021001382A (es) | 2018-09-03 | 2021-04-12 | Pi Industries Ltd | Un metodo para la preparacion de nitrilos de fluoroalquilo y su uso para preparar tetrazoles fluoroalquilo relacionados. |
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| US3928274A (en) * | 1973-08-29 | 1975-12-23 | Lilly Industries Ltd | Process for preparing nitriles |
| EP0729940B1 (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 2004-04-14 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for synthesizing fluorinated nitrile compounds |
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| WO2009001819A1 (ja) * | 2007-06-25 | 2008-12-31 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | フルオロアミドおよびフルオロニトリルの製造方法 |
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| JPS59118751A (ja) | 1982-12-24 | 1984-07-09 | Daikin Ind Ltd | フルオロアルキルニトリルの製法 |
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| JP2009114127A (ja) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-05-28 | Kyorin Pharmaceut Co Ltd | アミノアセチルピロリジンカルボニトリル誘導体の製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US2730543A (en) * | 1950-05-20 | 1956-01-10 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Fluorinated nitriles |
| US3928274A (en) * | 1973-08-29 | 1975-12-23 | Lilly Industries Ltd | Process for preparing nitriles |
| EP0729940B1 (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 2004-04-14 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for synthesizing fluorinated nitrile compounds |
| US20070161813A1 (en) * | 2004-01-26 | 2007-07-12 | Andreas Meudt | Process for preparing nitriles and isonitriles by dehydration reactions with propanephosphonic anhydrides |
| WO2009001819A1 (ja) * | 2007-06-25 | 2008-12-31 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | フルオロアミドおよびフルオロニトリルの製造方法 |
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| IL216694A (en) | 2015-02-26 |
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| KR101705287B1 (ko) | 2017-02-09 |
| MX2011013146A (es) | 2012-01-20 |
| KR20120032518A (ko) | 2012-04-05 |
| EP2440518B1 (de) | 2014-08-20 |
| ES2518465T3 (es) | 2014-11-05 |
| US8203015B2 (en) | 2012-06-19 |
| DK2440518T3 (en) | 2014-11-24 |
| CN102459157B (zh) | 2014-09-10 |
| JP2012529446A (ja) | 2012-11-22 |
| WO2010142377A1 (de) | 2010-12-16 |
| BRPI1010841A2 (pt) | 2016-04-05 |
| TW201119982A (en) | 2011-06-16 |
| IL216694A0 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
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