TWI454286B - 安定氧化性不安定組合物之方法 - Google Patents
安定氧化性不安定組合物之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI454286B TWI454286B TW096109158A TW96109158A TWI454286B TW I454286 B TWI454286 B TW I454286B TW 096109158 A TW096109158 A TW 096109158A TW 96109158 A TW96109158 A TW 96109158A TW I454286 B TWI454286 B TW I454286B
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- stabilizer
- per liter
- micromoles per
- ophthalmic composition
- oxidative
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
- A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
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Description
本發明係關於安定氧化性不安定眼用成分之組成物及用於製造此類組成物的方法。
此專利申請案主張擁有2006年3月17日提出稱為「安定氧化性不安定醫藥組成物的方法」之美國正式專利申請案序號60/783,557的專利申請優先權。
用於局部投與至眼睛的治療劑通常被配製成液體或凝膠狀並且在使用之前必需保存於無菌狀態。因此,眼用治療劑必需經過繁瑣而昂貴的無菌包裝手續或必需經過高溫滅菌。不幸的是,許多治療劑特別是在加熱的情況下並不具有氧化穩定性。
在高壓滅菌的過程中已曾使用EDTA、Dequest和Desferal改善某些治療劑的穩定性。然而,仍亟需能安定易氧化分解之不安定治療劑的其他化合物。下列的本發明即符合此需求。
本發明包括安定含氧化性不安定醫藥成分之眼用組成物的方法,其中該方法包括將有效劑量之安定劑加至該眼用組成物。
此處「氧化性不安定醫藥成分」指用於治療眼睛疾病的醫藥或營養性化合物以及該化合物在氧和某些過渡金屬存在下會導致分解。醫藥化合物的實施例包括抗組織胺、抗生素、抗菌劑、抗病毒劑、抗真菌劑、止痛劑、麻醉劑、抗過敏劑、巨細胞穩定劑、類固醇和非類固醇抗炎劑、血管生長抑制劑、代謝拮抗劑、纖維蛋白溶解劑、神經保護劑、抑血管形成類固醇、散瞳劑、睫狀肌散瞳劑、縮瞳劑、血管收縮劑、血管擴張劑、抗凝劑、抗癌劑、反義藥物、免疫調節劑、碳酸酐酶抑制劑、整合素同化劑、環氧化酶抑制劑、VEGF拮抗劑、免疫抑制劑等。明確而言,醫藥劑的實例包括但不侷限於阿伐斯汀(acrivastine)、安他唑啉(antazoline)、阿司咪唑(astemizole)、阿扎他定(azatadine)、氮斯汀(azelastine)、布克利(buclizine)、布比卡因(bupivacaine)、西替利嗪(cetirizine)、氯馬斯汀(clemastine)、環嗪(cyclizine)、賽庚啶(cyproheptadine)、依巴斯汀(ebastine)、依美斯汀(emedastine)、麻黃鹼(ephedrine)、尤馬托品(eucatropine)、非索那定(fexofenadine)、后馬托品(homatropine)、羥嗪(hydroxyzine)、酮替芬(ketotifen)、左卡巴斯汀(levocabastine)、左西替利嗪(levoceterizine)、洛美沙星(lomefloxacin)、氯苯甲嗪(meclizine)、甲哌卡因(mepivacaine)、美喹他嗪(mequitazine)、甲吡咯嗪(methdilazine)、美沙吡林(methapyrilene)、米安色林(mianserin)、萘甲唑啉(naphazoline)、去甲阿斯咪唑(norastemizole)、去甲巴斯汀(norebastine)、氧氟沙星(ofloxacin)、羥甲唑啉(oxymetazoline)、芬尼拉明(pheniramine)、苯腎上腺素、毒扁豆鹼、哌香豆司特(picumast)、異丙嗪(promethazine)、莨菪鹼(scopolamine)、特非那定(terfenadine)、四氫唑啉(tetrahydrozoline)、硫乙拉嗪(thiethylperazine)、第莫洛(timolol)、阿利馬嗪(trimeprazine)、曲普立定(triprolidine),醫藥上可接受鹽和其混合物。較佳的醫藥化合物包括阿伐斯汀、安他唑啉、阿司咪唑、阿扎他定、氮斯汀、氯馬斯汀、賽庚啶、依巴斯汀、依美斯汀、尤馬托品、非索那定、后馬托品、羥嗪)、酮替芬、左卡巴斯汀、左西替利嗪、氯苯甲嗪、美喹他嗪、甲吡咯嗪、美沙吡林、去甲阿斯咪唑、去甲巴斯汀、羥甲唑啉、毒扁豆鹼、哌香豆司特、異丙嗪、莨菪鹼、特非那定、四氫唑啉、第莫洛、阿利馬嗪、曲普立定,和其醫藥上可接受鹽。更佳的醫藥化合物包括芬尼拉明、酮替芬、富馬酸酮替芬、去甲酮替芬、奧洛他定(olapatadine),和其混合物。最佳的醫藥化合物包括酮替芬,其醫藥上可接受鹽,和其混合物。
營養性化合物的實例包括維生素和輔助劑如維生素A、D、E;葉黃素(lutein);玉米黃素(zeaxanthin);類脂酸(lipoic acid);類黃酮(flavonoids);眼科相容脂肪酸如omega 3和omega 6脂肪酸,其組成物和與醫藥化合物的組成物等。較佳的醫藥或營養性化合物為在室溫或較高溫度下混合上述化合物和氧化催化劑(如金屬和金屬鹽)的溶液與不含氧化催化劑的化合物溶液相較之下可被分解者。最佳之醫藥或營養性化合物為當與氧化催化劑加熱至約120℃約20分鐘時其分解大於約10%者。本發明之眼用組成物內的氧化性不安定醫藥成分之濃度為從約2微克/毫升至約0.5克/毫升,最佳為約0.1微克/毫升至約10,000微克/毫升。
「眼用組成物」一詞指可局部性地被投與至眼睛的噴霧劑或凝膠。「安定劑」一詞指可抑制氧化性不安定醫藥成分之金屬催化氧化分解的螯合組成物。安定劑的實例包括但不侷限於二氧化矽;甲殼素衍生物如幾丁聚糖;聚醯胺如聚(天門冬胺酸-聚-ω-胺基酸(請看CAN:129:54671,Shibata、Minako等人,日本Sapporo市Hokkaido大學地球環境科學研究所,Japan Macromolecular Symposia(1998),130:229~244))和共聚醯胺如聚[亞胺羰基(2,5-二氫-1,4-亞苯基)羰亞胺基-1,4-亞苯亞甲基-1,4-亞苯基],CAS#87912-00-3;聚合內醯胺如聚乙烯吡咯啶酮;聚胺基羧酸如二亞乙基三胺五乙酸和三亞乙基三胺五乙酸;聚胺如聚丙烯胺;冠狀醚如18-冠醚-6、21-冠醚-7和24-冠醚-8;纖維素和其衍生物,以及N,N,N’,N’,N”,N”-六(2-吡啶基)-1,3,5-三(胺甲基)苯和某些巨環配位體如冠狀醚;含繩結(knots)和索烴(catenands)的配位體(請看David A.Leigh等人,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.
2001,40,第8號第1538~1542頁和Jean-Claude Chambron等人,Pure & Appl.Chem.
1990,第62卷第6號第1027~1034頁)。較佳的安定劑為聚胺基羧酸如二亞乙基三胺五乙酸和三亞乙基三胺五乙酸。最佳的安定劑為二亞乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA),或DTPA之鹽類如CaNa3
DTPA、ZnNa3
DTPA和Ca2
DTPA。「有效劑量」一詞指可抑制醫藥成分之氧化分解所需安定劑的數量。在通常的情況下眼用組成物內之金屬對螯合劑較佳為1:1莫耳比,更佳為約1份金屬對大於約1份的螯合劑組成物,最佳為約1份金屬對大於或等於約2份的螯合劑組成物。就濃度的限制而言,眼用組成物內之安定劑的濃度較佳為從約2.5微莫耳/升至約5000微莫耳/升,更佳為從約20微莫耳/升至約1000微莫耳/升,更佳為從約100微莫耳/升至約1000微莫耳/升,最佳為從約100微莫耳/升至約500微莫耳/升。
除了氧化性不安定醫藥成分和安定劑之外,該眼用組成物含有適當的眼用載體。適當的載體包括抗氧化劑(基清除劑);緩和劑;抗菌劑;助溶劑;表面活性劑;緩衝劑;張力調節劑;螯合劑;保存劑;濕潤劑;增稠劑;水;生理鹽水;礦物油;礦脂;水溶性溶劑如C15~20
醇、C15~20
醯胺、以兩性離子取代的C15~20
醇;含0.5至5%羥乙基纖維素重量比的植物油或礦物油;油酸乙酯;羧甲基纖維素;聚乙烯吡咯啶酮,以及其他眼用無毒水溶性聚合物舉例如纖維素衍生物如甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素的鹼金屬鹽、羥甲基纖維素;幾丁聚糖和小核菌葡聚糖(scleroglucan);丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸甲酯如聚(丙烯酸)或丙烯酸乙酯之鹽;聚丙烯醯胺;天然產物如凝膠、褐藻酸、果膠、黃蓍樹膠、卡拉亞膠、三仙膠、紅藻膠、瓊脂和阿拉伯膠;澱粉衍生物如醋酸澱粉和羥丙基澱粉,以及亦包括其他的合成產物例如泊洛沙姆(poloxamers)如Poloxamer F127、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、聚乙烯甲基醚、聚氧乙烯;較佳的交聯聚(丙烯酸)如中性羧乙烯聚合物(Carbopol),或這些聚合物的混合物。較佳的載劑為水;纖維素衍生物如甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素的鹼金屬鹽、羥甲基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、甲基羥丙基纖維素和羥丙基纖維素;中性羧乙烯聚合物;或其混合物。載劑的濃度為例如其活性成分組成物濃度的0.1至100,000倍等。當該眼用組成物為點眼液時,其載劑較佳為含有水、經pH緩衝生理鹽水,其混合物等。較佳的載劑為含有包括但不侷限於氯化鈉、硼酸鈉、磷酸鈉、磷酸氫鈉、磷酸二氫鈉或其對應鉀鹽之鹽類的水性生理鹽水。這些成分通常合併形成含有酸和其共軛鹼的緩衝液,因而加入酸或鹼對酸鹼度僅造成極小的變化。緩衝液可另外含有2-(N-嗎啉基)乙磺酸(MES)、氫氧化鈉、2,2-雙(羥甲基)-2,2’-2”-氰基三乙醇、n-三(羥甲基)甲基-2-胺基乙磺酸、檸檬酸、檸檬酸鈉、碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、醋酸、醋酸鈉、四醋酸乙二胺等和其組成物。最佳的載劑為經硼酸鹽緩衝或經磷酸鹽緩衝的生理鹽水。
本發明進一步包括含氧化性不安定醫藥成分的眼用組成物以及一有效劑量的安定劑。氧化性不安定醫藥成分、有效劑量和安定劑均具有上述的定義及較佳的範圍。
本發明又進一步包括安定含氧化性不安定賦形劑之眼用組成物的方法,其中該方法包括將有效劑量之安定劑加至該眼用組成物。
此處「氧化性不安定賦形劑」指在氧和某些過渡金屬的存在下會產生分解的眼用組成物之成分。不安定賦形劑的實施例包括但不侷限於收斂劑、緩和劑、潤滑劑、高滲劑、油性劑、張力劑、類黏液劑等。不安定賦形劑的明確實施例包括但不侷限於纖維素衍生物、羧甲基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素、玻尿酸、甲基纖維素、葡聚醣、凝膠、聚乙二醇、聚山梨糖醇酯、丙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚維酮、羊毛脂、礦物油、石蠟、礦酯、白藥膏、白礦油、白蠟和黃蠟。「安定劑」和「有效劑量」具有上述的定義及較佳的範圍。
本發明仍又進一步包括一種含有氧化性不安定賦形劑和有效劑量之安定劑的眼用組成物。「氧化性不安定賦形劑」、「安定劑」和「有效劑量」全部具有上述的定義及較佳的範圍。
本發明仍又進一步包括一種安定含氧化性不安定醫藥成分之眼用組成物的方法,其中該方法包括:(a)以可聚合基功能化該安定劑;(b)以至少一種可聚合單體聚合化有效劑量之步驟(a)的產物;以及(c)以步驟(b)的聚合物接觸含氧化性不安定醫藥成分的眼用組成物。
氧化性不安定醫藥成分、有效劑量和安定劑等詞全部具有上述的定義及較佳的範圍。功能化一詞意指以化學方式將可聚合基結合至該安定劑。可聚合基的實例包括但不侷限於丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸酯、丙烯醯胺和苯乙烯。可聚合單體包括能加至自由基之含烯烴基團的化合物,例如丙烯、乙烯等。步驟(b)之聚合產物為可溶或不溶於眼用組成物內。步驟(b)之聚合產物較佳為不溶於眼用組成物內,以及此類步驟(b)的聚合產物可為任何的形狀如桿狀、盤狀、容器、薄膜等。
本發明仍又進一步包括一種安定含氧化性不安定賦形劑之眼用組成物的方法,其中該方法包括:(a)以可聚合基功能化該安定劑;(b)以至少一種可聚合單體聚合化有效劑量之步驟(a)的產物;以及(c)以步驟(b)的聚合物接觸含氧化性不安定賦形劑的眼用組成物。
氧化性不安定賦形劑、有效劑量、安定劑、可聚合基和可聚合單體全部具有上述的定義及較佳的範圍。
本發明又進一步包括一種用於含氧化性不安定醫藥成分之眼用組成物的容器,其中該容器內含有以可聚合基和至少一種可聚合單體功能化之有效劑量安定劑的聚合產物。氧化性不安定醫藥成分、有效劑量、安定劑、可聚合基和可聚合單體全部具有上述的定義及較佳的範圍。
仍,本發明又進一步包括用於含氧化性不安定賦形劑之眼用組成物的容器,其中該容器內含有以可聚合基和至少一種可聚合單體功能化之有效劑量安定劑的聚合產物。氧化性不安定賦形劑、有效劑量、安定劑、可聚合基和可聚合單體全部具有上述的定義及較佳的範圍。
本發明之組成物和方法具有許多的優點。首先,酮替芬為一種習知的氧化性不安定醫藥成分。含富馬酸酮替芬的組成物已為人所習知。這些組成物含有EDTA,並且這些組成物的pH約為5.5。該EDTA溶液可安定富馬酸酮替芬而不受氧化的分解,這些溶液的pH低於眼睛所能適應的閥值而導致某些使用該溶液的病人會因溶液的低pH值而感到不適。請看Tang,I,Wong,D.M.Yee,D.J.和Harris M.G.1996,多用途軟式隱形眼鏡溶液的酸鹼值,Optom.Vis.Sci.
73:746~749。Adler,F.H.1959,眼睛的生理學第三版第40頁。Brawner,L.W.和Jessop,D.G.1962,隱形眼鏡溶液的綜述,Contacto
6:49~51。已發現本發明之安定劑在較高pH值之下可減少含EDTA之富馬酸酮替芬溶液中的富馬酸酮替芬之分解。本發明之眼用組成物的pH較佳為介於約6.6和約7.2之間,更佳為介於約6.8和約7.0之間。
其次,已顯示含DTPA之富馬酸酮替芬溶液的保存期限優於含EDTA或PAA之富馬酸酮替芬溶液的保存期限。第三,已知加熱可增加許多醫藥成分的分解速率。已顯示本發明之安定劑可有效用於減少在較高溫度如滅菌溫度下的分解。
納入下列的實例以說明本發明。本發明並不受限於這些實例。其僅為實施本發明之方法的一種建議。熟知隱形眼鏡以及其他專業者可發現其他實施本發明的方法。然而,這些方法均被視為屬於本發明的範圍內。
下列縮寫被使用如下:
聚丙烯酸,其鈉鹽具有200,000的平均分子量。
四醋酸乙二胺.
含有下列重量比成分的去離子水:NaCl(0.83%)、硼酸(0.91%)、十水四硼酸鈉(0.1%)。
已知含過量的某些過渡金屬和其鹽類將會分解富馬酸酮替芬。其所含金屬和鹽類的數量視市售產品而不同,因此依如下方法進行一批溶液A的測定。在室溫下混合200克的溶液A然後加入富馬酸酮替芬(5毫克±2毫克)並混合至均質為止。將六支玻璃瓶各充填入3毫升的溶液。以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)密封玻璃瓶然後在124℃下將其中三支玻璃瓶加熱18分鐘。藉由HPLC分析各經處理玻璃瓶(1.0~1.5毫升)的樣本並與未處理對照比較。若經處理之玻璃瓶內的酮替芬數量低於或等於該成分的5百分比(≦5%)則適合用於進一步的試驗並且從這些成分製造更大批的溶液A。
以PPA、EDTA製備富馬酸酮替芬溶液
將PPA(2,000微克/毫升)加入溶液A,然後將50微克/毫升之富馬酸酮替芬(約36微克/毫升之酮替芬)溶解於該系統內。將EDTA(100微克/毫升)加入另一批溶液A內,然後將50微克/毫升之富馬酸酮替芬溶解於該系統內。將負一和負十二(-1.0和-12.0)的屈光etafilcon A隱形眼鏡置入各含3毫升之上述溶液的玻璃瓶內。以塗佈PTFE的橡皮塞密封玻璃瓶,在124℃下滅菌18分鐘,然後在室溫下儲存一年。在整年過程中進行取樣並藉由HPLC分析酮替芬的含量。其結果示於第1和2圖。這些結果顯示以PPA和EDTA製備之酮替芬會隨著時間而被實質性地分解。
以PPA、DTPA製備富馬酸酮替芬溶液
將Ca2
DTPA(分別為100微克/毫升和300微克/毫升以及213和640微莫耳/升)和2,000微克/毫升(0.2%,約18.51毫莫耳/升丙烯酸甲酯含量)之PAA加入不同批次的溶液A,然後將約25微克/毫升之富馬酸酮替芬溶解於各系統內。將3毫升的各溶液樣本加入含隱形眼鏡的個別玻璃瓶內。以PTFE塞子密封各組的玻璃瓶,在124℃下滅菌18分鐘,然後在80℃下儲存兩週。在不同間隔時間收集樣本然後藉由HPLC分析酮替芬的含量。其結果示於第3圖。這些結果顯示以PPA製備之酮替芬會隨著時間而被實質性地分解,但以DTPA之鈣鹽製備者則否。
將富馬酸酮替芬(50微克/毫升,約36微克/毫升之酮替芬)溶解於含約500微克/毫升DTPA(約1,272微莫耳/升之DTPA)或EDTA之鈉鹽(Na2
C10
H14
O8
N2
‧2H2
O,1,344微莫耳/升之EDTA)的溶液A內。將約50微克/毫升之列於表1的鹽類溶解於各溶液內然後將約3毫升的各溶液置入數支玻璃瓶內。以塗佈PTFE的橡皮塞密封玻璃瓶然後如表1所示進行0、1、2或3次的滅菌循環。每一次滅菌循環為在124℃下加熱18分鐘。依照表2所示的間隔時間藉由HPLC分析樣本之酮替芬的濃度。此數據顯示在氧化催化劑的存在下,與EDTA比較DTPA可減少被氧化分解的數量。
第1圖為酮替芬和PAA或EDTA的穩定性試驗。
第2圖為酮替芬和PAA或EDTA的穩定性試驗。
第3圖為酮替芬和PAA或DTPA的穩定性試驗。
Claims (11)
- 一種抑制含氧化性不安定醫藥成分之眼用組成物於高溫滅菌中金屬催化氧化分解之方法,其中該方法包括將有效劑量之安定劑加至該眼用組成物,其中該安定劑係選自由二亞乙基三胺五乙酸(diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid)和二亞乙基三胺五乙酸之鹽所構成之群組,且其中該眼用組成物為液體,其中該氧化性不安定醫藥成分係選自由酮替芬(ketotifen)、其醫藥上可接受鹽,和其混合物所構成之群組,且其中該眼用組成物物理性與隱形眼鏡接觸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該有效劑量之安定劑為約2.5微莫耳/升至約5,000微莫耳/升。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該有效劑量之安定劑為約20微莫耳/升至約1,000微莫耳/升。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該有效劑量之安定劑為約100微莫耳/升至約600微莫耳/升。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該安定劑為二亞乙基三胺五乙酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該安定劑為二亞乙基三胺五乙酸或其鹽,以及該安定劑之有效劑量為約100微莫耳/升至約1,000微莫耳/升。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該安定劑為二亞乙基三胺五乙酸或其鹽,該安定劑之有效劑量為約100微莫耳/升至約1,000微莫耳/升,以及該氧化性不安定醫藥成分為富馬酸酮替芬。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該安定劑為二亞乙基三胺五乙酸之鈣鹽、該有效劑量之安定劑為約100微莫耳/升至約1,000微莫耳/升,以及該氧化性不安定醫藥成分為富馬酸酮替芬。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該眼用組成物具有約6.6至約7.2的pH。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該眼用組成物具有約6.8至約7.2的pH。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中將該眼用組成物及隱形眼鏡滅菌。
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| US20120225918A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 | 2012-09-06 | Voom, Llc | Compositions and Methods for Non-Surgical Treatment of Ptosis |
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| US20070265234A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
| HK1127998A1 (zh) | 2009-10-16 |
| HK1132176A1 (zh) | 2010-02-19 |
| RU2462234C2 (ru) | 2012-09-27 |
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