TWI447681B - Anatomical ear model for medical education and training - Google Patents

Description

Ear anatomical model for medical education and training

The present invention relates to an ear anatomical model, and in particular to an ear anatomical model for medical education and clinical diagnosis and training.

The human ear is a very complicated and delicate organ. At present, the teaching and training of ear physiology and surgery mainly use Otoscope or Otoendoscope, and the image taken with the ear endoscope is used. . However, training with otoscopes or endoscopy may result in different characteristics being interpreted by different people over time, angle or understanding. In addition, the use of flat photos, slides to present pathological features, often due to poor authenticity or unable to match the patient's true anatomical changes to detract from the teaching effect.

Furthermore, pathological abnormalities occur in the external auditory canal and middle ear of humans, such as tympanic membrane perforation, effusion otitis media, acute otitis media, cholesteatoma, tympanosclerosis, and ear clogging. Etc. Different types of ear diseases may have very different pathological features. In addition, the lack of proper teaching aids in related fields makes it more difficult for medical students and new doctors to develop and develop.

In addition, the treatment of otolaryngology often involves surgery. For example, tympanocentesis is a common otolaryngology procedure that uses a sharp special instrument or needle to pierce the patient's tympanic membrane, allowing the middle ear fluid to drain to treat the general middle ear. Inflamed or infected. For chronic otitis media or recurrent acute otitis media, the pressure balance tube or the middle ear snorkel is placed on the tympanic membrane after myringotomy. Equalization tube or ventilation tube). When performing tympanostomy or incision, it is necessary to make the instrument contact the tympanic membrane through the narrow external auditory canal; during the operation, it is necessary to completely observe the anatomy of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane, and observe various changes and passages on the eardrum. The light-transmitting tympanic membrane confirms the condition of the middle ear cavity and requires different instruments to perform surgery on the ear canal and tympanic membrane through the external auditory canal. Therefore, the surgeon should have the skill and precision to avoid pain and discomfort caused by touching the anatomical position without contact, and it is impossible to perform surgical treatment or accidentally injure normal tissue during the procedure. Sophisticated techniques come from repeated operations; however, the most common training method in otolaryngology so far is to allow new physicians to perform surgery on patients to gain experience under the supervision of a senior physician. This model of directly treating patients as a practice object not only fails to take into account the patient's rights and interests, but also does not meet the current trend of medical education and training as the highest standard of patient safety.

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, there is a need in the art for a training model for students and medical practitioners to be familiar with the pathological features of healthy or abnormal outer ear and middle ear. In addition, there is a need in the art for a training model for otologic surgery simulation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is intended to provide a simplified summary of the disclosure The reader has a basic understanding of the disclosure. This Summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure, and is not intended to be an SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The Summary of the Disclosure is intended to provide a basic understanding of the present disclosure. This Summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure, and is not intended to be an

One aspect of the present invention is directed to a pseudo-ear anatomical model for the user to be familiar with the pathological features of the healthy or abnormal outer ear, the middle ear, or to practice ear-related treatment-related techniques.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the ear anatomical model comprises a pseudo-auricle, a tubular member, at least one inductor, at least one feedback device, an artificial tympanic membrane member, and an optical projection device. An opening is provided on the imaginary auricle. The tubular member has a tube wall and an inner surface defining an interior space; further, the front end of the tubular member is a quasi-true external auditory canal configuration and is coupled to an opening in the imaginary auricle. The at least one inductor is disposed in the tube wall of the tubular structure or on the inner surface thereof for sensing at least one physical quantity change in the inner space of the tubular member and emitting a corresponding sensing signal. The at least one feedback device is disposed in the tube wall of the tubular structure or on the inner surface thereof for emitting a warning signal based on the sensing signal. The artificial tympanic membrane member has a structural body and a light transmissive film, which together define a sealed accommodating space; the artificial tympanic membrane member is detachably mounted in the inner space of the tubular member, and the light transmissive film The direction is toward the opening of the imaginary auricle. The optical projection device is disposed in an inner space of the tubular member for projecting an image to the tubular The inner surface of the front end of the member; the image may present a healthy middle ear structure or an abnormal middle or outer ear pathological feature of at least one virtual object.

According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the ear anatomical model further includes a power supply device electrically connected to the at least one sensor, the at least one feedback device, and the optical projection device.

In an optional embodiment, at least one bonding member is disposed on an inner surface of the tubular wall of the tubular member, and at least one corresponding bonding member is disposed on an outer surface of the structural surface of the artificial tympanic membrane member, thereby using the artificial tympanic membrane The member is fixed within the interior space of the tubular member.

Optionally, the optical projection device is disposed behind the artificial tympanic membrane member to project the image onto the permeable membrane or the inner surface of the front end of the tubular member.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the at least one sensor is disposed between the narrowest cartilage hard bone boundary of the imaginary external auditory canal structure to the end of the imaginary external auditory canal structure.

According to various embodiments of the present invention, the physical quantity change may be a pressure change, a volume change, or a light change or a combination thereof.

In an optional embodiment, the warning signal may be an audio signal, an optical signal, a mechanical vibration signal, or a combination thereof.

According to still another embodiment of the present invention, when the physical quantity change is greater than a physical quantity change threshold, the feedback device may issue an alert signal based on the inductive signal. For example, the physical quantity change threshold depends on at least one physiological or psychological state of a virtual object.

Optionally, the structure of the artificial tympanic membrane member is provided with a side hole, which is selectively opened or closed for operation to/from the The sealed accommodating space of the artificial tympanic membrane member inputs/outputs a filler.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the optical projection device is a short focal length microprojection device.

Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a system for training in the diagnosis or treatment of an otology for the user to be familiar with the pathological features of the healthy or abnormal outer ear, the middle ear, or to practice the ear surgery.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the system comprises a pseudo-ear anatomical model and a processing module as described in the above aspect/embodiment of the invention. The processing module includes a communication connection unit communicatively coupled to the anatomical model of the ear to provide an image to be projected to the optical projection device.

In an optional implementation, the processing module further includes an image database for storing a plurality of image data, wherein the image data respectively present a healthy middle ear structure or an abnormal middle ear or outer ear pathological feature of the virtual object. As the image for projection by the optical projection device. In a further embodiment, the processing module further includes an operating unit for the user to add image data to the image database or delete at least one of the image data from the image database.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, the processing module can optionally include a library of physiological or mental status for storing at least one physiological or mental state associated with the virtual patient. According to an optional embodiment, the processing module can include an operating unit for the user to edit at least one physiological or mental state associated with the virtual patient.

In still another embodiment, the processing module can optionally include a control unit for the user to set a physical quantity change threshold; the door The threshold value depends at least on at least one physiological or psychological state associated with the virtual patient. In another optional embodiment, the processing module can provide the physical quantity change threshold to the at least one feedback device, so that when the physical quantity changes by more than the preset threshold, the feedback device is based on the sensing signal. The warning signal is issued.

The basic spirit and other objects of the present invention, as well as the technical means and implementations of the present invention, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art of the invention.

The description of the embodiments of the present invention is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. The features of various specific embodiments, as well as the method steps and sequences thereof, are constructed and manipulated in the embodiments. However, other specific embodiments may be utilized to achieve the same or equivalent function and sequence of steps.

Although numerical ranges and parameter boundaries are used to define a broad range of values for the present invention, the relevant values in the specific embodiments are presented as precisely as possible. However, any numerical value inherently inevitably contains standard deviations due to individual test methods. As used herein, "about" generally means that the actual value is within plus or minus 10%, 5%, 1%, or 0.5% of a particular value or range. Alternatively, the term "about" means that the actual value falls within the acceptable standard error of the average, depending on the considerations of those of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. In addition to the experimental examples, or unless otherwise It is expressly understood that all ranges, quantities, values, and percentages used herein (e.g., to describe the amount of material used, the length of time, temperature, operating conditions, quantity ratios, and the like) are modified by "about." Therefore, unless otherwise indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters disclosed in the specification and the appended claims are intended to be At a minimum, these numerical parameters should be understood as the number of significant digits indicated and the values obtained by applying the general carry method.

The scientific and technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains, unless otherwise defined herein. In addition, the singular noun used in this specification covers the plural of the noun in the case of no conflict with the context; the plural noun of the noun is also included in the plural noun used.

The human ear is mainly divided into three parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear, which are summarized below.

The anatomy of the outer ear includes the pinna or auricle, the auditory canal or ear canal, and the outer surface of the ear drum (tympanic membrane). The structure of the auricle is composed of a single fibrocartilage; its front side has a complex concave and convex structure, which is good for reflecting and absorbing sound waves into the ear; and the back side is relatively smooth. The sound waves are reflected into the ear canal through the auricle. The ear canal is from the ear socket to the outer side of the tympanic membrane. About 1/3 of the outer part is the cartilage part, and about 2/3 of the inner part is the hard bone. The last part of the outer ear is the outer surface of the tympanic membrane. The sound waves are transmitted and amplified in the ear canal and reach here to vibrate the tympanic membrane.

The middle ear refers to the tympanic membrane and the tympanic cavity behind it. The drum chamber is filled with air and there are three ossicles: the humerus (malleus), incus (incus) and sacral (stapes). The shape of the humerus is long-handed, and the two ends are respectively connected with the tympanic membrane and the anvil, thereby transmitting the vibration of the tympanic membrane to the anvil; the anvil is then transmitted to the tibia at the other end. The opening of the Eustachian Tube is also located in the middle ear.

The inner ear includes a cochlea, a vestibule, and a semicircular canal, the structure of which is hollow and covered in a rigid tibia, wherein the empty structure is filled with flowable lymph. The cochlea can be divided into three chambers: the vestibular stage, the drum stage, and the cochlear tube. At the junction of the middle ear and the inner ear, there is a small kidney-shaped window called the oval window or vestibular window. When the sonic vibration is transmitted to the footplate of the tibia, it will push the oval window and the cochlea. The liquid undergoes movement after the impact of this sound wave, thereby stimulating the auditory sensory cells of the spiral in the cochlear, which can transmit the auditory signal from the eighth pair of cranial nerves (ie, the vestibular cochlear nerve) to the brain.

In order to provide a more realistic teaching and training effect, one aspect of the present invention proposes a pseudo-ear anatomy model. Here, the so-called animate ear anatomical model means that the auricle and the external auditory canal portion of the ear anatomical model exhibit the general structure and proportion of the real human ear; for example, the concave and convex structure on the anterior side of the auricle, at the entrance of the ear canal Ear aperture and so on. In the preferred case, the tactile sensation of the imaginary ear anatomical model is similar to the tactile sensation of a real human ear. Furthermore, the size of this anatomical ear anatomical model is comparable to the general size of an adult ear, although the invention is not limited thereto. For example, a smaller amphibious anatomical model can be provided to simulate the ear of a child or child; or a larger anatomical model of the ampule can be provided for teaching and training.

1 and 2 are respectively an external and partial cross-sectional view of an auricle anatomy model 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In terms of appearance, the ear anatomical model 100 includes a pseudo-auricle 102 and a tubular member 110. One end (front end) of the tubular member 110 is open and connected to the ear hole 104 provided on the imaginary auricle 102. .

As can be seen from the partial anatomical view of Fig. 2, the tubular member 110 has a tube wall 112, and the inner surface 112S of the tube wall 112 defines an interior space 114; within or on the tube wall 112 and within the interior space 114 A variety of components (see below for details). Further, for the sake of simplicity and convenience of explanation, the tubular member 110 is further divided into two portions of the front end 110F and the rear end 110R. As can be appreciated, this distinction does not mean that the tubular member 110 must be composed of two components; in one embodiment of the invention, the front end 110F and the rear end 110R of the tubular member 110 can be an integral and continuous portion; In an embodiment, the front end 110F and the rear end 110R may be two separate components that are separable and combinable.

The front end 110F of the tubular member 110 is an imaginary external auditory canal structure, and its structural features such as angle, inner diameter and length extending from the ear hole 104 are similar to those of a general human ear. In contrast, the rear end 110R of the tubular member 110 is not limited to a specific structure as long as it can accommodate necessary or optional elements included in the anatomical model 110 of the ear according to the present invention.

In an optional embodiment, the pseudo-auricle 102 and the tubular member 110 can exhibit a tactile sensation similar to the human ear in addition to simulating the structure of the human ear to further enhance the training process. A sense of presence. In addition, the simulated auricle 102 and the tubular member 110 also need to have a certain hardness and toughness for user operation. Can use any conventional technique The imaginary auricle 102 and the tubular member 110 are prepared from materials and materials, particularly those commonly used in the field of human or organ models. For example, the pseudo-auricle 102 and/or tubular member 110 can be prepared using metals, minerals (e.g., calcium sulfate, fiberglass, etc.), plasticized materials, or combinations of the foregoing. By way of illustration and not limitation, the plasticizing material may be rubber, polyurethane resin, polymethylmethacrylate, epoxy, vinyl plastics, silicone or latex.

In order to simulate the response of a real patient and to understand the effectiveness of the user's learning, the auricle anatomy model 110 proposed herein further includes at least one sensor 120 and at least one feedback device 130. According to various embodiments of the present invention, the inductor 120 and the feedback device 130 may be disposed inside the tube wall 112 or on the inner surface 112S of the tube wall 112, respectively.

Figure 2 presents a different arrangement of the sensor 120. The inductor 120a is disposed directly above the inner surface 112S of the tube wall 112 and in contact with the inner space 114, and is not disposed inside the tube wall 112. In contrast, the inductors 120b and 120c are partially or completely disposed inside the tube wall 112, respectively. In various embodiments, one side of the inductor 120c may be in direct contact with the interior space 114 or may be covered by the inner surface 112S. In addition, the sensor 120 may also be disposed entirely inside the tube wall 112 (similar to the configuration of the feedback device 130 in FIG. 2) and not in contact with the inner surface 112S of the tube wall 112. For purposes of illustration, a plurality of inductors 120 are depicted in FIG. 2 and are configured differently; however, the invention is not limited to a particular number of inductors and configurations. For example, in one embodiment, the ear anatomical model 100 may include only a single sensor 120; In the formula, the auricle anatomy model 100 may include more than two sensors 120, but the configurations of the sensors may be identical, partially identical, or completely different.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the inductor 120 is disposed at the narrowest cartilage bone boundary of the front end 110F of the tubular member 110 (ie, the imaginary external auditory canal portion) to the end of the imaginary external auditory canal structure (front end 110F and Between the back end 110R junction). Taking the ear of a typical adult as an example, the length of the external auditory canal is about 2.3-2.9 cm, and the boundary area of the cartilage hard bone is located in the first third of the external auditory canal (about 0.75-1 cm) from the ear hole 104. Taking Figure 2 as an example, the sensor 120a is placed at the junction of the cartilage and hard bone.

In accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, the sensor 120 can be used to sense at least one physical quantity, such as pressure, volume, and/or light changes, within the interior space 114 of the tubular member 110 (particularly the front-end imaginary external auditory canal 110F).

In actual operation, when the user deepens the internal space 114 of the imaginary external auditory canal 110F, the device shields the light of the internal space 114; at this time, the sensor 120 capable of sensing the change in the intensity of the light source can recognize the position of the device and / or the distance between the instrument and the inner surface 112 of the imaginary external auditory canal 110F, and based on the detection results to generate corresponding sensing signals. In another embodiment, when the instrument is moved in the interior space 114 of the imaginary external auditory canal 110F, the flow of gas in the interior space 114 is caused to cause a slight change in pressure in the interior space 114; or, when the device is in contact When the inner surface 112 of the imaginary external auditory canal 110F is applied, a pressure is also generated thereon; at this time, the sense of pressure change can be sensed. The device 120 can detect these changes in pressure and generate corresponding sensing signals. In addition, in the process of otology diagnosis, the sound of a specific audio or volume is often used for detection; the sensor 120 capable of sensing the volume change can detect such a change in volume and generate a corresponding sensing signal.

A variety of sensors are known for detecting small changes in pressure, volume, or light; these sensors, and their equivalents, are suitable for use in the anatomical model 100 of the ear presented herein.

In one embodiment, the inductor 120 can be a photoresistor whose resistance value varies with the intensity of the light source. According to another embodiment, the inductor 120 can be a miniature piezoresistive pressure sensor that uses a piezoelectric film and the resistance value changes as the pressure changes. In yet another embodiment, the sensor 120 can be a volume detector to sense and record changes in volume. In some embodiments, the auricle anatomy model 100 can include a plurality of sensors 120, which can be the same or different sensing devices to detect different physical quantity changes. Alternatively, in some embodiments, a single sensor 120 can have two or more of the above sensing functions; and the ear anatomy model 100 can include one or more such multi-function sensors.

Referring also to Fig. 2, the feedback device 130 is shown disposed within the tube wall 112 and is not in contact with the inner surface 112S of the tube wall 112; however, the invention is not limited to this configuration. In various embodiments, one or more of the feedback devices 130 can be disposed at the location of the sensing device 120a, 120b, or 120c in FIG. Similarly, when the ear anatomical model 100 includes more than two feedback devices 130, these feedback devices The configuration can be identical, partially identical or completely different.

In use, the feedback device 130 can issue an alert signal based on the inductive signal generated by the sensor 120. The warning signal may be an audio signal, an optical signal, a mechanical vibration signal, or any combination thereof.

As described above, the inductive signals generated by the sensor 120 can reflect changes in one or more physical quantities (pressure, volume, and light) on the inner surface 112 of the imaginary external auditory canal 110 or in the interior space 114. According to various embodiments of the present invention, a physical quantity change threshold may be set for the physical parameters, and when the physical parameter change amount is greater than the physical quantity change threshold, the feedback device sends the one or more warning signals. The above physical quantity change threshold may be set by the manufacturer or the user according to an empirical or preset situation, and may be modified as needed. For example, it may be based on at least one physiological state of the virtual object (age, sex, body type, type of disease in the ear or other parts, medication treatment status, etc.) or psychological state (such as patient acceptance of device treatment) and the like. To set the threshold for this physical quantity change. This feature enables the ear anatomical model 100 to more realistically reflect the clinical condition, allowing the user to adapt to the various conditions and patient reactions that may be encountered during clinical diagnosis through the learning and training process.

For example, during the training process, when the instrument contacts the inner surface 112 of the imaginary external auditory canal 110F, the pressure on the inner surface 112 is increased, and the sensor 120 can detect this pressure change. When the above pressure change exceeds the physical quantity change threshold, it means that the force of the device touching the inner surface 112 is too large, which may cause discomfort to the real patient; at this time, the feedback device 130 may issue a warning signal to remind the user to pay attention to the above. situation. Alternatively, during the training process, the sensor 120 can detect the position of the device. When the device position is correct or incorrect, the feedback device 130 can issue different warning signals to improve the learning efficiency of the user.

In one embodiment, the warning signal can be a simple mechanical signal (eg, a beep), a light signal (such as a bright light or a flash), or a mechanical shock, or any combination of the above. In another embodiment, the alert signal can simulate a human voice or utterance (eg, 唉唷) to provide a more realistic effect.

In a further embodiment, the intensity or frequency of the warning signal may also be adjusted according to the amount of change of the detected physical quantity relative to the physical quantity change threshold value. For example, when the pressure applied to the inner surface 112 of the imaginary external auditory canal 110F is greater, a higher intensity warning signal can be emitted, alerting the user. The intensity or frequency of the above warning signal, such as the size or repetition frequency of the sound signal, the brightness or flicker frequency of the light signal, the strength of the vibration signal, or the interval frequency.

Although the sensor 120 and the feedback device 130 shown in FIG. 2 are two independent devices, in one embodiment, they may be integrated into a single device. For example, the micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) can be used to integrate the sensor 120 and the feedback device 130 into a micro-electromechanical system, and realize a small and rapid sensing and feedback system through the integrated technology. .

The ear anatomical model 100 also includes an artificial tympanic membrane member 140. One of the features of the artificial tympanic membrane member 140 is that it has a light transmissive film 142 which is similar in appearance and touch to the human tympanic membrane, so that the user can familiarize with the feeling of piercing the real tympanic membrane during training. . Artificial Another feature of the eardrum member 140 is that it has a structure 144 that collectively defines a sealed containment space 145. This confined housing space 145 can be used to accommodate a filling (such as a liquid or solid filling) to simulate a different middle ear condition. In the preferred case, the thickness of the structural body 144 (in the longitudinal direction of the external auditory canal) approximates the thickness of the inflamed tissue to provide a more realistic experience for the user. In various embodiments, the closed containment space can be filled with liquids of different viscosities or shades to simulate varying degrees of inflammatory conditions.

According to various embodiments of the present invention, the artificial eardrum member 140 is detachably mounted in the inner space 114 of the tubular member 110; when disposed, the light transmissive film 142 is oriented toward the opening 104 of the pseudo-auricle 102, The user is enabled to view the light transmissive film 142 via the front end of the tubular member (ie, the imaginary external auditory canal) 110F and perform necessary operations.

In an alternative embodiment, in order to retain the artificial tympanic membrane member 140 in a fixed position within the tubular member 110, corresponding coupling members 116 and 146 may be disposed on the tubular member 110 and the artificial tympanic membrane member 140, respectively. For example, the coupling member 116 and the coupling member 146 may be mechanically engaged members that match each other, but the invention is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the artificial tympanic membrane member 140 may be otherwise secured (eg, an adhesive) without the use of a fixed bonding member.

The artificial eardrum member 140 shown in Fig. 2 is composed of two separable members, wherein the light transmissive film 142 is detachably mounted at the opening of the structural body 144. In one embodiment, the filler may be filled into the accommodating space 145 from the opening before the permeable film 142 is installed, and then the permeable film 142 may be inserted, adhered or otherwise. The structure is mounted on the structure 144 to close the opening of the structure 144. In another embodiment, a side hole 148 may be disposed on the structure body 144. The side hole 148 is operable to be selectively opened or closed for the user to inject the filling material into the sealing space through the side hole 148. The space 145 is placed or the filler in the sealed accommodation space 145 is discharged.

FIG. 3 illustrates an artificial eardrum member 340 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. The artificial tympanic membrane member 340 can also be divided into two portions of the permeable membrane 342 and the structural body 344, but the two portions are not composed of separate components that are separable. In one embodiment, the light transmissive film 342 and the structure 344 are formed by integrally molding the same material, but the invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the artificial tympanic membrane member 340 can also include a coupling member 346 corresponding to the coupling member 116 located on the tubular member 110 to maintain the artificial tympanic membrane member 340 in a desired position within the tubular member 110. In an embodiment, the filler is pre-filled in the sealed accommodation space 345 of the artificial eardrum member 340, but the invention is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the sealed accommodating space 345 may also be free of fillers, or the structural body 344 of the artificial tympanic membrane member 340 may be provided with side holes (not shown in FIG. 3) for the user to The filler is input/output by the sealed accommodation space 345.

In some embodiments, the light transmissive film 142, the light transmissive film 342, or the entire artificial eardrum member 340 can be made of silicone, latex, or a mixture thereof. Further, the structural body 144 or the structural body 344 may be made of a plastic material. In accordance with certain embodiments, the structures 144, 344 are also permeable to light, such that images projected by the optical projection device 150 positioned behind the artificial tympanic membrane members 140, 340 can be imaged over the permeable films 142, 342.

Another feature of the invention is that the artificial tympanic membrane member 140 (particularly the permeable membrane 142), 340 is a replaceable component. In actual use, if the light transmissive film 142 or the artificial eardrum member 340 is pierced or damaged for other reasons, the new light transmissive film 142 or the artificial eardrum member 340 can be directly replaced without replacing a whole set of ears. Partial anatomical model 100. This feature substantially reduces the cost of acquisition and maintenance of the anatomical model 100 of the ear.

Returning to Fig. 2, another feature of the present invention is that the ear anatomical model 100 further has an optical projection device 150 disposed within the interior space 114 of the tubular member 110 in a position sufficient to project an image to be permeable. The light film 142 is on the inner surface 112S of the front end of the tubular member (i.e., the imaginary external auditory canal) 110F. In one embodiment, the optical projection device 150 can be disposed behind the artificial tympanic membrane member 140 (as shown in FIG. 2). However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration; for example, the optical projection device 150 may be disposed in front of the artificial eardrum member 140 to image on the inner surface 112S of the light transmissive film 142 or the imaginary external auditory canal 110F; Note that the position of the optical projection device 150 at this time should not hinder the patency of the inner space of the imaginary external auditory canal 110F, so as not to hinder the user from viewing or operating the light transmissive film 142.

In actual use, the optical projection device 150 can project different images on the inner surface 112S of the permeable film 142 simulating the real tympanic membrane or even the imaginary external auditory canal 110F to simulate various healthy or abnormal outer ear and middle ear pathological features. For example, FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of the optical projection device 150 projecting a healthy tympanic membrane image A onto the permeable membrane 142; and FIG. 4B is an optical projection device 150 for projecting a perforated tympanic image B to the permeable surface. Schematic diagram on the light film 142.

This reproducible or stereoscopic image enhances the reliability and presence of medical teaching and training. In addition, compared to traditionally using different structures of the imaginary tympanic membrane to present the pathological features of different diseases, a single artificial tympanic membrane member 140 is used with different images to simulate different disease characteristics, and the ear anatomical model 100 can be reduced. Acquisition cost. In another embodiment, the image for projection is from an expandable or editable image database to provide the user with the latest medical condition or diagnosis technique.

Various microprojection devices or equivalents thereof can be utilized as the optical projection device 150 described herein; in one embodiment, the optical projection device 150 is a short focal length microprojection device or a micro stereoscopic (3D) projection device.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the ear anatomical model 100 can also include a power supply device (not shown). The power supply device is electrically connected to the sensor 120, the feedback device 130, and the optical projection device 150, respectively, to provide the power required for the devices to operate. The power supply devices described herein can be implemented using a variety of known power supply techniques and devices. In an embodiment, the power supply device can utilize a disposable battery or a rechargeable battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged as a power source. In addition, if you use a secondary battery, you can charge it with wired or wireless charging technology. In another embodiment, the power supply device can utilize an AC power source (eg, a household power source) with a transformer or a rectifier transformer as a source of power.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a system for training in the diagnosis or treatment of an otology. The system is characterized by the combination of hardware (ear anatomical model) and software (information stored in the processing module), which can realistically present the pathological features of various external and middle ear. Furthermore, the user The parameters can be modified through the processing module so that the ear anatomical model can realistically simulate the patient's physiological condition and response. In addition, the processing module includes an expandable image database to familiarize users with new diseases and technologies without the need to purchase additional hardware.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the system for training in otologic diagnosis or treatment comprises an auricle anatomy model according to the above aspect/embodiment of the invention and a processing module. In a preferred embodiment, the system described above may include a pair of the above-described ear anatomical models (one for each of the left and right ears). In other embodiments, the system includes a base for placing and securing the anatomical model of the ear; in the preferred case, the base can be designed to be the shape of the human head. In addition, the base (or human head model) can be resilient for bending so that the user can easily adjust the angle of the ear configuration.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a processing module 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The processing module 500 can be combined with various ear anatomical models according to the present invention (eg, the ear anatomical model 100 shown in FIG. 2). For use, a system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.

As shown in FIG. 5, the processing module 500 includes one or more communication connection units 510 that are communicatively coupled to the ear anatomical model 100 to thereby image one or more images to be used for projection (eg, Figure 4A). The image A) shown is provided to the optical projection device 150. Moreover, in an optional embodiment, the communication connection unit 510 can also transmit other materials (described later) to the sensor 120 and/or the feedback device 130 of the ear anatomical model 100.

By way of illustration and not limitation, the communication connection unit 510 can pass through any Wired (for example, direct wired connection such as wired network or USB) or wireless (such as infrared, Bluetooth, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and wi-fi) And or parameter data is transmitted to the ear anatomical model 100.

The processing module 500 further includes an image database 520 in which a plurality of image data are stored, the image data respectively presenting a healthy middle ear structure or an abnormal middle ear or outer ear pathological feature of one or more virtual objects (or patients). In actual use, one or more of the image data may be transmitted to the ear anatomical model 100 through the communication connection unit 510.

In an optional implementation, the processing module 500 further includes one or more operating units 530 for the user to add, edit, or delete image data in the image database 520. For example, the user can input image information into the image database 520 or delete the image data in the image database 520 via an input device (not shown) that is communicatively coupled to the operation unit 530a. By way of illustration and not limitation, the input device may be a keyboard, a pointing device (eg, a mouse, trackball or trackpad), a scanner, or other image capture device. These and other input devices are typically connected to the processing unit via a user input interface coupled to the system bus, but may also be connected via other interfaces and bus structures, such as parallel ports, game cartridges, or universal serial busses (USB). ).

In addition, the processing module 500 can also include a physiological or mental state database 540 for storing physiological or mental states associated with one or more virtual patients. In some embodiments, the user can edit and virtualize via an input device (not shown) that is communicatively coupled to the operating unit 530b. The physiological or psychological state of the patient.

The processing module 500 further includes a control unit 550. The user can set a physical quantity change threshold through an input device (not shown) that is communicatively coupled to the control unit 550. In accordance with the principles and spirit of the present invention, a user should at least consider at least one physiological or psychological state associated with a virtual patient when setting a threshold for changing the physical quantity (eg, pressure, volume, or light). Alternatively, the training system can provide a recommended physical quantity change threshold value for the user to set in the control unit 550 based on the data stored in the physiological or mental state database 540 through an output device (not shown) such as a display. .

In another embodiment, the control unit 550 can also be used by the user to set the type of the alert signal, the alert signal strength, and/or the alert signal frequency generated by the feedback device 130.

In addition, the processing module 500 can also provide the physical quantity change threshold value to the feedback device 130 of the ear anatomical model 100, so that when the physical quantity change detected by the sensor 120 is greater than a preset threshold value, the feedback device 130 can be based on The sensing signal generated by the sensor 120 sends a warning signal.

As can be appreciated, although various elements of the processing module 500 are described herein with reference to FIG. 5, and each of these elements performs a different function; the invention is not limited thereto. In particular, one unit may be utilized to perform one or more of the above-described functions, or a single function may be distributed by a plurality of units. In addition, different units in the processing module 500 can be implemented as software, hardware, and/or carcasses. For example, if the execution speed and accuracy are the primary considerations, the units can basically be dominated by hardware and/or carcass; if design flexibility is the primary consideration, then these units are basically optional software. Mainly; or, these units can work together in software, hardware and carcass. It should be understood that the above examples are not intended to limit the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to flexibly select the specific embodiments of the units as needed.

Certain aspects of the system presented herein for use in the training of otologic diagnosis or treatment are described below in terms of different embodiments, so that those of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains may be practiced. The embodiments are to be considered as illustrative only and are not to be considered as limiting. It is believed that the skilled artisan, after reading the description set forth herein, may fully utilize and practice the invention without undue interpretation. All publications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Example Example 1: Chronic effusion otitis media

Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5 at the same time. When the user wants to be familiar with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of chronic effusion otitis media, the user can operate the operation unit 530a of the treatment module 500 using an input device (not shown) such as a mouse or a keyboard to cause chronic effusion. The input device (not shown) of the communication connection of the patient with otitis media enters the image information into the image database 520, and causes the processing module 500 to transmit the image to the optical projection device 150 through the communication connection unit 510. Further, it is imaged on the light transmissive film 142 of the artificial eardrum member 140.

In the case of chronic effusion otitis media, this condition usually does not significantly affect the sensitivity of the external auditory canal to pressure changes, so no extra is needed. Set the physical quantity change threshold of the training system, and use the preset general physical quantity change threshold. For example, the threshold value of the physical quantity change may depend on the pressure limit of the general patient when the ear examination is accepted, and when the force of the device touching the ear canal of the patient is higher than the threshold value of the physical quantity change, Make the patient feel uncomfortable and react (eg, shouting or dodging).

For example, in the diagnosis and treatment of otology, cotton swabs or metal surgical instruments are usually used, and the contact faces of the two are about 0.2 cm and 0.02 cm, respectively. Generally speaking, during the diagnosis and treatment process, the positive contact force generated by the medical practitioners touching the ear canal or the tympanic membrane of the patient is about 0.01 kg force (kgf); therefore, the pressure intensity generated on the contact surface of the device when using the cotton swab It is about 0.318 kilograms per square centimeter, which is equivalent to 0.312 bar. If metal surgical instruments are used, the pressure intensity generated on the contact surface of the device is about 31.8 kilograms per square centimeter, which is equivalent to 31.2 bar.

Taking ordinary adult healthy individuals as an example, the ear canal and tympanic membrane can withstand a pressure of about 1 to 10 atm (equivalent to 1.033 bar to 10.33 bar). When the pressure strength exceeds the acceptable range, the eardrum is likely to be perforated. Therefore, in an embodiment, the intermediate value of the above pressure range (i.e., 5 bar) may be taken as the pressure change threshold value. In another embodiment, the pressure threshold can be lowered for subjects who are more sensitive to stress (eg, young children, elderly people, or people with specific diseases) (eg, adjusted to 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, or 4.5 bar). In yet another embodiment, the threshold for pressure change can be increased for subjects less sensitive to stress or subjects receiving anesthesia (eg, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9 or 9.5 bar).

When the user performs an examination training with an otoscope or a surgical training with a surgical instrument, the instrument enters the imaginary external auditory canal 110F via the ear hole 104. In an embodiment, when the device contacts the inner surface 112S of the imaginary external auditory canal 110F, the sensor 120 can sense a change in pressure. When the external pressure exceeds a preset physical quantity change threshold, the feedback device 130 can issue a warning. Signal (eg, vibration, sound, light, or any combination of the above). In another embodiment, the sensor 120 can sense the change of light in the imaginary external auditory canal 110F to detect the position of the inspection or surgical instrument. When the light sensing is blocked by the device, the feedback device 120 can send a warning signal to Prompt the user if the instrument is in the correct or wrong position. During the actual operation, when the blade is opened by the patient's tympanic membrane and the effusion in the middle ear is sucked, a huge noise is generated, causing discomfort to the patient. Therefore, in another embodiment, when the sensor 120 detects that the position of the surgical instrument is sufficient to cut through the permeable membrane 142, the feedback device 120 can send a warning signal to simulate the real reaction of the patient during the operation. The embodiments described above are merely illustrative and are not mutually exclusive embodiments; it is contemplated that the systems described herein can be implemented in the above embodiments simultaneously or separately. For example, the sensor 120 can be a single sensor capable of sensing changes in pressure, light, or volume, or can be configured with a plurality of sensors 120 having different sensing characteristics; and in actual use, the feedback device 120 can respond to changes in various physical quantities. And issue one or more warning signals.

Example 2: Acute bullous ear inflammation

Acute bullous ear inflammation is an acute tympanic membrane inflammation caused by a virus It will cause the external auditory canal to be sensitive to pressure changes. Therefore, when using this training system to familiarize with the diagnosis and treatment of acute bullous earditis, the threshold of physical quantity change must be adjusted. For example, the pressure change threshold can be reduced to one-half (ie, 2.5 bar) of the pressure change threshold described in Example 1 above.

Similar to the embodiment 1, the image of acute bullous ear osteitis can be transmitted to the optical projection device 150 via the communication connection unit 510. The image may be pre-stored in the image database 520; or may be stored in the image database 520 by the user via the input unit via the operation unit 530a.

In an embodiment, the user can edit the physiological or psychological state of the virtual patient with acute bullous ear otitis through an input device (not shown) that is communicatively coupled to the operating unit 530b; and the training system can The recommended physical quantity change threshold value is provided to the user for reference through a screen, and the user sets the appropriate physical quantity change threshold value through the control unit 550. In another embodiment, the user may set the appropriate physical quantity change threshold directly through the control unit 550 without modifying the information stored in the physiological or mental state database 540. Thereafter, the processing module 500 can transmit the set new physical quantity change threshold (for example, via the communication connection unit 510 or other communication connection capability component) to the feedback device 130, so that the physical quantity detected by the sensor 120 changes. When the new physical quantity change threshold is higher than the new physical quantity change threshold, the feedback device 130 can issue a corresponding warning signal.

Example 3: Acute external auditory canal inflammation

Acute external auditory canal is caused by environmental irritation or skin damage to the external auditory canal. In the early stage of the disease, the ear canal has a burning sensation. As the disease progresses, the external auditory canal begins to swell and even secrete out.

In this embodiment, the optical projection device 150 can project a swollen external auditory canal image onto the inner surface 112S of the tubular member front end (ie, the imaginary external auditory canal) 110F. On the other hand, this condition makes the external auditory canal of the patient more sensitive to external stimuli. Therefore, when setting the threshold of pressure change, a very low threshold value can be used; for example, the threshold value of the pressure change can be set as described in the above embodiment 1. One tenth of the threshold value of the pressure change (ie, 0.5 bar). In addition, in this case, the patient may be more responsive to external stimuli. Therefore, the control unit 550 can also adjust the intensity of the warning signal sent by the feedback device 130 (for example, to raise the volume or vibrate).

Although the embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in the above embodiments, the present invention is not intended to limit the invention, and the present invention may be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made thereto, and the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

100‧‧‧ Ear Anatomy Model

102‧‧‧realistic auricle

104‧‧‧ Ear hole

110‧‧‧Tubular components

110F‧‧‧ tubular member front end

110R‧‧‧Tubular component back end

112‧‧‧ wall

112S‧‧‧ inner surface of the pipe wall

114‧‧‧Internal space

120, 120a, 120b, 120c‧‧‧ sensors

130‧‧‧Return device

140, 340‧‧‧ artificial tympanic membrane components

142, 342‧‧‧ permeable film

144, 344‧‧‧ structures

145, 345‧‧‧ accommodating space

146, 346‧‧‧ joint components

148‧‧‧ side hole

150‧‧‧Optical projection device

500‧‧‧Processing module

510‧‧‧Communication connection unit

520‧‧‧Image database

530, 530a, 530b‧‧‧ operating unit

540‧‧‧Physical or Mental Status Database

550‧‧‧Control unit

The above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent and understood. The description of the drawings is as follows: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an ear anatomical model 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Appearance; Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the auricle anatomy model 100; 3 is a schematic view of an artificial eardrum member 340 according to another embodiment of the present invention; FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic views respectively showing the different projection images of the optical projection device 150 on the light transmissive film 142; and FIG. The block diagram illustrates a processing module 500 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

The various features and elements in the figures are not drawn to scale, and are in the In addition, similar elements/components are referred to by the same or similar element symbols throughout the different drawings.

100‧‧‧ Ear Anatomy Model

102‧‧‧realistic auricle

104‧‧‧ Ear hole

110‧‧‧Tubular components

110F‧‧‧ tubular member front end

110R‧‧‧Tubular component back end

112‧‧‧ wall

112S‧‧‧ inner surface of the pipe wall

114‧‧‧Internal space

120, 120a, 120b, 120c‧‧‧ sensors

130‧‧‧Return device

140‧‧‧Artificial tympanic membrane components

142‧‧‧Light transmissive film

144‧‧‧ structure

145‧‧‧ accommodating space

146‧‧‧Combined components

148‧‧‧ side hole

150‧‧‧Optical projection device

Claims (19)

An ear anatomical model comprising: a pseudo-auricle having an opening; a tubular member having a front end and a rear end, and an inner surface of the tube wall defining an inner space, wherein The front end of the tubular member is an imaginary external auditory canal structure and is connected to the opening; at least one inductor is disposed in the tube wall of the tubular structure or on the inner surface of the tube wall for sensing the inner surface or the inner space At least one physical quantity change and a corresponding one of the sensing signals; at least one feedback device disposed in the tube wall of the tubular structure or on the inner surface of the tube wall for issuing a warning based on the sensing signal An artificial tympanic membrane member having a structure and a light transmissive film, which together define a sealed accommodating space, wherein the tympanic membrane member is detachably mounted in the inner space of the tubular member And the light transmissive film is oriented toward the opening of the imaginary auricle; and an optical projection device disposed in the inner space of the tubular member is disposed at a position sufficient to project an image to the An inner surface of the front end of the member or the tubular film, wherein the image exhibits at least one healthy ear virtual object configured or abnormal middle or the external ear pathology. The ear anatomy model of claim 1, further comprising a power supply device electrically connected to the at least one sensor and the at least one feedback device and the optical projection device. The ear anatomical model according to claim 1, wherein an inner surface of the tube wall of the tubular member is provided with at least one joint member, and at least one corresponding joint is provided on an outer surface of the structure of the artificial drum membrane member. A member for securing the artificial tympanic membrane member within the interior space of the tubular member. The ear anatomical model of claim 1, wherein the optical projection device is disposed behind the accommodating slot. The ear anatomical model of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor is disposed between the narrowest cartilage hard bone boundary of the imaginary external auditory canal structure to the end of the imaginary external auditory canal. The anatomy model of the ear according to claim 1, wherein the warning signal is an audio signal, an optical signal or a mechanical vibration signal. The ear anatomical model of claim 1, wherein the change in the physical quantity is a change in pressure, volume, or light. The ear anatomy model of claim 1, wherein the feedback device sends the warning signal based on the sensing signal when the change in the physical quantity is greater than a physical quantity change threshold. The ear anatomical model of claim 7, wherein the physical quantity change threshold is at least dependent on a physiological or psychological state of the at least one virtual object. The ear anatomical model according to claim 1, wherein the structure of the artificial tympanic membrane member is provided with a side hole that is selectively opened or closed for operation to/from the sealed accommodating space. Input/output a filler. The ear anatomical model of claim 1, wherein the optical projection device is a short focal length microprojection device. A system for training in the diagnosis or treatment of an otology, comprising: the anatomical model of the ear according to claim 1, and a processing module comprising a communication connection unit communicatively coupled to the anatomical model of the ear The image is provided to the optical projection device. The system of claim 12, wherein the processing module further comprises an image database for storing a plurality of image data, wherein the image data respectively present a healthy middle ear structure or an abnormal middle ear or outer ear of the virtual object Pathological features as the image for projection by the optical projection device. The system of claim 13, wherein the processing module is further packaged An operation unit is provided for the user to add image data to the image database or delete at least one of the image data from the image database. The system of claim 12, wherein the processing module further comprises a physiological or mental state database for storing at least one physiological or mental state associated with the virtual patient. The system of claim 15, wherein the processing module further comprises an operating unit for the user to edit at least one physiological or mental state associated with the virtual patient. The system of claim 12, wherein the processing module further comprises a control unit for the user to set a physical quantity change threshold, wherein the physical quantity change threshold is at least dependent on at least one physiological or Mental state. The system of claim 17, wherein the processing module provides the physical quantity change threshold to the at least one feedback device, so that when the physical quantity change is greater than the preset threshold, the feedback device is based on the sensing signal Send this warning signal. The system of claim 12, wherein the ear anatomical model is the ear anatomical model of any one of claims 2 to 11.