TWI309114B - Frequency domain partial response signaling with high spectral efficiency and low peak to average power ratio - Google Patents

Description

""1 Ίι 1 1309114 97年"月20日修正 replacement page

II 1 〜一一 | M Patent Application No. 94106190 Supplementary, Corrected, Unlined Instruction Manual Amendment Page IX. IX. INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The field of the invention relates to communication systems Especially for the modulation technology of the communication system. , [Prior Art] Basically, a communication system transmits information from a location or communication source to a location or destination. The information from the information source is transmitted to a second location or destination via a channel, and the channel is basically a channel with noise. Therefore, the channel imports different types of noise. In the context of "noise," refers to different types of signal destruction, such as interference, attenuation, damping, environmental impact, and electronic noise, which change the characteristics of the signal transmitted to a channel. Therefore, it is transmitted to a channel and received by the receiver. The signal is a combination of the transmitted signal and the noise effect introduced by the channel when passing through the channel. In the cellular communication system, a type of noise is called "interference". In particular, at least the communication secret towel has Two different types of interference · Co-channel interference (CCI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI). In the communication system • Generate CCI 'This is due to the fact that there are several transmitters communicating with the range receiver The signal from the transmitter can interfere with the signal from the other transmitter. For example, in a communication system, several mobile stations communicate with the same receiver, resulting in CCI. Each transmitter is a single-directional Transmitter. However, the signal transmitted from the transmitter has multiple paths when transmitting from the transmitter to the receiver. This causes ISI' to be a self-interfering type 0 as described above, in the communication system In the information transmission from a source of information to the purpose of 1309114 丨97 η月〇2〇·_94106190 Patent application, revised, unlined manual revision page in triplicate - ground transmission, carried by a carrier signal, The carrier signal is modulated to contain or carry information. Different types of modulation are used to transmit the information via the channel, and the program is changed to change the carrier characteristics according to the established standard or method; Information equipment or "modulation" of the load: the carrier signal is transmitted by the signal source to the destination via the channel. For example, in a cellular communication system, the modulation is changed to change the electronic carrier when the footprint is transmitted. Program. The most commonly used modulation modes are frequency modulation p (FM), modulation (AM) and phase modulation (PM). One modulation technique used in today's industry is orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM). OFDM is a kind of A modulation technique for multi-carrier modulation. Multi-carrier modulation applies different information to modulate multiple carriers, all carriers are transmitted simultaneously or in parallel at the same time. OFDM has high spectral efficiency and can tolerate large paths. Attenuation. As mentioned above, the transmitter is multi-directional. Therefore, signals emanating from a transmitter or transmission source can be routed through a number of different paths to a receiver or a destination. The attenuation causes the change of carrying information. § Basically, when there is no carrier transmission, the information of the signal is called the fundamental frequency signal. Sometimes the fundamental frequency signal must be loaded into the high frequency carrier and then communicated. The high frequency carrier signal of the frequency signal becomes a passband signal via appropriate modulation. 'The efficiency of the system using OFDM is based on simultaneous or parallel transmission of multiple subcarriers in time. This will reduce the secondary carrier. The bit rate of each subcarrier is provided. An increase of "N" is provided at the total bit rate, where "N" is the number of subcarriers. In addition, because the signal of the low bit rate is not accepted by the patent application No. 94106190, and the revised page without the scribe line is corrected by the ISI and the sub-symbols are orthogonal, it can be adjusted in an independent manner. Change the secondary carrier. A conventional OFDM system consists of a set of sub-symbols X[k] transmitted over time, using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). The fundamental frequency signal of the time domain can be expressed as: x[nJ = -^= X[k]-exp •^ η^〇,1...Ν-1

• Phase κ = 0 ^ ^ J Therefore, the long-transmission OFDM symbol vector of N samples can be expressed as: ^n=IFFT{Xn} where Xn and XN represent the time-domain and frequency-domain symbol vectors, respectively. In a representative OFDM system, a coded two-bit symbol or a bit string is listed as a complex number. A plurality of documents from the list of Laos. The complex is then used to modulate the set of orthogonal subcarriers into inverse time Fourier transforms to produce time domain money. The resulting _ baseband money is modulated on the complex frequency (RF), and the noise transmitted to the channel via the null-mediated channel and the dispersion before reception cause the signal to be broken. There are a number of problems related to the use of 〇FDM modulation, such as due to the employment and special axis. For example, (8), this is the channel problem when the signal is detected. Moreover, the amount and rate of information that can be transmitted under the width of the transmission and reception (4) c is 2; it is necessary to overcome the loss of the signal in the case of limited frequency noise. And because of channel 1309114

Patent Application No. 94106190 Supplementary, Corrected, Unlined Manual Amendment Page in Triplicate An old problem with OFDM systems is the peak to average power ratio (PAR or PAPR). PAR is the ratio of the peak power of the ondm signal in the time domain to the average power delivered. High PARs are often difficult to handle, and due to incomplete RF power amplifiers (RFPA), compromises in unwanted power flux are required, resulting in low output power or capacity. What's more, operating an RFpA in back off mode results in lower output power

Rate, reduce throughput or capacity and produce very low power and excessive heat at the transmitter. The most common way to reduce the PAPR is to cut the critical signal as long as the vibration of the envelope exceeds the cutoff threshold. The problem of this technique is double. The first is that the fidelity of the signal is degraded: this is because (4) the high peak signal is such that any wear action of the amplitude compression method of the signal energy causes frequent frequency in the frequency domain. Expanded (but very small). Also, if we use 16 64QAM, the same high-order touch, the effectiveness of cutting will be reduced. β

Compressed Ccompan-g; effectively reduces pApR, another method. However, with this method, there is a problem of _bandwidth expansion ί== effect processing multipath channel. The iteration rate === is a system and method for reducing the efficiency of the system and 4==== = OFDM system (8) _ hit and attenuation ^ spectral efficiency. %Transmission rate or [Invention content] -8 9 士 January 2nd 修正 Revision replacement page 1309114 Patent application No. 94106190 Supplementary, revised, unlined instruction sheet Revision III - Application - QFDM system provides execution A system and method for responding to a signaling in which a signal is transmitted via a partial f in the frequency domain. One of the characteristics is that the cyclic stack of data strings in the time domain is then converted into the domain, so that the time-shifting in the pre-launch is not reduced too much. Passing, the other aspect of the invention is a lion-diffusion polynomial, the polynomial =, the thin part of the spectrum message can be a part of the hidden part of the response signal has a near zero _ near zero vibration =: In the response signal, the peak in the frequency domain is removed = two: the sign is reduced in the time domain by the leg and allowed to be flat: the peak to the device encountered in the power domain with lower power: implementation] Please refer to FIG. 1, wave_J contains-transmitter 14, 1 is not; = system H), the system J system 10 uses time domain partial response (TDPR) J machine 18 ' which should now refer to the figure cyclical accumulation Tune the street. The transmitter frequency multiplex (ofdG 24, a series of columns including a pair of maps 22, an 3 (IFFT) unit 28 a parallel (four) column conversion leaf conversion long time unit 1309114 97, W correction replacement page sound 941 〇 619 The nickname patent application is supplemented and amended without a slash description 'Amendment page Triplicate (PU) 32. Transmitter 14 transmits information to the receiver 18 via channel 16. Channel 16 is a channel containing noise. The machine 18 includes a tandem to parallel conversion unit 34, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) unit 36, a tandem to parallel conversion unit 38, a maximum possible (ML) estimator unit 40 and a pair of map unit 42. The information in the pattern of the binary signal is received at the transmitter 14 end and the output mapper 22 performs the mapping or encoding of the complex array using the μ column number to generate a complex signal, which is then used for The carrier signal is modulated or prepared to transmit the signal, as will be explained hereinafter. Transmitter 14 transmits a carrier signal via channel 16 to receiver 18. A time-based signal type carrier signal is introduced via channel 16. Noise to the carrier signal 'like x[n], Corresponding to the channel of the channel 16 ^ '如刚. The eucalyptus unit 24 executes on the plural money - the preceding unit attaches the cyclic preamble (CP) to the complex letter, the other guide & or the beginning, this It helps to compensate channel =, TDPR 〇 FDM symphony for the rest of the signal suppression interference (ISI). Dry J people 戟 〇 ^ = _ ship 16 material convolution, in the receiver 丨 8 Intermittent wave (ie, mutual channel) interference (ICI), and the time-domain symbol of the inter-personal-human payload. The sub-band is guided by the hexacyclic ring =: thus shortening the complex signal, as explained above. Based on i tICI

The cyclic stacker unit 24 introduces the ICI V system or the well-known dispersion amount of the desired or generated filaments to produce - 1〇

Japanese Correction Replacement Page 1309114 Patent Application No. 94106190 Supplementary, amended, unlined manual revision page, triplicate, partial-partial response signal. In the system 1 〇 +, the well-known Μ-order polynomial (10) - cyclical accumulation, the multiple "form ^ cn = [c (0) c (1) ... c (M-1) 00... PR] The PR polynomial can be expressed as a gamma __ vector with a long non-N of M non-zero terms. The resulting time domain symbol is represented by ^ as follows: xn=IFFT[Xn®cn] 5 is shouted as The cyclic stack performed by the cyclic demultiplexer unit 24, on the consecutive consecutive subcarriers, the :# signal is dispersed in the sub-symbol =, the receiver 18 needs the -sequence detection mechanism to solve the sub-symbol of the input, And executed by the ML debt detector unit 40. Based on the other counties of the county with the CN

The symbol carries a ring-and-spoke message as follows: eN=IFFT{cN} By appropriate polynomial vector to cN, the receiver can arbitrarily suppress the energy in some parts of the time-symbol vector. For example, consider the polynomial group obtained from the power coefficient of P(r)h: V1309114 1ί: , Japanese revision replacement page No. 94106190, the patent application supplements, the modified domain line! The correction page is generated in triplicate from this polynomial The message envelope vector has a zero value at each limit point (nullh result, the energy at the limit point or the energy at the end of the time domain symbol vector packet is effectively suppressed and can be removed. Therefore, the loop, the accumulator, 24 The limit point in the time domain produces a partial response signal with near zero energy. The most common method for less system PAPR is as long as the vibration of the message seal (_) exceeds the cutoff threshold, this problem has a double, the first - For example, the trueness of the signal is two:) Γ The first peak signal sample causes any clipping action of the signal u-scaling method to cause the bandwidth in the frequency domain to expand (but is extremely small). In addition, the five 64QAM, etc. Have Sex will be reduced. Another method of compression and expansion is to make a reduction, the allowed bandwidth = two elephants have: engraved: and, this method requires a special stomach more than ^, there is f and attached / method in the money to work 'Method. Required> The effective coding rate of the system, the partial response signal of the signal that must be sacrificed can be achieved by the frequency domain. The serial to parallel conversion order is from = to the parallel conversion unit 26 furnace donor "Congratulation xJ A 26 will convert part of the response signal from serial 28 = Ding = partial response signal to swollen Ding single;; to produce = the real and imaginary part of the signal response by A virtual : The string is received. The unit converts the signal into a string _ to generate two 1309114 ai, U 〇 day correction replacement page, 94106190 patent application supplement, revised no scribe line correction page, a triplicate response signal. Referring to Figures 2(8) and 2(b), the time-symbol of 64 samples is used. The effect of the partial response is generated on the domain symbol vector. Now, please refer to the 'absolute value or the vibration-reduction--64 press-riding symbol. , not in the frequency domain - the group removes the selected quadrant shift symbol, any star Figure: The time should be smashed. In Figure 2(b), the near-endpoint suppression is applied, and the number of compressions in the inter-symbol is corresponding to the corresponding time symbol of the suffix. Loss, the sample of this endpoint, there is actually no signal - part H as part of the transmission response to the contraction signal, HA does not transfer the amount of compression time equivalent to transmission -. The reduction time is interpreted as an additional bandwidth. & This is because the PR effect can be in one embodiment, Lisi 1 Λ * ^ 6 "under carrier. The system is dry: the second is: (10) M system, system, which uses PR polynomial for M=1, 2, 3 and, '4^ or M=4 order. 6, 8 12 ' 16 ' 24 ' 32 samples were removed at each limit point (ie, 16 samples were removed in BER * SNR). Therefore, when the OFDM time is exponentially consumed, the component transmitted at time of 2, 3 1 is _. As a result, the time for 24/64, and 32/64 is reduced to 12/64, 16/64, so the savings can be:::%, 25%' 37.5% and 50%. T 乂 is used to transmit additional OFDM symbols, and 13 1309114 修正 修正 替换 替换 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 The amount of additional transmission possible in the amount of time is 23%, 33%, 60% and 100%, respectively. As described above, the gain of the bandwidth can be achieved with an additional spectral increase, as will be explained below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, before inserting the CP, the OFDM signal S1(1) can be expressed as 4(1)=kJ Pk{t-kNAT}. where N is the length of the FFT, Δτβ/Ν, and pk(1) is at [k_1] The κ OFDM symbol transmitted in T, kT]. The eleventh si[n] is equal to the mth sample of Pk[m] 'pulse pk(1), where n=(m+kN). In one embodiment of PR signaling, the d sub-symbols at the limit point (d is an even number) are removed from each of the ofdm symbols,

This is because the size of the removed sub-symbol is rather insignificant. The OFDM is removed from the OFDM, and the sub-symbol produces a TDPR-OFDM signal in the time domain. In another embodiment of the PR signaling, the removed sub-symbol may be any part of the PR signal. Thus the TDPR-OFDM time-based signal can be a symbol with a (Nd) sample 'where the kth symbol contains a subset of samples of the form Pk(t), especially from the (d/2+1) (N_d/2) sample. The TDPR-OFDM signal syt) can be expressed in the form of the pulse train pk(1) as: s2(t) = , Σ p'k{tk(Nd)AT} K=-00 where the pulsations p, k(1) and Pk(t) The relationship is: • *14 1309114

Patent Application No. 94106190 Supplementary, amended, unlined manual amendment page in triplicate

Pk(t) = Pk{t + (^ + l)AT}. rect{—_^δτ) where rect(t)=l, where te[〇,1], otherwise 0. The power spectral density of the imaginary random signal represented by equation (1)' as shown in Fig. 9 can be calculated from the autocorrelation function of s 丨 (1). Obviously, the autocorrelation of ~(1) is defined between the intervals [-ΝΔΤ, ΝΔΤ]. This necessitates limiting Pk(1) to [0, ΝΔΤ] and requires different OFDM symbols to be mean and irrelevant. The autocorrelation of s "t) is the same as the ensemble of the pulse wave pk (1), that is, Rs(t) = Rp(t). The pulse wave p'k (t) is obtained from pk(t), therefore: RP, ( t)=RP(t)-rect{2(N--d)AT} Therefore, the PSD Sp of the continuous time TDPR-OFDM signal s2(1), (1) has the following relationship with the PSD Sp(f) of the regular OFDM signal of the formula (1):

Vf)=FTVt)}=FTRp(t).rect^ =(2(iV-〇A DSP(/)*sinc(2(Nd)/Zl T) α *smc(2(Nd)f Δ Τ) where * denotes the overlap. For Μ = 4 'd is approximately equal to Ν/2, which means the factor of increasing the bandwidth sinc(fT). The impact of this factor in this frequency domain' and the possible large bandwidth gain of TDPR-OFDM In comparison, when M=2 and d==N/2 is selected, it is negligible. Part of the time symbol of the TDPR-OFDM signal is suppressed. Select 15 1309114 Heart #Revision Replacement Page 94106190 After the case is supplemented and revised, there is no line to amend the manuscript correction page - the three choices are bad = the township term makes the (four) (four) part of the tendency limit, even when the polynomial is selected to suppress the 〇FDm ^ thin as the middle part. In the embodiment of the present invention, the application suppression function is clicked at the temple. Because of the limit L of the frequency domain sub-interval, at the receiver 18, the CP loads all (8) = supply Ϊ easily, so. == The technology/missing sister does not interfere with the carrier and mutual subcarrier (ie mutual channel) =. Select the cyclical prefix or the defined cp as the last L of the symbol to add to the beginning. For the bribe in this example,The first order of the polynomial causes the number of suppressed sub-symbols to be added to the truncation η ° so 'CP will simply contain the L-sequences with k[_th order symbols (ie, all G). Therefore, the advantage is that the CP in the DPR_OTDM towel system Has less or no energy. Channel 16 transmits a partial response field and receives the number j' as a partial response signal at the receiver 18. The transmitted partial response signal is received in the serial to parallel conversion 34 and converted The response signal is transmitted in parallel and passed through the FFT unit 36. The FFT unit % = is the inverse of the conversion performed by the IFFT unit 28, but converts the time-based signal into a frequency domain based signal. The portion of the conversion transmitted by the conversion signal is generated. The portion of the parallel transmission of the conversion passes through the parallel to serial conversion unit 38. The parallel to serial, the single 7C 38 will convert the parallel transmission portion The response signal is converted into a 16-year, month, 曰 correction replacement page 1309114 ❾ (4) (10) / book correction page, a partial response signal of the transmission of the conversion, the partial response signal of the transmission is detected by the maximum possible (ml) Unit 40. The ML unit 4曰0. Disassemble the transmitted partial response of the conversion to generate or return a complex-based signal. The de-converter converts the complex-based signal ^one-bit string, and then receives from Machine output. ",, one

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a new technique for performing partial response signaling for performing an OFDM system is based on a correlation coding principle applied to a signal, wherein the time and frequency of the OFDM are swapped. . The block diagram of Figure 3 shows the steps of this embodiment, and blocks having the same number perform the same functions as the equivalent blocks of Figure 1. Eight # Enter the time domain signal on the left side to apply a well-known polynomial for the accumulation and calculation. The effect of the overlap is to change the spectrum of the signal in the frequency domain, while the amount is locally in some part of the spectrum. This localized action allows us to reduce the effective system bandwidth in unit 150. Therefore, more energy can be transmitted using & less bandwidth. The result of the converter unit operation is the use of a sequence of detectors 40 at the receiver. The stacked signals from the stacker 24 are serial-to-parallel converted in the tandem to parallel conversion unit 26, where the configuration in the vector is the operation in the FFT, which performs a Fourier transform on the incoming vector. As described above, the effect of the superposition is to suppress the vibration of the beginning and the end of the F-T representation. ^ At the center of the figure, after the inverse Fourier transform is performed by the inverse Fourier transform unit 28, block 150 performs spectral compression on the FD signal. The parallel-to-serial conversion unit 30 causes the serial signal to pass through the channel 16, which converts 17 1309114 97.11. 曰Revised replacement page No. 94106190 Patent application 荦Supplement, correction, no scribe line, 昝Revision page, triplicate to RF Frequency and zoom in and transmit along the channel. Therefore, the results of 26, 36, 15G, 28, and 3G are narrower than the time-domain bandwidth and the incoming signal. A phantom, which performs reverse processing on the receiver side. The element 34 is converted to a parallel signal, and the noise is transmitted from the single channel 160 by the single-column signal and in the channel frequency domain. Equalize the receiver application to any traditional use of reverse, go. The equalizer (4) is generated to clean the response of the signal phase channel, and then enters the output of the equalizer 160 in the domain signal, and then converted back to the string by the unit 38; ^, 28 = 矣 矣 frequency is detected, wherein the detection The device maps the 40-sense device, detects the signal, and detects, mixes, and 'disconnects' in the program. The symbols of the decomposer 42 are performed in the secondizer 24. The conversion has been processed into the bit string. Preferably, the hardware polynomial at both ends of the transfer is preparing the signal, that is, the table used by the stacker. In addition, the transmitter 14 can; in a preferred manner, a polynomial receiver used by a polynomial, functionally transmitting a code to indicate that the number of polynomials will be used; the receiver can estimate that there is therefore time and Edited in frequency. 150, 28 and 38 in the transmitter? There are 10 units (26 ‘36, in the receiving machine) converted four times, and Bo, 36,160 ′ 28 ’ 30 are connected at the same time, the two members of the article f compression and equalization. Causes a sequence of time domain signals. ^#份响应(FDPR) signaling technology ~ 贡降上' can predict the transmission of a signal

1309114 Month 9 n-day correction replacement page I Patent application No. 94106190 Supplementary, revised, unlined manual revision page in triplicate. The signal contains a finite number of amplitudes that will begin. The spikes in the other signal will be amplified within the mean of the linear power transfer capability of an RF power. What are the advantages of PARR? 11 The structure of the technology. Finally, the discrete handle of the money towel allows us to use a more efficient power amplification method than the traditional method. The results of the previous simulation have been shown to reduce the system pARR to 3dB. The advantage is that additional spectral gain can be configured. The spectrum f00tPrint of our display system can be reduced by more than 50% after this method. A ship simulation of unencoded energy in the AWGN channel can be expected to achieve useful performance of ltHdB. In the 5 (5) Ra (four) h attenuation channel, the BER of the unencoded 3χΐ0·3 can be achieved at 25-27dB SNR. The invention solves two related problems by solving two problems at the same time without including one or the other. The problem solved is in a multi-carrier system: '/pass f Wei PERR reduces the m-width expander. It is necessary to understand (4) (4) wide for the peak of the multi-purpose pure towel to the average problem t impact. For example, 'PARR in an OFDM system is proportional to the secondary carrier U ii at a given secondary carrier spacing, and the number of secondary carriers N is larger ' mi . Conversely, any technique that reduces PAPR usually must be compromised between bandwidth and PAPR, such as cropping (4)^ "Τ The bandwidth is increased. Ingredients ^ # = _ Stomach $ + && +, which improves the earning scale Amy side The present invention provides a kind of _ partial response signaling method, the reduction system 19: replacement page 1309114 Patent application No. 94106190 After the correction, there is no scribe line correction page - the current _ 8.2 system bandwidth to improve PAPR. The most common way to reduce the system PAPR is to cut the critical signal as long as the vibration of the message envelope (enVd〇Pe) exceeds the _threshold value. The problem of this technology is double, the first is -, the fidelity of the signal is the height of the peak (four) sample makes the energy of (4) down. The second is that the complementing action of the amplitude_method causes the 'bandwidth' in the frequency domain to expand (but very tiny). Also, if we use high-order modulation such as 16QAM or #64QAM, the effectiveness of cutting will be reduced. The compression expansion method is an improved beta that produces an impressive PApR reduction but the resulting bandwidth reduction is greater than that produced by the cut mode. Moreover, this method does not create a problem with multipath channels. In the past, I also tried to use coding to reduce PAPR. This compromise reduces the effective coding rate of the system at the expense of increased bandwidth. The present invention improves upon earlier solutions in a further, further manner. Using the method of the present invention, it is possible to simultaneously reduce the PAPR and also reduce the frequency read width of the ringing signal' which in turn results in a reduction in spectral efficiency gain. In comparison, the cost of conventional techniques for reducing PAPR is that the bandwidth must be sacrificed. : Compared with most popular methods of processing PAPR, the signal energy loss of the present invention is less for FD-PR OFDM. However, the complexity of signal detection is also high, and we hope to get a better BER at higher snr. / Compared with the technology of the pairwise method, this technique maintains or reduces the letter of the patent application No. 94106190, which is supplemented and amended, and the revised page without the scribe line is provided in the form of a triple copy of the frequency, and provides an improvement of the PAPR. Unlike the pairwise method, the present invention can be simply reduced on the frequency selected channel. A disadvantage of the present invention is that the complexity of the detection is high, but due to the progress of the vlsi and 1C techniques, a large complexity can be achieved for processing. An advantage of the present invention is that the combination can be combined with a PR temperament using an appropriate equalizer. Therefore, it is possible to perform the equal-integration and measurement operations at one time in the pre-filter. The FDPR signaling according to the present invention contains an exchange signal space (domain) and alpha undergoes some system changes for time domain compression. Referring to the square diagram of Fig. 3, the schematic signal flow of the PR_〇FDM system is shown here. Referring to the first type of modification to the conventional OFDM system, the initial (non-frequency domain) input will be input to the mapping fast Fourier symbol x[k]. A fast point-to-point conversion (FFT) is used on x[k] to obtain a complex energy I point fN of the subcarrier in the frequency domain. In the formula in Figure 9! Indicates the frequency domain baseband signal. The polynomial will be essentially a view, and QPSK__ accepts the cyclically stacked operation in the 0FDM time symbol in the resulting °. Now (4):

X'n = Xn 0 cN. The symbol indicates cyclic stacking. The result of this cyclical accumulation is that the time domain of the % consecutive time samples is 次'b. One of them == capital dismantling the sub-symbol x[k], b=G,..., called.贞 以 以 荀 . . . . . 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 荀 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 The second result is that the signal spectrum χΝ can be time-averaged, which is eN = FFT{cN}. The motivation for using a polynomial becomes quite obvious when the message block is examined in depth. 6 knows that a plurality of SeNs are selected, so that the energy information can be partially eN in the part of the spectrum information. As a result, it is assumed that Gn is composed of coefficients of power of pW+^, where PW=(lr)M, M==1, 2,... to -ϊ ΐ Ϊ _ _ 多个 多个 多个 多个 多个There are - 佶 “ “ “ 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱 频谱Part of the energy. Energy ilr positioning in this signal spectrum, in some examples, as the pr transmission m increases. In a certain carrier that does not owe the carrier (ie, does not transmit) frequency, and the signal can reach the subcarrier. The person transmits the binary and second-order subcarriers, and removes the sub-carriers from which d/2 is removed from any end. It is expressed as number 7 (d sub-carriers) as Xrd. I ^2 1309114 g 94106190 Patent Application 丨』ΛηΏ_ ] Supplementary, modified, unlined instruction correction page, one-piece three-word definition γ (Φ is vibration suppression, this system transmits Nd sub-carriers, the figure is ^ seal, the reason. Applicable formula. Obtaining Y(d) is noted in the coefficient of 4. The items in CN are from Equation 3 of Figure 9 from Equations 2 and 3, as can be seen from Figure 9. We add a given ^ = system factor 7 (d). Followed by the increase, and for - fixed d value: ^ length. When the order Μ ' then decrease. From Figure 4 can be seen:: people increase γ (4) for d times The carrier's bandwidth a=d/N is changed. The residual sub-symbol Xrd is obtained, and the =d/N is expressed by the explicit touch. In the y-axis of Fig. 5, the function of =udB is not shown. Energy (corresponding to the total energy in the spectrum). Yes, more than 25% of the FD-PR 〇FDM spectrum carries less than 1% of the signal, and the energy decreases rapidly with the PR order. The distribution method allows us to reduce the footprint of the spectrum. In the following we quantify the possible PAPR reduction by using PR_〇FDM. It is necessary to understand (from the central limit theorem) that for a regular OFDM system, for large The FFT length, the signal component represented by XRe and Xlm tends to have a Gaussian distribution Ν(0, σ2/2). For the regular 0FOM system 'instantaneous power σ2=Χκ^2 + Xlm2 ' can be from Equation 5 of Figure 9. It is seen that it is an index PDF. It is also known that the subsymbol x[k] is independent because it is Gaussian and irrelevant. In the message at different time points can seal the module into 231,309,114

Patent Application No. 94106190 Supplementary, Corrected, Unlined Explanation/^Revision Page_Triple Three random variables of independent and identical distribution (i ’ i,d), each distribution being of the formula $. Apply the ordered statistics to this scale towel, and display the power PDF from Figure 9 and Figure 6. We can use the PDF in Equation 6 to calculate the first momentum of k, and it is expected that the power value of the value message block is related to the length of the FFT. In contrast, for the FO-PR single 〇FDM system, we use a time domain L number that changes sequentially to start the operation. This action is in the EFT letter? After space swapping' but before performing cyclic stacking. Ideally, this signal is -GdB # PAPR. We use the polynomial defined above to perform PR signaling. In the case of f, it is desirable to maintain the energy of the conformation unchanged. Therefore, it is possible to normalize the mode (n_) of the cell, and the waveform Cn shown in Equation 7 of Fig. 9. In this aspect, PAPR can be resolved for the FD_pR〇FDM system described herein. Suppose now that pR signaling is performed, but the full spectrum constellation of the resulting signal is maintained, but the full frequency constellations of the resulting dragon spectrum (i.e., no removed subcarriers) are maintained. The peak message for QpsK writers (the one considered in the text) can be shown by the simple simulation of Figure 9. For the M+1 term to average, the remaining wire method has only (M+1) meaningful items for Cn. As can be seen from the above, Equation 9 of Table 9 shows the peak instantaneous power of the signal.

Assuming that the average energy per symbol transmission is unit energy, it is concluded that Figure 9 shows the pApR encountered in the FDPR-OFDM system of the order. Now check for different]V[value simulation, for FDpR_〇FDM -24 1309114 9·ΛΛο日修正 replacement page No. 94106190 Patent application Supplementary, revised unlined manual revision page in triplicate —

The PAPR result of the signal. For each example, simulate the probability of exceeding a pApR threshold. The complementary CDF (CCDF) curve is shown in Figure 6. The solid vertical line indicates when the full-bandwidth mode (that is, the case where the sub-symbol has no bandwidth reduction and only the PAPR gain) is removed. From the difference of the margin, the 'generalized 〇fdm system' has a PAPR ′, that is, l〇l〇gl()(N), and the observed value for N==64 is actually 12-13 dB. Therefore, the curve in Fig. 6 shows an improvement of pApR under 7_, which uses PR-0FDM in the frequency domain. The line of its entity is a map of PApR when PR-OFDM according to the present invention is also used to preserve bandwidth. We removed the d-subcarrier in the bandwidth mode, which slightly exceeded the peak boundary of Figure 9. However, it can be seen in Figure 6 that the net increase in pApR is only M.5 dB. Therefore, even in the bandwidth mode, 6-7dB of PAPR migration can be achieved. For the FDPR-OFDM signal to which QPSK modulation is applied, a maintenance ratio algorithm has been used to simulate a maximum possible receiver in the LOS channel. In the PR order, the BER of the job in the strong line of sight (L〇s) rebellious hypothesis (ie, in the AWGN environment), when M = 1, 2, 3, is shown in Figure 7. The BER obtained in the AWGN channel is compared to the BER of a normalized OFDM system. The solid line indicates the PR-OFDM error rate when spectral gain (full bandwidth mode) is not required. When the bandwidth is actually preserved by removing the low energy subcarrier, it is indicated by a solid line. The lines marked with squares are the reference lines for normalizing OFDM. These results are only applied to the l〇s channel, and the results are very satisfactory. For a BER of 5 χΐ〇 4, there is a loss of SNR of 1-1 dB, i.e., the SNR is increased to maintain the BER. 25 under high-order M

1309114 Patent Application No. 94106190 - Supplementary, Corrected, Unlined Correction Page - Tripartite trr because of the additional blinking in the ml_ device. It is interesting to say that when the money width mode is used, the maximum consumption when the value of ^=1 is changed unevenly is less than 1.5 dB. ]Vf=3 吐 ^ . When Μ = 2, there is about 25.25dB of 4 hours ^ is 0• Portuguese. PR sends a letter to the odd stomach. Newton example +, even-order μ is taken from the Monte Carlo simulation of the selected material to calculate the BER. False for the attenuation of 2 and 5. In this example, the zero equalizer (ZFE) is forced to perform channel compensation in the frequency domain. Although the ZFE is inferior to T, SE or DFE, the ZFE maintains a simple equalizer and serves as a reference for comparison with other systems. For the landmark ber of 3χ1〇·3, it is necessary to have a SNR of 23 dB of the lowest order PR signal. When normalizing OFDM to M = 1, 2, 3, the cost of the SNR increase is 3 dB, 2.5 dB or 2 dB. Operational SNR for a given BER When applying the provincial bandwidth mode, there is only a marginal change. It appears logically that the FD-PR in the provincial bandwidth mode is used whenever possible in the fading channel. The SNR bandwidth for a BER indicated by 5 is shown in Figure 8. It seems that the trend is like the channel marked by 2, only 1 to 2 dB of loss in SNR. It is necessary to understand that for the m=2 full PR mode and the provincial bandwidth mode almost overlaps, this is the same trend as the AWGN channel. An advantage of another embodiment of FD-PR signaling using a phase modulated fixed message envelope amplifier is that the time domain signal contains a limited set of amplitudes. In this example, the focus in the design in the RFPA moves from a maintained linear relationship to a maintained phase balance. The advantages of this method are included in the receiver 26 1309114 patent application No. 94106190, and the correction is not followed by the "correction page - three copies of the application" on the receiver side, the considerable advantage is that the good performance requires the system 1 ® Memory of the Dow plus PR polynomial. This simplification also reduces the complexity of the system when reducing the number of cases of the following. It is necessary for those skilled in the art to understand that the convenient way of configuring the present invention is = body type Realizing the DSP processing of the QFDM system of the present invention

The j-software (10) change system will be performed at the _ end (with the implementation of the = bad f product) and at the side end (to perform the maximum possible sequence of anger invented another - g has been set to hardware acceleration and its execution at the receiving end The result is equalization and _. The advantage is that the cyclic accumulation at the modulation end has a relatively low DSP complexity. The abbreviations achieved in the present invention are: OFDM: orthogonal frequency division multiplexing PR: partial response

PAPR · Peak-to-average power ratio ML: Maximum possible FD-PR: Frequency domain partial response BER: Bit error rate SNR: Signal noise ratio DSP: Digital signal processing BPSK: Two-bit phase shift key QSPSK: Quaternary phase The shift key uses a simple ZFE equalizer structure to perform frequency selection BER simulation for ease of illustration. And use MMSE or MMSE_DFE equalizer 27 1309114

g 9410619 〇 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 The method of responding to polynomial. The main disadvantage of the FD-PR system is that the detector has some complexity. Some parts of this detection complexity can be implemented as long as the link code or modulation can be used again. The present invention will be described in detail, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention may be modified and changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is to be understood that modifications and variations of these embodiments are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. [Simplified Schematic] The block diagram of Figure 1 is a system of time domain partial response techniques for orthogonal frequency division division (〇FDM). Figure 2(a) is a pictorial representation of an OFDM signal. Figure 2(b) is a pictorial representation of a partial response 〇FDM signal selected by an OFDM polynomial change. Figure 3 is a system of the present invention. The block diagram, that is, the partial response for the FDM, is sent. The cover 4 shows the group for the different (4) partial response to the message. The buccal width Figure 5 shows the fractional energy in dB in the spectrum. Figure 6 shows the probability of exceeding the different PAPR thresholds. Cheek Figure 7 shows the bit error rate 'which is the full limit in the system of the invention. 28 1309114 Ei Xiuyu replacement page 〇Π 1 ί. 2 0_____ The patent application No. 94106190 supplements the function of the SNR of the three-part width of the revised page without correction of the line after correction. Figure 8 shows the function of the SNR for different PR orders. Figure 9 shows the calculation formula in the text. Description] 10 System 14 Transmitter 18 Receiver 22 Enactor 24 Round Stacker 26 Parallel Conversion Unit 28 IFFT Unit 30 One Parallel to Tandem Conversion Unit 34 One Column to Parallel Conversion Unit 36 Fourier Transform (FFT) Unit 38 A series of parallel to parallel conversion units 40 ML detector 42 demapper 150 spectral compression 160 frequency domain equalizer 29

Claims (1)

1309114 The following year is replacing 97.11. 2 0 ___I Patent application No. 94106190 is supplemented, and the revised page without correction is corrected in the form of a patent application. 1. A communication system consists of: 1. A signal is generated. a transmitter that generates the signal from a portion of the response signal, maps an input bit string to a complex field to generate the partial response signal, and wherein the transmitter converts a series of symbols in the time domain Going to a set of frequency domain subcarriers and suppressing a plurality of subcarriers whose power is less than a threshold; | a receiver communicating with the transmitter via a channel to receive a signal, wherein a sequence of detections in the application time domain is applied The mechanism, the receiver replies to the signal. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the transmitter comprises: - an mapping unit for connecting the string signal to a set of subcarriers in the time domain; - a loop stacker unit, coupling the pair a unit to generate a φ partial response signal; - a set of subcarriers for converting the string signal into the time domain; a spectral compression unit for removing the selected secondary carrier; and a _ inverse Fourier transform unit Used to convert the set of secondary carriers into the time domain. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the spectral compression unit removes an equal number of secondary carriers at a limit point of the set of secondary carriers. 30 1309114 I :97.Π. 2 0 Supplementary to the patent application No. 94106190, the revised page without the scribe line is amended in triplicate. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the spectrum compression unit detects the time. The carrier is removed if the energy carried by the secondary carrier is less than the critical value of the limit point in the set of secondary carriers. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the spectral compression unit removes an equal number of secondary carriers at a limit point of the set of secondary carriers. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the spectral compression unit removes a secondary carrier carrying a threshold less than a threshold of the set of secondary carriers. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the transmitter further comprises a set of phase modulated fixed message envelope amplifiers. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the transmitter comprises: - an mapping unit for mapping input bit strings in the time domain to a set of sub-symbols; - a loop stacker unit, Coupling the mapping unit to generate a partial response signal; a unit for converting the string signal into a set of subcarriers in the time domain; and - a spectral compression unit 'for removing the selected secondary carrier' and one Anti 31 1309114 97JL11 丨Revision and Replacement Ιϊ Patent No. 94106190, Supplementary, Corrected, Unlined Manual Amendment page, a triplicate conversion unit for converting the set of subcarriers into the time domain. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the spectral compression unit removes an equal number of secondary carriers at the set of secondary carrier limit points. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the spectral compression unit removes subcarriers carrying energy less than a threshold at a limit point of the set of subcarriers. 11. The system of claim 8 wherein the spectral compression unit eliminates an equal number of secondary carriers at the set of secondary carrier limit points. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the spectral compression unit removes a secondary carrier carrying less than a threshold value at a limit point of the set of secondary carriers. 13. A mobile station in a cellular communication system, comprising: a transmitter to generate and transmit a signal to a receiver; wherein the signal is generated from a portion of the response signal via the input bit The string is mapped to a complex field, and wherein the transmitter converts a series of symbols in the time domain to a set of frequency domain subcarriers, and suppresses a secondary carrier whose selection power is less than a critical value; and a receiver for The receiver receives a signal via a channel, wherein the receiver replies to 32 1309114 U via a detection mechanism in a sequence of time domains; the m-----the patent application No. 94106190 is supplemented, and the line is unmarked after correction. Manual revision page in triplicate - the signal. ψ 14. The mobile station of claim 13 wherein the transmitter comprises: - an mapping unit that maps input bit strings in the time domain to a set of sub-symbols; - a cyclic demultiplexer, coupled Go to the mapping unit to generate a partial response signal; a unit for converting the string signal to a set of subcarriers in the frequency domain; - a spectral compression unit for removing the selected secondary carrier; and - An inverse conversion unit for converting the set of secondary carriers into the time domain. 15. The mobile station of claim 14, wherein the spectral compression unit removes an equal number of secondary carriers at the set of secondary carrier limit points. Φ 16. The mobile station of claim 15 wherein the spectral compression unit removes a secondary carrier carrying less than a threshold at a limit point of the set of secondary carriers. 17. The mobile station of claim 14, wherein the spectrum 'compression unit removes an equal number of secondary carriers at the set of secondary carrier limit points. 18. A method for modifying a page triplicate rate by applying an effective bandwidth gain increase bit 33 1309114 in a system, the supplement to the patent application No. 94106190, the revised unlined specification, wherein the system uses an orthogonal a frequency division multiplexing technique, the method comprising: selecting a cyclic demultiplexer having a predetermined value; applying the OFDM device to a time domain signal having a plurality of sub-symbols to generate a partial response having a plurality of sub-symbols a signal, wherein the value of the OFDM device is selected such that a Fourier transform of the plurality of sub-symbols of the partial response signal is reduced to a near-zero amplitude; and a plurality of sub-symbols having near-zero vibration are removed from the partial response signal The portion of the Fourier transform is used to generate a truncated partial response signal; and a cyclic prefix is added to the leading end of the truncated partial response signal. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: converting the partial response signal using a Fourier transform technique to generate a signal in the frequency domain; converting the frequency domain signal via a channel having noise to generate a The signal of the noise, and in a receiver, the time-based signal is recovered from the noise signal. 34