TWI304044B - - Google Patents
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- TWI304044B TWI304044B TW094135779A TW94135779A TWI304044B TW I304044 B TWI304044 B TW I304044B TW 094135779 A TW094135779 A TW 094135779A TW 94135779 A TW94135779 A TW 94135779A TW I304044 B TWI304044 B TW I304044B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- casing
- box
- fitting portion
- logistics
- thermal insulation
- Prior art date
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013611 frozen food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021270 cold food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021269 warm food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002991 molded plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/38—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation
- B65D81/3813—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation rigid container being in the form of a box, tray or like container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/38—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D21/00—Nestable, stackable or joinable containers; Containers of variable capacity
- B65D21/02—Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together
- B65D21/04—Open-ended containers shaped to be nested when empty and to be superposed when full
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/18—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/38—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation
- B65D81/3825—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation rigid container being in the form of a box, tray or like container with one or more containers located inside the external container
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Packging For Living Organisms, Food Or Medicinal Products That Are Sensitive To Environmental Conditiond (AREA)
Description
1304044 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 其刺其配送系統,特別是關於一種保溫物流箱及 【先前技術】 車場上對於不同保夺溫度的食品’主要仍以專用 東耒;5二H,5就是常溫食品以常溫車輛,低溫食品以 ‘的方但是料種不同溫度車輛進行物流運 卡、工 >孤影’…、法滿足服務市場多品種少量的市場需 求’並使投資與運轉成本增加。 £挪=== 、-ΐ的ί費及限制。此外’f知的保溫箱無法承受高 二易ί生細菌。對於以食品為主要運送貨物之的 f送品衫到極大的影響。故改善保溫箱 利啊獅理作業之便 【發明内容】 配逆要目料為提供-種保溫物賴及其應用之 率,3三猎t保溫物流箱的設計’改善其保溫與運輸承載效 同才糟以建立更具有效率並符合成本效益的配送系统。 ^達到上述目的,本發明之保溫物流箱包含箱體外殼、箱 =材f及箱體上蓋。箱體内殼具有一容納空間以放 置^扣’相體内破安裝於箱體外殼内部,箱體内殼與箱體外殼 1304044 之間,隔一隔熱空間,隔熱材料置於隔熱空間内,箱體上蓋設 ^於,體外殼,並可活動地開啟或閉合,以露出或覆蓋箱體内 豉^容納空間。其中,當複數個保溫物流箱閒置時,可逐一開 啟=體上蓋,以露出箱體内殼之容納空間,並堆疊複數個保溫 物流箱,將複數個保溫物流箱依序置於其下方保溫物流箱^容 納空間,以巢藏複數個保溫物流箱。 另外,配合不同需求,保溫物流箱可包含一個以上蓄冷 器,以增加保溫物流箱的保冷效果。 7
酉己’保溫物流箱的設計,本發明所揭露的應用保溫物流箱 达系統,其包含複數客戶端、複數保溫物流箱、宅配車及 ^端:供貨端係提供複數貨品,而複數保溫物流箱則分別容 種品溫的貨品;宅配車係承載複數保溫物流箱,以運送供 口 ίifσσ/皿料其中’各種品溫的貨品可包含常溫食 f 、冷藏食品(-5°c)、冰溫食品(-rc)及冷康 二^ 4。猎由複數保溫物流箱可將各種品溫之貨品置於 的:以進行品溫#理’可減少於配送途中所需開啟 為六、1 持保溫物流箱雜溫,並且可個同—常溫車作 轉載多種貨品,達到多品溫貨品共配之功效,減少運 解,韻狀其魏找-步的了 實施方式】 佯溫ίί 保溫物絲及其細植勒統,係藉由 溫的貨 以更具有效率的配送系統將各種品 冷藏食品、冰溫食品及冷;東舍口 配合不同絲’保溫物流财冷器,明加保溫物 兄、μα/.客戶端’特別適用於處理常溫食品、鮮食食 1304044 流箱的蓄冷效果,實施例中以蓄冷器為例。請參考第丨 ^本發明實施例之保溫物流箱剖面圖,保溫儉流箱_ 體外设110、箱體内殼120、隔熱材料130、箱體上⑤14= 3 5冷器150。箱體内殼120具有一容納空間12U乂放口及 箱體内殼120安裴於箱體外殼11〇内部,箱體、二, 散合部112 ’箱體内殼120係具有第二嵌合部122 /第一f人 部122 °因此,姆或拆解^ 該隔熱材料130置於隔熱空間U1内,箱體上蓋 置於箱體外殼11G,並可活動地開啟或閉合,以如 2 體内殼120之容納空間121。蓄冷器ι5〇係設置於箱體上芸相 為有效形成氣密結構,本發明實施例包含一氣密結構16〇: ^置於第-喪合部112與第二後合部122之間,以增加隔埶空 間之封閉性,以防止箱體沖洗時,水分進入隔熱空間m ^, 影響隔熱材料130之隔熱效果。其中該氣密結構16G為一執 片。或該氣密結構為熱溶接結構。 為塾 其中,隔熱材料130置於箱體外殼no與箱體内殼12〇之 間的隔熱空間111,可獨立地更換隔熱材料13〇,箱體外殼11〇 與,體内殼120可承受高溫或高壓沖洗,保溫物流箱不^滋生 二囷。相體外殼11 Q與箱體内殼12〇可採用易於塑型之塑膠材 料。且隔熱材料13〇可為真空隔熱材料或其他獨立封裝之^熱 材料,配合保溫物流箱體之隔熱空間1U所形成之氣密結構\、 可減低箱體厚度以擴大使用空間,提升保溫能力。 較佳地,該箱體内殼12〇與該箱體外殼110包覆該隔熱 材料130形成一殼體侧壁與一殼體底壁,且該殼體壁與該殼體 底壁非為垂直。因此該保溫箱可以堆疊而巢藏,使儲放空間變 小。 根據本發明設計之保溫物流箱可堆疊與巢藏,節省使用空 1304044 間體積,增進運輸承載效率與配送點的空間利用率,於 其為本發明實施例之保溫物流箱巢藏示意^複 =溫物流箱⑽間置時,可逐-開啟箱體上蓋= 脸,喊120之容納空間121 ’並堆疊複數個保溫物流箱1〇〇, 溫物流箱⑽依序置於其下方保溫物流箱⑽之容 、、、内二間121,以巢藏複數個保溫物流箱ι〇〇。 溫物流箱的設計,可產生更有效率的配送系統,以 迗各種品溫的貨品,如常溫食品、鮮食食品、冷藏食品、 溫食2及冷^東食品等。供貨端可為負責配送不同貨品之&流中 二ΐ參ΐ第3圖,其為本發明實施例之應用保溫物流箱之配 =糸、、苑不思圖,其包含物流中心2〇〇、複數保溫物流箱1㈨、 ίΐ己f,、第一客戶端_及第二客戶端500。物流中心200 係耠供複數貨品,而複數保溫物流箱1〇〇則分別容 ^ 的貨宅配車300係承載複數保溫物流箱1〇〇,例如宅配車, 以,送物流中心200所提供的各種品溫貨品,第一客戶端4〇〇 二客戶端^)〇則分別接受宅配車3〇〇所傳遞的各種品溫的 知品。其中,藉由複數保溫物流箱1〇〇可將相同品溫之貨品放 置於同一保溫物流箱100以進行品溫管理,並且避免於配送途 中保溫物流箱的開啟,以維持保溫物流箱1〇〇的恆溫,並且可 利,同-常溫之交通車3。〇裝載多種品溫貨品,達到多品溫共 配送之功效,減少運送成本。 /、 〜雖然本發明之較佳實施例揭露如上所述,然其並非用以限 定本發明,任何熟習相關技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範 圍内,f可作些許之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之專利保護範圍 須視本說明書所附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 1304044 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖為本發明實施例之保溫物流箱剖面圖; 第2圖為本發明實施例之保溫物流箱巢藏示意圖;及 第3圖為本發明實施例之應用保溫物流箱之配送系統示意 圖0
【主要元件符號說明】 100 保溫物流箱 110 箱體外殼 111 隔熱空間 112 第一後合部 120 箱體内殼 121 容納空間 130 隔熱材料 140 箱體上蓋 150 蓄冷器 160 氣密結構 200 物流中心 300 宅配車 400 第一客戶端 500 第二客戶端
Claims (1)
1304044 妙年 十、申請專利範園: L 一種保溫物流箱,包含: 一箱體外殼; 一厂箱體内殼,具有一容納空間,該箱體内殼安裝於該1 體外殼内部,該箱體内殼與該箱體外殼之間間隔一隔^空 一隔熱材料,係置於該隔熱空間内; …二曰’ 一箱體上蓋,該箱體上蓋設置於該箱體外殼,並 地啟閉’該箱體上蓋具有一隔熱材料; ,中該箱體外殼係具有一第一嵌合部,該箱體内殼係具 有一第二嵌合部,該第一嵌合部係嵌合於該第二嵌合部;及、 一氣密結構,係夾置於該第一嵌合部與該第二嵌合部之 間0 請專利範圍第1項所述之保溫物流箱,其中該氣密結構為 3熱ϋϊί概圍第1項所述之保溫減箱,其巾錢密結構為 4·如申請專概圍第丨項所述之保溫物流箱,更包含 冷器。 ® 5_·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之保溫物絲,更包括有一消耗性 冷媒。 =工請專利範圍第5項所述之保溫物流箱,其中該消耗性冷媒 7· —種應用保溫物流箱之配送系統,包含: 一供貨端,係提供複數貨品; 複,保溫物流箱,分別容置各種品溫的該貨品,· 七配車纟載複婁文该保溫物 提供的該貨品; 所 口 · 口 σ j 接t宅配車所傳遞的各種品溫的貨 其中該保溫物流箱,包含: ^ 1304044 一箱體外殼; μ —箱體内殼,具有一容納空間以放置一同一品溫貨品, 該箱體内殼安裝於該箱體外殼内部,該箱體内殼與該箱體 之間間隔一隔熱空間; ' 一隔熱材料,置於隔熱空間内; 一箱體上蓋,該箱體上蓋設置於該箱體外殼,並可 地啟閉; 别 其中該相體外设係具有一第一嵌合部,箱體内殼俾 -第二^部,該第,合部係絲於該第二*合部1、有 門一氣密結構,係夾置於該第一嵌合部與該第二嵌合部之 8十申請專纖圍第7項所述之應聽溫物流箱之輯系統 貨品包含常溫食品、鮮食食品、冷藏食品、冰溫食品或冷& 9^如申請翻翻第7項所述之應贿溫減箱之輯系統 中該供i端為一物流中心、轉運中心、工廠、農場或營業所。-、 10·,申請專利範圍第了項所述之應用保溫物流箱之配 包含一個以上蓄冷器。 、示、、死更 目第7項舰之似滅狀輯綠,更包括 =目/。u嫩繼觸德物,其中 包保溫物流箱之配送_,其中該 顿狀聽減狀崎錢,其中該
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW094135779A TW200714530A (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2005-10-14 | Delivery system of isothermal container and applications thereof |
| US11/417,058 US20070087087A1 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2006-05-04 | Insulated logistic container and delivery system using such insulated container |
| JP2006129293A JP4302715B2 (ja) | 2005-10-14 | 2006-05-08 | 物流箱及びそれを応用する配送システム |
| KR1020060069281A KR20070041308A (ko) | 2005-10-14 | 2006-07-24 | 물류용 단열 용기 및 이를 이용한 수송 시스템 |
| DE102006035024A DE102006035024A1 (de) | 2005-10-14 | 2006-07-28 | Isolier-Transportcontainer und ein Zustellsystem, in welchen ein derartig isolierter Isolier-Transportcontainer verwendet wird. |
| KR1020080108364A KR20080103493A (ko) | 2005-10-14 | 2008-11-03 | 물류용 단열 용기를 이용한 수송 시스템 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW094135779A TW200714530A (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2005-10-14 | Delivery system of isothermal container and applications thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW200714530A TW200714530A (en) | 2007-04-16 |
| TWI304044B true TWI304044B (zh) | 2008-12-11 |
Family
ID=37905466
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW094135779A TW200714530A (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2005-10-14 | Delivery system of isothermal container and applications thereof |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070087087A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4302715B2 (zh) |
| KR (2) | KR20070041308A (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE102006035024A1 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW200714530A (zh) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109068818A (zh) * | 2015-11-06 | 2018-12-21 | 艾福德柏格公司 | 杂货运送包装系统 |
| US11151508B2 (en) | 2014-05-08 | 2021-10-19 | Ifoodbag Ab | Grocery transport packaging system |
| US11453517B2 (en) | 2014-05-08 | 2022-09-27 | Ifoodbag Ab | Grocery transport packaging system |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202011108574U1 (de) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-12-04 | Gisela Toussaint | Präsentationsverpackung für Lebens- oder Genussmittel |
| CN102897423A (zh) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-30 | 樊荣 | 一种夹层存冰海产品存放箱 |
| CN105584730A (zh) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-05-18 | 天津瀛德科技有限公司 | 组合式冷链物流保冷箱 |
| KR101550060B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-09-04 | 주식회사 스노파 | 식품보관용 과냉각 용기 |
| WO2017078587A2 (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-11 | Ifoodbag Ab | A grocery transport packaging system |
| JP2019006424A (ja) * | 2017-06-21 | 2019-01-17 | 株式会社カネカ | 定温輸送パッケージ |
| CN108216846A (zh) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-06-29 | 重庆菲利克思农业发展有限公司 | 一种保温物流箱及物流管理系统 |
| IT201800004023A1 (it) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-09-28 | Leonardo Vigolo | Struttura perfezionata di imballaggio e procedimento per la sua realizzazione |
| CN108507255B (zh) * | 2018-05-25 | 2024-04-30 | 中瑞福宁机器人(沈阳)有限公司 | 一种基于预测算法的冷媒管理设备及冷媒管理方法 |
| DE202018104807U1 (de) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-08-28 | Va-Q-Tec Ag | Vakuumgedämmter Stapelbehälter für den temperaturgeführten Transport von Nahrungsmitteln |
| CN111002790B (zh) * | 2019-06-04 | 2023-06-23 | 深圳市布博卡科技有限公司 | 货运制冷系统及其保温物流箱群 |
| CN114026032A (zh) * | 2019-06-24 | 2022-02-08 | 艾福德柏格公司 | 用于运送冷藏货物的方法 |
| CN111532589A (zh) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-14 | 罗瑞尔纳米合成材料(江苏)有限公司 | 一种纳米合成材料制成可循环使用的功能性保温箱 |
| WO2022102627A1 (ja) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-05-19 | 旭化成株式会社 | 断熱容器 |
| ES2911974B2 (es) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-09-23 | Palec Ecologico S L | Caja isotermica para almacenar y transportar productos |
| KR102467900B1 (ko) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-11-16 | (주)모스텍 | 냉동창고용 무인운반차(agv)의 보온시스템 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2647653A (en) * | 1950-09-18 | 1953-08-04 | John B Dube | Insulated container for perishable substances |
| US2967152A (en) * | 1956-04-26 | 1961-01-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Thermal insulation |
| US3194419A (en) * | 1963-04-22 | 1965-07-13 | Chorna Charles | Transport system for shipping containers |
| US3807194A (en) * | 1972-10-12 | 1974-04-30 | Royal Industries | Thermodynamic container |
-
2005
- 2005-10-14 TW TW094135779A patent/TW200714530A/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2006
- 2006-05-04 US US11/417,058 patent/US20070087087A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-05-08 JP JP2006129293A patent/JP4302715B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-07-24 KR KR1020060069281A patent/KR20070041308A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2006-07-28 DE DE102006035024A patent/DE102006035024A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-11-03 KR KR1020080108364A patent/KR20080103493A/ko not_active Ceased
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11151508B2 (en) | 2014-05-08 | 2021-10-19 | Ifoodbag Ab | Grocery transport packaging system |
| US11453517B2 (en) | 2014-05-08 | 2022-09-27 | Ifoodbag Ab | Grocery transport packaging system |
| CN109068818A (zh) * | 2015-11-06 | 2018-12-21 | 艾福德柏格公司 | 杂货运送包装系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW200714530A (en) | 2007-04-16 |
| DE102006035024A1 (de) | 2007-04-26 |
| KR20070041308A (ko) | 2007-04-18 |
| JP2007106495A (ja) | 2007-04-26 |
| JP4302715B2 (ja) | 2009-07-29 |
| KR20080103493A (ko) | 2008-11-27 |
| US20070087087A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
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| MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |