TWI398273B - 用於抑制酸分泌之醫藥調配物及其製備及使用之方法 - Google Patents
用於抑制酸分泌之醫藥調配物及其製備及使用之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI398273B TWI398273B TW093121351A TW93121351A TWI398273B TW I398273 B TWI398273 B TW I398273B TW 093121351 A TW093121351 A TW 093121351A TW 93121351 A TW93121351 A TW 93121351A TW I398273 B TWI398273 B TW I398273B
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- Prior art keywords
- pharmaceutical formulation
- proton pump
- pump inhibitor
- acid
- minutes
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Classifications
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- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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Description
本發明係關於醫藥調配物,包含一種制酸劑及一種質子泵抑制劑以(1)一種增進組合物擱置期之物質或(2)一種味道遮蔽物質微包膠。此外,述及製造該醫藥調配物之方法;該醫藥調配物治療疾病之用途;及該醫藥調配物與其他治療劑之合併物。
在食用時,大部份酸不安定之醫藥化合物必須經保護避免與酸性胃分泌液接觸以維持醫藥活性。為達成此目的,已設計具有腸溶塗層之組合物在一種pH溶解以確保藥物在小腸前端區域(十二指腸)而非在胃之酸性環境釋放。然而,因為這些腸溶塗層組合物之pH依賴性及胃滯留時間之不確定性,活體內性能及個體間及個體外變異性為使用腸溶塗層系統控制藥物釋放之主要挫折。
此外,Phillips等人述及非腸溶塗層之醫藥組合物。這些立即釋放醫藥活性成份於胃之組合物涉及施用一或多種緩衝劑與一種酸不安定之藥劑,如一種質子泵抑制劑。緩衝劑被認為可由升高pH而防止酸不安定藥劑於胃之酸性環境中實質上降解。參見例如美國專利5,840,737;6,489,346;6,645,988;及6,699,885。
一種以腸溶塗層劑形施用之酸不安定醫藥化合物為質子泵抑制劑。質子泵抑制劑之實例包括歐帕唑(omeprazole)(Prilosec®
),蘭索帕唑(lansoprazole)
(Prevacid®
),衣索米帕唑(esomeprazole)(Nexium®
),雷貝帕唑(rabeprazole)(Aciphex®
),潘妥帕唑(pantoprazole)(Protonix®
),巴利帕唑(pariprazole),天塔帕唑(tentaprazole),及雷明帕唑(leminoprazole)。此種藥物由特定抑制胃腸道壁細胞之分泌表面之H+
/K+
-ATPase酶系統(質子泵)而抑制胃腸道之酸分泌。大部份質子泵抑制劑容易酸降解,當pH降低至酸性時迅速破壞。因此,若這些調配產物之腸溶塗層破壞(例如由碾製複合於液體,或咀嚼膠囊或錠)或緩衝劑不能充分中和胃腸道pH,藥物會由暴露於胃中胃腸道酸而降解。
歐帕唑為一種質子泵抑制劑之實例,其為一種經取代之雙環芳基-咪唑,5-甲氧基-2-[(4-甲氧基-3,5-二甲基-2-吡啶基)甲基]亞磺醯基]-1H-苯并咪唑,抑制胃腸道酸分泌。Lovgren等人之美國專利4,786,505教導歐帕唑之口服醫藥固體劑形必須以腸溶塗層保護免於接觸酸性胃腸道液以維持其醫藥活性,並述及一種含有一或多層次塗層於核心物質及腸溶塗層間之具腸溶塗層之歐帕唑製劑。
質子泵抑制劑典型用於短期治療活性十二指腸潰瘍,胃腸道潰瘍,胃食道回流疾病(GERD),嚴重糜爛食道炎,不良反應徵候之GERD,及病理上過度分泌症狀,如卓林格(Zollinger)艾利生(Ellison)徵候群。上述症狀一般發生於所有年齡之健康或生病之病人,可能伴隨顯著上胃腸道流血。
相信歐帕唑,蘭索帕唑,及其他質子泵抑制劑可由抑制壁細胞之H+
/K+
-ATP酶,胃腸道酸分泌之最終共同途徑,而
減少胃腸道酸之產生。參見例如Fellenius et al.,Substituted Benzimidazoles Inhibit Gastrointestinal Acid Secretion by Blocking H+
/K+
-ATPase,Nature,290:159-161(1981);Wallmark et al.,The Relationship Between Gastrointestinal Acid Secretion and Gastrointestinal H+
/K+
-ATPase Activity,J.Biol.Chem.,260:13681-13684(1985);及Fryklund et al.,Function and Structure of Parietal Cells After H+
/K+
-ATPase Blockade,Am.J.Physiol.,254(1988).
質子泵抑制劑具有用作弱鹼之能力,其由血液達到壁細胞及擴散進入分泌小管。在該處該藥質子化並被捕捉。然後質子化之化合物可重排形成一種亞磺醯胺,其可與跨膜之H+
/K+
-ATP酶之細胞外(管腔)區域中重要位置之巰基共價相互作用。參見例如Hardman et al.,Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,907(9th ed.1996)。因此,質子泵抑制劑為前藥,其必須活化才有效。質子泵抑制劑作用之特異性亦依賴於:(a)H+
/K+
-ATP酶之選擇性分布;(b)催化反應性抑制劑產生之酸性條件之要件;及(c)酸性小管中及鄰接於目標酶之質子化藥物及陽離子亞磺醯胺之捕捉。參見例如Hardman等人之論文。
仍需要一種醫藥調配物,其釋放一種質子泵抑制劑於胃腸道以使質子泵抑制劑之完全,非酸降解,或非酸反應之形式吸收於一個進食或戒食狀態之個體之血流中,其具有增進之擱置期安定性及增進之病人順從性。下列討論揭示包含微包膠之質子泵抑制劑及一或多種制酸劑之醫藥調配
物,其可協助完成這些需要。
本發明提供具有增進擱置期之醫藥調配物,包含至少一種酸不安定之質子泵抑制劑,其以一種可增進醫藥調配物擱置期之物質微包膠;及至少一種制酸劑;其中在該醫藥調配物施用後約30分鐘內任何時間質子泵抑制劑之最初血清濃度大於約0.1微克/毫升。本發明亦提供味道遮蔽之醫藥調配物,包含至少一種酸不安定之質子泵抑制劑,其以一種味道遮蔽之物質微包膠;及至少一種制酸劑;其中在該醫藥調配物施用後約30分鐘內任何時間質子泵抑制劑之最初血清濃度大於約0.1微克/毫升。
在本文中所提供之各具體實施例中,質子泵抑制劑係以一或多種選自下列之化合物微包膠:纖維素羥基丙基醚;低取代之羥基丙基醚;纖維素羥基丙基甲基醚;甲基纖維素聚合物;乙基纖維素及其混合物;聚乙烯基醇;羥基乙基纖維素;羧基甲基纖維素及羧基甲基纖維素之鹽;聚乙烯基醇及聚乙二醇共聚物;一酸甘油酯;三酸甘油酯;聚乙二醇,修釋之食物澱粉,丙烯酸聚合物;丙烯酸聚合物與纖維素醚之混合物;酞酸醋酸纖維素;西比薄膜(sepifilms),環糊精;及其混合物。
在本文中所提供之各具體實施例中,質子泵抑制劑係以一或多種添加劑微包膠以增進微包膠之加工或性能。該添加劑可為pH修釋劑,增塑劑,抗氧化劑,或甜化劑,或調味劑。
在其他具體實施例中,至少一種制酸劑包含至少一種可溶性緩衝劑。在一些具體實施例中,可溶性緩衝劑為碳酸氫鈉。在各具體實施例中,至少一種緩衝劑係選自碳酸氫鈉,碳酸鈣,碳酸鈉,氧化鎂,氫氧化鎂,碳酸鎂,氫氧化鋁,及其混合物。
本發明提供延長醫藥調配物擱置期之方法,包含至少一種酸不安定之質子泵抑制劑以一種可增進擱置期之物質微包膠;及合併該微包膠之酸不安定之質子泵抑制劑與至少一種制酸劑。本發明亦提供遮蔽醫藥調配物味道之方法,包含至少一種酸不安定之質子泵抑制劑以一種味道遮蔽之物質微包膠;及合併該微包膠之酸不安定之質子泵抑制劑與至少一種制酸劑。
在本發明之各具體實施例中,醫藥調配物可另包含一或多種賦形劑選自壁細胞活化劑,有機溶劑,糜爛促進劑,擴散促進劑,抗氧化劑,調味劑,及載劑物質選自黏合劑,懸浮劑,崩解劑,填充劑,表面活性劑,溶解劑,安定劑,潤滑劑,潤濕劑,稀釋劑,抗附著劑,及防泡沫劑。
本發明係關於具有增進擱置期安定性及/或增進味道遮蔽性質可用於治療一種疾病,症狀,或病症之醫藥調配物。亦述及使用本發明之醫藥調配物治療之方法。
已發現,包含(1)一種酸不安定之質子泵抑制劑,其以一種可增進醫藥組合物擱置期之物質微包膠,與(2)一或多種制酸劑之醫藥組合物由增進製造及貯存期間醫藥調配物之
擱置期安定性而提供優異性能。
亦已發現某些味道遮蔽物質,當用於醫藥調配物中時,(1)提供較美味之藥物形式,由阻斷藥劑之不愉快味道接觸味道受體,因此增加病人之順從性;及/或(2)需要較低量之傳統調味劑。
為更輕易促進明瞭本發明及其較佳具體實施例,本文中所用術語之意義可由本說明書之說明經由各術語之普通使用及下列辭彙解釋中或隨後說明中所提供之其他術語之明確定義而變得明顯。
本文中所用之術語「包含」,「包括」,及「如」係以開放,非限制之意義使用。
術語「約」係與術語「大約」同義。術語「約」之使用表示該值略微超過所述值,即加或減0.1%至10%,其亦有效及安全。因此,劑量包括申請專利範圍所述術語「約」及「大約」之範圍。
術語「酸不安定藥劑」表任何容易經酸催化降解之藥理上活性藥物。
「餘味」為吞嚥後所有剩餘感覺之測量。例如,餘味可在吞嚥後30秒,在吞嚥後1分鐘,在吞嚥後2分鐘,在吞嚥後3分鐘,在吞嚥後4分鐘,在吞嚥後5分鐘等測量。
「幅度」為殘餘及全部味道之最初總體感覺。幅度大小為0-無,1-低,2-中等,及3-高。
「抗附著劑」,「助流劑」,或「抗黏著」劑防止調配物之
成份凝集或黏著及改良一種物質之流動特性。該化合物包括例如膠態二氧化矽,如Cab-o-sil®
;三元磷酸鈣,滑石,玉米澱粉,DL-白胺酸,月桂基硫酸鈉,硬脂酸鎂,硬脂酸鈣,硬脂酸鈉,高嶺土,及微粒化不定形二氧化矽(Syloid®
)等。
「防泡沫劑」在加工期間減少發泡,發泡可造成水分散液凝集,薄膜成品冒泡,或一般損害加工。防泡沫劑之實例包括矽乳液或山梨糖醇酐倍半油酸酯。
「抗氧化劑」包括例如丁基化羥基甲苯(BHT),抗壞血酸鈉,及生育酚。
「黏合劑」賦予內聚性質,包括例如海藻酸及其鹽;纖維素衍生物,如羧基甲基纖維素,甲基纖維素(例如Methocel®
),羥基丙基甲基纖維素,羥基乙基纖維素,羥基丙基纖維素(例如Klucel®
),乙基纖維素(例如Ethocel®
),及微晶纖維素(例如Avicel®
);微晶右旋糖(dextrose);直鏈澱粉;矽酸鋁鎂;多醣酸;膨土;明膠;聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物;克洛帕維酮(crospovidone);帕維酮(povidone);澱粉;預明膠化澱粉;黃耆;糊精;糖,如蔗糖(例如Dipac®
),葡萄糖,右旋糖,糖蜜,甘露糖醇,山梨糖醇,木糖醇(例如Xylitab®
),及乳糖;天然或合成膠,如金合歡膠,黃耆,印度樹膠(ghatti gum),衣沙波(isapol)殼之膠水,聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮(例如Polyvidone®
CL,Kollidon®
CL,Polyplasdone®
XL-10),落葉松(larch)阿糖半乳聚糖(arabogalactan),Veegum®
,聚乙二醇,蠟,海藻酸鈉等。
「生物可利用性」表一種活性物,例如藥物,前藥,或代謝物,吸收入總循環及在體內藥物作用之位置可使用之程度。一種質子泵抑制劑經由靜脈內施用之生物可利用性為100%。「口服生物可利用性」表醫藥調配物口服施用時質子泵抑制劑吸收入總循環及在體內藥物作用之位置可使用之程度。
「生物等性」或「生物相等性」意為血清濃度時間曲線下面積(AUC)及尖峰血清濃度(Cmax
)各在80%及120%內。
「載劑物質」包括一般使用於藥劑中之任何賦形劑,應基於與質子泵抑制劑之相容性及所欲劑形之釋放輪廓性質選擇。載劑物質之實例包括例如黏合劑,懸浮劑,崩解劑,填充劑,表面活性劑,溶解劑,安定劑,潤滑劑,潤濕劑,稀釋劑等。「醫藥相容載劑物質」可包含例如金合歡膠,明膠,膠態二氧化矽,甘油磷酸鈣,乳酸鈣,麥芽糊精,甘油,矽酸鎂,酪蛋白酸鈉,大豆卵磷脂,氯化鈉,磷酸三鈣,磷酸二鉀,硬脂醯基乳酸鈉,鹿角菜膠(carrageenan),一酸甘油酯,二酸甘油酯,預明膠化澱粉等。參見例如Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,19th
Ed.(Easton,Pa.:Mack Publishing Company,1995);Hoover,John E.,Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pennsylvania 1975;Liberman,H.A.and Lachman,L.,Eds.,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Marcel Decker,New York,N.Y.,1980;及Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems,7th
Ed.
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1999)。
「特徵記錄」包括例如芳香,基本味道,及感覺因素。特徵記錄之強度大小可為0-無,1-略微,2-中等,或3-強。
一種「衍生物」為一種由相似結構之另一種化合物之一個原子,分子,或基以另一個適合原子,分子,或基替代所產生之化合物。例如,一種化合物之一或多個氫原子可以一或多個烷基,醯基,胺基,羥基,鹵,鹵烷基,芳基,雜芳基,環烷基,雜環烷基,或雜烷基取代以產生該化合物之一種衍生物。
「擴散促進劑」及「分散劑」包括控制一種含水液體擴散通過一塗層之物質。擴散促進劑/分散劑之實例包括例如親水性聚合物,電解質,Tween®
60或80,PEG等。一或多種糜爛促進劑與一或多種擴散促進劑之合併物亦可用於本發明中。
「稀釋劑」增加組合物之主體以利於壓縮。該化合物包括例如乳糖;澱粉;甘露糖醇;山梨糖醇;右旋糖;微晶纖維素,如Avicel®
;磷酸氫鈣;磷酸二鈣二水合物;磷酸三鈣;磷酸鈣;無水乳糖;噴乾之乳糖;預明膠化之澱粉;可壓縮之糖,如Di-Pac®
(Amstar);甘露糖醇;羥基丙基甲基纖維素;蔗糖稀釋劑;糖粉(confectioner's sugar);一元硫酸鈣一水合物;硫酸鈣二水合物;乳酸鈣三水合物;右旋糖酸酯(dextrates);水解之穀類固體;直鏈澱粉;粉狀纖維素;碳酸鈣;甘胺酸;高嶺土;甘露糖醇;氯化鈉;肌醇;膨土等。
術語「崩解」包括劑形與胃腸道液體接觸時溶解及分散。
「崩解劑」促進一種物質之解體或崩解。崩解劑之實例包括一種澱粉,例如一種天然澱粉,如玉米澱粉或馬鈴薯澱粉,一種預明膠化澱粉,如National 1551或Amijel®
,或澱粉羥乙酸鈉,如Promogel®
或Explotab®
;一種纖維素,如一種木材產物,甲基結晶纖維素,如Avicel®
,Avicel®
PH101,Avicel®
PH102,Avicel®
PH105,Elcema®
P100,Emcocel®
,Vivacel®
,Ming Tia®
,及Solka-Floc®
,甲基纖維素,交聯羧甲基纖維素(croscarmellose),或一種交聯之纖維素,如交聯之羧甲基纖維素鈉(Ac-Di-Sol®
),交聯之羧甲基纖維素;一種交聯之澱粉,如澱粉羥乙酸鈉;一種交聯之聚合物,如克洛帕維酮(crospovidone);一種交聯之聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮;海藻酸鹽,如海藻酸,或海藻酸之鹽,如海藻酸鈉;一種黏土,如Veegum®
HV(矽酸鋁鎂);一種膠,如瓊脂,吉爾膠(guar),刺槐豆膠(locust bean),梧桐樹膠(Karaya),果膠,或黃耆;澱粉羥乙酸鈉;膨土;一種天然海綿;一種表面活性劑;一種樹脂,如陽離子交換樹脂;柑橘(citrus)紙漿(pulp);月桂基硫酸鈉;月桂基硫酸鈉合併澱粉等。
「藥物吸收」或「吸收」表一種藥物由個體之施用位置移向系統循環,例如進入血流,之過程。
一種「腸溶塗層」為一種在胃中維持實質上完整但是一旦達到小腸即溶解而釋放藥物之物質。一般而言,腸溶塗層包含一種聚合物質,其可防止在胃之低pH環境中釋放,
而在略高之pH,典型pH 4或5離子化,因此在小腸中充分溶解而逐漸釋放活性劑於其中。
「質子泵抑制劑之腸溶形式」意為一些或大部份質子泵抑制劑具有腸溶塗層以確保至少一些藥物在小腸之前端區域(十二指腸)釋放,而非在胃之酸性環境釋放。
「糜爛促進劑」包括控制特定物質在胃腸道液體中糜爛之物質。糜爛促進劑一般為熟習技藝人士已知。糜爛促進劑之實例包括例如親水性聚合物,電解質,蛋白質,肽,及胺基酸。
「填充劑」包括化合物如乳糖,碳酸鈣,磷酸鈣,磷酸氫鈣,硫酸鈣,微晶纖維素,纖維素粉末,右旋糖;右旋糖酸鹽;聚葡萄糖,預明膠化澱粉,蔗糖,木糖醇,乳糖醇,甘露糖醇,山梨糖醇,氯化鈉,聚乙二醇等。
可用於本發明醫藥組合物中之「調味劑」或「甜化劑」包括例如金合歡糖漿,乙醯沙芬(acesulfame)K,阿利甜(alitame),茴香,蘋果,阿斯巴甜(aspartame),香蕉,巴伐利亞(Bavarian)醬(cream),漿果(berry),黑醋栗(black currant),奶油糖(butterscotch),檸檬酸鈣,樟腦,焦糖,櫻桃,櫻桃醬,巧克力,肉桂,泡泡糖,柑橘,柑橘酒(punch),柑橘醬,棉花糖,可可,可樂,冷櫻桃,冷柑橘,環己烷胺基磺酸鹽(cyclamate),西拉美鹽(cylamate),右旋糖,油加利(eucalyptus),丁香酚(eugenol),果糖,水果酒,薑,甘草酸鹽(glycyrrhetinate),甘草(licorice)糖漿,葡萄,葡萄柚,蜂蜜,異麥芽,檸檬,萊姆(lime),檸檬醬,甘草酸苷
(glyrrhizinate)一銨(MagnaSweet®
),麥芽醇,甘露糖醇,楓糖(maple),藥用蜀葵(marshmallow),薄荷醇,薄荷醬,混合櫻桃,新橘皮苷(neohesperidine)DC,尼歐甜(neotame),橘子,梨,桃,薄荷,薄荷醬,Prosweet®
Powder,木莓,沙士根(root beer),甜酒(rum),糖精,黃樟素(safrole),山梨糖醇,綠薄荷(spearmint),綠薄荷醬,草莓,草莓醬,斯替維亞(stevia),蔗糖素(sucralose),蔗糖,糖精鈉,乙醯沙芬(acesulfame)鉀,塔林(talin),斯利醇(sylitol),瑞士乳霜(Swiss cream),塔格糖(tagatose),紅桔(tangerine),燒馬丁(thaumatin),水果冰淇淋(tutti fruitti),香草,胡桃,西瓜,野櫻桃,冬青(wintergreen),木糖醇,或這些調味成份之任何合併,例如茴香-薄荷醇,櫻桃-茴香,肉桂-橘子,櫻桃-肉桂,巧克力-薄荷,蜂蜜-檸檬,檸檬-萊姆,檸檬-薄荷,薄荷醇-油加利,橘子-乳霜,香草-薄荷,及其混合物。
「胃腸道液體」為個體口服施用本發明組合物後胃分泌之液體或唾液或其相等物。「胃分泌之相等物」包括例如一種具有胃分泌相似內容物及/或pH之活體外液體,如1%十二基硫酸鈉溶液或0.1N HCl水溶液。
「半衰期」表體內血漿藥物濃度或量由最大濃度減少50%所需之時間。
「潤滑劑」為防止,減少,或抑制物質黏著或摩擦之化合物。潤滑劑之實例包括例如硬脂酸;氫氧化鈣;滑石;硬脂醯基反丁烯二酸鈉;一種烴,如礦油,或氫化植物油,
如氫化大豆油(Sterotex®
);較高脂肪酸及其鹼金屬及鹼土金屬鹽,如鋁,鈣,鎂,鋅,硬脂酸,硬脂酸鈉,甘油,滑石,蠟,Stearowet®
,硼酸,苯甲酸鈉,醋酸鈉,氯化鈉,白胺酸,一種聚乙二醇或一種甲氧基聚乙二醇,如CarbowaxTM
,油酸鈉,蘿酸甘油酯,聚乙二醇,月桂基硫酸鎂或鈉,膠態矽石,如SyloidTM
,Carb-O-Sil®
,一種澱粉,如玉米澱粉,聚矽氧(silicone)油,一種表面活性劑等。
「可測量之血清濃度」或「可測量之血漿濃度」說明在施用後治療劑吸收入血流中之血清或血漿濃度,典型以每毫升,每公合,或每升血清中治療劑之毫克,微克,或奈克測量。熟習技藝人士應可測量一種質子泵抑制劑或一種前動力劑之血清濃度或血漿濃度。參見例如Gonzalez H.et al.,J.Chromatogr.B.Analyt.Technol.Biomed.Life Sci.,vol.780,pp 459-65,(Nov.25,2002)。
「壁細胞活化劑」或「活化劑」刺激壁細胞並增進質子泵抑制劑之醫藥活性。壁細胞活化劑包括例如巧克力;鹼性物質,如碳酸氫鈉;鈣,如碳酸鈣,葡萄庚酸鈣,氫氧化鈣,醋酸鈣,及甘油磷酸鈣;薄荷油;綠薄荷油;咖啡;茶及可樂(即使去咖啡因);咖啡因;茶鹼;可可鹼;胺基酸(特別是芳族胺基酸,如苯丙胺酸及色胺酸);及其合併物。
「藥物動態」為決定藥物濃度在作用位置所測得之生物學反應之因子。
「藥物動力」為決定在作用位置達到及維持藥物之適當濃度之因子。
「血漿濃度」表一種物質在一個體之血漿或血清中之濃度。應明瞭,由於治療劑之代謝變異性,一種治療劑之血漿濃度在個體間可有多倍變化。根據本發明之一方面,一種質子泵抑制劑及/或前動力劑之血漿濃度在個體間可變化。同樣地,最大血漿濃度(Cmax
)或達到最大血清濃度之時間(Tmax
),或血清濃度時間曲線下面積(AUC)之值在個體間可變化。由於此變異性,構成質子泵抑制劑,前動力劑,或其他治療劑之「治療有效量」所需之量在個體間可變化。應明瞭,當揭示一種族群之平均血漿濃度時,這些平均值可包括實質上變異。
「增塑劑」為用於軟化微包膠物質或薄膜塗層以使彼等較不易脆之化合物。適合之增塑劑包括例如聚乙二醇,如PEG 300,PEG 400,PEG 600,PEG 1450,PEG 3350及PEG 800,硬脂酸,丙二醇,油酸,及甘油三醋酸酯(triacetin)。
「預防」或「防止」用於胃酸有關疾病時意為無胃腸道病症或疾病發展,若尚未發生;或無進一步胃腸道病症或疾病發展,若已有胃腸道病症或疾病發生。亦包括預防一些或所有與胃腸道病症或疾病有關之徵候群之能力。
「前藥」表一種由體內代謝過程轉化產生藥理作用之藥物或化合物。前藥一般為藥物前驅物,在施用於一個體及吸收後,經由一些過程轉化,如由一個代謝途徑轉化,成為一種活性或較活性種類。一些前藥具有一個化學基在前藥上,使該藥較不活性及/或給予該藥溶解度或一些其他性質。一旦該化學基裂解及/或修釋,活性藥物產生。前藥可
設計成可逆之藥物衍生物,用作修釋劑以增進藥物輸送至位置特異性組織。迄今前藥之設計已增加治療化合物之有效水溶解度以標靶於水為主要溶劑之區域。參見例如Fedorak et al.,Am.J.Physiol.,269:G210-218(1995);McLoed et al.,Gastroenterol,106:405-413(1994);Hochhaus et al.,Biomed.Chrom.,6:283-286(1992);J.Larsen and H.Bundgaard,Int.J.Pharmaceutics,37,87(1987);J.Larsen et al.,Int.J.Pharmaceutics,47,103(1988);Sinkula et al.,J.Pharm.Sci.,64:181-210(1975);T.Higuchi and V.Stella,Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,Vol.14 of the A.C.S.Symposium Series;及Edward B.Roche,Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design,American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press,1987.
「質子泵抑制劑產物」表一種市售之產物。質子泵抑制劑產物包括例如Priolosec®
,Nexium®
,Prevacid®
,Protonic®
,及Aciphex®
。
「血清濃度」表一種物質,如一種治療劑,在一個體之血漿或血清中之濃度。應明瞭,由於治療劑之代謝變異性,一種治療劑之血清濃度在個體間可有多倍變化。根據本發明之一方面,一種質子泵抑制劑及/或前動力劑之血清濃度在個體間可變化。同樣地,最大血清濃度(Cmax
)或達到最大血清濃度之時間(Tmax
),或血清濃度時間曲線下總面積(AUC)之值在個體間可變化。由於此變異性,構成質子泵抑制劑,前動力劑,或其他治療劑之「治療有效量」所需之
量在個體間可變化。應明瞭,當揭示一種族群之平均血清濃度時,這些平均值可包括實質上變異。
「溶解劑」包括化合物如檸檬酸,琥珀酸,反丁烯二酸,蘋果酸,酒石酸,順丁烯二酸,戊二酸,碳酸氫鈉,碳酸鈉等。
「安定劑」包括化合物如任何抗氧化劑,緩衝劑,酸等。
「懸浮劑」或「增稠劑」包括化合物如聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮,例如,聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮K12,聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮K17,聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮K25,或聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮K30;聚乙二醇,例如聚乙二醇可具有分子量約300至約6000,或約3350至約4000,或約7000至約5400;羧基甲基纖維素鈉;甲基纖維素;羥基丙基甲基纖維素;聚山梨酸酯80;羥基乙基纖維素;海藻酸鈉;膠,如黃耆膠及金合歡膠;吉爾(guar)膠;黃原膠類(xanthans),包括黃原膠;糖;纖維素類(cellulosics),如羧基甲基纖維素鈉,甲基纖維素,羧基甲基纖維素鈉,羥基丙基甲基纖維素,羥基乙基纖維素;聚山梨酸酯80;海藻酸鈉;聚乙氧基化山梨糖醇酐一月桂酸酯;帕維酮(povidone)等。
「表面活性劑」包括化合物如月桂基硫酸鈉,山梨糖醇酐一油酸酯,聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐一油酸酯,聚山梨酸酯,polaxomers,膽鹽,甘油一硬脂酸酯,環氧乙烷及環氧丙烷之共聚物,例如Pluronic®
(BASF)等。
「治療有效量」或「有效量」為一種藥劑達成一種藥理作用之量。術語「治療有效量」包括例如預防有效量。一
種質子泵抑制劑之「有效量」為可有效達成所欲藥理作用或增進治療而無不當不良副作用之量。例如,一種質子泵抑制劑之有效量為質子泵抑制劑可減少酸分泌,或升高胃腸道液體之pH,或減少胃腸道流血,或減少輸血之需要,或增進存活率,或由胃酸有關疾病迅速恢復之量。一種藥劑之有效量可由熟習技藝人士依特定病人及疾病程度而選擇。應明瞭,「有效量」或「治療有效量」在個體間可由於治療劑如質子泵抑制劑及/或前動力劑之代謝變異,個體之年齡,重量,一般情況,所治療之症狀,所治療症狀之嚴重性,及醫生之判斷而變化。
「芳香之總強度」為芳香包括芳香烴及鼻子感覺強度之總體立即印象。
「味道之總強度」為味道包括芳香烴,基本味道,及口感強度之總體立即印象。
「治療」用於胃酸有關疾病中表胃腸道病症有關之病症或疾病之任何治療,如預防個體發生該病症或疾病,個體可能傾向罹患該病症或疾病但是尚未診斷具有該病症或疾病;抑制該病症或疾病,例如遏止該病症或疾病之發展,緩解該病症或疾病,使該病症或疾病消退,緩解該病症或疾病引起之症狀,或停止該病症或疾病之徵候群。因此,本文中所用之術語「治療」與術語「預防」同義。
「潤濕劑」包括化合物如油酸,一硬脂酸甘油酯,一油酸山梨糖醇酐酯,一月桂酸山梨糖醇酐酯,三乙醇胺油酸酯,聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐一油酸酯,聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐
一月桂酸酯,油酸鈉,月桂基硫酸鈉等。
術語「質子泵抑制劑」及「PPI」可交互使用以說明任何具有作為H+/K+-ATP酶抑制劑之藥理作用之酸不安定藥劑。若需要,質子泵抑制劑可呈自由鹼,自由酸,鹽,酯,水合物,無水物,醯胺,對映體,異構物,互變體,前藥,多晶形物,衍生物等形式,但是自由鹼,鹽,酯,水合物,醯胺,對映體,異構物,互變體,前藥,或任何其他藥理上適合衍生物在治療上活性。
在各具體實施例中,質子泵抑制劑可為一種經取代之雙環芳基-咪唑,其中芳基可為例如吡啶,苯基,或嘧啶基,接於咪唑環之4及5位。包含一種經取代之雙環芳基-咪唑之質子泵抑制劑包括,但不限於,歐帕唑(omeprazole),羥基歐帕唑,衣索米帕唑(esomeprazole),蘭索帕唑(lansoprazole),潘妥帕唑(pantoprazole),雷貝帕唑(rabeprazole),東妥帕唑(dontoprazole),哈貝帕唑(habeprazole),比利帕唑(perprazole),天納妥帕唑(tenatoprazole),瑞索帕唑(ransoprazole),巴利帕唑(pariprazole),雷明帕唑(leminoprazole),或其自由鹼,自由酸,鹽,水合物,酯,醯胺,對映體,異構物,互變體,多晶形物,前藥,或衍生物。參見例如The Merck Index,Merck & Co.Rahway,N.J.(2001).
其他質子泵抑制劑包括,但不限於,索拉帕占(soraprazan)(Altana);衣拉帕唑(ilaprazole)(美國專利
5,703,097)(Il-Yang);AZD-0865(AstraZeneca);YH-1885(PCT公開案WO 96/05177)(SB-641257)(2-嘧啶胺,4-(3,4-二氫-1-甲基-2(1H)-異喹啉基)-N-(4-氟苯基)-5,6-二甲基-,一鹽酸鹽)(YuHan);BY-112(Altana);SPI-447(咪唑并(1,2-a)噻吩并(3,2-c)吡啶-3-胺,5-甲基-2-(2-甲基-3-噻吩基)(Shinnippon);3-羥基甲基-2-甲基-9-苯基-7H-8,9-二氫-哌喃并(2,3-c)-咪唑并(1,2-a)吡啶(PCT公開案WO 95/27714)(AstraZeneca);Pharmaprojects No.4950(3-羥基甲基-2-甲基-9-苯基-7H-8,9-二氫-哌喃并(2,3-c)-咪唑并(1,2-a)吡啶)(AstraZeneca,停止)WO 95/27714;Pharmaprojects No.4891(EP 700899)(Aventis);Pharmaprojects No.4697(PCT公開案WO 95/32959)(AstraZeneca);H-335/25(AstraZeneca);T-330(Saitama 335)(Pharmacological Research Lab);Pharma-projects No.3177(Roche);By-574(Altana);Pharmaprojects No.2870(Pfizer);AU-1421(EP 264883)(Merck);AU-2064(Merck);AY-28200(Wyeth);Pharmaprojects No.2126(Aventis);WY-26769(Wyeth);邦馬帕唑(pumaprazole)(PCT公開案WO 96/05199)(Altana);YH-1238(YuHan);Pharmaprojects No.5648(PCT公開案WO 97/32854)(Dainippon);BY-686(Altana);YM-020(Yamanouchi);GYKI-34655(Ivax);FPL-65372(Aventis);Pharmaprojects No.3264(EP 509974)(AstraZeneca);尼巴帕唑(nepaprazole)(Toa Eiyo);HN-11203(Nycomed Pharma);OPC-22575;邦米拉西丁(pumilacidin)A(BMS);沙維帕唑(saviprazole)(EP
234485)(Aventis);SKandF-95601(GSK,不繼續);Pharmaprojects No.2522(EP 204215)(Pfizer);S-3337(Aventis);RS-13232A(Roche);AU-1363(Merck);SKandF-96067(EP 259174)(Altana);SUN 8176(Daiichi Phama);Ro-18-5362(Roche);優非帕唑(ufiprazole)(EP 74341)(AstraZeneca);及Bay-p-1455(Bayer);或這些化合物之自由鹼,自由酸,鹽,水合物,酯,醯胺,對映體,異構物,互變體,多晶形物,前藥,或衍生物。
本發明中其他質子泵抑制劑包括下列美國專利中所述者:4,628,098;4,689,333;4,786,505;4,853,230;4,965,269;5,021,433;5,026,560;5,045,321;5,093,132;5,430,042;5,433,959;5,576,025;5,639,478;5,703,110;5,705,517;5,708,017;5,731,006;5,824,339;5,855,914;5,879,708;5,948,773;6,017,560;6,123,962;6,187,340;6,296,875;6,319,904;6,328,994;4,255,431;4,508,905;4,636,499;4,738,974;5,690,960;5,714,504;5,753,265;5,817,338;6,093,734;6,013,281;6,136,344;6,183,776;6,328,994;6,479,075;6,559,167.
其他經取代之雙環芳基-咪唑化合物及其鹽,水合物,酯,醯胺,對映體,異構物,互變體,多晶形物,前藥,及衍生物可使用熟習合成有機化學技藝人士已知之標準程序製備。參見例如March,Advanced Organic Chemistry:Reactions,Mechanisms and Structure,4th Ed.(New York:Wiley-Interscience,1992);Leonard et al.,Advanced
Practical Organic Chemistry,(1992);Howarth et al.,Core Organic Chemistry(1998);及Weisermel et al.,Industrial Organic Chemistry(2002).
「醫藥可接受鹽」或「鹽」包括例如一種質子泵抑制劑由甲酸,醋酸,丙酸,琥珀酸,羥乙酸,葡萄庚酸,乳酸,蘋果酸,酒石酸,檸檬酸,抗壞血酸,葡糖醛酸,順丁烯二酸,反丁烯二酸,丙酮酸,天冬胺酸,麩胺酸,苯甲酸,鄰胺苯甲酸,甲磺酸,硬脂酸,水楊酸,對-羥基苯甲酸,苯基醋酸,苯乙醇酸,雙羥萘(embonic)酸,甲磺酸,乙磺酸,苯磺酸,泛酸,甲苯磺酸,2-羥基乙磺酸,磺胺(sulfanic)酸,環己基胺基磺酸,海藻酸,β-羥基丁酸,半乳糖二酸,及半乳糖醛酸所製備之鹽。
在一個具體實施例中,酸加成鹽係由自由鹼使用涉及自由鹼與一種適合酸反應之習知方法製備。適合用於製備酸加成鹽之酸包括有機酸,例如醋酸,丙酸,羥乙酸,丙酮酸,草酸,蘋果酸,丙二酸,琥珀酸,順丁烯二酸,反丁烯二酸,酒石酸,檸檬酸,苯甲酸,桂皮酸,苯乙醇酸,甲磺酸,乙磺酸,對-甲苯磺酸,水楊酸等,及無機酸,例如鹽酸,氫溴酸,硫酸,硝酸,磷酸等。
在其他具體實施例中,一種酸加成鹽以一種適合鹼處理再轉化為自由鹼。在其他具體實施例中,質子泵抑制劑之酸加成鹽為鹵鹽,其係使用鹽酸或氫溴酸製備。在其他具體實施例中,鹼鹽為鹼金屬鹽,例如鈉鹽。
質子泵抑制劑之鹽形式包括,但不限於,鈉鹽形式,如
衣索米帕唑(esomeprazole)鈉,歐帕唑(omeprazole)鈉,雷貝帕唑(rabeprazole)鈉,潘妥帕唑(pantoprazole)鈉;或鎂鹽形式,如衣索米帕唑鎂或歐帕唑鎂,述於美國專利5,900,424;或鈣鹽形式;或鉀鹽形式,如衣索米帕唑鉀鹽,述於美國專利申請案02/0198239及美國專利6,511,996。衣索米帕唑之其他鹽述於美國專利4,738,974及美國專利6,369,085。潘妥帕唑及蘭索帕唑(lansoprazole)之鹽形式分別討論於美國專利4,758,579及4,628,098。
在一個具體實施例,酯之製備涉及藥物分子結構內可能存在之一個羥基及/或羧基之官能基化。在一個具體實施例中,酯為自由醇基之醯基取代之衍生物,例如由式RCOOR1
之羧酸衍生者,其中R1
為低烷基。若需要,酯可由使用習知程序如氫解或水解再轉化為自由酸。
「醯胺」可使用熟習技藝人士已知或有關文獻中所述之技術製備。例如,醯胺可由酯使用適合胺反應劑製備,或可由一種酐或一種醯基氯與一個胺基如氨或低烷基胺反應而製備。
經取代之雙環芳基-咪唑之「互變體」包括例如歐帕唑之互變體,如美國專利6,262,085;6,262,086;6,268,385;6,312,723;6,316,020;6,326,384;6,369,087;及6,444,689;及美國專利公開案02/0156103中所述者。
經取代之雙環芳基-咪唑之「異構物」之實例為歐帕唑之異構物,包括,但不限於,Oishi et al.,Acta.Cryst.(1989),C45,1921-1923;美國專利6,150,380;美國專利公開案
02/0156284;及PCT公開案WO 02/085889中所述之異構物。
「多晶形物」之實例包括,但不限於,下列中所述者:PCT公開案WO 92/08716;及美國專利4,045,563;4,182,766;4,508,905;4,628,098;4,636,499;4,689,333;4,758,579;4,783,974;4,786,505;4,808,596;4,853,230;5,026,560;5,013,743;5,035,899;5,045,321;5,045,552;5,093,132;5,093,342;5,433,959;5,464,632;5,536,735;5,576,025;5,599,794;5,629,305;5,639,478;5,690,960;5,703,110;5,705,517;5,714,504;5,731,006;5,879,708;5,900,424;5,948,773;5,997,903;6,017,560;6,123,962;6,147,103;6,150,380;6,166,213;6,191,148;5,187,340;6,268,385;6,262,086;6,262,085;6,296,875;6,316,020;6,328,994;6,326,384;6,369,085;6,369,087;6,380,234;6,428,810;6,444,689;及6,462,0577.
質子泵抑制劑之粒子大小可以許多方式影響固體劑形。因為粒子大小減小使表面積(S)增加,故粒子大小減小使溶解速率(dM/dt)增加,以下列Noyes-Whitney方程式表示:dM/dt=dS/h(Cs-C)
M=藥物溶解之質量;t=時間;D=藥物之擴散係數;S=藥物粒子之有效表面積;H=靜止層厚度;Cs=飽和溶液之濃度;及C=在時間t溶液之濃度。
因為歐帕唑(omeprazole)及其他質子泵抑制劑具有不良
水溶解度,為協助藥物產物迅速溶解,本發明之各具體實施例使用微粒化質子泵抑制劑於微包膠。
在一些具體實施例中,至少約90%微粒化質子泵抑制劑之平均粒子大小小於約200微米,150微米,100微米,80微米,60微米,40微米,或小於約35微米,小於約30微米,或小於約25微米,或小於約20微米,或小於約15微米,或小於約10微米。在其他具體實施例中,至少80%微粒化質子泵抑制劑具有平均粒子大小小於約200微米,150微米,100微米,80微米,60微米,40微米,或小於約35微米,或小於約30微米,或小於約25微米,或小於約20微米,或小於約15微米,或小於約10微米。在其他具體實施例中,至少70%微粒化質子泵抑制劑具有平均粒子大小小於約200微米,150微米,100微米,80微米,60微米,40微米,或小於約35微米,或小於約30微米,或小於約25微米,或小於約20微米,或小於約15微米,或小於約10微米。
本發明提供微粒化質子泵抑制劑之大小可使大於75%之質子泵抑制劑在溶解測試約1小時內,或約50分鐘內,或約40分鐘內,或約30分鐘內,或約20分鐘內,或約10分鐘內,或約5分鐘內釋放之組合物。在本發明之另一具體實施例中,微粒化質子泵抑制劑之大小可使大於90%之質子泵抑制劑在溶解測試約1小時內,或約50分鐘內,或約40分鐘內,或約30分鐘內,或約20分鐘內,或約10分鐘內,或約5分鐘內釋放。參見2003年7月18日申請之美國臨時專利申請案60/488,324,及任何其後主張此案之優先權之申請案,全
部併入本文供參考。
本發明之醫藥組合物包含一或多種制酸劑。可用於本發明之一種制酸劑包括例如具有藥理活性之弱鹼或強鹼之制酸劑。在一個具體實施例中,制酸劑,當與一種質子泵抑制劑調配或輸送時(例如在之前,期間,及/或之後),實質上可防止或抑制質子泵抑制劑被胃腸道液體之酸降解一段期間,例如一段足以保存所施用質子泵抑制劑之生物可利用性之期間。在本發明之一方面,制酸劑包括IA族金屬之鹽,包括例如IA族金屬之碳酸氫鹽,IA族金屬之碳酸鹽,鹼土金屬制酸劑,鋁制酸劑,鈣制酸劑,或鎂制酸劑。
適合本發明之其他制酸劑包括例如鹼金屬(鈉及鉀)或鹼土金屬(鈣及鎂)碳酸鹽,磷酸鹽,碳酸氫鹽,檸檬酸鹽,硼酸鹽,醋酸鹽,酞酸鹽,酒石酸鹽,琥珀酸鹽等,如鈉或鉀之磷酸鹽,檸檬酸鹽,硼酸鹽,醋酸鹽,碳酸氫鹽,及碳酸鹽。
在各具體實施例中,制酸劑包括例如一種胺基酸,胺基酸之鹼鹽,氫氧化鋁,氫氧化鋁/碳酸鎂/碳酸鈣共沉澱物,氫氧化鎂鋁,氫氧化鋁/氫氧化鎂共沉澱物,氫氧化鋁/碳酸氫鈉共沉澱物,甘胺酸鋁,醋酸鈣,碳酸氫鈣,硼酸鈣,碳酸鈣,檸檬酸鈣,葡糖酸鈣,甘油磷酸鈣,氫氧化鈣,乳酸鈣,酞酸鈣,磷酸鈣,琥珀酸鈣,酒石酸鈣,磷酸氫二鈉,磷酸氫二鉀,磷酸二鉀,磷酸氫二鈉,琥珀酸二鈉,無水氫氧化鋁凝膠,L-精胺酸,醋酸鎂,鋁酸鎂,硼酸鎂,
碳酸氫鎂,碳酸鎂,檸檬酸鎂,葡糖酸鎂,氫氧化鎂,乳酸鎂,鋁酸偏矽酸鎂,氧化鎂,酞酸鎂,磷酸鎂,矽酸鎂,琥珀酸鎂,酒石酸鎂,醋酸鉀,碳酸鉀,碳酸氫鉀,硼酸鉀,檸檬酸鉀,偏磷酸鉀,酞酸鉀,磷酸鉀,多磷酸鉀,焦磷酸鉀,琥珀酸鉀,酒石酸鉀,醋酸鈉,碳酸氫鈉,硼酸鈉,碳酸鈉,檸檬酸鈉,葡糖酸鈉,磷酸氫鈉,氫氧化鈉,乳酸鈉,酞酸鈉,磷酸鈉,多磷酸鈉,焦磷酸鈉,倍半碳酸鈉,琥珀酸鈉,酒石酸鈉,三聚磷酸鈉,合成水滑石,焦磷酸四鉀,焦磷酸四鈉,磷酸三鉀,磷酸三鈉,胺基丁三醇(trometamol)。(部份基於The Merck Index,Merck & Co.Rahway,N.J.(2001)中所提供者)。此外,由於蛋白質或蛋白質水解物可與胃酸反應,彼等亦可在本發明中用作制酸劑。另外,上述制酸劑之合併物可用於本文中所述之醫藥調配物中。
可用於本發明之制酸劑亦包括與HCl(或其他酸在所欲環境中)相互作用較質子泵抑制劑與相同酸相互作用快速之制酸劑或制酸劑合併物。當放入一種液相如水中時,這些制酸劑產生及維持之pH大於質子泵抑制劑之pKa。
在各具體實施例中,制酸劑係選自碳酸氫鈉,碳酸鈉,碳酸鈣,氧化鎂,氫氧化鎂,碳酸鎂,氫氧化鋁,及其混合物。在另一具體實施例中,制酸劑為碳酸氫鈉,以約0.1 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑至約5 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑存在。在另一具體實施例中,制酸劑為碳酸氫鈉及氫氧化鎂之混合物,其中碳酸氫鈉及氫氧化鎂各以約0.1 mEq/毫克質
子泵抑制劑至約5 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑存在。在另一具體實施例中,制酸劑為碳酸氫鈉,碳酸鈣,及氫氧化鎂之混合物,其中碳酸氫鈉,碳酸鈣,及氫氧化鎂各以約0.1 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑至約5 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑存在。
在本發明之其他具體實施例中,制酸劑係以約0.1 mEq/毫克至約5 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約0.5 mEq/毫克至約3 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約0.6 mEq/毫克至約2.5 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約0.7 mEq/毫克至約2.0 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約0.8 mEq/毫克至約1.8 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約1.0 mEq/毫克至約1.5 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或至少0.5 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑之量存在。
在另一具體實施例中,制酸劑係以約0.1 mEq/毫克至約15 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約0.1 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約0.5 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約1 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約2 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約2.5 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約3 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約3.5 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約4 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約4.5 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約5 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約6 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約7 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約8 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約9 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約10 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約11 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約12 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約13 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約14 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑,或約15 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑之量存在
於本發明之醫藥調配物中。
在一個具體實施例中,制酸劑係以每劑約1 mEq至約160 mEq,或約1 mEq,或約5 mEq,或約10 mEq,或約15 mEq,或約20 mEq,或約25 mEq,或約30 mEq,或約35 mEq,或約40 mEq,或約45 mEq,或約50 mEq,或約60 mEq,或約70 mEq,或約80 mEq,或約90 mEq,或約100 mEq,或約110 mEq,或約120 mEq,或約130 mEq,或約140 mEq,或約150 mEq,或約160 mEq之量存在於本發明之醫藥調配物中。
在另一具體實施例中,制酸劑係以多約5倍,或多約10倍,或多約20倍,或多約30倍,或多約40倍,或多約50倍,或多約60倍,或多約70倍,或多約80倍,或多約90倍,或多約100倍質子泵抑制劑之量存在,基於組合物之重量比重量計。
在另一具體實施例中,制酸劑存在於醫藥調配物中之量在200至3500毫克之間。在其他具體實施例中,制酸劑存在於醫藥調配物中之量為約200毫克,或約300毫克,或約400毫克,或約500毫克,或約600毫克,或約700毫克,或約800毫克,或約900毫克,或約1000毫克,或約1100毫克,或約1200毫克,或約1300毫克,或約1400毫克,或約1500毫克,或約1600毫克,或約1700毫克,或約1800毫克,或約1900毫克,或約2000毫克,或約2100毫克,或約2200毫克,或約2300毫克,或約2400毫克,或約2500毫克,或約2600毫克,或約2700毫克,或約2800毫克,或約2900毫克,或約
3000毫克,或約3200毫克,或約3500毫克。
在一些具體實施例中,若至少一種緩衝劑為二或多種緩衝劑之合併物,該合併物包含至少二種非胺基酸緩衝劑,其中至少二種非胺基酸緩衝劑之合併物實質上不包含氫氧化鋁-碳酸氫鈉共沉澱物。在其他具體實施例中,若醫藥組合物包含一種胺基酸緩衝劑,緩衝劑存在於醫藥組合物中之總量為少於約5 mEq,或少於約4 mEq,或少於約3 mEq。本文中所用之術語「胺基酸緩衝劑」包括胺基酸,胺基酸鹽,及胺基酸鹼鹽,包括甘胺酸,丙胺酸,羥丁胺酸,異白胺酸,纈胺酸,苯丙胺酸,麩胺酸,天冬胺酸,離胺酸,甘胺酸鋁及/或離胺酸麩胺酸鹽,甘胺酸鹽酸鹽,L-丙胺酸,DL-丙胺酸,L-羥丁胺酸,DL-羥丁胺酸,L-異白胺酸,L-纈胺酸,L-苯丙胺酸,L-麩胺酸,L-麩胺酸鹽酸鹽,L-麩胺酸鈉鹽,L-天冬胺酸,L-天冬胺酸鈉鹽,L-離胺酸,及L-離胺酸-L-麩胺酸鹽。本文中所用之術語「非胺基酸緩衝劑」包括上述定義之緩衝劑,但是不包括胺基酸緩衝劑。
在其他具體實施例中,醫藥組合物實質上不包含或無聚[磷醯基/磺酸]化烴,呈固體劑形。在另一有關具體實施例中,若組合物包含一種聚[磷醯基/磺酸]化烴(例如胃潰寧(sucralfate)或蔗糖八硫酸鹽),聚[磷醯基/磺酸]化烴對於緩衝劑之重量比例為少於1:5(0.2),少於1:10(0.1),或少於1:20(0.05)。或者,聚[磷醯基/磺酸]化烴存在於組合物中之量少於50毫克,少於25毫克,少於10毫克,或少於5毫克。
本發明亦提供包含至少一種可溶性制酸劑之醫藥調配
物。例如,在一個具體實施例中,制酸劑為碳酸氫鈉,以約0.1 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑至約5 mEq毫克質子泵抑制劑存在。在另一具體實施例中,制酸劑為碳酸氫鈉及氫氧化鎂之混合物,其中碳酸氫鈉及氫氧化鎂各以約0.1 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑至約5 mEq/毫克質子泵抑制劑存在。本文中所用之術語「可溶性制酸劑」表一種制酸劑在胃腸道液體中具有溶解度至少500毫克/毫升,或300毫克/毫升,或200毫克/毫升,或100毫克/毫升。
在本發明之一些具體實施例中,制酸劑具有特定粒子大小。例如,制酸劑之平均粒子大小可為直徑不大於20微米,或不大於30微米,或不大於40微米,或不大於50微米,或不大於60微米,或不大於70微米,或不大於80微米,或不大於90微米,或不大於100微米。在各具體實施例中,至少約70%制酸劑直徑不大於20微米,或不大於30微米,或不大於40微米,或不大於50微米,或不大於60微米,或不大於70微米,或不大於80微米,或不大於90微米,或不大於100微米。在其他具體實施例中,至少約85%制酸劑直徑不大於20微米,或不大於30微米,或不大於40微米,或不大於50微米,或不大於60微米,或不大於70微米,或不大於80微米,或不大於90微米,或不大於100微米。
可用於增進本發明醫藥調配物擱置期之物質包括與醫藥調配物之質子泵抑制劑相容之物質,其將質子泵抑制劑與其他不相容賦形劑充分分離。與本發明質子泵抑制劑相容
之物質為可增進質子泵抑制劑擱置期,即減緩或停止質子泵抑制劑降解之物質。
可用於增進包含質子泵抑制劑之醫藥調配物擱置期之微包膠物質之實例包括例如纖維素羥基丙基醚(HPC),如EF Klucel®
,Nisso HPC,及PrimaFlo HP22;低取代之羥基丙基醚(L-HPC);纖維素羥基丙基甲基醚(HPMC),如Seppifilm-LC,Pharmacoat®
,Metolose SR,Opadry YS,PrimaFlo,MP3295A,Benecel MP824,及Benecel MP843;甲基纖維素聚合物,如Methocel®
及Metolose®
;乙基纖維素(EC)及其混合物,如E461,Ethocel®
,Aqualon®
-EC,Surelease;聚乙烯基醇(PVA),如Opadry AMB;羥基乙基纖維素,如Natrosol®
;羧基甲基纖維素及羧基甲基纖維素(CMC)之鹽,如Aqualon®
-CMC;聚乙烯基醇及聚乙二醇共聚物,如Kollicoat IR®
;一酸甘油酯(Myverol),三酸甘油酯(KLX),聚乙二醇,修釋之食物澱粉,丙烯酸聚合物,及丙烯酸聚合物與纖維素醚之混合物,如Eudragit®
EPO,Eudragit®
RD100,及Eudragit®
E100;酞酸醋酸纖維素;西比薄膜(sepifilms),如HPMC及硬脂酸之混合物,環糊精,及這些物質之混合物。在其他具體實施例中,微包膠物質係選自羥基丙基纖維素及纖維素醚。在其他具體實施例中,微包膠物質係選自Klucel EF,Klucel EXF,Methocel E5,Methocel E15,及Methocel A15。在其他具體實施例中,增進擱置期之物質在10%溶液具有黏度100-800 cps;或在10%溶液具有黏度200-600 cps;或在10%溶液具有黏度
300-400 cps。
在各具體實施例中,一種緩衝劑如碳酸氫鈉併入微包膠物質中。在其他具體實施例中,一種抗氧化劑如BHT或BHA併入微包膠物質中。在其他具體實施例中,增塑劑如聚乙二醇,例如PEG 300,PEG 400,PEG 600,PEG 1450,PEG 3350,及PEG 800,硬脂酸,丙二醇,油酸,及甘油三醋酸酯(triacetin)併入微包膠物質中。在其他具體實施例中,可用於增進醫藥調配物擱置期之微包膠物質係得自USP或the National Formulary(NF)。
在其他具體實施例中,一或多種其他相容物質存在於微包膠物質中。實例物質包括例如壁細胞活化劑,有機溶劑,糜爛促進劑,擴散促進劑,抗附著劑,防泡沫劑,抗氧化劑,甜化劑,調味劑,及載劑物質,如黏合劑,懸浮劑,崩解劑,填充劑,表面活性劑,溶解劑,安定劑,潤滑劑,潤濕劑,及稀釋劑。
本發明醫藥調配物可具有增進之擱置期安定性,若微包膠質子泵抑制劑在室溫貯存一個月後少於約0.5%降解,或在室溫貯存一個月後少於約1%降解,或在室溫貯存一個月後少於約1.5%降解,或在室溫貯存一個月後少於約2%降解,或在室溫貯存一個月後少於約2.5%降解,或在室溫貯存一個月後少於約3%降解。
在其他具體實施例中,本發明醫藥調配物可具有增進之擱置期安定性,若醫藥調配物在貯存約3年後,或在貯存約2.5年後,或在貯存約2年後,或在貯存約1.5年後,或在貯
存約1年後,或在貯存約11個月後,或在貯存10個月後,或在貯存9個月後,或在貯存8個月後,或在貯存7個月後,或在貯存6個月後,或在貯存5個月後,或在貯存4個月後,或在貯存3個月後,或在貯存2個月後,或在貯存1個月後含有少於約5%總不純物。
在其他具體實施例中,本發明之醫藥調配物可具有增進之擱置期安定性,若醫藥調配物含有質子泵抑制劑降解少於相同調配物中未微包膠或「赤裸」之質子泵抑制劑。例如,若在貯存一個月後醫藥調配物中赤裸質子泵抑制劑在室溫降解多於約2%,而在貯存一個月後微包膠物質在室溫降解少於約2%,則質子泵抑制劑以一種可增進醫藥調配物擱置期之相容物質微包膠。
在一些具體實施例中,可用於增進醫藥調配物擱置期之微包膠物質增加醫藥調配物之擱置期安定性在室溫至少約5天,或在室溫至少約10天,或在室溫至少約15天,或在室溫至少約20天,或在室溫至少約25天,或在室溫至少約30天,或在室溫至少約2個月,或在室溫至少約3個月,或在室溫至少約4個月,或在室溫至少約5個月,或在室溫至少約6個月,或在室溫至少約7個月,或在室溫至少約8個月,或在室溫至少約9個月,或在室溫至少約10個月,或在室溫至少約11個月,或在室溫至少約1年,或在室溫至少約1.5年,或在室溫至少約2年,或在室溫至少約2.5年,或在室溫約3年。
在本發明之一些具體實施例中,醫藥調配物之最終調配
物呈錠劑形式,至少約50%,或至少約55%,或至少約60%,或至少約65%,或至少約70%,或至少約75%,或至少約80%,或至少約85%,或至少約90%,或至少約92%,或至少約95%,或至少約98%,或至少約99%微小球保存於製錠過程中,其中保存於製錠過程中之微小球為提供本文中所述之所欲性質者。
在其他具體實施例中,醫藥調配物之最終調配物呈粉末形式用於口服懸浮液,包圍質子泵抑制劑之微包膠物質在少於1小時,或少於50分鐘,或少於40分鐘,或少於30分鐘,或少於25分鐘,或少於20分鐘,或少於15分鐘,或少於10分鐘,或少於5分鐘,或少於1分鐘內,有或無攪拌,充分溶於水中。充分溶解意為至少約50%包膠物質溶解。
在各具體實施例中,可用於增進醫藥調配物擱置期之微包膠物質在暴露於胃腸道液體後少於約1.5小時內,或約10分鐘內,或約20分鐘內,或約30分鐘內,或約40分鐘內,或約50分鐘內,或約1小時內,或約1.25小時內,或約1.5小時內充分崩解而釋放質子泵抑制劑於胃之胃腸道液體。充分崩解意為至少約50%微包膠物質溶解。
質子泵抑制劑本質味苦,在本發明之一個具體實施例中,這些苦質子泵抑制劑以一種味道遮蔽物質微包膠。可用於遮蔽醫藥調配物味道之物質包括可微包膠質子泵抑制劑之物質,因此避免感覺味苦。本發明之味道遮蔽物質提供優異醫藥調配物,例如由產生較美味之醫藥調配物及/或
由產生需要較少傳統調味劑或味道遮蔽劑之劑形。
用於產生一種美味產物之「味道主導」標準包括(1)鑑定味道之立即衝擊,(2)平衡,完全味道之迅速發展,(3)相容之口感因子,(4)無「不合」味道,及(5)短暫餘味。參見例如Worthington,A Matter of Taste,Pharmaceutical Executive(April 2001)。本發明之醫藥調配物基於一或多個這些標準改良。
有許多已知方法可決定一種味道遮蔽物質之效果,如用於測試樣品間之差異及用於評級一系列樣品之特定特徵之區別試驗;用於評分特定產物特質如味道及外觀之評等試驗;用於定量及定性評估一特定樣品之品味專家;用於測量二種產物之反應,測量一種產物或特定特質之喜歡或不喜歡之程度,或測定一種特定特質之適合性之情感試驗;及用於描繪味道輪廓之說明方法以提供一種產物之客觀說明,均為用於此領域之方法。
一種醫藥調配物之不同感覺品質,如芳香,味道,特徵,及餘味,可使用此技藝已知之試驗測量。參見例如Roy et al.,Modifying Bitterness:Mechanism,Ingredients,and Applications(1997)。例如,一種產物之餘味可由使用一種時間對強度之感覺測量方法測量。最近,已發展一些現代分析以警告調配物加工處理者某些物質之苦味。使用熟習技藝人士已知之資訊,可輕易決定一種本發明醫藥調配物之一或多種感覺品質是否已由使用味道遮蔽物質改良。
一種醫藥調配物之味道對於增加病人之順從性及與其他
用於相似疾病,症狀,及病症之市售產物競爭相當重要。味道,特別是苦味,在用於小孩之醫藥調配物特別重要,因為彼等不可能估量轉好之正面利益,而對抗口中苦味之立即負面衝擊,很可能拒絕味道不佳之藥物。因此,對於小孩之醫藥調配物,遮蔽苦味變得較重要。
質子泵抑制劑經微包膠可(1)降低產生一種美味產物所需調味劑之量,及/或(2)由分離藥物與味道受體而遮蔽質子泵抑制劑之苦味。
味道遮蔽物質包括例如纖維素羥基丙基醚(HPC),如Klucel®
,Nisswo HPC,及PrimaFlo HP22;低取代之羥基丙基醚(L-HPC);纖維素羥基丙基甲基醚(HPMC),如Seppifilm-LC,Pharmacoat®
,Metolose SR,Opadry YS,PrimaFlo,MP3295A,Benecel MP824,及Benecel MP843;甲基纖維素聚合物,如Methocel®
及Metolose®
;乙基纖維素(EC)及其混合物,如E461,Ethocel®
,Aqualon®
-EC,Surelease;聚乙烯基醇(PVA),如Opadry AMB;羥基乙基纖維素,如Natrosol®
;羧基甲基纖維素及羧基甲基纖維素(CMC)之鹽,如Aualon®
-CMC;聚乙烯基醇及聚乙二醇共聚物,如Kollicoat IR®
;一酸甘油酯(Myverol),三酸甘油酯(KLX),聚乙二醇,修釋之食物澱粉,丙烯酸聚合物,及丙烯酸聚合物與纖維素醚之混合物,如Eudragit®
EPO,Eudragit®
RD100,及Eudragit®
E100;酞酸醋酸纖維素;西比薄膜(sepifilms),如HPMC及硬脂酸之混合物,環糊精,及這些物質之混合物。
在本發明之其他具體實施例中,其他味道遮蔽物質述於美國專利4,851,226,5,075,114及5,876,759。對於味道遮蔽物質之其他實例,參見例如Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,19th
Ed.(Easton,Pa.:Mack Publishing Company,1995);Hoover,John E.,Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pennsylvania 1975);Liberman,H.A.and Lachman,L.,Eds.,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms(Marcel Decker,New York,N.Y.,1980);及Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems,7th
Ed.(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1999)。
在各具體實施例中,一種pH修釋劑如碳酸鈉或碳酸氫鈉併入微包膠物質中。在其他具體實施例中,一種抗氧化劑如BHT或BHA併入微包膠物質中。在另一具體實施例中,蔗糖或蔗糖素(sucralose)併入味道遮蔽物質中。在其他具體實施例中,增塑劑如聚乙二醇及/或硬脂酸併入微包膠物質中。
在其他具體實施例中,一或多種其他相容物質存在於微包膠物質中。實例物質包括例如壁細胞活化劑,有機溶劑,糜爛促進劑,擴散促進劑,抗附著劑,防泡沫劑,抗氧化劑,調味劑,及載劑物質,如黏合劑,懸浮劑,崩解劑,填充劑,表面活性劑,溶解劑,安定劑,潤滑劑,潤濕劑,稀釋劑。
除質子泵抑制劑以一種本文中所述之味道遮蔽物質微包
膠外,本發明之醫藥調配物亦可包含一或多種調味劑。
可用於本發明醫藥調配物中之「調味劑」或「甜化劑」包括例如金合歡糖漿,乙醯沙芬(acesulfame)K,阿利甜(alitame),茴香,蘋果,阿斯巴甜(aspartame),香蕉,巴伐利亞(Bavarian)醬(cream),漿果(berry),黑醋栗(black currant),奶油糖(butterscotch),檸檬酸鈣,樟腦,焦糖,櫻桃,櫻桃醬,巧克力,肉桂,泡泡糖,柑橘,柑橘酒(punch),柑橘醬,棉花糖,可可,可樂,冷櫻桃,冷柑橘,環己烷胺基磺酸鹽(cyclamate),西拉美鹽(cylamate),右旋糖,油加利(eucalyptus),丁香酚(eugenol),果糖,水果酒,薑,甘草酸鹽(glycyrrhetinate),甘草(licorice)糖漿,葡萄,葡萄柚,蜂蜜,異麥芽,檸檬,萊姆(lime),檸檬醬,甘草酸苷(glyrrhizinate)一銨(MagnaSweet®),麥芽醇,甘露糖醇,楓糖(maple),藥用蜀葵(marshmallow),薄荷醇,薄荷醬,混合櫻桃,新橘皮苷(neohesperidine)DC,尼歐甜(neotame),橘子,梨,桃,薄荷,薄荷醬,Prosweet® Powder,木莓,沙士根(root beer),甜酒(rum),糖精,黃樟素(safrole),山梨糖醇,綠薄荷(spearmint),綠薄荷醬,草莓,草莓醬,斯替維亞(stevia),蔗糖素(sucralose),蔗糖,糖精鈉,乙醯沙芬(acesulfame)鉀,塔林(talin),斯利醇(sylitol),瑞士乳霜(Swiss cream),塔格糖(tagatose),紅桔(tangerine),燒馬丁(thaumatin),水果冰淇淋(tutti fruitti),香草,胡桃,西瓜,野櫻桃,冬青(wintergreen),木糖醇,或這些調味成份之任何合併,例如茴香-薄荷醇,櫻桃-茴
香,肉桂-橘子,櫻桃-肉桂,巧克力-薄荷,蜂蜜-檸檬,檸檬-萊姆,檸檬-薄荷,薄荷醇-油加利,橘子-乳霜,香草-薄荷,及其混合物。在其他具體實施例中,氯化鈉併入醫藥調配物中。
基於質子泵抑制劑,制酸劑,及賦形劑,以及各劑用量,熟習技藝人士可決定調味劑之最佳合併以提供消費者需要及順從之最適調味產物。參見例如Roy et al.,Modifying Bitterness:Mechanism,Ingredients,and Applications(1997)。
在一個具體實施例中,一或多種調味劑與味道遮蔽物質在質子泵抑制劑微包膠之前混合,因此為味道遮蔽物質之一部份。在其他具體實施例中,調味劑與不相容之賦形劑在調配過程期間混合,因此不與質子泵抑制劑接觸,不為微包膠物質之一部份。
在另一具體實施例中,一種制酸劑,如碳酸氫鈉,亦以一或多種味道遮蔽物質微包膠。
在另一具體實施例中,味道遮蔽物質之重量百分比為例如醫藥組合物總重量之約或少於98%,約或少於95%,約或少於90%,約或少於85%,約或少於80%,約或少於75%,約或少於70%,約或少於65%,約或少於60%,約或少於55%,約或少於50%,約或少於45%,約或少於40%,約或少於35%,約或少於30%,約或少於25%,約或少於20%,約或少於15%,約或少於10%,約或少於5%,約或少於2%,或約或少於1%。
在本發明之其他具體實施例中,產生一種美味產物所需調味劑之量,與一種包含未微包膠之質子泵抑制劑之醫藥調配物比較,減少5%或以下,或5%至10%,或10%至20%,或20%至30%,或30%至40%,或40%至50%,或50%至60%,或60%至70%,或70%至80%,或80%至90%,或90%至95%,或減少大於95%。在其他具體實施例中,不需調味劑以產生較美味之醫藥調配物,與一種包含未微包膠之質子泵抑制劑之相似醫藥調配物比較。
在本發明之各具體實施例中,調味劑存在於醫藥調配物中之總量少於20克,或少於15克,或少於10克,或少於8克,或少於5克,或少於4克,或少於3.5克,或少於3克,或少於2.5克,或少於2克,或少於1.5克,或少於1克,或少於500毫克,或少於250毫克,或少於150毫克,或少於100毫克,或少於50毫克。
質子泵抑制劑可以熟習技藝人士已知之方法微包膠。該已知方法包括例如噴乾法,旋轉盤法,熱熔法,噴灑冷卻法,流動床,靜電沉積,離心擠製,旋轉懸浮液分離,液體-氣體或固體-氣體介面聚合,壓力擠製,或噴灑溶劑萃取浴。除這些外,亦可使用幾種化學技術,例如複合物膠粒堆積,溶劑蒸發,聚合物-聚合物不相容性,在液體介質中介面聚合,當場聚合,在液體中乾燥,及在液體介質中去溶劑化。
旋轉盤法可1)增加生產速率,由於較高進料速率及使用
較高固體裝載於進料溶液中,2)產生較多球形粒子,3)產生較均勻之塗層,及4)在方法中噴嘴之阻塞有限。
噴乾通常較容易大規模使用。在各具體實施例中,噴乾包膠方法中所用之物質係以濃縮形式,例如40-60%固體,乳化或分散於核心物質中。在一個具體實施例中,微包膠物質乳化,直到獲得約1至3微米小滴為止。一旦獲得質子泵抑制劑及包膠物質之分散液,乳液以小滴加入噴灑乾燥器之加熱室中。在一些具體實施例中,小滴噴入該室中或旋轉離開一個旋轉盤。然後微小球在加熱室中乾燥,落入噴灑乾燥室之底部回收。
在本發明之一些具體實施例中,微小球具有不規則之幾何學。在其他具體實施例中,微小球為較小粒子之凝集物。
在各具體實施例中,微小球中質子泵抑制劑之藥物負載為大於1%,大於2.5%,大於5%,大於10%,大於15%,大於20%,大於25%,大於30%,大於35%,大於40%,大於45%,大於50%,大於55%,大於60%,大於65%,大於70%,大於75%,大於80%重量之質子泵抑制劑對於微包膠之藥物。
質子泵抑制劑係根據良好醫藥實施施用,考慮各病人之臨床症狀,施用之位置及方法,施用之時間表,或醫藥實施者已知之其他因素。在人類治療中,重要的是提供一種輸送活體內所需治療量之藥物及以迅速方式使藥物為生物可利用之劑形。除本文中所述之劑形外,Phillips等人於美
國專利6,489,346中所述之劑形併入本文供參考。
全部藥物吸收入血流中之百分比並不重要,祇要在醫藥組合物施用於一個體後治療疾病有效量,例如胃腸道疾病有效量之一種質子泵抑制劑被吸收。應明瞭,質子泵抑制劑及/或制酸劑施用於一個體之量依例如該個體之性別,一般健康,飲食,及/或體重而定。
舉例而言,一種經取代之雙環芳基-咪唑施用於一個年幼小孩或小動物,如狗,相當低量之質子泵抑制劑,例如約1毫克至約30毫克,通常提供血清濃度與治療功效一致。若該個體為一個成年人或大動物,如馬,達成治療有效血清濃度需要較大劑量單位,例如約10毫克,約15毫克,約20毫克,約30毫克,約40毫克,約80毫克,或約120毫克劑量對於一個成年人,或約150毫克,或約200毫克,或約400毫克,或約800毫克,或約1000毫克劑量,或約1500毫克劑量,或約2000毫克劑量,或約2500毫克劑量,或約3000毫克劑量,或約3200毫克劑量,或約3500毫克劑量對於一匹成年馬。
在本發明之其他具體實施例中,施用於一個體之質子泵抑制劑之量為例如約1-2毫克/公斤體重,或約0.5毫克/公斤體重,或約1毫克/公斤體重,或約1.5毫克/公斤體重,或約2毫克/公斤體重。
治療劑量一般可達到最適安全性及功效。活體外及/或活體內試驗之劑量有效關係一般對於個體施用之適當劑量最初可提供有用之指導。動物模型之研究一般可用於指導根
據本發明治療胃腸道病症或疾病之有效劑量。關於治療方式,應明瞭,所施用劑量將依各種因素而定,包括所施用之特定劑,施用之途徑選擇,特定個體之症狀。
在各具體實施例中,用於人類之單位劑形含有約1毫克至約120毫克,或約1毫克,或約5毫克,或約10毫克,或約15毫克,或約20毫克,或約30毫克,或約40毫克,或約50毫克,或約60毫克,或約70毫克,或約80毫克,或約90毫克,或約100毫克,或約110毫克,或約120毫克一種質子泵抑制劑。
在本發明之另一具體實施例中,施用醫藥調配物之量在醫藥調配物施用後約30分鐘內可達成一種非酸降解之質子泵抑制劑之可測量血清濃度大於約100奈克/毫升。在本發明之另一具體實施例中,醫藥調配物施用於個體之量在醫藥調配物施用後約15分鐘內可達成一種非酸降解或非酸反應之質子泵抑制劑之可測量血清濃度大於約100奈克/毫升。在另一具體實施例中,醫藥調配物施用於個體之量在醫藥調配物施用後約10分鐘內可達成一種非酸降解或非酸反應之質子泵抑制劑之可測量血清濃度大於約100奈克/毫升。
在本發明之另一具體實施例中,組合物施用於個體之量在組合物施用後約15分鐘內可達成質子泵抑制劑之可測量血清濃度大於約150奈克/毫升及約15分鐘至約1小時可維持質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度大於約150奈克/毫升。在本發明之另一具體實施例中,組合物施用於個體之量在組合物
施用後約15分鐘內可達成質子泵抑制劑之可測量血清濃度大於約250奈克/毫升及約15分鐘至約1小時可維持質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度大於約150奈克/毫升。在本發明之另一具體實施例中,組合物施用於個體之量在組合物施用後約15分鐘內可達成質子泵抑制劑之可測量血清濃度大於約350奈克/毫升及約15分鐘至約1小時可維持質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度大於約150奈克/毫升。在本發明之另一具體實施例中,組合物施用於個體之量在組合物施用後約15分鐘內可達成質子泵抑制劑之可測量血清濃度大於約450奈克/毫升及約15分鐘至約1小時可維持質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度大於約150奈克/毫升。
在本發明之另一具體實施例中,組合物施用於個體之量在組合物施用後約30分鐘內可達成質子泵抑制劑之可測量血清濃度大於約150奈克/毫升及約30分鐘至約1小時可維持質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度大於約150奈克/毫升。在本發明之另一具體實施例中,組合物施用於個體之量在組合物施用後約30分鐘內可達成質子泵抑制劑之可測量血清濃度大於約250奈克/毫升及約30分鐘至約1小時可維持質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度大於約150奈克/毫升。在本發明之另一具體實施例中,組合物施用於個體之量在組合物施用後約30分鐘內可達成質子泵抑制劑之可測量血清濃度大於約350奈克/毫升及約30分鐘至約1小時可維持質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度大於約150奈克/毫升。在本發明之另一具體實施例中,組合物施用於個體之量在組合物施用後約30分鐘
內可達成質子泵抑制劑之可測量血清濃度大於約450奈克/毫升及約30分鐘至約1小時可維持質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度大於約150奈克/毫升。
在本發明之另一具體實施例中,組合物施用於個體之量在組合物施用後約1小時內可達成一種非酸降解或非酸反應之質子泵抑制劑之可測量血清濃度大於約500奈克/毫升。在本發明之另一具體實施例中,組合物施用於個體之量在組合物施用後約45分鐘內可達成一種非酸降解或非酸反應之質子泵抑制劑之可測量血清濃度大於約300奈克/毫升。
本發明之組合物在施用後間隔約5分鐘至約24小時提供質子泵抑制劑之治療作用,若需要,可施用例如一天一次,一天二次,一天三次。
一般而言,希望施用化合物之量可有效達成血清濃度相當於活體內發現可有效激發治療作用一段期間之濃度。這些參數之測定係在熟習技藝人士之範圍內。這些考慮為此技藝中眾所周知,述於標準教科書中。
在本發明之一個具體實施例中,組合物以胃腸道疾病有效量施用於一個體,亦即,組合物施用之量於一個體血清中達成一種質子泵抑制劑之治療有效劑量一段期間以激發所欲治療作用。舉例而言,在一個絕食成人(絕食一般至少10小時),施用組合物以在施用組合物後約45分鐘內於該個體血清中達成一種質子泵抑制劑之治療有效劑量。在本發明之另一具體實施例中,治療有效劑量之質子泵抑制劑係
在組合物施用於一個體後約30分鐘內於該個體之血清中達成。在本發明之另一具體實施例中,治療有效劑量之質子泵抑制劑係在組合物施用於一個體後約20分鐘內於該個體之血清中達成。在本發明之另一具體實施例中,治療有效劑量之質子泵抑制劑係在組合物施用於一個體後約15分鐘內於該個體之血清中達成。
在其他具體實施例中,大於約98%;或大於約95%;或大於約90%;或大於約75%;或大於約50%之藥物吸收入血流中係呈非酸降解或非酸反應之形式。
在其他具體實施例中,該醫藥調配物提供質子泵抑制劑之釋放輪廓,使用USP溶解方法,在暴露於胃腸道液體後,大於約50%之質子泵抑制劑在約2小時內由組合物釋放;或大於50%之質子泵抑制劑在約1.5小時內由組合物釋放;或大於50%之質子泵抑制劑在約1小時內由組合物釋放。在另一具體實施例中,在暴露於胃腸道液體後,大於約60%之質子泵抑制劑在約2小時內由組合物釋放;或大於60%之質子泵抑制劑在約1.5小時內由組合物釋放;或大於60%之質子泵抑制劑在約1小時內由組合物釋放。在另一具體實施例中,在暴露於胃腸道液體後,大於約70%之質子泵抑制劑在約2小時內由組合物釋放;或大於70%之質子泵抑制劑在約1.5小時內由組合物釋放;或大於70%之質子泵抑制劑在約1小時內由組合物釋放。
本發明之醫藥調配物含有所欲量之微包膠質子泵抑制劑
及制酸劑,可呈例如錠,包括懸浮液錠,口嚼錠,或起泡錠;藥丸;粉末,如滅菌包裝粉末,可分配粉末,及起泡粉末;膠囊,包括軟或硬明膠膠囊,如HPMC膠囊;含片(lozenge);小藥囊(sachet);口含錠(troche);小粒;顆粒;或氣溶膠形式。本發明之這些醫藥調配物可以習知藥理學技術製造。
習知藥理學技術包括例如下列方法之一或合併:(1)乾燥混合,(2)直接壓縮,(3)研磨,(4)乾燥或非水顆粒化,(5)濕顆粒化,或(6)融合。參見例如Lachman et al.,The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy(1986)。其他方法包括例如製粒(prilling),噴乾,盤塗覆,熔解顆粒化,顆粒化,沃斯特(wurster)塗覆,切線(tangential)塗覆,頂部噴灑,製錠,擠製,膠粒堆積等。
在一個具體實施例中,質子泵抑制劑在調配成上述形式之一之前微包膠。在另一具體實施例中,一些或所有制酸劑亦在調配成上述形式之一之前微包膠。在其他具體實施例中,使用標準塗覆程序,如Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,20th Edition(2000)中所述者,提供一薄膜塗層包圍醫藥調配物。
本發明提供一些或所有質子泵抑制劑及一些或所有制酸劑微包膠之醫藥調配物。在一些具體實施例中,僅一些質子泵抑制劑微包膠。在其他具體實施例中,所有質子泵抑制劑微包膠。在其他具體實施例中,僅一些制酸劑微包膠。
在各具體實施例中,微包膠藥物平均粒子大小之範圍為
直徑微米以下至小於約1,000微米,或直徑小於約900微米,或直徑小於約800微米,或直徑小於約700微米,或直徑小於約600微米,或直徑小於約500微米,或直徑小於約450微米,或直徑小於約400微米,或直徑小於約350微米,或直徑小於約300微米,或直徑小於約250微米,或直徑小於約200微米,或直徑小於約150微米,或直徑小於約100微米,或直徑小於約75微米,或直徑小於約50微米,或直徑小於約25微米,或直徑小於約15微米。在其他具體實施例中,凝集物之平均粒子大小為直徑約25微米至直徑約300微米之間。在其他具體實施例中,凝集物之平均粒子大小為直徑約100微米至直徑約200微米之間。在其他具體實施例中,凝集物之平均粒子大小為直徑約25微米至直徑約100微米之間。術語「平均粒子大小」意為說明醫藥調配物中所用粒子及/或黏聚物之平均直徑。
在其他具體實施例中,醫藥調配物另包含一或多種其他物質如醫藥相容載劑,黏合劑,填充劑,懸浮劑,調味劑,甜化劑,崩解劑,表面活性劑,防腐劑,潤滑劑,著色劑,稀釋劑,溶解劑,濕化劑,安定劑,潤濕劑,抗附著劑,壁細胞活化劑,防泡沫劑,抗氧化劑,螯合劑,抗真菌劑,抗細菌劑,或其一或多種合併物。
壁細胞活化劑係以足以產生所欲刺激作用而對於病人不引起不欲副作用之量施用。在一個具體實施例中,壁細胞活化劑係以每20毫克劑量之質子泵抑制劑約5毫克至約2.5克之量施用。
在其他具體實施例中,醫藥調配物之一或多層塑化。舉例而言,一種增塑劑一般為高沸點固體或液體。可加入適合增塑劑為塗層組合物之約0.01%至約50%重量(重量/重量)。增塑劑包括例如酞酸二乙酯,檸檬酸酯,聚乙二醇,甘油,乙醯基化甘油酯,甘油三醋酸酯(triacetin),聚丙二醇,聚乙二醇,檸檬酸三乙酯,癸二酸二丁酯,硬脂酸,硬脂醇,硬脂酸酯,及蓖麻油。
固體組合物,例如錠,口嚼錠,起泡錠,及膠囊,係由混合微包膠之質子泵抑制劑與一或多種制酸劑及醫藥賦形劑形成一種主體(bulk)摻合組合物而製備。當這些主體摻合組合物為均質時,其意為微包膠之質子泵抑制劑及制酸劑均勻分散於組合物中,因此組合物可輕易次分成同樣有效之單位劑形,如錠,藥丸,及膠囊。各單位劑形亦可包含薄膜塗層,其在口服或與稀釋劑接觸時崩解。
壓縮錠為由上述主體摻合組合物壓縮而製備之固體劑形。在各具體實施例中,本發明之壓縮錠包含一或多種調味劑。在其他具體實施例中,壓縮錠包含一薄膜包圍最終壓縮錠。在其他具體實施例中,壓縮錠包含一或多種賦形劑及/或調味劑。
膠囊可由例如上述主體摻合組合物放入膠囊中而製備。
口嚼錠可由上述主體摻合組合物壓緊而製備。在一個具體實施例中,口嚼錠包含一種可用於增進醫藥調配物擱置期之物質。在另一具體實施例中,微包膠之物質具有味道
遮蔽性質。在其他具體實施例中,口嚼錠包含一或多種調味劑及一或多種味道遮蔽物質。在其他具體實施例中,口嚼錠包含一種可用於增進醫藥調配物擱置期之物質及一或多種調味劑。
在各具體實施例中,微包膠之質子泵抑制劑,制酸劑,及選擇性一或多種賦形劑乾燥摻合,並壓成一團塊,如錠,具有硬度足以提供一種醫藥組合物在口服施用後少於約30分鐘,少於約35分鐘,少於約40分鐘,少於約45分鐘,少於約50分鐘,少於約55分鐘,或少於約60分鐘內實質上崩解,因此釋放制酸劑及質子泵抑制劑於胃腸道液體中。當至少50%醫藥組合物崩解時,壓縮之團塊實質上崩解。
一種用於懸浮液之粉末可由微包膠之質子泵抑制劑及一或多種制酸劑合併而製備。在各具體實施例中,粉末可包含一或多種醫藥賦形劑。在一些具體實施例中,質子泵抑制劑微粒化。本發明之其他具體實施例亦包含一種懸浮劑及/或潤濕劑。
起泡粉末亦根據本發明而製備。使用起泡鹽分散藥物於水中以口服施用。起泡鹽為含有一種藥劑於一種通常包含碳酸氫鈉,檸檬酸,及/或酒石酸之乾燥混合物中之顆粒或粗糙粉末。當本發明之鹽加入水中時,酸及鹼反應釋放二氧化碳氣體,因此引起「起泡」。起泡鹽之實例包括下列成份:碳酸氫鈉,或碳酸氫鈉及碳酸鈉,檸檬酸,及/或酒石酸之混合物。可使用任何造成二氧化碳釋放之酸-鹼合併物
以替代碳酸氫鈉及檸檬酸及酒石酸之合併物,祇要該成份適合醫藥使用及造成pH約6或以上。
本發明之起泡顆粒之製備方法使用三種基本方法:濕顆粒化,乾顆粒化,及融合。融合法係用於製備大部份商業上起泡粉末。應注意,雖然可使用這些方法製備顆粒,但是本發明之起泡鹽調配物亦可根據製備錠之已知技術製備呈錠。
濕顆粒化為顆粒製備之一個最古老之方法。製備錠之濕顆粒化方法中之各步驟包括研磨及篩各成份,乾燥粉末混合,濕塊化,顆粒化,及最終研磨。在各具體實施例中,微包膠之歐帕唑(omeprazole)加入醫藥調配物之其他賦形劑中,在彼等已濕顆粒化後。
乾顆粒化涉及粉末混合物在重型旋轉壓錠機上壓縮成粗錠或「條塊(slug)」。然後條塊由研磨操作,一般由通過一個振盪顆粒機,破碎成顆粒。各步驟包括混合粉末,壓縮(衝擊),及研磨(條塊減小或顆粒化)。無濕黏合劑或水份涉入任何步驟。在一些具體實施例中,微包膠之歐帕唑與醫藥調配物中其他賦形劑乾燥顆粒化。在其他具體實施例中,微包膠之歐帕唑加入醫藥調配物之其他賦形劑中,在彼等已乾燥顆粒化後。
適合頰(舌下)施用之醫藥組合物包括例如含片(lozenges),於一種調味基劑如蔗糖,金合歡膠,黃耆中,及錠(pastilles),包含微包膠之質子泵抑制劑於一種惰性基
劑如明膠,甘油,蔗糖,及金合歡膠中。
許多其他種類之釋放輸送系統為熟習技藝人士可得及已知。該輸送系統之實例包括例如基於聚合物之系統,如聚乳酸及聚羥乙酸,聚酐及聚己內酯;基於非聚合物之系統,其為脂質,包括固醇,如膽固醇,膽固醇酯,及脂肪酸,或中性脂肪,如一,二,及三酸甘油酯;水凝膠釋放系統;矽橡膠(silastic)系統;基於肽之系統;蠟塗層;壓縮錠,使用習知黏合劑及賦形劑部份融合植入物等。參見例如Liberman et al.,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,2Ed.,Vol.1,pp.209-214(1990)。
在一些具體實施例中,醫藥調配物包含:(a)微包膠之質子泵抑制劑;及(b)至少一種制酸劑;其中醫藥組合物係由下列方法製造:(a)一些或所有質子泵抑制劑微包膠;及(b)微包膠之物質與一些或所有之至少一種制酸劑乾燥摻合。在其他具體實施例中,醫藥組合物包含:(a)微包膠之質子泵抑制劑;及(b)至少一種制酸劑;其中微包膠之質子泵抑制劑係由下列方法製造:(a)質子泵抑制劑與一種微包膠物噴灑乾燥。在其他具體實施例中,醫藥組合物包含:(a)微包膠之質子泵抑制劑;及(b)至少一種制酸劑;其中醫藥組合物係由下列方法製造:(a)一些或所有質子泵抑制劑微包膠;及(b)微包膠之物質與一些或所有之至少一種制酸劑摻合。
罹患一種以H+
/K+
-ATP酶抑制劑治療之疾病,症狀,或病
症之個體之最初治療可以上述劑量開始。該治療一般需要繼續幾小時,幾天,或幾星期至幾月或幾年,直到該疾病,症狀,或病症經控制或消除為止。以本文中所揭示之組合物進行治療之個體一般可以此技藝中眾所周知之任何方法偵測以測定治療功效。該數據之繼續分析可以修釋治療期間之治療方式,因此本發明化合物之最適有效量可在任何時間施用,且因此亦可決定治療期間。以此方式,治療方式/施用時間表可在治療期間合理地修釋,因此可施用顯示令人滿意功效之最低量之H+
/K+
-ATP酶之抑制劑,並繼續施用,祇要需要成功地治療疾病,症狀,或病症。
在一個具體實施例中,醫藥調配物可用於治療一種顯示以質子泵抑制劑治療之症狀,疾病,或病症。在其他具體實施例中,治療方法包含口服施用一或多種本發明組合物於需要之個體,以可有效治療症狀,疾病,或病症之量。在另一具體實施例中,疾病,症狀,或病症為胃腸道疾病。防止,減輕,或改善疾病,症狀,或病症之施用方式可根據各種因素修釋。這些因素包括個體之種類,年齡,重量,性別,飲食,及醫學情況,及病症或疾病之嚴重性。因此,實際上使用之施用方式可廣泛變化,可脫離本文中所述之施用方式。
在一些具體實施例中,醫藥調配物係在餐後施用。在其他具體實施例中,醫藥調配物係以口嚼錠之形式在餐後施用。
本發明亦包括治療,預防,逆轉,停止,或減緩一種胃
腸道疾病之進行,一旦其變成臨床事件,或治療與胃腸道疾病關聯或有關之徵候群之方法,由對於該個體施用一種本發明之組合物。該個體可能在施用之時已具有胃腸道疾病,或有發展胃腸道疾病之危險。一個體之胃腸道疾病之徵候群或症狀可由熟習技藝人士決定,述於標準教科書中。該方法包含胃腸道疾病有效量之一或多種本發明組合物口服施用於需要之個體。
胃腸道疾病包括例如十二指腸潰瘍疾病,胃腸道潰瘍疾病,胃食道回流疾病,糜爛食道炎,不良反應性徵候胃食道回流疾病,病理學上胃腸道過度分泌疾病,卓林格(Zollinger)艾利生(Ellison)徵候群,及酸消化不良。在本發明之一個具體實施例中,胃腸道疾病為胃灼熱。
除可用於治療人類外,本發明亦可用於其他個體,包括獸醫動物,蛇,鳥,外來動物,及農場動物,包括哺乳類,齒類等。哺乳類包括靈長類,例如猴,或狐猴,馬,狗,豬,或貓。齧齒類包括大鼠,小鼠,松鼠,或天竺鼠。
在本發明之各具體實施例中,設計組合物以釋放質子泵抑制劑於輸送位置(典型為胃),同時實質上防止或抑制質子泵抑制劑之酸降解。
本發明醫藥組合物亦可與另一種顯示可用於治療或預防一種胃腸道疾病之藥劑,例如一種抗細菌劑,海藻酸鹽,前動力劑,H2拮抗劑,制酸劑,或胃潰寧(sucralfate),一般施用以使此疾病有關之疼痛及/或併發症減至最少,合併使用(「合併治療」)。
本發明之合併治療包括施用一種本發明醫藥調配物連合另一種顯示用於治療或預防個體一種胃腸道疾病之醫藥活性劑作為特定治療方式之一部份以提供這些治療劑共同作用以治療一種胃腸道疾病之有利效果。合併之有利效果包括,但不限於,由治療劑合併所產生之藥物動力或藥物動態之共同作用。這些治療劑之合併施用典型係在一定期間(一般實質上同時,幾分鐘,幾小時,幾天,幾星期,幾月,或幾年,依所選擇之合併而定)內進行。
本發明之合併治療亦包括這些治療劑以依序方式施用,亦即各治療劑係在不同時間施用,及這些治療劑或這些治療劑中至少二種以實質上同時方式施用。實質上同時施用可由例如施用於一個體具有固定比例之各治療劑之一片錠或一粒膠囊或各治療劑之多個,單一膠囊或錠而達成。各治療劑之依序或實質上同時施用可以任何適當途徑進行。
本發明之組合物可經口或經鼻胃腸道施用,而合併之其他治療劑可以任何對於特定劑適合之途徑施用,包括,但不限於,經口途徑,經皮途徑,經靜脈內途徑,經肌肉內途徑,或經由黏膜組織直接吸收。例如本發明之組合物係經口或鼻胃腸道施用,合併之治療劑可經口或經皮施用。治療劑施用之次序並不重要。合併治療亦可包括上述治療劑另與其他生物學上活性成份,例如,但不限於,一種疼痛緩解劑,如一種類固醇或非類固醇抗發炎藥,或一種增進胃運動性之劑,及例如與非藥物治療,例如,但不限於,外科手術,合併施用。
組成合併治療之治療化合物可為一種合併劑形或各別劑形於實質上同時施用。組成合併治療之治療化合物亦可依序施用,各治療化合物係以一種要求二步驟施用之方式施用。因此,一種方式可能要求依序施用治療化合物,間隔分離施用各別活性劑。多個施用步驟間之期間範圍可由例如幾分鐘至幾小時至幾天,依各治療化合物之性質,如治療化合物之效力,溶解度,生物可利用性,血漿半衰期,及動力輪廓而定,及依攝食之影響及個體之年齡及症狀而定。目標分子濃度之24小時變異亦可決定最適施用間隔。
本發明之合併治療之治療化合物,不論同時,實質上同時,或依序施用,可能涉及一種要求經口途徑施用一種治療化合物及例如經口途徑,經皮途徑,經靜脈內途徑,經肌肉內途徑,或經由黏膜組織直接吸收另一種治療化合物之方式。不論合併治療之治療化合物係經口,經噴灑吸入,經直腸,經局部,經頰,經舌下,或非經腸(例如經皮下,經肌肉內,經靜脈內,及經皮內注射,或輸注技術)分別或一起施用,各治療化合物含於一種醫藥可接受賦形劑,稀釋劑,或其他調配成份之適合醫藥調配物中。
在一個具體實施例中,本發明之醫藥調配物係與低強度具腸溶塗層之阿斯匹靈(Aspirin)施用。在另一具體實施例中,第二種活性藥劑,如阿斯匹靈或NSAID,與本發明之醫藥調配物合併使用,具腸溶塗層。在其他具體實施例中,本發明之醫藥調配物中存在之制酸劑增加胃腸道液體之pH值,因此使得第二種活性藥劑上之部份或所有腸溶塗層溶
於胃中。
為簡潔之故,本文中所引據之所有專利及其他參考資料全部併入供參考。
本發明進一步以下列實例例示,其不應視為限制本發明。產生所示數據之實驗程序詳細討論於下。對於本文中之所有調配物,多劑可以此技藝中所知成比例複合。塗層,各層,及包膠係以習知方式使用慣用於這些目的之裝置施加。
本發明已經以例示方式說明,應明瞭所用術語之本質為說明並非限制。
使用旋轉盤微粒化之微包膠方法
所用旋轉盤方法之基本操作如下:一種包膠溶液係由包膠物質溶於適當溶劑中而製備。歐帕唑(omeprazole)分散於塗層溶液中,加入旋轉盤之中心。一薄膜越過該盤之表面產生,當塗層物質離開盤之周圍時,微粒化發生。微小球係由使用加熱空氣流於微粒化室中移除溶劑而形成,並使用旋風分離器收集,呈自由流動之粉末。
噴乾微包膠方法
亦可使用一種與旋轉盤相同組成之噴灑乾燥器,但以一個高壓噴嘴或二流噴嘴替代一個旋轉盤微粒化。
若需要,亦可使用一個連接流動床乾燥器以篩選乾燥粒子及/或黏聚物大小之噴灑乾燥器。超細微粒子由旋風器
再循環回至噴灑乾燥器入口可黏聚以形成所欲粒子大小分布。
微包膠歐帕唑之溶解輪廓係以一種相似於下列實例10中所示HPLC法之方法測定。微小球之大小係使用一種相似於實例11所示之顯微鏡光學方法測定。
下表摘示11種不同歐帕唑微小球之重量%,所用進料速率,及入口/出口溫度。
錠係使用下列物質製造:包膠之歐帕唑(基於有效負載(payload)變化,輸送40毫克效力),碳酸氫鈉(1260毫克),碳酸鈣(790毫克),交聯羧甲基纖維素(croscarmel-lose)鈉(64毫克),Klucel(160毫克),Xylitab 100(380毫克),微晶纖維素(128毫克),蔗糖素(sucralose)(162毫克),薄荷多勒龍(durarome)(34毫克),桃子味(100毫克),遮蔽粉(60毫
克),FD&C Lake紅色40(3毫克),及硬脂酸鎂(32毫克)。
各錠批料中所用包膠歐帕唑之量基於各組微膠囊之實際有效負載而變化以達成理論劑量40毫克。歐帕唑以實例1中所述之相似方式微包膠。所有成份充分混合以達成均質摻合物。
含有歐帕唑微小球之錠係使用高速旋轉壓錠機(TBCB Pharmaceutical Equipment Group,Model ZPY15)製備。製備每錠直徑約10毫米及平均重量約600毫克之圓凸錠。
用於製造各錠之調配物實例及所用摻合方法示於下:
各錠係使用下列物質製造:包膠之歐帕唑(基於有效負載變化,輸送40毫克效力),碳酸氫鈉(600毫克),MS-95(5%澱粉)(737毫克),交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉(33毫克),Klucel(90毫克),Xylitab 100(200毫克),蔗糖素(80毫克),薄荷多勒龍(durarome)(10毫克),桃子味(52毫克),遮蔽粉(27毫克),Lake FD & C紅色#40(2毫克),及硬脂酸鎂(17毫克)。
膠囊產物係使用下列物質製造:包膠之歐帕唑(基於有效負載變化,輸送40毫克效力),碳酸氫鈉(200毫克),氫氧化鎂(600毫克),交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉(50毫克),Klucel(50毫克),及硬脂酸鎂(5毫克)。
各膠囊批料中所用包膠歐帕唑之量基於各組微膠囊之實際有效負載而變化以達成理論劑量40毫克。歐帕唑以實例1中所述之相似方式微包膠。所有成份充分混合以達成均質主體(bulk)摻合物,然後裝入一個硬明膠膠囊如Capsugel之
一個大小00之明膠膠囊中。
用於安定性研究之各錠係使用下列物質製造:包膠之歐帕唑(基於有效負載變化,參見下列),碳酸氫鈉(1260毫克),碳酸鈣(790毫克),交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉(64毫克),Klucel(160毫克),Xylitab 100(380毫克),微晶纖維素(128毫克),蔗糖素(162毫克),薄荷多勒龍(durarome)(34毫克),桃子多勒龍(durarome)(100毫克),遮蔽粉(60毫克),FD&C Lake紅色40(3毫克),及硬脂酸鎂(32毫克)。
下表顯示各微包膠之有效負載,歐帕唑之量,及所用之殼物質。
使用下列程序測定各錠中歐帕唑之效力。正確稱量各錠,放入100毫升量瓶中。在其中加入1.0毫升奈米純(Nanopure)水以將錠潤濕及軟化。溶液靜置30分鐘。在靜置後,樣品以渦動及聲波處理30分鐘,或直到完全溶解為止。然後1.0毫升氯仿加入,樣品再以渦動及聲波處理15分鐘。然後溶液以甲醇至所欲體積,再渦動以混合溶液。然後10毫升傾析至一個裝有0.45微米濾器之10cc注射筒中。物質推動通過濾器,最先幾毫升丟棄。然後收集剩餘混合物用於HPLC注射。5點校正曲線係於15至300微克/毫升範圍之甲醇中製備。使用下列層析條件:移動相:75.5%Na2
PO4
,pH=8.0,24.5%乙腈;流速:1.0毫升/分鐘;注射體積:20微升;偵測器:UV,280 nm;管柱:Waters Symmetry Shield RP8。
在2小時後顯示大於80%歐帕唑釋放之溶解結果之微小球進行安定性研究。微小球在25℃貯存於打開之小瓶中。
所有樣品顯示在高溫於4個星期後降解。貯存於25℃之打開小瓶在6-8個星期後使用歐帕唑EP法分析效力及不純物。安定性結果摘示於下表。
用於各微小球之歐帕唑分析之HPLC樣品係如下製備:正確稱量5毫克微小球放入一支螺旋蓋之培養管中。在其中加入200微升氯仿。將微小球溶解,以聲波處理及渦動約1分鐘。然後10毫升甲醇加入,樣品再渦動1分鐘。一旦完成,取出一份樣品用於HPLC分析。
5點校正曲線係於20至500微克/毫升範圍之甲醇中製備以計算有效負載。層析條件為:移動相:75.5% Na2
PO4
,pH 8.0,24.5%乙腈;流速:1.0毫升/分鐘;操作時間:15分鐘;注射體積:20微升;偵測器:UV,280 nm;管柱:Waters Symmetry Shield RP8。
用於各微小球之歐帕唑分析之HPLC樣品係以下列方式
製備:稱量5毫克歐帕唑微小球放入一支螺旋蓋之培養管中。在其中加入200微升氯仿。將微小球溶解,以聲波處理及渦動約1分鐘。然後10毫升甲醇加入,樣品再渦動1分鐘。一旦完成,取出一份用於HPLC分析。
用於標準,製備100微克/毫升濃度之歐帕唑於甲醇中作為一個標記。然後製備0.1微克/毫升濃度之歐帕唑以設定一半最小偵測限度。然後,製備1微克/毫升濃度之歐帕唑不純物D於甲醇中。層析條件為:移動相:75% Na2
PO4
,pH 7.6,25%乙腈;流速:1.0毫升/分鐘;操作時間:30分鐘;注射體積:20微升;偵測器:U.V.,280 nm;管柱:Waters Symmetry Shield RP8。
使用歐帕唑效力方法於溶解試驗。用於各微小球之歐帕唑分析之HPLC樣品係根據下列方式製備:正確稱量5毫克微小球放入一個8盎司琥珀瓶中。在其中加入100毫升pH 7.4一元磷酸鹽緩衝液。樣品放入一個37℃水浴中,劇烈搖動至釋放研究結束。使用一支Eppendorf吸量管取出100微升,管尖端之外部以100微升緩衝液沖洗回至樣品瓶中。然後使用一支裝有45微米濾器之1 cc注射筒將樣品移入一個限制插入物中用於HPLC分析。然後在30,45,及120分鐘取樣。
6點校正曲線係於1至120微克/毫升範圍之稀釋劑(70%磷酸鈉pH 10.0/30%乙腈)中製備以測定樣品釋放速率。層析條件為:移動相:75.5% Na2
PO4
,pH 8.0,24.5%乙腈;流速:
1.0毫升/分鐘;操作時間:15分鐘;注射體積:20微升;偵測器:U.V.,280 nm;管柱:Waters Symmetry Shield RP8。
歐帕唑微小球係使用一個裝有Olympus DP10數位相機之Olympus BX60光學顯微鏡觀察以測定其粒子大小及形態特徵。微小球係以100X或200X放大倍率觀察。
以噴乾製備之微小球之大小範圍為5至30微米。以旋轉盤-溶劑方法製備之微小球之大小範圍為25至100微米。以旋轉盤-熱熔解方法製備之微小球之大小範圍為30至125微米。參見圖2。
熱重量分析係以純歐帕唑(二批得自Uquifa and USP Standard)及歐帕唑微小球使用一個裝有熱溶液儀器軟體及Universal分析數據軟體之TA儀器Model 2950進行。純歐帕唑樣品達到150℃顯示極少重量喪失,而在該溫度急遽重量喪失開始。此重量喪失發生於歐帕唑之熔點,其在150-160℃之範圍內。
對於歐帕唑微小球,記錄達140℃之重量喪失百分比以測定揮發物之存在量。大部份樣品在達到140℃顯示重量喪失少於1%,除含有碳酸氫鈉之樣品外,其具有較大重量喪失,由7-32%。使用下列TGA操作條件:氮氣壓;在25℃等溫5分鐘;升高10℃/分鐘至250℃;鉑樣品盤。
由上述教導,本發明可有許多修釋,相等物,及變異。因此,應明瞭,本發明可實施下列申請專利範圍內而未特
定說明者。
圖1為比較Prilosec之歐帕唑(omeprazole),裸歐帕唑及制酸劑之錠(31 mEq),以Klucel微包膠之歐帕唑及制酸劑之錠(31 mEq),及以Methocel微包膠之歐帕唑及制酸劑之錠(31 mEq)於人體之藥物動力釋放輪廓之圖形。
圖2A及2B為以Klucel微包膠之歐帕唑之SEM圖。
(無元件符號說明)
Claims (52)
- 一種具有增進儲存期之醫藥調配物,其包含:(a)至少一種酸不安定之質子泵抑制劑,其以一種可增進醫藥調配物儲存期之物質微包膠,該物質包含至少一種纖維素醚;及(b)至少一種選自碳酸氫鈉,碳酸鈉,碳酸氫鉀,氫氧化鎂,及其混合物之制酸劑;其中在該醫藥調配物施用於個體後約30分鐘內質子泵抑制劑之最初血清濃度大於約0.1微克/毫升。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中該質子泵抑制劑為一種經取代之雙環芳基-咪唑,選自歐帕唑(omeprazole),羥基歐帕唑,衣索米帕唑(esomeprazole),天納妥帕唑(tenatoprazole),蘭索帕唑(lansoprazole),潘妥帕唑(pantoprazole),雷貝帕唑(rabeprazole),東妥帕唑(dontoprazole),哈貝帕唑(habeprazole),比利帕唑(perprazole),瑞索帕唑(ransoprazole),巴利帕唑(pariprazole),雷明帕唑(leminoprazole),或其自由鹼,自由酸,鹽,水合物,對映體,異構物,互變體,或多晶形物。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中質子泵抑制劑係選自歐帕唑或其自由鹼,自由酸,鹽,水合物,或多晶形物。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,包含約5毫克至約200毫克之質子泵抑制劑。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,包含約10毫克,或約15毫克, 或約20毫克,或約30毫克,或約40毫克,或約60毫克之質子泵抑制劑。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中制酸劑包含至少一種可溶性緩衝劑。
- 如請求項6之醫藥調配物,其中可溶性緩衝劑係以約5mEq至約40mEq存在。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,包含約500至約2000毫克制酸劑。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中可增進醫藥調配物儲存期之物質為一種纖維素羥基丙基醚。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中可增進醫藥調配物儲存期之物質為甲基纖維素及纖維素羥基丙基醚甲基纖維素聚合物之混合物。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中在室溫貯存一個月後微包膠之質子泵抑制劑係少於1%降解。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中在室溫貯存1年後醫藥調配物具有少於5%之總新不純物。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其另包含一或多種賦形劑選自壁細胞活化劑,有機溶劑,糜爛促進劑,調味劑,甜化劑,擴散促進劑,抗氧化劑,及載劑物質所組成之群組。
- 如請求項13之醫藥調配物,其中調味劑係包含桃子,薄荷醇,阿斯巴甜(aspartame),蔗糖素(sucralose),木糖醇,薄荷,蔗糖,或其混合物。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其係呈膠囊,口嚼錠,錠,或粉末形式。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度在該醫藥調配物施用於個體後約1小時內係大於約0.5微克/毫升。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中最大血清濃度係在該醫藥調配物施用於個體後約1小時內達到。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中微包膠之質子泵抑制劑之平均粒子大小為直徑約20至約500微米之間。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中微包膠之質子泵抑制劑之平均粒子大小為直徑約50至約150微米之間。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中微包膠之質子泵抑制劑之平均粒子大小為直徑小於約150微米。
- 一種如請求項1之醫藥調配物在製備用以治療酸有關胃腸道疾病之藥劑之用途。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中該質子泵抑制劑係選自蘭索帕唑或其自由鹼,自由酸,鹽,水合物,或多晶形物。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中該質子泵抑制劑係選自衣索米帕唑或其自由鹼,自由酸,鹽,水合物,或多晶形物。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度在該醫藥調配物施用於個體後約45分鐘內係大於約0.3微克/毫升。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度在該醫藥調配物施用於個體後約30分鐘內係大於約0.45微克/毫升。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度在該醫藥調配物施用於個體後約15分鐘內係大於約0.1微克/毫升。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度在該醫藥調配物施用於個體後,在約15分鐘內質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度達到至少約0.15微克/毫升,且在至少約15至60分鐘內質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度維持在至少約0.15微克/毫升。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中在暴露於胃腸道液體後約1小時內,大於約50%的質子泵抑制劑由該調配物釋放。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中在暴露於胃腸道液體後約1.5小時內,大於約70%的質子泵抑制劑由該調配物釋放。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中最大血清濃度係在該醫藥調配物施用於絕食個體後約45分鐘內達到。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中可增進該醫藥調配物擱置期之物質係包含緩衝劑。
- 如請求項31之醫藥調配物,其中該緩衝劑為碳酸氫鈉。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中該制酸劑係以每毫克質子泵抑制劑中約0.5mEq至約3mEq的量存在。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中該制酸劑係以約5mEq至約60mEq的量存在。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中可增進該醫藥調配物擱置期之物質可於少於約30分鐘內充分溶解於水中。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中可增進該醫藥調配物擱置期之物質可於約1小時內充分崩解,將質子泵抑制劑釋放於胃腸道液體中。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中於該微小球中質子泵抑制劑之藥物負載係大於約20wt-%之質子泵抑制劑對於微包膠之質子泵抑制劑。
- 如請求項1之醫藥調配物,其中於該微小球中質子泵抑制劑之藥物負載係介於約10wt-%至約60wt-%之質子泵抑制劑對於微包膠之質子泵抑制劑。
- 一種口嚼錠,其包含:(a)介於約10至60毫克之質子泵抑制劑,其係由一種可增進該口嚼錠擱置期之物質微包膠,該物質包含至少一種纖維素醚;(b)制酸劑介於約10mEq至100mEq,其選自碳酸氫鈉,碳酸鈉,碳酸氫鉀,氫氧化鎂,及其混合物;及(c)至少一種調味劑;其中當口嚼錠施用於絕食個體時,質子泵抑制劑之最大血清濃度在施用後約45分鐘內達到。
- 如請求項39之口嚼錠,其中可增進該口嚼錠擱置期之物質為纖維素羥基丙基醚。
- 如請求項40之口嚼錠,其中可增進該口嚼錠擱置期之物質係進一步包含緩衝劑。
- 如請求項39之口嚼錠,其中該口嚼錠在貯存於室溫下一年後係含有少於5%之總新不純物。
- 如請求項39之口嚼錠,其中該調味劑包含桃子,薄荷醇,阿斯巴甜,蔗糖素,蔗糖,木糖醇,薄荷,或其混合物。
- 如請求項39之口嚼錠,其中質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度在該醫藥調配物施用於個體後約1小時內係大於約0.5微克/毫升。
- 如請求項39之口嚼錠,其中質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度在該醫藥調配物施用於個體後約30分鐘內係大於約0.45微克/毫升。
- 如請求項39之口嚼錠,其中質子泵抑制劑之血清濃度在該醫藥調配物施用於個體後約15分鐘內係大於約0.1微克/毫升。
- 如請求項39之口嚼錠,其中在暴露於胃腸道液體後約1.5小時內,大於約70%的質子泵抑制劑由該錠釋放。
- 如請求項39之口嚼錠,其中該制酸劑係以每毫克質子泵抑制劑中約0.5mEq至約3mEq的量存在。
- 如請求項39之口嚼錠,其中該微包膠物質可於少於約30分鐘內充分溶解於水中。
- 如請求項39之口嚼錠,其中於該微小球中質子泵抑制劑之藥物負載係大於約20wt-%之質子泵抑制劑對於微包 膠之質子泵抑制劑。
- 如請求項39之口嚼錠,其中於該微小球中質子泵抑制劑之藥物負載係介於約10wt-%至約60wt-%之質子泵抑制劑對於微包膠之質子泵抑制劑。
- 如請求項13之醫藥調配物,其中該載劑物質係選自黏合劑,懸浮劑,崩解劑,填充劑,表面活性劑,溶解劑,安定劑,潤滑劑,潤濕劑,稀釋劑,抗附著劑,及防泡沫劑。
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| EP (1) | EP1648416A4 (zh) |
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2004
- 2004-07-16 MX MXPA06000529A patent/MXPA06000529A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-07-16 US US10/893,203 patent/US20050037070A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-16 JP JP2006521143A patent/JP2006528181A/ja active Pending
- 2004-07-16 WO PCT/US2004/022914 patent/WO2005007115A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-07-16 AR ARP040102532A patent/AR045062A1/es unknown
- 2004-07-16 TW TW093121351A patent/TWI398273B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-07-16 CA CA2531564A patent/CA2531564C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-16 EP EP04778425A patent/EP1648416A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2531564C (en) | 2016-01-19 |
| JP2006528181A (ja) | 2006-12-14 |
| AR045062A1 (es) | 2005-10-12 |
| CA2531564A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
| EP1648416A2 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
| US20050037070A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
| EP1648416A4 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
| TW200524640A (en) | 2005-08-01 |
| WO2005007115A2 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
| MXPA06000529A (es) | 2006-08-11 |
| WO2005007115A3 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
| AU2004257779A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
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| MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |