TWI364399B - Three-dimensional microstructures and methods of formation thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional microstructures and methods of formation thereof Download PDFInfo
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- TWI364399B TWI364399B TW096150717A TW96150717A TWI364399B TW I364399 B TWI364399 B TW I364399B TW 096150717 A TW096150717 A TW 096150717A TW 96150717 A TW96150717 A TW 96150717A TW I364399 B TWI364399 B TW I364399B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description
1364399 九、發明說明: 與政府的關係 本發明依由DARPA所授予的協定第W911 QX_04_e_⑼97 受到政府贊助而完成。政府具有本發明一定程度的權利。 本發明依35U.S.C· §119(e)主張於2006年12月3〇日 申请’案號為60/878,278的美國臨時申請案的優先權 將這篇的全部内容整合於本文以作為參考。 【發明所屬之技術領域】 大體來說,本發明關於微製程技術以及三維微結構的 形成。本發明對於傳輸電磁能的微結構具有特別的應用 性,例如同軸傳輸元件微結構,以及對於藉由連續建造製 程形成這樣的微結構的方法具有特別的應用性。 衣 【先前技術】 藉由連續建造製程所形成的微結構已揭露於,例如 Sherrer等人之美國專利號第7,〇12,489號中。參考第2 該’489號專利揭露一種藉由連續建造製程所形成的同軸傳 輸線微結構2,該微結構係形成於基板η,且 部導體6、中心導體8以及一個或是多個用以支撐中心導卜 體的的介電質支撐件1G。該外部導體包含形成下部壁的導 電基層12、形成侧壁的導電層14,16及18以及形成上辟 的導電層20。介於該内部盥 巾成上土 或空的,_ _結構積22為空氣 材料而形成。 料除先㈣充這㈣積的犧牲 例如該,489號專利的微 當製造不同材料的微結構時 94196 5 1364399 導體以及用以支掉該令心導體的介 線,該介電質支撐件為筮他 筹件的同軸傳輪 導體為第二微結構元件。 W及/或外部 根據本發明的第二種態樣,係提供 製程形成三维微結構的 猎由連,,建造 數声。_篝八八 〇 、涉及於基板上置放複 歡層該·#層包含介電質材料 材料詹。形成一種由兮八φ ^金屬材料層、以及犧牲 Μ種由該介電質材料所構 延伸穿過其中的孔洞 ,、有至^分 材料所構成之第-與!Λ 牛。形成一種由金屬 中,以固定該第一微結構元件 乂該孔,门 該犧牲材料以形成非固體體 ’、 ㈣楚…“ 積該弟一微結構元件與/ 或Μ弟一械^構件暴露於該非固體體積。 熟習本領域技術者在檢閱過下述說明 巧附的圖式後,本發明的其他特徵與優點將二寻明二 【實施方式】 < # 1 ^ 將描述的示範性製程涉及連續建造:士
構。術語「微結構」咅指蕻由外制4 一维微W 再」心4曰錯由被製程所形成的結構,典型 為晶圓級或是網格。於本發明的遠 θ ± ^ 的運續建造製程中,維結構 疋藉由連續加層與處理各式材料, ^ 寸亚以一種預定的方式所 例而言,當實施薄膜形成 '微影圖案化、㈣以 及諸如平坦化技術的其他視需要製程時,提供 維微結構的彈性方法。 η成各式一 連續建造製程通常藉由複數程序所完成,該等程序包 含下列的各式組合:⑷金屬、犧牲材料(例如光阻)以及介 94196 7 1364399 電質塗覆製程;(b)表面平坦化;(c)微影技術;以及 刻或其他的層移除製程。於沉積金屬肖,雖然也可使 如物理氣相沉積(PVD)和化學氣相沉積(cvd)的其他 金屬沉積技術,但電鍍是特別好用的。 本發明的示範性實施例透過電磁能的同轴傳輸線製造 的内谷於此揭露。此種結構例如於電信工業的雷達系統以 及於微波與毫朱波裝置得到應用。然而,應清楚所描述之 用以產生微結構之技術並非限於示範性結構或是應用,而 =是適用於許多微裝置的領域中,例如壓力感測器、翻 覆感測盗、質譜儀、過遽器、微流體裳置、外科儀哭、血 ,感測器氣體流感測器、助聽器感測器、影像穩;器、 间度感測裔以及自動對·隹咸、目丨哭士
LiL , 了禺感測盗本發明可作為一種機械 斜二將異質材料固定在一起的一般性方法使用,該異質材 形成新組成份。示範性的同軸傳輸線微 結構係適用於電磁能的散佈, MHz至10()GHz或是J佈^ ^一種頻率,例如從數 傳w : 匕3氅米波或是微波。所述的 )信號傳輸,以及例如用於提供偏屋給 二5或疋附加的半導體裝置的電流傳輸上得到進一步的 應用。 一種據本發明之藉由連續建造製程所形成的 兴拓Γ〇Γ 構202的示範性特徵。該微結構包含 基板204、外部導體挪、中心導體2 種的介電質支撐件21λ, ^ 禋次疋更夕 導體包含形成下部壁的導電該中心導體。該外部 町等電基層212、形成側壁的導電層 94196 8 U64399 214,2i6及218以及形成該外部導體的上壁的導電層u 可,要將導電基層212與導Μ 22()##料“ 或疋位於基板上的導電層的一部分。介於該中心導體盘外 導體間的體積222為非固體,例如為氣體,諸如空氣或 /、乳化、、空的或是液體。該介電質支禮件具有位於該 心導體及/或外部導體附近的一個或是更多個孔洞故。如 同所例示的,該孔洞延伸通過該介電f支撐件,從該件的 上表面至下表面’但也可以延伸部分穿過。將金屬材料嗖 置於該孔洞中’藉此固定該介電f支料至該中心 導體。 w 將藉由參考第3至15圖來描述形成第2圖中的同轴傳 構的示範性方法。如同第3圖所示,該傳輸線係 形成於基板2G4上,可以採用各式形式。該基板可能,例 如乂陶究、"電質、半導體,諸如石夕或石申化嫁、金屬,諸 如銅或鋼、聚合物或是其组合所構成。該基板可呈的形式, 例如為電子練,諸如㈣電路板、或半導體基板,諸如 石夕、石夕鍺或是_化鎵晶圓。可選擇該基板為具有相似於用 於形成該傳輸線㈣岐伸係數的膨脹錄’且應對其作 以維持傳輸線形成期間它的完整性。將於其上形成傳 輪線的基板表面係典型為平坦的。該基板表面可能,例如 經磨輾、研磨與/或抛光以達到高度的平坦性。該結構的該 7 ^平i_化可於該製程的期間形成任何該等層之前或是 /、《成通吊係使用傳統的平坦化技術例如化學機械 光(CMP)、研磨或适些方法的組合。可額外或是替代性 94196 9 1364399 使用其他已知平坦化技術例如機械整理加工(mechanical finishing),如機械切削(mechanical machining)、鑽石切削、 電聚姓刻、雷射剝離、及其類似技術。 ' 將犧牲光敏材料的第一層226a,例如光阻沈積於基板 204上,且為了該傳輸線外部導體的該底部壁的後續沉 積,將其曝光並顯影以形成圖案227。該圖案包含位於該 犧牲材料中的通道,其暴露該基板204的上表面。為達此 目的,可使用傳統的光微影步驟與材料。該犧牲光敏材料 鲁可為,例如負型光阻,例如蹲自Rohm and Hass Electronic Material LLC 的 Shipley BPRtm 100 或是 PHOTOPOSITtm SN;那些描述於办等人的美國專利第6,054,252號者; 或是乾膜,例如也是購自Rohm and Hass的LAMINARtm 乾膜。於這個或是其他步驟的這些犧牲光敏材料層的厚度 將取決於將製造的結構的尺寸,但典型是從10至200微米。 如同第4圖所示,導電基層212係形成於該基板204 •上,且其於最終結構中形成該外部導體的底部壁。基層可 能由具有南導電性的材料所形成,例如金屬或是金屬合金 (統稱為「金屬」)’例如銅、銀、錄、銘、絡、金、欽、 其合金、經參雜半導體材料或是其組合,例如此類材料的 複數層。可由傳統製程沉積該基層,例如,藉由例如電解 _ 電鍍或是無電電鍍或是浸鍍之電鍍法、諸如濺鍍或是蒸鍍 之物理氣相沈積(PVD),或是化學氣相沈積(CVD)。例如以 本領域所知的此種技術而言,電鍍的銅可能特別適合做為 該基層材料。該電鍍可為一種例如無電製程,其使用銅鹽 10 94196 1364399 .與還原劑。適當的材料為商業上可取得,且包含例如購自 Rohm and Hass Electronic Material LLC, Marlborough, MA 的CIRCUP0SIT™無電銅。取代地,該材料可藉由塗覆電‘ 導晶種層接著電解電鍍而鍍覆。該晶種層可於該犧牲材料 226a塗覆前藉由PVD而沉積在該基板上。適當的電解材 料為商業上可取得,且包含例如購自R〇hm and
Electronic Material 的 COPPER GLEAMtm 酸電鍍產品。於 應用活化後的催化劑後接著可進行無電以及/或是電解沉 積。可圖案化該基層(及後續層)為任意的幾何形狀电以= 過所略述的方法實現所欲裝置結構。 對基層(以及該外部導體後續形成的其他壁)的厚产做 選擇以提供機械穩定度給該微結構以及為該傳輸線中ς動 之電子提供足夠的導電度。因為表面厚度典型將少於 :::微波或是超過微波下,結構與熱傳導影響將變的明 … 此,該厚度將取決於例如該特定基層材料、用於傳 播的該獨特的頻率以及所預期的應用。例如,於最故社構 將從基板移除的情況下,為了結構整體性,、、,σ冓 基層將是有利的,例如從約2() 目對厚的 8〇Vm。當最終結構將與基板 . 至 利用相斟笼的其®甘時,則理想情況為 :用相對涛的基層,其可藉由所使 depth)需求來決定。 』衣面冰度(skm 用於形成侧壁的適當材料與技術盘 用的那些相同。雖然也可使用不同的材料 該基層所 用於形成該基層212的相同#_ 士 '、、,但典型地使用 门材科形成側壁。電鍍製程的例 94196 11 1364399 子中,當後續步驟中的金屬將只會直接施加到先前所 ΐ 域Ϊ:,如同此處則可省略應用晶種 清楚顯示於圖示中的示範性結構 ^地僅佔㈣裝置的—個小區域,而這些或是其他 的金屬化可於製程順序中的任何一層上開始, 下,典型使用晶種層。 、裡陳况 ^了提供後續製程之平坦表面外,可在這個以及/或是 段實施表面平面化以移除任何沉積於該犧牲材料上 的:二上:Γ斤欲金屬。比其他只透過塗覆可能得到 /透過表面平面化可更緊密的控制給定層的總厚度。舉 例來說’⑽製程可用來將該金屬與該犧牲材料平面化至 =同程度。這之後可接續,舉例來說,—種研磨程序,i 相同速度緩慢移除金屬、犧牲材料以及任何介電質,;; 允許對該層的最終厚度有更大控制。 、 參考第5 ®’將該犧牲光敏材料的第二層咖沉積在 =212與第一犧牲層22以上,且經曝光與顯影以為該傳 =外部導體的下部側壁部分的後續沉積形成圖案似。 =案228包含二個位於犧牲材料中的平行通道,其暴露 該基層的該上表面。 、 心如同第6圖所示,接著形成傳輪線外部導體的下部側 =分。形成這些側壁的適當材料與技術與上述那些 $該基層212的相同,然而也可使用不同的材料。至於 =製程’當後續步驟中的金屬將僅直接形成於先前所形 之暴露的金屬區域上時,可如同此處省略晶種層或是電 94196 12 鑛基底的應用 如: 可於此階段實施如上所述之表面平坦化。 同第7圖所不,接著沉積介電質材料的層210於該 了犧牲層226b與該下部側壁部分214上。於後續加工尹 2=係由將該介電質層圖案化而來,以支撐將要形成 撞^白^線的中心導體。由於這些支樓結構將位在該最終 傳輸線結構的核心區域,該支撐層應由—種將不會引起透 成“傳輪線傳輪之信號之過度喪失的材料所形成。該材料 Γ該^约提供用以支禮該中(、導體所必須的機械強度, 二/、應該相對地為不可溶於用以從最終傳輸線結構中移 犧牲層的料。婦❹型為介電質㈣,係選自光敏 ^苯環丁埽㈣oto_BCB)樹脂,例如以cyclotene(DOW Chemlcal Co.)的商標名販售的那些樹脂,· su_8 .阻劑 (MicroChem Corp.),無機材料,例如矽石與矽氧化物、 f各式破璃、氮化石夕(Si3N4)、氧化銘,例如寒土⑷2〇3卜 氮化紹(A1N)以及氧化鎮;有機材料,例如聚乙婦、㈣、 聚碳酸—酉旨 '醋酸纖維素、聚丙婦、聚氯乙婦、聚偏二氯乙 烯、聚本乙烯、聚醯胺以及聚醯亞胺;有機·無機混成材料, 例如有機倍㈣氧糾料;光可確定⑽。㈣成祕⑷介電 質’例如不會被將實施之犧牲材料移除製程所攻擊的負型 作用光阻或光環氧樹脂(photo epoxy)。於這些中,su 8 2:5光阻是典型的。使用易於以例如旋轉塗覆、滚筒塗 覆、到板塗覆(squeegee coating)、嘴霧塗覆、化學氣 積(CVD)或是層邮minaii〇n)而沉積的材料是有利的。二 積該支撐層2H)至其厚度提供該,心導體的必要支撐二 94196 13 1364399 會有破裂或毀損。另外,由 影響犧牲材料層的後續應用。:二:,該厚度不應嚴重 決於微姓構的i仙_ ~ 田Jl屯貝支撐層的厚度將取 1。。二:如 的尺寸與材料時,厚度典型從1至 微水例如,約20微米。 . 參考第8圖’接著使用桿準 ?ιη $準先微衫與蝕刻技術圖案化 "电貝柯科層2 1 〇,以接供—括 曰 21〇^ν Φ , '、種或疋夕個的介電質支撐件 晳* w丄, 丁等體。於所例示的裝置中,介電 貝支撐件由外部導體的第一側 另一容竑能掸ώ人 申至中心導體的對側。於 走於由、道· 1電貝支拉件可能由外部導體延伸並結 束於中心導體。於本例中,么 θ . ^ 各支撐件的—端係形成於一個 或疋其他下部侧壁部分214上, 上而對側端則延伸至介於那 二下部侧壁部分間之犧牲層I* / τ® 曰226b上的位置。那些支撐件 彳4〜1W,典型地以—固定距離彼此間隔。那些介電 、支撐件的排列數目、形狀以及圖案應足以提供對甲心導 體與其端點的支撐,料切止過度的錢喪失與擴散。 另外’右希望達到低傳播損失可選擇形狀與周期性或是非 週期性以防止在所欲低傳播損失的頻率的反射,可如同使 用本領域產生布雷格(Bragg)光栅與過濾器之已知方法般 計算。於後面的例子中,這種週期性結構的精心設計可提 供過遽功能。 於介電質支撐件210,的圖案化期間,於其中形成一種 或是一種以上的孔洞224。這些孔洞典型地延伸通過這些 介電質支撐件,如同所例示般,從其上表面至其下表面。 廷些孔洞適用目的為提供一個用以接收金屬材料的體積, 94196 14 1364399 其中該金屬黏附至並可視為中心導體和/或外部導體的部 分。因而相較於沒有孔洞的例子,通過填充金屬材料於孔 洞從而增加介電質支擔株I φ、、& / 士 •。 电貝文存仵與中心與/或外部導體間的接觸 區域。因此,可更有效地將介電質支樓件固定在有關於中 .心和/或外部導體的位置。於例示的具體例中,孔洞是顯示 _位在介電質支擇件中的中心與一端。也可使用其他配置。 例如,在支禮件的各端包含孔洞可能是有利的。 戶斤例示的該孔洞於幾何上為圓柱形。當然其他之幾何 形狀可以是,例如那些具有正方形、矩形、三角形盘" 的截面。孔洞的側壁可為垂直或是非垂直。範例孔洞結構 辞例不於第16Ai 16D圖。第16A圖顯示如第8圖所例 不的孔洞224,其具有垂直側壁级且幾何上為圓柱形。 有可能想要的孔洞是具有非垂直侧壁228,,例如,例示於 第16B至16D圖的凹入輪廣。相信這樣的結構提供完成後 微結構的元件間更增強的連結’這是因為它們機械上固定 #該金屬將被沉積於該孔的位置。其最小化或是防止填充該 孔洞的金屬的滑動。這種結構也可藉由使用多於一層的f 例如顯示於第16D圖的複數層21〇,、21〇”而產生。曰 《考第9圖’第三犧牲光敏層226。係塗覆於該基板 上,並經曝光與顯影以為後續填充孔洞224以及形成該傳 輪線外部導體與中心導體的中間側壁部份而形成圖案"2 3 〇 與232。為了中間側壁部份的圖案23〇係包含與二個下部 側,部分.214在相同長度擴張的二個通道。藉由圖案咖 暴露所述的下部侧壁部分214以及覆蓋於下部側壁部分上 94196 15 之二电貝支撐件210’之那一端。用於中心導體的圖案232 為平仃於亚介於二個中間側壁圖案間的通道,該通道暴 導體支稽件21G,的該對側端與支樓部分。為了這個目的, 可使用例如於上面所插述之傳統光微影技術與材料。 如同第10圖所示,孔洞224被填充,且中心導體2〇8 與外部導體的中間侧壁部分216係藉由沉積適當金屬材料 至所述的那些形成於該犧牲材料226c中的通道中而形 成。孔洞224可於相同的製程中填充,且使用用於形成^ 門侧土刀與中心導體的相同材料。可視需要地,使用相 同於或是不同於中心導體與中間側壁部分所使用的材料於 不同的製轾中填充這些孔洞。填充這些孔洞的金屬材料於 ^電質支撐件21G’與各巾^導體與外部導體間形成連接, 以將這些微結構元件互相附加,填充孔洞與形成中間側壁 部份與中心導體的適#材料與技術係相同於上述有關於其 層212與下部側壁部分214者,雖然也可施用不同材料和土/ 或技術。除了如同先前所論述般,且視需要地於任何階段 為後續處理提供平坦表面之外,可於此㈣視冑要實施表 面平面化以移除任何沉積於犧牲材料的上表面上的非所欲 如果使用電鑛加工來填充孔洞的話,可於孔洞的底面 與/或側面上形成作為基層與黏附層的一個或是多個的電 錢晶種層。晶種層可施用在製程的純時間上。舉例來說, 可於塗覆顯示於第7圖中之介電f支撐層21〇前施加晶種 曰於弟6圖的結構上。於孔洞圖案化後,晶種層將仍將保 94196 16 1364399 留於孔洞的底面上。另外或是取代地,可於 支撐件後於結構上形成電鍍晶種層 罝:叨'丨电貝 if a ^ a ^用具有凹形孔洞的 複數s日種層之示範性結構係例示於第17圖中。 層226與外部導體下部側壁部分214±,兮八牲材料 樓件210,下沉積第—晶種層234。、…1電質支 吁入+ #丄 ^ ,儿積弟二晶種層236於 該介電質支撐件的側表面、上表面 6於 )洞底面Μ及弟一晶種層的其他暴露區域 種裝置,於其中介電質支撐件21〇,被夹於第一與第二曰、 層間,第-與第二晶種層埋值於外部導體中 電質支撐件中的孔洞 ’、了允許" 曰錄爲h 屬電外^此種方式使用複數 有助㈣定介電#切件於錢於其他微結構元件 作4:=、地:於經塗覆表面上之保角並連續的層, 導一疋必須這樣。雖然不連續的晶種層可能. 中的金屬空隙,但只要有足夠量的 於孔洞申,則出現這樣的处 — 工隙並不會偏離金屬化孔洞的整 ' l疋之特定晶種層之材料將取決於,例如選來 填充孔洞的金屬材料。 k來 銀、銘m及其ti 例如金、 鎳以及鉻/金的疊層 ° "^些之中’典型為銘/ 度為自勵至或是多個晶種層的典型沉積厚 參考第11圖,第四拔& η 卜1 犧牲材料層226d係沉積於該基板 二影以為外部導體的上部側壁部分的後續沉 積形成圖案238。急了 如,, …了 。卩侧壁部分之圖案238係包含與. 94196 17 1364399 二個中間側壁部分216在同長度擴張且暴露出該二個中間 侧壁部分216的二個通道。為了這個目的,可使用例如於 上面所描述之傳統光微影技術與材料。 參考第12圖,接著藉由沉積適當材料至 牲層2遍中的通道令而形成外部導體的上部側壁 = 218。形成上部側壁的適當材料與技術與上述有關基層斑豆 他側壁部分的那些相同。典型地,形成該上部側壁218、的
適當材料與技術與上述那些有關該基層與其他側壁部分的 相同,然而也可使用不同的材料和/或技術。除了於任何階 段為後續處理提供平坦表面之外,可於此階段視需要地實 施如上所述之表面平面化,以移除任何沉積於犧牲材料的 上表面上的非所欲金屬。 參考第13圖,第五光敏犧牲層施係沉積於該基板 上,並曝光與顯影以為傳輸線外部導體的上壁(t〇p wW) 的後續沉積形成圖案240。為了上壁之圖案24〇暴露了多 鲁個上部側壁部分218與介於其間之第四犧牲材料層2遍。 於該犧牲層226e的圖案化時,所欲為於上部側壁間的範圍 中留下犧牲材料之一個或是更多區域⑷。避免後續形成 外部導體上壁期間於這些區域中沉積金屬。如下所述,這 使得於外部導體上壁中之開口將有助於從微結構中移除犧 牲材料.。犧牲材料的這些剩餘部分可以,例如呈圓柱形、 多面體,諸如四面體、或是其他形狀的柱狀物如。 如同第14圖所示,接著藉由沉積適#材料至位於上部 側壁部分218之上並介於上部側壁部I 218之間的暴露區 94196 18 1364399 1 而形成外部導體的上壁创。避免於由犧牲材料柱狀物 M2所估據的體積中發生金屬化。典型地,形成該上壁咖 的適當材料與技術與上述有關該基層與其他側壁部分的那 ,⑼也可使用不同的材料和/或技術。可於此階段 視而要地貫施如上所述之表面平坦化。 接著^傳輸線的基礎結構完成,可增加額外的層或是可 仍殘留在結構+的犧牲材料。可基於所使用的材 料:S二 = 割移除犧牲材料。為了從微結構移除材 !於傳輸線中提供額外的開口,例如 的接觸。可却見心分沐生广及正紅構之犧牲材料間 構。例如,可在圖幸:二:二劑與犧牲材料間的接觸的結 可選擇這些開口的尺相將^波於的傳輸^㈣中形成開口。 小化。該尺寸可以選“例如擾最 用軟體,例如細⑽公司二==口的影響,且可使 移除犧牲阻劑後之最/僂衣;^HFSS將其最佳化。 圖。先前由犧牲材料所佔據二、、結構202係顯示於第15
的工間形成於外部導體與傳輪線核心二中及内 :心:積典型地為氣體,例如中T 當結構形成密封封裝的一 」見而要地’例如, 此,可實現減少屌本 σ ;核心創造真空。因 原本=吸掛於傳輪錄的表面之水蒸氣吸 94196 19 體積2^Γ見,液體可佔據介於中心、導體與外部導體間的 微裳本發明之另—示範性態樣,其進一步允許 述方法Q安:件維持於互相固定連接。本圖顯示以上 支撐件支撐件210’後之微結構。這些介電質 .體的可"生I狀圖案化’這也降低它們被拉離該外部導 這些: = 構I於圖案化製程期間,將 加工令,「τ Μ 。木匕成Τ」形。於如上所述之後續 粉演錯狀固乂二部=變成埋植於外部導體的壁中,並 電介值支撐件:;端::,含錯狀固定結構於這些 二件的各端各有一個「工」形之錯狀結 或是多構可另外地或是替代性地用於, 固定:-ί 將多個介電質與金屬微結構元件 換「ί 例示其他可實施於介電質支稽以替 結構為」主^士:範性幾何形狀。為了作示範,這些 端包含錯狀結構,1可/=支樣結構可視需要地於對 呈不同的幾何形狀示之錯狀結構的鏡像或是 少—部分在截面幾何开狀應提供支撐件之至 加之凹入㈣與其二度方向上增 掉件邊成機械^於位置上,並具有大幅減少之從外部i 94196 20 1364399 體壁拉離之可能性。當所例示的結構於其—端包含單一個 :狀P刀犄,可想見多重錨狀物位於,例如多個介電質支 。,在不希望被任何特定理論束缚下,相信除了提 供,械固定效杲外,錯狀固定結構因為於曝光與顯影期間 =力的減少而改善黏附。也相信可改善於製造期間因熱 起的應力’例如通過使用如第㈣至第挪圖之曲線 形狀而移除尖銳角。 移傳㈣結構從其所附著之基板 aZ紅:的。11將允許於所釋放互連網路之二側與其他 積體電路1 =如钟化鎵晶粒,例如單片(mcmGlithic)微波 完成,以裴置。從基板釋放結構可藉由各式技術來 成6士構彳7由於基板與基層間使㈣牲層,其可於完 ί::後:即於適當溶液中移除。犧牲層的適當材料包 二選擇性可蝕刻金屬、高溫臘與各式鹽。 支撐形成:具有金屬化孔洞之介電質 如第20Α .圖與第2〇B i 卜 金屬化孔洞)之介電斤不(其刀別顯不非凹入與凹入 質支稽件,電貝支禮件之外,具有金屬化孔洞之介電 可以各式幾竹2該中心導體上。此外,介電質支撐件 如第】狀、T字形、盒狀或是 例如於分離^不幾何形狀而置放於中心導體中, 刀雊的中心導體中。 為其他形線的截面典型為正方形。然而可想見其 ',除了使得傳輸線的寬跟高不同外,可 94196 21 1364399 以形成正方形傳輪線相同之方式取得其他矩形傳 ?ι圓形或是部份圓形傳輸線可藉由使用灰階 木請SCa e帅erning)而形成。為了垂直 形傳輸線可,例如通過傳統微影技街產生,且用= 了erface)外部微同轴導體以構成導體介面等 各單獨的基板上。成或是藉由於 虚m其Γ 湘釋放層㈣傳輸線結構 由、嬋離以及疊層這些結構。這種疊層結構可藉 =4:涛層或是導電黏著劑連接。理論上,使用這裡所 述製程步驟而層疊之僂輪 住π 用_Μ旧 疋沒有限制的,然而,應 ::::::將受限於處理各額外層相關之厚度壓力舆阻 當二維微結構與它們的形成方法藉由參考示範性傳輸 =明時’應清楚所述微結構與方法係廣泛應用於很多 領域受惠於使用微機械程序來固定金屬 可廡用於,"電質微结構元件。本發明之微結構舆方法 ";例如下列工業中··於無線通信之微波盥毫米波 輕合器;於航空與軍事之雷達與避免碰撞系統與 /、、先,於汽車之壓力與翻覆感測器’·於化學之質皱 :過:器;於生物技術以及生物醫學之過遽器、微流:裝 、、則哭夕!!儀器、血壓感測器、氣體流感測器以及助聽器感 自:對::::電子產品之影像穩定器、高度感測器以及 94] 96 22 4發明已詳細藉由參考 錢熟習技術者而言 而插述’對於本 顯然可做出變形與改變,且可利乾圍的範圍下其 【圖式簡單說明】 Ύ化用均等物。 本發明將藉由參考下列圖 號代表相同的特徵,其中: 、〃中同樣的參考符 J:例:習知同軸傳輸線微結構的截面圖; 面圖;例不根據本發明的一種示範性三維微結構的剖 第至15圖例不根據本發 -她斜έ士姓仏η 又月弟2圖不同形成階段的鲁 一維微、,Ό構的側視與俯視截面圖; < 第“ Α至16 D圖例示根據本發明的示範性三維微結 介電質7L件與孔洞的側視截面圖; 第17圖例示根據本發明的另—種態樣的示範 微結構的側視截面圖; # 第18圖例示根據本發明的又-種態樣的示範性三維 微結構的側視與俯視截面圖; 第19A至19H圖例示根據本發明的示範性三維微結構 介電質元件與孔洞的部分俯視截面圖. 第20A及20B圖例示根據本發明的示範性三維微結構 的截面圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 2、202 傳輸線微結構 4、204 λ板 6、206外部導體 8 ' 208中心導體 94196 23
10 14、 22 210, 216 220 224、 226a 226b 226d 介電質支撐件 16、18、2〇、216 體積 、210 層 中間側壁部分 上壁/導電層 244 孔洞 第一層/犧牲材料/犧牲層 第二層/犧牲層 226c 弟四犧牲材料層 226e U、212基層 導電層 210 214 218 222 226 介電質支撐件/層 下部側壁部分/導電層 上部側壁部分/導電層 傳輪線核心/體積 犧牲材質層 犧牲光敏層、犧牲材料 第五犧牲材料層 227、 230、232、238、240 圖案 228 圖案/側壁 234 第一晶種層 236 第二晶種層 242 區域/柱狀物 246 「T」的上部份· 94196
Claims (1)
- i:?〇4399 第96150717號專利申請案 100年5月25日修正替換頁 十、申請專利範圍: - L 一種藉由連續建造製程所形成的三維微結構,包括: 第一微結構元件,包括介電質材料且具有至少部分 延伸穿過其中的孔洞; 第二微結構元件,包括金屬材料且具有埋植於其中 的該第一微結構元件的該孔洞; 於該孔洞中的金屬材料,其固定該第一微結構元件 至該第二微結構元件;以及 非固體體積,且該第一微結構元件及/或該第二微 結構元件暴露於該非固體體積。 2. 如申請專利範圍第i項所述的三維微結構,復包含基 板,於該基板上設置該第一與第二微結構元件。 土 3. 如申請專利範圍第丨項所述的三維微結構,其中,該微 結構包括同軸傳輸線,該同軸傳輸線具有中心導體、外 部導體以及用以支撐該中心導體的介電質支撐件,其 鲁 中該"電質支樓件為該第一微結構元件,而該内部導 體與/或該外部導體為該第二微結構元件。 4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述的三維微結構,其中,該非 固體體積處於真空或是為氣體狀態,且其係設置於該中 心導體與該外部導體間。 5. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述的三維微結構,其中,該同 軸傳輸線具有大致為矩形同軸幾何形狀。 6. 如申請專利範圍第丨項所述的三維微結構,其中,該孔 洞自該第一微結構元#夕楚 主Ζΐ 凡仵之第一表面延伸至第二表面而 94196修正本 25 第96150717號專利申諳案 100年5月25曰修正替換頁 完全通過該第一微結構元件。 7. 如申睛專利範圍第1項所述的三維微結構,其中,該孔 洞為凹腔形狀。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的三維微結構,其中,該第 一微結構元件的該金屬材料與該孔洞中的該金屬材料 係為相同材料。 種藉由連續建造製程形成三維微結構的方法,其包 括: ’、 於基板上置放複數層,其中,該等層包括介電質材 料的層、金屬材料的層以及犧牲材料的層; 。形成第一微結構元件,該第一微結構元件包括該介 電質材料且具有至少部分延伸穿過其令的孔洞; 形成第二微結構元件,該第二微結構元件包括該金 材料且具有埋植於其中的該第一微結構元件的該孔 ^積金屬材料於該孔洞中,較該第—微結構元件 第一微結構元件;以及 及/或^固體體積移除該犧牲f,且該第一微結構元件 sy 一微結構元件暴露於該非固體體積。 圍第9項所述的方法’其中,該微結構包 以及用軸傳輸線具有令心導體、外部導體 雷暂*支樓中心導體的介電質支樓件,其中,該介 電質切件為該第-微結構元件,而 該外部導體為該第二微結構元件^ ^導體及/或 94196修正本 26
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2007
- 2007-12-28 TW TW096150717A patent/TWI364399B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-12-28 JP JP2007339396A patent/JP2008188755A/ja active Pending
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- 2007-12-28 EP EP07150463.3A patent/EP1939137B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-12-28 US US12/005,936 patent/US7656256B2/en active Active
- 2007-12-28 CN CNA2007100932805A patent/CN101274734A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20080197946A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
| US20160336635A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
| EP1939137A2 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
| JP2008188755A (ja) | 2008-08-21 |
| US8933769B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 |
| US9515364B1 (en) | 2016-12-06 |
| US20120189863A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
| TW200842102A (en) | 2008-11-01 |
| US7656256B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 |
| KR101476438B1 (ko) | 2014-12-24 |
| US20100109819A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
| EP1939137A3 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
| CN101274734A (zh) | 2008-10-01 |
| US8031037B2 (en) | 2011-10-04 |
| EP1939137B1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
| KR20080063216A (ko) | 2008-07-03 |
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