TWI354565B - Films comprising a plurality of polymers - Google Patents
Films comprising a plurality of polymers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI354565B TWI354565B TW097113881A TW97113881A TWI354565B TW I354565 B TWI354565 B TW I354565B TW 097113881 A TW097113881 A TW 097113881A TW 97113881 A TW97113881 A TW 97113881A TW I354565 B TWI354565 B TW I354565B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- composition
- patent application
- cellulose
- agent
- Prior art date
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title description 69
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 90
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- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical group OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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Classifications
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- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
- A61K8/731—Cellulose; Quaternized cellulose derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
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Landscapes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 [0001] 本發明係有關包含聚合物之薄膜、包含該等薄 膜之組成物、及改良活性劑輸送至表面之方法。 【先前技術】 [0002] 組成物例如口腔護理組成物、個人護理組成物 和居家護理組成物係使用於廣泛多樣的目的,包括個人的 健康、衛生保健和外表之增強、預防或治療各種哺乳動物 的疾病和其他症狀,及為了清潔、消毒、給予令人愉悅的 氣味和其他利益而將藥劑輸送至居家品表面。該等組成物 可包含其中含有功能或活性材料之薄膜,且可儲存在產物 的載體或媒液中之薄膜。一旦使用,該薄膜可被化學或物 理破壞而降解,藉此將活性或功能材料釋放至周圍環境 内。如此,該薄膜提供一種在靠近目標表面局部釋放高濃 度之活性材料的機會。 [0003] 然而,持續需要改良具有有利性質例如增加之 穩定性和對目標表面的最佳黏著性之薄膜,以及改良包含 薄膜之口腔、個人和居家護理組成物之穩定性以輸送活性 劑之方法。 【發明内容】 發明概述 1354565 [0004]在某些具體實施例中,本發明提供一種薄膜, . 其包含: (a) 第一種聚合物;及 (b) 具有低於第一種聚合物的溶解度溫度之第二種聚 5 合物; 其中該薄膜的裂斷強度大於約750 psi (5,171 kPa)。在 其他具體實施例中,本發明提供輸送薄膜之至表面方法, 該薄膜包含第一種聚合物、具有低於第一種聚合物的溶解 度溫度之第二種聚合物,和大於約750 psi (5,171 kPa)之裂 1〇 斷強度’該方法包含將一種包含薄膜之組成物投予至表 面。在各種具體實施例中,該薄膜的裂斷強度大於約1,000 psi (6,894 kPa),1,100 psi (7,584 kPa),大於約 i,250 psi (8,618 kPa)或大於約1,500 psi (10,342 kPa)。在各種具體實 施例中,該薄膜的裂斷強度為約750 psi (5,171 kPa)至約 15 5,000 psi (34,470 kPa)或約 750 psi (5,171 kPa)至約 2,900 psi (19,995 kPa)。 # [0005]在各種具體實施例中,本發明提供一種薄膜, 其包含: (a) 以乾重為基準之約5至約50%羥丙基曱基纖維素或經 2〇 丙基纖維素(或其混合物);及 (b) 以乾重為基準之約5至約50%的曱基纖維素; 其中薄膜的裂斷強度大於約750 psi(5,171 kPa)。 [0006]在各種具體實施例中,本發明係有關—種投予 活性材料之方法,其包含將一種包含第一種聚合物和具有 6 低於第一種聚合物的溶 用至人類或動物個體,其;種聚合物的= 第一種聚合物對第二種2^她包含活性材料,和其尹 在各種:體實:二;約方二3含1在 中,該組成物包含一種4!;=。在各種具體實施例 藉由持續或延遲釋放^或多種以控制釋放方式(例如 活性材料之薄膜。不问時間或同時地釋放的功能或 口種具體實施财’本翻進—步提供改良 的穩定性之方法,其包含藉由組合第一種 聚合物形成薄膜之步驟,其中該第二種聚 曰物具有低於第-縣合物㈣解度溫度。 發明之詳細說明 [^)〇9]當使㈣本文巾,範_描述在包括邊界點之 :圍内的各自和全部值的簡略表達方式。在本揭示中所引 之=有參考文獻特此以其全文引用方式納人。在本揭示 之定義和所引用之參考讀的定義有衝突之情形時,本 揭示支配。 、[〇_本發明提供包含具有所要物理性f的薄膜之組 成物。例如’傾發現某些口腔護理組成物可藉由加入具有 活性成分浸潰在其中之薄膜增I參見(例如)BQyd等人之 美國專利第6,669,929號。然而,該等組成物仍然繼續需要 改良的穩定性和效能,以及完成活性劑之持續釋放。繼續 存在有關各種成分在調配物巾之不相容性(ineGmpatabUity) 1354565 的其他問題。例如,已發現有機酸因衝擊聚合物之溶解性 或沈澱作用使得一些口腔護理組成物不穩定,因此導致過 度溶解(也就是,不穩定)的薄膜。在所有消費品領域中此缺 點會導致不良穩定性問題,如一般發現有機酸類例如檸檬 5 酸、葡萄糖酸和其他聚合物酸和聚丙烯酸類之口腔護理、 個人護理和居家護理應用。 [0011] 本發明之組成物和方法提供釋放活性劑的優越 能力,根據提供一種具有至少二種具有不同溶解度溫度之 1 聚合物的薄膜而產生能夠提供理想的活性劑之持續釋放率 10 的薄膜之發現。本發明之組成物有利的是在於它們顯現利 益例如增強之包含薄膜之口腔護理、個人護理和居家護理 組成物的穩定性和輸送輪靡。 [0012] 在某些具體實施例中,本發明係有關一種薄 膜,其包含: 15 (a)第一種聚合物;及 (b)具有低於第一種聚合物的溶解度溫度之第二種聚合物; | 其中該薄膜的裂斷強度大於約750 psi (5,171 kPa)。當使用 在本文中,術語“溶解度溫度”係指所給予之水溶性聚合物 以其固體形式溶解在溶劑中時的溫度。在許多纖維素聚合 20 物例如甲基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素和羥丙基纖維素情 形中,術語“膠凝溫度”可用以指示為該等聚合物通常不溶 解在水中的溫度。 [0013] 在某些具體實施例中,第一種聚合物或第二種 聚合物之至少一個可為水溶性聚合物、水分散性聚合物、 8 1354565 或其混合物。在聚合物之至少—個為水溶性之情形,立不 需要完全地是水溶性’只要溶解度溫度可被測p在某些 具體實施例中,第—種聚合物或第二種聚合物之至少—個 為一種纖維素系聚合物。在各種具體實施例中,第一種聚 合物或第二種聚合物之至少一個為羥丙基甲基纖維素 (HPMC)、羥丙基纖維素(HPC)、或甲基纖維素(MC卜在各 種具體實施例中’第一種聚合物為羥丙基甲基纖維素 (HPMC)和第二種聚合物為曱基纖維素(MC)。 [0014] 在各種具體實施例中,水溶性聚合物之至少— 個可選自聚乙烯基吼咯啶酮、聚丙烯酸、聚曱基丙烯酸、 緩甲基纖維素、聚乙烯基烷基醚-順丁烯二酸共聚物(可以商 才承名Gantrez獲得),和各種天然衍生之聚合物,例如三仙 膠、刺槐豆膠、聚葡萄胺糖和玻尿酸。 [0015] 在本發明之具體實施例中,聚合物之溶解度溫 度可根據溶解度溫度試驗測量,其實施如下: 溶解度溫度試驗 [0016] 溶解度溫度被定義為單一聚合物,澆鑄成薄膜 和切割成於或大於4〇重量%之1吋(2.54公分)直徑圓(參見 說明單一聚合物薄膜調配物之實例)。用聚合物製備2密耳 (〇.〇51毫米)厚度之薄膜組成物。測量溶解時間-即,將薄膜 分散在充滿1吋(2 54公分)深的靜止水之u吋乘17吋(28 公分X 43公分)盤的時間,致使聚合物薄膜片不大於約1/4 时乘1/4叶(〇·64公分χ〇 64公分)。於較高水溫,某些聚 合物(例如纖維素醚類)之溶解時間將增加。該溶解度溫度為 9 1354565 第一次測量薄膜的溶解時間為15分鐘或更久的水溫。 [0017] 在各種具體實施例中,第一種聚合物具有溶解 度溫度大於約100卞(37.8。〇’約100。尸(37.8。〇至約200卞 5 具體實施例中’第二種聚合物具有小於約10(TF(37.8t:), 約 80°F(26,7°C)至約 140T(60.(TC),或約 100卞(37.8。〇至 約150°F(65.6°C)之溶解度溫度。 [0018] 在某些具體實施例中,本發明提供载體中包含 薄膜之組成物,其中該薄膜包含第一種聚合物和具有低於 10 第一種聚合物的溶解度溫度之第二種聚合物的混合物。 [0019] 在某些具體實施例中,薄膜適合使用於口腔護 理組成物、個人護理組成物(例如,頭髮護理組成物或皮膚 濩理組成物)或居家護理組成物。在各種具體實施例中,薄 膜包含可選自口腔護理活性劑、個人護理活性劑或居家護 15 理活性劑之功能或活性材料。 薄膜: [0020] 本勒明之具體實施例係有關薄膜和包含薄膜之 组成物。如被引用於本文中,‘‘薄膜,,為一種可具有實質上 層狀結構,或者可具有實質上非層狀結構(例如)粒^之材 20 料。 [0021] ‘‘層狀”結構具有或能夠具有在—或二次元(例 如,X-或y-次元)之大小實質上大於在第三次元(例如,心方 向)的結構之厚度。有效的層狀結構可包括該等實質上平 面、分層、或層狀者。在各種具體實施例中,該層狀結構 m. 1354565 可實質上為平面(皆具有χ-和y-次元的大小實質上大於z-方向)或非平面。在各種具體實施例中,薄膜可包含可顯示 如實質上平坦表面之實質上連續表面,或可變形。薄膜可 具有許多形狀之任何一種。 5 [0022]對照之下,在其中薄膜為非層狀的具體實施例 中,其可為粒子形式,具有(例如)球、球狀體、長方形或否 則不規則形狀及/或具有均勻厚度,與層狀成對比。 [0023] 在本發明具體實施例中,該薄膜包含至少一種 第一種聚合物和第二種聚合物。有效的聚合物包括水溶性 10 聚合物、水分散性聚合物或其混合物。 [0024] 在某些具體實施例中,第一種聚合物或第二種 聚合物之至少一個為一種在使用期間溶解之水溶性易破裂 聚合物,諸如(例如)在刷牙期間,將組成物施用至皮膚或頭 髮、或將組成物施用至居家表面例如硬表面或衣服(例如, 15 擦洗或擦拭)。該溶解可由於(例如)剪切及/或曝露於包含高 濃度的水之溶劑(包括唾液)而發生。在一些具體實施例中, ► 該聚合物不溶於水中但因被分散而在水中易破裂,也就 是,該聚合物(例如)由於剪力而斷裂成小碎片。在一些具體 實施例中,薄膜碎片可包含薄膜形成材料的混合物。可使 20 用於本具體實施例中之水溶性或水分散性聚合物包括纖維 素醚類、f基丙烯酸酯類、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、及其混合 物。在某些具體實施例中,第一種聚合物為一種纖維素醚, 例如一選自羥烷基纖維素聚合物例如羥丙基曱基纖維素 (HPMC)、羥丙基纖維素(HPC)、甲基纖維素(MC)、羧甲基 11 1354565 纖維素及其混合物者。例如❶HPMC於1〇%重量濃度具有 約45至約55°C之初膠凝溫度,和MC於10%重量濃度具有 約25至約35°C之初膠凝溫度(陶氏(Dow)技術手冊, “Methocel纖維素醚類,,’ 2002年九月)。 [0025] 其他有效的聚合物包括聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、交聯 聚乙烯°比咯啶酮、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮_乙酸乙酯共聚物、聚乙 烯醇、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸酯聚合物、聚環氧乙烷、聚環 氧乙烧、環氧乙烷和環氧丙烷之共聚物(也就是,泊洛沙姆 (poloxamers))、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯基烷基醚_順丁烯二酸共 聚物(例如Gantrez®)和羧乙烯聚合物;天然膠例如藤酸鈉、 角又菜膠、三仙勝、阿拉伯膠、阿拉伯膠(arable gum)、古 亞膠、聚三葡萄糖、瓊脂、幾丁質、聚葡萄胺糖、果膠、 刺梧桐樹膠、玉米蛋白、大麥蛋白、麥膠蛋白、刺槐豆膠、 西黃蓍膠(tragacantha)和其他多_類;澱粉類例如麥芽糊 精、直鏈澱粉、高直鏈澱粉、玉米澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉、米 凝粉、樹薯澱粉、豌豆澱粉、甘藷澱粉、大麥澱粉、小麥 毅粉、臘質玉米澱粉、改質澱粉(例如,羥丙基化高直鏈澱 粉)、糊精、聚果糖、痂囊腔菌多醣(elsinan)和麩質;及蛋 白質例如膠原、分離乳清蛋白、酪蛋白、乳蛋白、大豆蛋 白和膠蛋白。 [0026] 在某些具體實施例中,第一種聚合物或第二種 聚合物之至少一個為一種羥烷基纖維素例如羥丙基曱基纖 維素、羥乙基丙基纖維素、羥丁基甲基纖維素、羥丙基纖 维素或羧甲基纖維素。在某些具體實施例中,第一種聚合
ί SI 12 1354565 5
10 物為一種低黏度HPMC。當HPMC用作薄膜形成劑時,其 可具有在約1至約1 〇〇〇 mPa · s範圍之黏度(以hpmc之2 重量%水溶液於20°C下使用烏氏(Ubbelohde)管黏度計測 量)。在某些具體實施例中HPMC於20°C下具有約3至約 500 mPa . S之黏度。HPMC商業上可得自(例如)陶氏化學 公司(The Dow Chemical Company)之商標 Meth〇cel,包括如
Methocel E5LV、Methocel E50、和 Meth〇Cel ΚΙ〇〇。Methocel E5LV為一種USP等級,具有29.1%曱氧基和9%羥丙氧基 取代之低黏度HPMC,且為白色或乳白色流動性乾燥粉 末。以在水中之2重量%溶液於2〇。〇下使用烏氏 (Ubbelohde)管黏度計測量,其於2〇°c下具有5」mpa . s 15 之黏度。在各種具體實施例中,第一種水溶性聚合物或第 二種水溶性聚合物之至少一個以約1〇至約8〇重量%,約 20至約75重量%,或約30至約6〇重量%範圍之量併入薄 20 产[山〇〇27]在各種具體實施例中’在纽成物之使用期間該 =膜朋解。在-些具體實施例中’薄膜將功能或活性材料 ^於載體巾。如被引聽本文巾,“,,崩解”仙薄膜或碎 片材料的物理破壞作用,致使與最初_相較,產生減少 大小的薄膜或薄膜碎片。該破壞作用可透過機械、化學方 法’或其組合。崩解可起因於(例如)剪力、研磨 =用=或其他工具)’或在使用期間曝露於高溫或溶劑 如水或唾液;或由於pH改變或經由酵素之分解。 [0〇28]本發明之_視需要地包切響薄朗物理或 13 1354565 1354565
10 15 功能特性之材料。該等額外物質可為(例如)乳化劑、塑化 背J、、填充劑、或質地改良劑。填充劑可包括惰性殿粉粒子 及纖维素。質地改良劑可包括冷水膨脹、物理改質和預膠 凝(pregelatenized)殿粉,以增加聚合物薄膜之挺度。 功能或活性材料:.
[0029] 本發明之薄膜可包含一種功能或活性材料。另 外,在本發明有關包含薄祺之組成物的具體實施例中,組 成物可進一步包含功能或活性材料。如被引用於本文中, 術語“功能材料”或“活性材料,,可交換使用,且係指一種具有 口腔、個人或居家護理領域之所要利祕的材料。在ς 具體實施例中’該等利祕可為治療、化妝、美學、 清潔、消毒、漂白、除垢、感覺或其組合。 、 [0030] 功能材料可⑽十及附於薄膜的表面、併 膜内或包含在薄膜的表面上之—或多種塗層。某些且體杂 施例可有關包含-或多個具有第—種功能材料之第^種^ 膜碎片和-或多個具有與第-種功能材料不同之第 能材料㈣二種薄膜碎片之π腔護理、個人護理或居家謹 ^7 -6α τλϊ άίη 〇 [〇〇31]在各種具體實_中,魏材料可為食用香 料。在某些口腔護理具體實施例中,食用香料可在使 品期間碎U解、輸送Π氣清新味道、所要之口感 時迅速釋錄Π財。有效食㈣料可包括合成風味 调味芳香族、油·旨和触自植物、葉子、花、果實及复 祖合的萃取物,以及甜味劑。在某些具體實施例中,薄膜 14 20 包含調味或食品添加劑,例如該等使詩食品加工之化學 品(Chemicals Used in Food Processing,Nati〇nal Academy 〇f
Sciences之U74版,第63_258頁)中述所者。在各種具體 貫施例中,薄膜包含於薄膜的約〇 〇1至約15%,約〇」至 約12%,或約1至約10重量%的含量之食用香料。 [0032]在各種具體實施例十,薄膜可包含治療活性 劑。如被引用於本文中,“治療活性劑,,為一種有效預防或 治療生理異常或狀況之物質。該等異常或狀況包括口腔(包 括牙齒和牙齦)、皮膚、頭髮、和眼睛之異常或狀況。特殊 治療活性劑較佳根據組成物之所要利用性決定。該等活性 劑可包括下列: -抗微生物劑’例如三氯生(triclosan)'氣化十六烷基呲啶、 度米芬漠化物(domiphen bromide)、四級銨鹽類、鋅化合 物、血根鹼(sanguinarine)、氟化物、阿來西定(aiexidine)、 奥托尼定(octonidine)、EDTA, ••精油類例如瑞香酚、柳酸曱酯、桉樹腦和曱醇、等等, -非類固醇抗炎藥,例如阿司匹靈、醯胺苯酚、伊布洛芬 (ibuprofen)、酮洛芬(ketoprofen)、二氟尼柳(diflunisal)、 非諾洛芬(fenoprofen)舞、萘普生(naproxen)、托美、;丁 (tolmetin)納、丐卜朵美辛(indomethacin)、等等, -止咳劑,例如苯佐那醋(benzonatate)、乙二續酸卡拉美芬 (caramiphen edisylate)、薄荷腦、氫溴酸右美沙芬 (dextromethorphan hydrobromide)、鹽酸氯笨達諾 (chlophedianol hydrochloride)、等等, 1354565
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20 -去充血劑、例如鹽酸假麻黃鹼、苯基麻黃素 (phenylepherine)、苯基丙醇胺、硫酸假麻黃鹼、等等, -抗組織胺類’例如馬來酸演苯那敏(brompheniramine maleate)、馬來酸氯苯那敏(chlorpheniramine maleate)、馬 來酸卡比沙明(carbinoxamine maleate)、富馬酸氯馬斯汀 (clemastine fumarate)、 馬來酸右氯苯那敏 (dexchlorpheniramine maleate)、鹽酸苯海拉明 (diphenhydramine hydrochloride)、鹽酸雙苯拉林 (diphenylpyraline hydrochloride)、馬來酸阿札他咬 (azatadine meleate)、檸檬酸苯海拉明(diphenhydramine citrate)、號ίά 酸多西拉敏(doxylamine succinate)、鹽酸異 丙0秦(promethazine hydrochloride)、馬來酸 °比拉明 (pyrilamine maleate)、檸檬酸曲吡那敏(tripelennamine citrate)、鹽酸曲普利咬(triprolidine hydrochloride)、阿伐 斯汀(acrivastine)、氯雷他定(loratadine)、溴苯那敏 (brompheniramine)、右溴苯那敏(dexbrompheniramine)、 等等, -去痰劑,例如p瓜芬那辛(guaifenesin)、吐根(ipecac)、峨化 鉀、一水合萜二醇、等等, -止瀉劑,例如洛略丁胺(loperamide)、等等, -H2-拮抗劑,例如法莫替丁(famotidine)、雷尼替丁 (ranitidine)、等等, -質子泵抑製劑,例如奥美拉嗤(omeprazole)、蘭索拉°坐 (lansoprazole)、等等, 16 1354565 _ -般非選擇性CNS抑制劑’例如脂肪族醇類、巴比妥酸 鹽等等, -一般非選擇性CNS刺激劑例如咖啡因、尼古丁、番木 鼈鹼、苦毒素、戊稀四吐等等, 5 -選擇性改良CNS功能之藥物例如苯基尿囊素、苯巴比 妥、撲米酮(primidone)、卡馬西平(carbamazepine)、乙琥 胺(etliosuximide) ' 曱琥胺(methsuximide)、苯琥胺 鲁 (phensuximide)、三曱雙酮(trimethadi〇ne)、地西泮 (diazepam)、苯并二氮呼類 '苯乙醯脲、苯丁醯脲 10 (pheneturide)、乙醯唑胺(acetaz〇lamide)、硫噻嗪 (sulthiame)、漠化物、等等, -抗巴金生症藥例如左旋多巴、金剛烷胺(amantadine)等 等,及 -麻醉鎮痛劑例如嗎°非(morphine)、海洛因、氫嗎♦酮 15 (hydromorphone)、美托酮(metopon)、羥嗎啡酮 (oxymorphone)、左旋嗎汎(iev〇rphanol)、可待因 Φ (codeine)、氫可酮(hydrocodone)、羥考酮(oxycodone)、 納洛芬(nalorphine)、納洛啊(naloxone)、拿泮松(naltrexone) 等等,止痛劑-解熱劑例如柳酸鹽類、保泰松 2〇 (phenylbutazone)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、非那西汀 (phenacetin)等等,精神藥理藥物例如氯丙嗪 (chlorpromazine)、左美丙嗪(methotrimeprazine)、氟旅咬 醇(haloperidol)、氯氮平(clozapine)、利舍平(reserpine)、 丙米嗓(imipramine)、反苯環丙胺(tranylcypromine)、苯乙 17 1354565 肼(phenelzine)、鐘等等。 [0033] 在某些本發明之口腔護理、個人護理或居家護 理具體實施例中,有效功能材料可包括,例如:食用香料、 芳香、精油、乳化劑、增稠劑、著色劑、冷卻劑、甜味劑、 5 黏合劑、硫沈澱劑、塑化劑、醫藥活性劑、唾液刺激劑、 防沾污活性劑、抗菌劑、抗鑛齒劑、防牙菌斑劑、抗菌斑 生成劑、牙周活性劑、口氣清新劑、口臭控制劑、增白劑、 維生素、藥草和藥草萃取物、胺基酸、酵素或其他蛋白質、 ® 類固醇、抗炎劑、磨料、止汗活性劑、除臭活性劑、調節 10 劑、保濕劑、潤膚劑、遮光劑、防曬劑、醇類、變性劑、 去屑劑、抗膽驗劑、麻醉劑、發泡劑、界面活性劑、清淨 劑、漂白劑、清潔劑、織物柔軟劑、防腐劑及其組合。有 效活性材料也揭述於Leung等人之美國專利6,596,298 中。在各種具體實施例中,該薄膜包含於薄膜的約0.001 15 至約50重量%,薄膜的約0.01%至約40重量%,薄膜的約 0.1至約30重量%或薄膜的約1%至約25重量%之濃度的該 • 等活性材料0 [0034] 在各種具體實施例中,本發明提供一種具有水 水合性薄膜片懸浮或埋入其中之牙劑,該薄膜包含水溶性 20 纖維素聚合物和具有低於第一種聚合物的溶解度溫度之第 二種聚合物的混合物。在各種具體實施例中,第一種聚合 物或第二種聚合物之至少一個為HPMC。在各種具體實施 例中,第一種聚合物為HPMC和第二種聚合物為MC。 [0035] 本發明之薄膜可以各種方式製造,包括該技藝 18 1354565
10 15 _已知用於製造薄膜之 該等形成漿液之薄膜的^法乂。在各種具體實施例中,混合 者)以形成-形成聚液:分(例如肖等在下列實例所揭示 放基材上和乾燥以形成卜物之薄膜。將該漿液澆鑄在可釋 例中,該等基材材料具=膜材料之片材。在某些具體實施 上均勻地展開之表面張允^薄膜漿液在基材表面上實質 成毁滅性結合。適當其藉此避免在薄膜和基材之間形 鐵氟龍ΤΜ_〇“”之非限制例包括玻璃、不銹鋼。 之後,然後乾燥薄二t烯·切酮難-浸潰之紙。堯鑄 乾燥終端機、真空乾^料於〶溫且借助烘乾箱、 乾燥+機、或任何在該技藝中已知的適當 、 其他具體實施例中,薄膜藉由薄膜蚯 成物的猶__“,料城靠之厚度,和 在其他具體貫施例中,_藉由溶誠錄製造。 [0036]本發明之薄臈可藉由來自漿液之調配物製造, 其中該乾燥薄膜包含下列: (a) 以乾重為基準之約5至約鄕的第—種聚合物;及 (b) 以乾重為基準之約5至約5〇%的第二種聚合物, 20 [0037]在各種具體實施例中,薄膜包含以乾重為基準 之各約10至約40% ’約12至約35%,和約15至約3〇%的 第一種和第二種聚合物。 [0038]薄膜碎片可以寬廣範圍的濃度併入本發明之基 礎組成物中。在各種具體實施例中,該載體可包含於組成 物之約0.005至約15%,約〇 〇1至約12%,約〇 〇5至約 10〇/〇’約0.01至約8%或約〇 〇5至約5重量%的含量之碎片。 19 中包某些具體實施射,本發明之組成物在載體 住何=發明之薄膜。如被引用於本文中,“載體”為 ^材或组成物,其中可埋人和懸浮薄膜,且適合於以口 ^蔓理或個人護理調配物投予或施用至人類或或動物個 丄或適合於以居家護理調配物投予至家庭表面。在各種 t含複數薄膜碎片的具體實施例中,該等碎片可埋入、懸 子、分散或者分佈在載體中。載體之選擇視所要的薄膜用 ,,也就是,在口腔護理、個人護理或居家護理組成物而 定。 、[0040]在各種具體實施例中,該載體為液體、半固體 或固體。“液體”可為低或高黏度之液體,且包括具有在周 圍條件下是感覺不到的流率之液體例如,肥皂,例如洗4 肥皂塊,可被認為是如本文中所定義之液體。液體可為觸 變性液體。“半ID體”當使用在本文中可為;疑膠、勝體或膠。 當使用在本文中,半固體和液體根據黏性區別:半固體為 一種高黏度液體,而液體具有較低的黏度。在此二類型的 液體之間沒有確定分界線。在某些具體實施例中,半固體 可具有高如數千之mPa_s的黏度。可使用於此處之载體包 括液體、糊劑、軟膏、凝膠、和泡沫,且可為透明、半 明或不透明。 [0041]在某些具體實施财,本發明之組成物為適合 於投予至口腔之口腔護理組成物。該等組成物包括牙劑(包 括漱口水和口含漱液)、牙科用凝膠、錠劑(lozenges)、珠子、 私、口腔貼片、_荷、液狀牙膏、噴霧、塗上凝膠、胥膏、 美白貼片(whitening strips)、氣味貼片(breath strips)、口服 °且嚼鍵(oral chews)、牙線及其組合。本文中所揭示之口腔 護理組成物可用於(例如)口腔預防、美白、牙斑預防或減 少、牙齦炎預防或減少、結石的控制、敏感預防或減少、 或口臭(breath malodor)預防或減少、和變色(stain)預防。 [0042] 在某些具體實施例中,本發明之組成物可為皮 膚護理組成物(例如)肥皂、洗劑、沐浴露(body wash)、沐浴 凝膠、洗髮精、潤絲精、除臭劑、止汗劑、芳香、香料、 化妝品或其組合,例如止汗劑/除臭劑。在某些具體實施例 中,本發明之組成物可為頭髮護理組成物,諸如(例如)洗髮 精或潤絲精,或其組合。 [0043] 在某些具體實施例中,本發明之組成物可為居 家護理組成物(例如)餐具洗蘇劑、洗衣清潔劑、織物柔軟 劑、硬表面清潔劑或漂白組成物。居家護理組成物之有效 載體包括(例如)界面活性劑、清潔劑和發泡劑。 [0044] 載體之特殊組成物較佳視所欲之組成物用途而 定。在各種具體實施例中,該載體為水性且包含約5至約 95%水,約10至約80%水或約15至約75%水。在其他具 體實施例_,該載體實質上為非水性。在各種具體實施例 中’該載體可為具有約5%至約70%,約10%至約5〇% ,咬 約20%至約40%之水含量的牙劑載體。在其他具體實施例 中’非水性牙劑載體包含小於約5%水。 [0045] 載體可包含任何的各種材料,包括乳化劑、增 稠劑、填充劑、和防腐劑。在一些具體實施例中,該載體 1354565 包含功能材料’例如上述之功能材料。在一些具體實施例 中,該載體包含與薄膜相同之功能材料。 [0046] 在某些具體實施例中,該載體適合於用作牙 劑。在一些具體實施例中,該載體包含保濕劑,例如甘油、 山梨醇或聚烧撐二醇例如聚乙二醇或丙二醇。在一些組態 中’該載體包含於組成物之約10%至約80重量%,或約20% 至約60重量%的含量之保濕劑。其中可使用於此處之载體 組成物係揭示於(例如)Garlick,Jr.,等人之美國專利 5,695,746,和 Mei-King Ng 等人之 4,839,157。 [0047] 在各種牙劑具體實施例中,該載體包含增稠 劑、膠化劑或其組合。可使用於此處之增稠劑或膠化劑包 括無機的天然或合成增稠劑或膠化劑。在一些組態中,該 載體包含於組成物之約0.10%至約15重量%,或約0,4%至 約10重量%的總含量之增稠劑和膠化劑。可使用於此處之 增稠劑和膠化劑的例子包括無機增稠二氧化矽諸如:非晶 形二氧化矽,例如Zeodent® 165 (Huber公司);愛爾蘭青 苔(Irish moss) ; iota-角叉菜膠;黃蓍膠;或聚乙烯基吡咯啶 酮。在某些具體實施例中,載體包含擦亮劑,例如二氧化 矽、煆燒氧化鋁、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸鈣、磷酸二妈或焦填酸 舞。在各種具體實施例中’載體可為視覺上透明的組成物。 [0048] 在某些包含視覺上透明的載體之牙劑具體實施 例中’ s亥組成物包含至少一種擦亮劑。其中可使用於此處 之擦冗劑包括%體一氧化破’如(例如)Zeodent® 115 (Huber 公司)’和驗金屬紹石夕酸鹽複合物(也就是,包含氧化铭之二 L S1 22 1354565 氧化矽)。在一些組態尹,擦亮劑可具有接近與水及/或保濕 劑組合之膠化劑的折射率之折射率。在各種具體實施例 中,該載體包含於組成物之約5%至約70重量%的含量之 擦亮劑。
10 15
20 [0049]在某些牙粉具體實施例中,載體包含界面活性 劑或界面活性劑的混合物。有效界面活性劑包括至少一種 高級脂肪酸單甘油酯一硫酸鹽之水溶性鹽類,例如氫化椰 子油脂肪酸類之一硫酸化單甘油酯的鈉鹽;椰油醯胺丙基 甜菜驗;高級烷基硫酸鹽例如硫酸月桂酯鈉;烷基芳基磺 酸鹽例如十二烧基苯續酸鋼;高級烧基項基乙酸鹽;月桂 基磺基乙酸鈉;1,2-二羥基丙烷磺酸鹽之高級脂肪酸酯;及 低級月曰肪知胺基羧酸之實質上飽和高級脂肪族醯基醯胺 ^,例如該等脂肪酸、烷基或醯基基團中具有12至16個 碳者;及其混合物。酸胺類可為(例如)N_月絲基肌胺酸, ^月桂1基N-肉丑蔻醯基、或N-軟脂醯基肌胺酸之 :成:::r至鹽:巧 為包’水不溶性聚合物材料可 組態中,該等聚入物π 的水性乳液或分散液。在一些 天然聚合物及其^物1㈣物單體、單體的混合物、 包括水不溶性聚合:材料些組態中,聚合物材料也可 物可包含魟成物之約3y 。在某些組態中,水不溶性聚合 0約60% ;約4%至約40%,或約 23 10 15
20 5%至約30重量%。少^ 台入@ A # 在非限制例中,水不溶性聚合物材料可 乜含選自方族乙條&扣 也 .^ ιχ 碲暴類、二烯基類、丙烯腈類、鹵乙烯類、 愒二鹵乙烯類、;7松甘 D, 基酯類、烯烴類和其異構物、乙烯基 ^ 口各咬酮、不偷知热 萨+ βL和缓酸、不飽和叛酸之烧基醋、不飽和缓 酉变之烷基酯的與其丄,, ¥,^ 二丞何生物、不飽和羧酸之醯胺類、不飽和 Π、胺:丁ί物 '不飽和羧酸之烷基酯的環氧丙基衍生 烯込一胺類和異構物、芳族二胺 酞醯 垣多元醇類及其混合物之單體。 师 [0051]在各種具體實施例中,包含載體和根據本發明 ^膜碎片之組成物可適合於用作止汗劑、除臭劑、或止汗 刎/除臭劑、洗髮精、洗劑。 使用方法: [0052] 在某些具體實施例中,本發明提供將薄膜組成 勿投予至個體例如人類或動物之方法。如被引用於本文 中,投予係指任何藉由其將組成物塗覆於個體上或投予 至個體的方法。在各種具體實施例中,該投予為局部,其 中4組成物塗覆至個體的外表面,例如至口腔表面(例 如’牙齒、膠和舌),至皮膚、至眼睛、和至頭髮。投予之 待定路徑和方法將視組成物之所意欲的用途而定。 [0053] 在各種具體實施例中’本發明提供將功能材料 投予至需要其之人類或動物個體之方法,其包含將載體中 包含薄膜之組成物局部投予至該個體,其中該薄膜包含功 能材料。在一具體實施例中’該方法額外地包含局部施用 薄膜之後破壞薄膜。該破壞可藉由任何各種方法(包括化學 ί S1 24 1354565 及/或機械方法)完成。化學方法包括薄膜藉由與存在於投予 位置之水或物質(例如,口腔護理應用中之唾液)接觸的降 解。物理方法包括攪拌、斫磨、和使用期間藉由將物理能 量施用至缸成物而產生之剪力(例如’於牙劑應用中之刷或 於居家護理應用中之擦洗或擦拭)。 [0054] 在各種具體實施例中’本發明提供治療口腔護 理狀況之方法。如被引用於本文中,“口腔護理狀況,,為任 何可藉由組成物投予至口腔預防或治療之何異常或狀況, 包括牙齒、口腔黏膜、牙齦和舌之疾病或症狀。該等狀況 包括齲齒、牙酿炎、牙周病、敏感、口腔乾燥、結石之積 累和美容狀況例如變色、牙齒琺瑯質之流失或口臭。 [0055] 在某些具體實施例中,本發明提供保持哺乳動 物的全身健康之方法,其包含將-種包含根據本發明薄膜 之組成物投予至哺乳動物的步驟。 _6]本發明可藉由參考下列非限制例進—步了解。 【實施方式】 實例 [0057]根據表1,用并與/丨 > 田甘 20 表 丙其甲A㈣音mm甲基纖維素(MC)和經 丙基甲基纖維素(HPMc)製備各⑽,如下: 成分 ~~~~~1-- 從重量漿液重量 %(實例 1;) 〇/〇 漿液重量 % (實例3) ------ 漿液重量 % (實例4) 一—------ \ Ά 1^ 4 ^ ) 25 1354565
界面活性劑 [0058]然後將漿液澆鑄成薄膜 、丨又%徵該 定各種物理特性。在控制溫度下1星期之後藉寸犋从測
Methocel E5 (HPMC) Methocel E50 (HPMC) Methocel A15 (MC) 薄膜在牙劑載體中之穩定性:⑴目視測定=由下列評话 路注物鏠.nm、开)&或大小沒有 使用在 發生改變;及(2)觸覺測定溫和的摩擦形狀不裂開。 此評估中之特定牙劑係使用該技藝中已知的成和方法製 備’但特別包含2%有機酸聚合物(例如)聚乙烯基烧基趟_ 顯 順丁稀'一自欠共聚物(如(例如)Gantrez®)。該等測試的結果 示於下: 薄膜形式 例1至4)之性質 裂斷強度(psi) 安定? (Y/N) 在水中1 溶解 時間(秒)_ 26 1354565 實例 1(全部 HPMC) >3000 psi (>20,682 kPa) N <120 實例2(全部MC) 非常弱-不試驗 Y 577 實例 3(1 : 2 HPMC : MC) 775 psi (5,343 kPa) Y 506 實例 4(2 : 1 HPMC : MC) 1686 psi (11,623 kPa) Y 105 [0059]結果指示實例3和4之薄膜具有高於實例2之 薄膜的裂斷強度,同時保持較短的溶解時間。 【圖式簡單說明】 5 無 【主要元件符號說明】 無 27
Claims (1)
- 十、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種薄膜,其包含: ~年7月咚日修正本 專利申請案第9711388丨k--- ROC Patent Application No. 97113881 修正之申請專利fe圍中文本-附件(二) (民國100年7月吟日送呈) (Submitted on July , 2011) Amended Claims in Chinese.Fnrl ΠΙ) ⑷以乾重為基準5至5G%之包含㈣基曱基纖維素或經丙基 • (hydropropyl)纖維素的纖維素組成物;及 5 (b)以乾重為基準5至5〇%的曱基纖維素; 其中該薄膜的裂斷強度大於75〇 pSi kpa)。 2,根據申請專利範圍第1項之薄膜,其包含 • (a)以乾重為基準1()至4()%的經丙基曱基纖維素或經丙基纖維 素;及 10 1520 ⑻以乾重為基準1〇至4〇%的甲基纖維素。 3._根據申請專職㈣w之薄膜,其巾 對⑻曱基纖維素之比例為1:3至3:1。 〒、且成物 1項之薄膜,其中該薄膜具有實質 1項之薄膜,其中該(a)纖維素組成 4. 根據申請專利範圍第 上層狀結構。 5. 根據申請專利範圍第 物為羥丙基甲基纖維素。 7· —種組成物,包含 根據申請專利範圍第i項之—薄膜;以及 一載體; 其中戎薄膜係被承载在所述之载體中。 8.根據申請專利範圍第7項之物,進 糾 <治療活性劑:磨料、浐姓4 ^ 3選自下 石才叶抗齲齒、防牙菌斑劑、抗菌斑生 28 1354565 抗敏感劑、閉塞劑、牙周活性劑、口氣清新劑、口臭控制劑、 增白劑、防沾污活性劑、唾液刺激劑、及其組合。 9. 根據申請專利範圍第7項之組成物,其係於牙劑的形式。· 10. 根據申請專利範圍第7項之組成物,其中該組成物係於· 5肥皂、洗劑、沐浴露(body wash)、沐浴凝膠、洗髮精、潤絲精、 除臭劑、止汗劑、芳香、香料或化妝品的形式。 11. 根據申請專利範圍第7項之組成物,其中該組成物係於 發泡劑、界面活性劑、清淨劑、漂白、清潔劑、或織物柔 的形式。 ▲ 29
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| MX (1) | MX2009011198A (zh) |
| PH (1) | PH12009502000A1 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2440094C2 (zh) |
| SG (1) | SG156343A1 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TWI354565B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2008130764A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200907791B (zh) |
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| DE102004032049A1 (de) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-19 | Grünenthal GmbH | Gegen Missbrauch gesicherte, orale Darreichungsform |
| DE102005005449A1 (de) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-10 | Grünenthal GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gegen Missbrauch gesicherten Darreichungsform |
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| NZ607392A (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2015-03-27 | Gruenenthal Chemie | Tamper resistant dosage form comprising inorganic salt |
| CA2821374C (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2015-10-20 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Non-aqueous oral care composition containing dental occlusion actives |
| SI2736495T1 (sl) | 2011-07-29 | 2017-12-29 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Tableta, odporna proti zlorabi, ki zagotavlja takojšnje sproščanje zdravila |
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| ES2605158T3 (es) | 2011-12-19 | 2017-03-13 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Composiciones que generan perácidos |
| RU2607481C2 (ru) | 2011-12-19 | 2017-01-10 | Колгейт-Палмолив Компани | Система, обеспечивающая катализируемую пергидролазой реакцию |
| HK1203432A1 (zh) | 2011-12-20 | 2015-10-30 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | 口腔護理組合物 |
| TR201815502T4 (tr) | 2012-04-18 | 2018-11-21 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Kurcalama veya dirençli ve doz boşalımına dirençli farmasötik dozaj formu. |
| US10064945B2 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2018-09-04 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Thermoformed, tamper-resistant pharmaceutical dosage form containing zinc |
| KR20140072716A (ko) * | 2012-12-05 | 2014-06-13 | 삼성정밀화학 주식회사 | 헤이즈가 개선된 필름 |
| CA2891330C (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2020-10-27 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Abradable films for use in oral care |
| WO2014098865A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Pattern recognition receptor expression as a measure of systemic health |
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| CN105934241B (zh) | 2013-11-26 | 2020-06-05 | 格吕伦塔尔有限公司 | 通过低温研磨制备粉末状药物组合物 |
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| EP3200880B1 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2021-05-19 | Rohm and Haas Company | Low viscosity cellulosics in hair care compositions |
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| US20180042868A1 (en) | 2016-08-12 | 2018-02-15 | Grünenthal GmbH | Tamper resistant formulation of ephedrine and its derivatives |
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| TWI692499B (zh) * | 2019-07-19 | 2020-05-01 | 怡定興科技股份有限公司 | 用於微針貼片之針底組成物及包含其之微針貼片 |
| US11980622B1 (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2024-05-14 | Apotex Inc. | Oxcarbazepine extended release dosage form |
| CN113384471B (zh) * | 2021-06-10 | 2023-03-17 | 好维股份有限公司 | 一种包含薄膜的口腔护理产品 |
| CN113956546A (zh) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-01-21 | 蚌埠天成包装科技股份有限公司 | 一种淀粉基全降解吹膜组合物的制备方法 |
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2007
- 2007-04-18 US US11/737,050 patent/US20080260836A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2008
- 2008-03-20 IN IN6740DE2009 patent/IN264673B/en unknown
- 2008-03-20 MX MX2009011198A patent/MX2009011198A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2008-03-20 RU RU2009142428/15A patent/RU2440094C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-03-20 JP JP2010504136A patent/JP5210374B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-20 WO PCT/US2008/057571 patent/WO2008130764A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-03-20 CA CA2684491A patent/CA2684491C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-20 BR BRPI0810390-9A2A patent/BRPI0810390A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-03-20 EP EP08732514.8A patent/EP2142166B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-03-20 SG SG2009069642A patent/SG156343A1/en unknown
- 2008-03-20 CN CN2008800201925A patent/CN101677935B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-20 AU AU2008242417A patent/AU2008242417C1/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-04-17 TW TW097113881A patent/TWI354565B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-04-17 AR ARP080101586A patent/AR066097A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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2009
- 2009-10-19 PH PH12009502000A patent/PH12009502000A1/en unknown
- 2009-11-05 ZA ZA2009/07791A patent/ZA200907791B/en unknown
- 2009-11-19 CO CO09131816A patent/CO6241094A2/es active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2008242417C1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
| SG156343A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
| CA2684491C (en) | 2013-08-13 |
| MX2009011198A (es) | 2009-10-30 |
| BRPI0810390A2 (pt) | 2014-11-25 |
| CO6241094A2 (es) | 2011-01-20 |
| AU2008242417A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
| PH12009502000A1 (zh) | 2010-09-13 |
| US20080260836A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
| JP2010525109A (ja) | 2010-07-22 |
| AU2008242417B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
| AR066097A1 (es) | 2009-07-22 |
| CN101677935A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
| TW200906446A (en) | 2009-02-16 |
| RU2440094C2 (ru) | 2012-01-20 |
| CA2684491A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
| CN101677935B (zh) | 2013-01-02 |
| ZA200907791B (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| EP2142166A1 (en) | 2010-01-13 |
| IN264673B (zh) | 2010-06-18 |
| WO2008130764A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
| EP2142166B1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
| RU2009142428A (ru) | 2011-05-27 |
| JP5210374B2 (ja) | 2013-06-12 |
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