J299683 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 制方法的技術領 ’具經濟效益者。 本發明係屬一種電阻點銲之變开^ # 域，尤指一種可提升生產效率及銲接品質 【先前技術】 L·. 1 iiuiiibun -〜包「几點鲜，由於製程快 速、清潔及製造的彈性的優點，銥名非a / 此在非常低的成本下產生堅 固的結構，此後便廣泛的應用在板金 H汉1镬合的製造過程。 對於要求表面精度的銲接狀況 *狀/兄例如輕軌列車的外殼， 為減輕重量早已放棄鉚釘的接合方★ 0 : 设σ万式而採用點銲接合，但銲 後工件表面的變形會畢彡塑5丨Μ 曰〜響到*觀、增加後續處理程序及提高 生產成本。在相關的文獻中顯示，電阻點銲的銲接變形主要 是由於銲核形成後，銲接區域仍處於相對高溫，造成工件軟 化及表面硬度與強度降低，因在 此在電極力作用下，電極容易 陷入工件表面而導致變形， 肉逼極所產生的凹陷是可控制但 無法消除。若要進行德蟢仏4 — 、’、、的加處理，則成本與加工時間將 大幅增加。因此，如何在 电點杯過程中，降低工件變形是 目前研究的主要目標。 藉此，在2004年的一蚀同^也 俄國文獻中（V· Ρ· Berez i neko， 2004 ) ’利用一壓縮機構 、 s細知點周圍區域的方法，改變銲 域的應力-應變狀態，藉以降低工件表面的凹陷深度。 :而其貫驗結果顯示，利用壓縮機構壓縮工件表面時，其壓 縮範圍係工件銲點的周 &或’雖對消除工件表面的凹陷深 度有所幫助，但复碡纫+ ^ 之凹陷仍相當明顯，且實際上於銲接 1299683 兀成後，工件表面會形成狀一 載，1>如狀不吴硯，根據該文獻記 載故=銲點平整度為外凸〜^ -接的纟n<事相關領域之研發與實作銲 接的、、工驗，針對上述現有鲜接 、問題加以探討研究，並产…件表面所產生凹陷深度 試及改ρ #故 W貝的哥找解決之方法，經多次測 a汉叹艮後，終於劊 銲之變形控制方法。 τ確實改進上述缺失之電阻點 【發明内容】 為此本發明之主要目的係μ 制方法使用之壓縮機構，其係可 盖電……控 度，達到肉眼與觸覺無法 文°工件表面的凹陷深 為了相上述而提料接品質。 形控制方、、、 χ明係提供—種電阻點銲之變 二=機ΓΓ縮機構’係於電阻銲接機點銲過程中， 矛J用壓縮機構之適當鍛壓力 叶、征r 藉由銲接材料之最佳銲接參X及:電圍之軟化區域。 壓力控制器與電流控制器，於鮮接時==機之多段 電流以锻屬鲜點及其周圍之軟化區:，而'適虽的力與 整。 q，而能使工件更為平 本發明提供一種屢縮 第-彈菁座中央位置處穿設有一固-彈菁座’該 置處設有調整螺絲，該調整螺絲供 、’於周緣適當位 桿身處套設有一屢縮彈f;_第二彈菩：…且於螺桿之 緣與壓縮彈簧相互抵靠 /"’该第二彈簧座周 壓縮環，該壓縮環上抵靠有黃座中央㈣設置有- 干，亚於工件上壓抵有一移 6 1299683 動电極，亚使該移動電極包 強 極不回夕个』 強度較南且導熱性與銅電 極不问之電極套筒，·藉由 、⑷电 工件W # & 移動電極移動，使壓縮環接觸到上 件的表面，然後彈簧開始 …]上 增加，去剧+千 鋅點周圍的壓縮力急速 田固疋電極接觸到下工件 值，而後移動電極繼〆辦六 ' 曰，堊縮力達到預設 … 增加之屢力乃為電極力，其作用乃暑 停止後…… 嘴持工件間固定的壓力。當銲接電流 移動電極施加更高 至丨ί锃Μ n 取座刀，使仔固定電極頂壓 到鈈點及周圍之軟化區 貝& 市場潛力。 而-使工件表面更為平整，深具 本毛明另提供一種婷接姑祖夕县 參數組合，1係Μ之“㈣力及銲接電流 制号㈣〃 銲機之多段壓力控制器及電流控 數制’於壓縮㈣點銲《工件時，以實驗得到之參 稭以由該參數鍛壓銲點及1 平敕从. 及，、周圍之軟化區域，而可得到 + I的工件，符合業界期望之需求。 【實施方式】 首先’如第一圖至第四闯仏- si,a ㈡弟四圖所不，本發明係提供一種電阻 ，·-鲜之變形控制方法使用之 宝細機構，係於電阻銲接機（1) 』鋅工件（18)時，利用電極壓 n力（2 0 )壓縮工件（丨8 )， 並通以電極力（22 )加以點銲工件f . τ ^ 座料， 仵（18)，使工件（18)產 生受形與軟化，並利用一壓綠 j 以機構（1G)之適當锻壓力鍛壓 广其周圍之軟化區域’藉以降低工件（18)表面之凹陷， 使工件表面更為平整。 ’參閱第一圖所示，該電阻點銲機⑴連結一電流控 -與一多段壓力控制器（1〇3)，並藉由銲接材料 J299683 之最佳鍛壓力及銲接電流參數 要文、、且5控制電流控制器（1 〇 i ) 與多段壓力控制器（i 03 )， 於#接吟改變鍛壓力與電極力 (22)，以鍛a銲點及其周圍之軟化_。 其中’銲接參數包括： 壓縮力：銲接期間，麼縮環作用於工件表面之力。 電極力：當壓縮力達到預設值，而後移動電極繼續增加 之壓力乃為電極力，其作用是乃是在施加銲接 電流過程中維持工件間固定的壓力。 鍛堡力：銲接電流停止，電極後續仍作用於工件表面之 力。 持壓階段··鍛壓力作用期間。 多1銲後電流：鍛壓作用期間所施加之鋒接電流。 =請參閱第二圖、第四圖所示，本發明提供—種電阻點 銲之殳形控制方法使用之壓縮機構’該壓縮機構(⑴包括 有· 一第一彈簧座（11)，該第一彈簧座（11)中央位置處 穿有口疋電極（1 2 )，並於周緣適當位置處設有調整螺 絲（13) ’該調整螺絲（13)供一螺桿（14)穿設，且於螺 杯（14 )之桿身處套設有一壓縮彈簧（15 ); 一第二彈簧座（1 6 )，該第二彈簧座（丨6 )周緣與壓縮 彈黃（15)相互抵靠，使該第一彈簧座（11)與第二彈簧座 (16)有一壓縮距離，且第二彈簧座（16)中央位置處設置 有I、、宿環（1 7 )，該壓縮環（1 7 )上抵靠有一工件（1 8 )， 並於件（18)上壓抵有一移動電極（19)，且移動電極（ig) 1299683 包覆有一導熱佳之電極套筒（23 )。 其中，該移動電極（19)具有一電極本體（191)， .其中，該固定電極（12)具有一電極本體（121 )，該電 ••極本體（121)於第一彈簧座（11)間套設有一絕緣套筒（=)， 以防止電流分流。 、又其中，該螺桿（14)於第一彈簧座（11)相對第二彈 簧座（16)之另一端設有兩螺合件（14)，以防止螺桿（η〕 鬆脫。 " 丨當移動電極（19)受力（21)移動壓縮工件表面時，此 時壓料（17)會接觸到工件（18)的表面，會產生一壓缩 力然後壓_簧（15)開始被壓縮’使得銲接周圍 =壓：力(20)急、速增加，當固定電極（12)接觸到工件而 /、广接此時卫件會受到固定電極⑴^之锻壓力’使得 板壓力锻壓銲點及其周圍之軟化區域，而可得到平整的工 件0 =循環由壓縮力（20)、電極力（22)、鍛壓力㈣ 知接電流結束瞬間，鍛壓力開始作動，在銲接循環結束後 電極由相反的方a I$ °作動而移除力量，壓縮力（20 )、電極 (22 )與鍛壓力之作 作動耘序，如第三圖所示。 其中因電極套_ 同（23 )為強度較高且導熱性、導 銅電極不同之材質， 、 如石反鋼、不鏽鋼等；所以在銲揍不同 質、厚度組合之工株主 午寻，固定電極（12)所施的電極力與 麼力也會有所不同， 達到控制工件變形的目的，如第二 圖所示，銲接厚声^^ ~ X氯小的碳鋼類材質工件時，於銲接後可 J299683 ,.7推動移動電極（19 )，使得固定電極（12 )之鍛壓力呈現 多段狀，鍛壓銲點及其周圍之軟化區域，而可得到平整的工 ·. 另請參閱第三一2圖所示，如銲接不鏽鋼類材質工件時， •於辉接時可改變移動電極（19)之電流，使得銲接電流呈現 •夕奴狀’而固定電極（1 2 )之電極力在施加銲接電流過程中 維持固定，移動電極（19)於銲接後移動，以提高固定電極 (12)之鍛壓力，鍛壓銲點及其周圍之軟化區域，而可得到 φ平整的工件。 另請參閱第三-3圖所示，亦可隨著其它工件材質及厚度 的不同，同時推動移動電極（19)及改變移動電極（19)之 電流，使固定電極（12)之電極力與鍛壓力之作動呈現多段 狀。 \ 固定電極（12)、壓縮環（17)、移動電極（19)之尺寸 應依據銲點尺寸而變更’如第四圖所示，在銲點尺寸設定為 參直徑4_時，固定電極（12)的直徑為5随、壓縮環% 内徑為7.5咖，因此壓縮環（17)與固定電極（12)外徑間 的間隙（A)為1· 25 mm。 移動電極（19)的設計是為了降低電極面的變形，在直 徑10龍銅電極的外側使用外徑25 _碳鋼或其他強度較高 之材質包覆，使用緊密配合的方式組合。 透過電阻點銲製程接合不同厚度組合的碳鋼、不銹鋼薄 板，利用壓縮機構（10)及參數最佳化，達到控制點銲工件 時其中之一表面銲接變形的目的。 10 J299683 若單純以銲接參數（時間及電流）控制表面凹陷，而忽 略壓縮力與電極力的作用，對於變形控制則毫無意義，因為 表面最終所呈現的變形是壓縮力、電極力、銲接電流、辑接 時間及鍛壓力等交互作用所產生的综合結果。 本心明另提供-種鮮接材料之鲜接材料最佳锻壓力及 鲜接電流參數組合’其係藉由電阻點銲機⑴之電流控制 器（101)、多段壓力控制器（103)控制，於壓縮機構（1〇) 點鲜锻壓工件時，以會緣彡呈5丨 & 貫驗侍到之參數，精以由該參數鍛壓銲 點及其周圍之軟化區域，而可得到平整的工件。 而該銲接材f斗之最㈣壓力^接電&參數組合係可 直接寫入於電流控制器（101)與多段壓力控制器（103)中， 使該電阻點銲機⑴於銲接時，可直接達到適當鍛壓力鍛 壓銲點及其周圍之軟化區域。 以下便對銲接材料之最佳鍛壓力及銲接電流參數組合 以實驗結果加以說明： 碳鋼1mm-1_點銲之實驗參數如表i (附件一）所示。 由於為了要達到變形控制的目的，銲接參數均必須儘可能達 到最佳化，而各銲接參數與條件對於變形的影響分別討論如 下： 在碳鋼1_-1_點銲實驗甲，由試片A〇25可以發現， 當選定壓縮力為最佳值80 kgf之後，最佳之電極力為2〇〇 kgf，搭配適當的銲接電流及鍛壓力，工件變形量降低至符 合要求的7 。若是使用更高的25〇 kgf電極力時，對於 件變形量的影響相對較小 同時會因為工件表面過熱而發 1299683 生工件與固定電極沾黏的現象’因此無法使用較高的電極力 達到控制銲點變形的目的。 • 在妷鋼lmm〜lmm點銲實驗中，鍛壓力/持壓時間設定是 .在其他參數全部完成最佳化之後才&定，、經過前it的參數選 〇 後 口疋之參數包括·壓縮力8〇kgf，電極力200 電机/時間8· 2 kA/10 cycle，在銲接後鍛壓力為250 kgf ^ 11力而持壓9〇 ^。“時，工件表面之凹陷變形量可進一 _步降低為7 # m，已達到本實驗設定的目標。 藉由前述碳鋼lmm—lmm點銲之變形控制，已可初步歸納 出電流參數控制與三種力量組合（壓縮力、電極力與鍛壓 力）如何有效率地尋找出工件表面最小變形量之最佳參數 一 故即以相同之概念針對石岌鋼2 mm -1 mm之工件厚度組 合進行實驗，其實驗參數與結果如表2 (附件二）所示。 實驗結果顯示，3B 12b銲接參數組合如下： 減片3B12b :壓縮力50 kgf ;電極力250 kgf ;電流/ 瞻時間 7· 6 kA/10 cycie ;鍛壓力 35〇 kgf ;持壓 9〇 Cycles， 表面凹陷3 // m。 針對碳鋼0.5 mm-1 mm點銲尋找其表面變形最小之最佳 參數組合，多段鍛壓電阻點銲實驗結果顯示在表三（附件 三）°實驗結果發現若單純使用與前述相同之最佳參數尋找 方法’其銲接後之工件表面均會發生外凸内凹的現象。這是 由於工件的變形抵抗會影響凹陷的深度，當前表面為〇.5_ 薄板時，由於缺乏抵抗收縮應力的能力，因此表面會產生凸 起及較深的凹陷。 12 1299683 經過前述的參數選擇後，固定之參數包括：壓縮力50 kgf ’電極力100 kgf，電流/時間7· 1 kA/8 cycle，而試片 :C504將電極力增加至30 0 kgf持壓90cycles。多段鍛壓力 ’參數為；第一段（電流/時間7· 1 kA/8 cycle +鍛壓力100 k g f )第一丰又（電流/時間2 k A / 5 c y c 1 e +锻壓力1 5 〇 k g f )， 第二段（電流/時間2 kA/5 cycle+鍛壓力200 kgf)，第四 段（電流/時間2 kA/5 cycle+鍛壓力250 kgf )，第五段（無 電流+锻壓力300 kgf/90 cycle)。在此銲接參數組合下， ’工件表面之凹陷變形可降低至7 ，已符合本實驗設定之 標準。 由於不銹鋼相較於碳鋼而言，其高溫之機械強度較強， 造成銲接過程中膨脹與收縮效果較大，且其工件間介面電阻 亦與碳鋼不同，故若欲有效控制不銹鋼之較強膨脹收縮所造 成之變形，必須仔細考慮壓縮力、電極力對於不銹鋼變形控 制之作用。 王要疋應用於超過 般不銹鋼的多段電流點銲 的厚板，以避免單段電流產生的高熱量使軟化區域增加而 低強度。本實驗之第一段電流的設定是以形成接近“阳 徑的銲核為基準’後續的電流是希望使銲接區域軟化在 電極力作用下’能在銲接期間使變形減少，兩段電流間冷 時間除了參考文獻中對點銲韓鋼厚板的建議值外，並依 I驗結果進行適當之調整。不錄多段m 之貫驗參數如表四（附件四）所示。 使用多段電流實驗結果顯示：試片Em之最佳參數$ 13 1299683 合包括：壓縮力20 0 kgf，電極力450 fcgf，第—段（電流/ 時間7.8 kA/8 cycle)，間隔2巧…，第二段（電流/時間 6. 6 kA/4 cycle)，間隔 2 cycle，第三段（電流 /時間 6. 6 kA“ cycle)，第四段（無電流+鍛壓力65〇 kgf/9〇 。在 此實驗參數組合下，工件表面之凹陷變形可降低至丨#出。 由前述之不銹鋼1 1 mm點銲結果可得知，須使用多 段電流進行銲接，才能得到較佳之工件變形控制結果。由於 前表面為2韻板厚’相對於i随板厚具有更強的變形抵抗 能力，因此必須設定更高的壓縮力4〇〇 kgf及電極力“Ο kgf v不銹鋼2_-lmm多段電流點銲之實驗參數如表5(附件 五）所示。 實驗結果顯示，試片F908之最佳參數組合包括··壓縮 力綱姻，電極力550 kgf，第一段（電流/時間^能 cycle〇’間隔 2cycle，第二段（電流/時間 8 0kA/5cycie)， 間隔2cycle，第三段（電流/時間ukA/5cycle)。在此 實驗參數組合下’ H面之凹陷變形可降低至i ，已 符合本實驗所設定之標準。 對不錢鋼Q.5 mm-l mm點銲實驗亦使用多段電流進行鲜 接’不錢鋼1 nun-i _多段電流料之實驗參數如表6 (附 件六）所示。 實驗結果顯示，試片DQ11之最佳參數組合包括：塵縮 力 250 kg ί，電極力 ^ kgf 第一攸（電流/時間7. 8 kA/6 cycle)，間隔 2 cycle，箓-於 Γ φ+ Υ 弟一段（電流/時間5. 6 kA/4 cycle)， 間隔2 cycle，第：段f/ 士 杈1私/瓜/日守間5·6 kA/4 cycle)。在此 14 1299683 實驗參數組合下，工株本 符合本實驗所設定之標準。之凹陷變形可降低至2-，已 壓心此雷ΓΓ實驗中所自行研發製作之壓縮機構，配合 门1極力、鍛壓力與銲接參數之最佳化之後，銲接不 同尺寸組合之碳鋼、不銹 鋼/專板％，達到控制表面變形量均 低於1 0 // m的要求，除τ „ L 卩除了此使工件銲接完成後表面更為平 整外，亦能符合業界期雙夕i θ # 、 J J之兼具美観、牢固與減輕重量之需 求，而具有良好的銲接品質者。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係本發明之示意圖 第二圖係本發明壓縮結構之結構示意调 第二圖係壓縮力、電極力與鍛壓力之作動 第三―1圖係壓縮力、電極力與鍛壓力之另一作動圖 第三-2圖係壓縮力、電極力與鍛壓力之又一作動圖 第二-3圖係壓縮力、電極力與鍛壓力之再一作動圖 φ第四圖係上下侧電極與壓縮環組合圖 附件一係碳鋼1 mm— 1 mm電阻點銲實驗結果 附件二係碳鋼2 mm-1 mm電阻點銲實驗結果 附件三碳鋼0.5mm-1 mm多段鍛壓電阻點銲實驗結果 附件四係不銹鋼1 mm-1 mm多段電流電阻點銲實驗結果 附件五係不銹鋼2 mm-1 mm電阻點銲實驗結果 附件六係不錄鋼〇· 5mm-1 mm電阻點銲實驗結果 【主要元件符號說明】 (1 )電阻點銲機 15 1299683 ^ ( 1 Ο )壓縮機構 ' (11 )第一彈簧座 ~ ( 1 2 )固定電極 -(1 21 ) ( 1 9 1 )電極本體 -(1 3 )調整螺絲 (1 4 )螺桿 ’ (1 41 )螺合件 (1 5 )壓縮彈簧 Φ (16)第二彈簣座 (1 7 )壓縮環 (1 8 )工件 (19 )移動電極 (20)壓縮力 (21 )受力 (22)電極力 φ ( 23)電極套筒 (24)絕緣套筒 (1 0 1 )電流控制器 (103)多段壓力控制器J299683 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The technical method of the method is economical. The invention belongs to a kind of resistance spot welding, which can improve the production efficiency and the welding quality. [Prior Art] L·. 1 iiuiiibun -~ package "Some fresh, due to the rapid process, clean and manufacturing process The advantage of elasticity, the nickname is not a / This produces a strong structure at very low cost, and has since been widely used in the manufacturing process of sheet metal H Han 1 . For welding conditions requiring surface accuracy * shape / brother such as light rail The outer shell of the train has long abandoned the joint of the rivet to reduce the weight. ★ 0: Set the σ million type and use the spot welding, but the deformation of the surface of the workpiece after welding will be 5 丨Μ 响~ 响*, increase the follow-up treatment The procedure and the increase of production cost. It is shown in the related literature that the welding deformation of resistance spot welding is mainly due to the fact that after the formation of the weld nugget, the weld zone is still at a relatively high temperature, causing the workpiece to soften and the surface hardness and strength to decrease, because the electrode force is here. Under the action, the electrode is easy to fall into the surface of the workpiece and cause deformation. The depression caused by the extreme force of the meat is controllable but cannot be eliminated. If you want to carry out the addition of German 4 - , ', , Therefore, the cost and processing time will increase greatly. Therefore, how to reduce the deformation of the workpiece during the electric point cup process is the main goal of the current research. In this way, in 2004, an eclipse was also in the Russian literature (V· Ρ · Berez i neko, 2004 ) 'Using a compression mechanism, s finely knowing the surrounding area, changing the stress-strain state of the weld zone, thereby reducing the depth of the surface of the workpiece. - The results of the inspection show that the compression mechanism is utilized. When compressing the surface of the workpiece, the compression range is the circumference of the workpiece solder joint or 'or although it helps to eliminate the depth of the recess on the surface of the workpiece, but the depression of the re-twist + ^ is still quite obvious, and actually is formed by welding 1299683. After that, the surface of the workpiece will be formed into a load, 1> If the shape is not 砚, according to the literature, the flatness of the solder joint is convex ^ ^ & & & & & & & 事 事 事 事 事 事 事 事 事 事 事 事 事 事 事, the work test, in view of the above existing fresh joints, problems to explore and study, and the production of the surface of the depression caused by the depth of the test and change ρ #故W Bei's brother to find a solution, after many times measured a Han sigh, finally刽Deformation control method. τ does improve the above-mentioned missing resistance point [SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION] The main object of the present invention is the compression mechanism used in the μ method, which can cover the electric control degree, and achieve the naked eye and the tactile sensation. The depth of the surface of the workpiece is deep in order to improve the quality of the material. The shape control side, the χ明 system provides a kind of resistance spot welding, the second changer = the machine shrinkage mechanism is in the spot welding process of the electric resistance welding machine, the spear J The appropriate forging pressure of the compression mechanism, the r is the best welding joint X of the welding material and the softening zone of the electric fence. The pressure controller and the current controller, when the fresh connection is == the machine is multi-stage current for the forging Fresh spots and softening areas around them: and 'the power and the whole. q, and the workpiece can be made flater. The invention provides a fixed-spinning cyanium seat at the central position and is provided with a solid-elastic seat. The setting is provided with an adjusting screw, and the adjusting screw is provided at the appropriate position on the circumference. The rod body is provided with a plurality of retractable bombs; _ second elastic bodhisattva: ... and the compression springs abut against each other at the edge of the screw /" 'the second spring seat circumference compression ring, the compression ring is abutted against the yellow The center (4) of the seat is provided with - dry, and the workpiece is pressed against a workpiece to move 6 1299683 moving electrode, so that the moving electrode package is not strong, and the electrode sleeve is stronger than the south and the thermal conductivity and the copper electrode are not asked. , by (4) electric workpiece W # & moving the electrode to move, so that the compression ring contacts the surface of the upper part, then the spring starts...] increase, the play + the compression force around the thousand zinc point, the rapid field contact Go to the lower workpiece value, and then move the electrode to do six ' 曰, the contraction force reaches the preset... The increased force is the electrode force, and its effect is after the heat stops... The nozzle holds the fixed pressure between the workpieces. When the welding current is applied, the moving electrode is applied higher to 丨ί锃Μ n to take the knife, so that the fixed electrode is pressed against the defect and the surrounding softening zone. And - to make the surface of the workpiece more flat, deep with the original Mao Ming also provide a Ting to the Guzu Xixian parameter combination, 1 series of "(4) force and welding current number (four) 〃 welding machine multi-stage pressure controller and current control The number system 'in the compression (four) spot welding "workpiece, the experimentally obtained ginseng straw forging parameters from this parameter and 1 flat 敕 from. and, around the softened area, can get + I workpiece, in line with industry expectations [Embodiment] First, as shown in the first to fourth 闯仏-si, a (two) brother four maps, the present invention provides a resistor, the fresh deformation control method used in the fine mechanism, In the resistance welding machine (1) 』zinc workpiece (18), the workpiece (丨8) is compressed by the electrode pressure n (2 0), and the workpiece f is spot-welded by the electrode force (22).仵(18), the workpiece (18) is shaped and softened, and a softened area is forged by a suitable forging pressure of the mechanism (1G) by a pressing green j to reduce the depression of the surface of the workpiece (18). The surface of the workpiece is flatter. 'Refer to the first figure, the resistance spot welder (1) is connected to one. Current control - with a multi-stage pressure controller (1〇3), with the optimum forging pressure and welding current parameters of welding material J299683, and 5 control current controller (1 〇i) and multi-stage pressure control (i 03), change the forging pressure and the electrode force (22) at #接接, to forge the solder joint and the softening around it. The 'welding parameters include: compression force: during the welding, the shrink ring acts on the workpiece The force of the surface. Electrode force: When the compressive force reaches the preset value, the pressure that continues to increase after moving the electrode is the electrode force, which is to maintain the fixed pressure between the workpieces during the application of the welding current. When the current stops, the electrode still acts on the surface of the workpiece. Holding phase ··Forging pressure period. Multi-welding current: The forward current applied during the forging action. Please refer to the second and fourth figures. The present invention provides a compression mechanism used in a shape control method for resistance spot welding. The compression mechanism ((1) includes a first spring seat (11), and the first spring seat (11) is worn at a central position. Mouth electrode (1 2 ), and an adjustment screw (13) is provided at a suitable position on the circumference. The adjustment screw (13) is provided for a screw (14), and a compression spring (15) is disposed on the shaft of the screw cup (14). a second spring seat (16), the periphery of the second spring seat (丨6) and the compression spring (15) abut each other, so that the first spring seat (11) and the second spring seat (16) have a compression distance, and a central portion of the second spring seat (16) is provided with an I, a ring (1 7 ), the compression ring (17) abuts against a workpiece (18), and on the member (18) Pressed to have a moving electrode (19), and the moving electrode (ig) 1299683 is coated with a well-conducting electrode sleeve (23). The moving electrode (19) has an electrode body (191), wherein the fixed electrode (12) has an electrode body (121), and the electrode body (121) is in the first spring seat (11) An insulating sleeve (=) is provided between the sleeves to prevent current shunting. Further, the screw (14) is provided with two screwing members (14) at the other end of the first spring seat (11) opposite to the second spring seat (16) to prevent the screw (η) from coming loose. " When the moving electrode (19) is forced to compress the surface of the workpiece by force (21), the pressing material (17) will contact the surface of the workpiece (18), and a compressive force will be generated and then the spring (15) will begin to be compressed. Make the welding around = pressure: force (20) increase sharply and rapidly, when the fixed electrode (12) contacts the workpiece and /, the welcoming member will be subjected to the forging pressure of the fixed electrode (1) ^ to make the plate pressure forging joint And the softening area around it, and the flat workpiece can be obtained. 0 = cycle is composed of compressive force (20), electrode force (22), forging pressure (4). At the end of the current, the forging pressure starts to act. After the end of the welding cycle, the electrode is The opposite side a I$ ° acts to remove the force, compression force (20), electrode (22) and forging pressure as shown in the third figure. Among them, the electrode sleeve _ the same as (23) is the strength Higher and thermal conductivity, different materials for copper electrodes, such as stone anti-steel, stainless steel, etc.; For the meridian of the homogenous and thick combination, the electrode force and the force applied by the fixed electrode (12) will be different, and the purpose of controlling the deformation of the workpiece can be achieved. As shown in the second figure, the welding thick sound ^^ ~ X chlorine When a small carbon steel material is used, the moving electrode (19) can be pushed by J299683, .7 after welding, so that the forging pressure of the fixed electrode (12) is multi-stage, and the forging joint and the softened area around it can be obtained. Flattening work ·. Please also refer to Figure 3-1. For example, when welding stainless steel workpieces, • the current of the moving electrode (19) can be changed during the fusion connection, so that the welding current is presented as a The electrode force of the electrode (12) is maintained fixed during the application of the welding current, and the moving electrode (19) moves after welding to increase the forging pressure of the fixed electrode (12), the forging joint and the softened region around it, and Obtain a flat workpiece of φ. Please refer to the third to third figure, and also move the electrode (19) and change the current of the moving electrode (19) with different workpiece materials and thicknesses to make the fixed electrode ( 12) Electrode force The forging pressure acts in multiple segments. \ The dimensions of the fixed electrode (12), compression ring (17), and moving electrode (19) should be changed according to the size of the solder joints. As shown in the fourth figure, the solder joint size is set to When the diameter is 4 mm, the diameter of the fixed electrode (12) is 5, and the inner diameter of the compression ring is 7.5 ga, so the gap (A) between the outer diameter of the compression ring (17) and the fixed electrode (12) is 1.25 mm. The moving electrode (19) is designed to reduce the deformation of the electrode surface, and is coated with an outer diameter of 25 _ carbon steel or other high-strength material on the outer side of the diameter 10 copper-copper electrode, and combined by a tight fit. The spot welding process joins carbon steel and stainless steel sheets of different thickness combinations, and the compression mechanism (10) and parameters are optimized to achieve the purpose of controlling the welding deformation of one of the surfaces when welding the workpiece. 10 J299683 If the welding surface (time and current) is used to control the surface depression, and the effect of compression force and electrode force is neglected, it is meaningless for deformation control, because the deformation finally exhibited by the surface is compressive force, electrode force and welding current. The combined results of interactions such as time and forging pressure. Benxin Ming also provides a combination of the best forging pressure and fresh current parameters of the fresh material of the fresh material. It is controlled by the current controller (101) of the resistance spot welding machine (1) and the multi-stage pressure controller (103). When the workpiece is freshly forged in the compression mechanism (1〇), the parameters of the 丨 彡 彡 丨 丨 贯 , , , , , , , , , , 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数 参数The artifact. The most (four) pressure ^ power & parameter combination of the welding material f can be directly written into the current controller (101) and the multi-stage pressure controller (103), so that the resistance spot welding machine (1) is welded, The suitable forging pressure forging joints and the softened areas around them can be directly achieved. The following is the experimental results of the combination of the optimum forging pressure and welding current parameters of the welding material: The experimental parameters of carbon steel 1mm-1_ spot welding are shown in Table i (Annex 1). In order to achieve the purpose of deformation control, the welding parameters must be optimized as much as possible, and the effects of each welding parameter and condition on deformation are discussed as follows: In carbon steel 1_-1_ spot welding test A, from test piece A 〇25 It can be found that after the selected compression force is the optimum value of 80 kgf, the optimum electrode force is 2 〇〇kgf, and with the appropriate welding current and forging pressure, the workpiece deformation amount is reduced to meet the requirements of 7 . If a higher 25 〇kgf electrode force is used, the influence on the deformation amount of the part is relatively small, and the workpiece surface and the fixed electrode are stuck due to overheating of the workpiece surface. Therefore, it is impossible to control with a higher electrode force. The purpose of solder joint deformation. • In the lmm~lmm spot welding experiment of Handan Iron and Steel, the forging pressure/holding time setting is set. After all the other parameters have been optimized, the parameters of the forging parameters are selected. Compression force 8 〇 kgf, electrode force 200 motor / time 8 · 2 kA / 10 cycle, after welding, forging pressure is 250 kgf ^ 11 force and holding pressure 9 〇 ^. “When the surface deformation of the workpiece surface can be reduced to 7 # m, it has reached the target set in this experiment. With the deformation control of the carbon steel lmm-1mm spot welding, the current parameter control can be preliminarily summarized. How to combine the three force combinations (compression force, electrode force and forging pressure) to find the best parameters for the minimum deformation of the workpiece surface, so that the same concept can be used for the workpiece thickness combination of 2 mm -1 mm The experimental parameters and results are shown in Table 2 (Annex 2). The experimental results show that the welding parameters of 3B 12b are as follows: minus 3B12b: compressive force 50 kgf; electrode force 250 kgf; current / time of observation 7·6 kA /10 cycie; forging pressure 35〇kgf; holding pressure 9〇Cycles, surface depression 3 // m. For the carbon steel 0.5 mm-1 mm spot welding, find the best parameter combination with the smallest surface deformation, multi-section forging resistance spot welding experiment The results are shown in Table 3 (Annex 3). The experimental results show that if the same optimal parameter finding method as described above is used, the surface of the workpiece after welding will be convex and concave. This is due to the deformation of the workpiece. The resistance affects the depth of the depression. When the current surface is 〇.5_ thin plate, due to the lack of ability to resist shrinkage stress, the surface will have protrusions and deep depressions. 12 1299683 After the above parameters are selected, the fixed parameters include: Compression force 50 kgf 'electrode force 100 kgf, current / time 7 · 1 kA / 8 cycle, and test piece: C504 increases the electrode force to 30 0 kgf holding pressure 90 cycles. Multi-stage forging pressure 'parameters; first segment (current / time 7 · 1 kA / 8 cycle + forging pressure 100 kgf ) first abundance (current / time 2 k A / 5 cyc 1 e + forging pressure 1 5 〇 kgf), second segment (current / time 2 kA / 5 cycle + forging pressure 200 kgf), fourth segment (current / time 2 kA/5 cycle + forging pressure 250 kgf), fifth segment (no current + forging pressure 300 kgf / 90 cycle). Under this welding parameter combination, ' The deformation of the surface of the workpiece can be reduced to 7 and has met the standards set in this experiment. Since stainless steel has higher mechanical strength at high temperature than carbon steel, it has a large effect of expansion and contraction during welding, and its workpiece The inter-layer resistance is also different from that of carbon steel, so if you want To control the deformation caused by the strong expansion and contraction of stainless steel, careful consideration must be given to the effect of compression force and electrode force on the deformation control of stainless steel. Wang Yaoyu is applied to thick plates of multi-section current spot welding of more than ordinary stainless steel to avoid single-stage current generation. The high heat increases the softening area and the low strength. The first stage of the experiment is set to form a current close to the "solder core of the weld" and the subsequent current is expected to soften the weld area under the action of the electrode force. The deformation is reduced during the welding, and the two-stage current cooling time is adjusted in addition to the recommended value of the spot-welded Korean steel thick plate in the reference. The test parameters for not recording multiple segments m are shown in Table 4 (Annex IV). The results of multi-segment current experiments show that the best parameter of the test piece Em is $13 1299683, including: compressive force 20 0 kgf, electrode force 450 fcgf, first segment (current / time 7.8 kA/8 cycle), interval 2 coincidence... The second stage (current / time 6. 6 kA / 4 cycle), interval 2 cycle, the third stage (current / time 6.6 kA "cycle", the fourth stage (no current + forging pressure 65 〇 kgf / 9 〇 Under the combination of the experimental parameters, the deformation of the surface of the workpiece can be reduced to 丨#. From the above-mentioned stainless steel 1 1 mm spot welding results, it can be known that multiple sections of current must be used for welding to obtain better workpiece deformation control results. Since the front surface is 2 thick plate thickness 'relative to i with stronger deformation resistance with the plate thickness, it is necessary to set a higher compression force 4 〇〇 kgf and electrode force "Ο kgf v stainless steel 2_-lmm multi-segment current spot welding The experimental parameters are shown in Table 5 (Annex V). The experimental results show that the optimal parameter combination of the test piece F908 includes ································ 2cycle interval, second segment (current/time 8 0kA/5cycie), 2cycles, 3rd section (current/time ukA/5cycle). Under this experimental parameter combination, the deformation of the 'H-face can be reduced to i, which has met the standard set by this experiment. For Q.5 mm- The l mm spot welding experiment also uses multi-stage current for fresh connection. The experimental parameters of the 1 nun-i _ multi-stage current material are shown in Table 6 (Annex 6). The experimental results show that the optimal parameter combination of the test piece DQ11 includes : Dust reduction force 250 kg ί, electrode force ^ kgf first 攸 (current / time 7.8 kA / 6 cycle), interval 2 cycle, 箓-Γ Γ φ+ Υ 弟 弟 (current / time 5. 6 kA / 4 cycle), interval 2 cycle, section: segment f / gentry 1 private / melon / day shoujian 5 · 6 kA / 4 cycle). Under the 14 1299683 experimental parameter combination, the plant is in accordance with the experimental set Standard. The deformation of the depression can be reduced to 2-, and the compression mechanism developed by the Thunder experiment has been pressed. After the optimization of the door 1 force, forging pressure and welding parameters, the carbon steel of different size combinations is welded. , stainless steel / special board %, to achieve the control surface deformation is less than 10 @ m, except τ „ L 卩This makes the surface of the workpiece more flat after welding, and it can also meet the needs of the industry's two-day i θ #, JJ, which has the advantages of beauty, firmness and light weight, and has good welding quality. [Simplified illustration] The first diagram is a schematic view of the present invention. The second diagram is a schematic diagram of the structure of the compression structure of the present invention. The second diagram is the compression force, the electrode force and the forging pressure. The third-first system is a compression force, an electrode force and a forging pressure. A third diagram of the actuation diagram, the compression force, the electrode force and the forging pressure, the second actuation diagram, the compression force, the electrode force and the forging pressure, the second actuation diagram, the fourth diagram, the upper and lower electrodes and Compression ring combination diagram Annex 1 carbon steel 1 mm - 1 mm resistance spot welding test results Annex 2 carbon steel 2 mm-1 mm resistance spot welding test results Annex three carbon steel 0.5mm-1 mm multi-section forging resistance spot welding experiment results Annex 4 series stainless steel 1 mm-1 mm multi-segment current resistance spot welding test results Annex five series stainless steel 2 mm-1 mm resistance spot welding test results Annex six is not recorded steel 〇 · 5mm-1 mm resistance spot welding test results [main components Symbol Description] (1) Resistance spot welding 15 1299683 ^ ( 1 Ο ) Compression mechanism ' (11 ) First spring seat ~ ( 1 2 ) Fixed electrode - (1 21 ) ( 1 9 1 ) Electrode body - (1 3 ) Adjustment screw (1 4 ) Screw ' 1 41 ) screwing member (1 5 ) compression spring Φ (16) second magazine seat (17) compression ring (18) workpiece (19) moving electrode (20) compression force (21) force (22) Electrode force φ ( 23) Electrode sleeve (24) Insulation sleeve (1 0 1 ) Current controller (103) Multi-stage pressure controller