TWI282377B - Etchant, replenishment solution and method for producing copper wiring using the same - Google Patents
Etchant, replenishment solution and method for producing copper wiring using the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI282377B TWI282377B TW093121488A TW93121488A TWI282377B TW I282377 B TWI282377 B TW I282377B TW 093121488 A TW093121488 A TW 093121488A TW 93121488 A TW93121488 A TW 93121488A TW I282377 B TWI282377 B TW I282377B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- etchant
- liter
- etching
- same
- Prior art date
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/10—Etching compositions
- C23F1/14—Aqueous compositions
- C23F1/16—Acidic compositions
- C23F1/18—Acidic compositions for etching copper or alloys thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K13/00—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions
- C09K13/04—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions containing an inorganic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/02—Local etching
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/0011—Working of insulating substrates or insulating layers
- H05K3/0017—Etching of the substrate by chemical or physical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/02—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
- H05K3/06—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding the conductive material being removed chemically or electrolytically, e.g. by photo-etch process
- H05K3/067—Etchants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/12—Using specific substances
- H05K2203/122—Organic non-polymeric compounds, e.g. oil, wax or thiol
- H05K2203/124—Heterocyclic organic compounds, e.g. azole, furan
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
An etchant for copper and copper alloys, includes an aqueous solution containing: 14 to 155 g/liter of cupric ion source in terms of a concentration of copper ions; 7 to 180 g/liter of hydrochloric acid; and 0.1 to 50 g/liter of azoic, the azole including nitrogen atoms only as heteroatoms residing in a ring. A method for producing a wiring by etching of copper or copper alloys, includes the step of: etching a portion (2a) of a copper layer (2) on an electrical insulative member (1) that is not covered with an etching resist (3) using the above-described etchant so as to form the wiring (4). Thereby, a fine and dense wiring pattern with reduced undercut can be formed.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003280118 | 2003-07-25 | ||
| JP2004124375 | 2004-04-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW200504245A TW200504245A (en) | 2005-02-01 |
| TWI282377B true TWI282377B (en) | 2007-06-11 |
Family
ID=33492510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW093121488A TWI282377B (en) | 2003-07-25 | 2004-07-19 | Etchant, replenishment solution and method for producing copper wiring using the same |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7431861B2 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP2226410A1 (en) |
| KR (2) | KR20050012682A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100459068C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE602004030861D1 (en) |
| SG (1) | SG108989A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI282377B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI422711B (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2014-01-11 | Mec Co Ltd | Etching solution and conductor pattern formation method |
Families Citing this family (41)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005086551A1 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2005-09-15 | Ibiden Co., Ltd. | Etching solution, method of etching and printed wiring board |
| KR101199533B1 (en) | 2005-06-22 | 2012-11-09 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Echant and method for fabricating interconnection line and method for fabricating thin film transistor substrate using the same |
| US7632796B2 (en) | 2005-10-28 | 2009-12-15 | Dynaloy, Llc | Dynamic multi-purpose composition for the removal of photoresists and method for its use |
| US8263539B2 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2012-09-11 | Dynaloy, Llc | Dynamic multi-purpose composition for the removal of photoresists and methods for its use |
| US7674755B2 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2010-03-09 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Formulation for removal of photoresist, etch residue and BARC |
| KR20070088245A (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-29 | 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 | Polishing liquid for metal |
| KR101001875B1 (en) * | 2006-09-30 | 2010-12-17 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | Fine pattern formation method using isotropic etching and a semiconductor substrate surface member having a fine pattern manufactured using the same |
| CN100466182C (en) * | 2007-01-04 | 2009-03-04 | 北京京东方光电科技有限公司 | Manufacturing method of metal wire, electrode and thin film transistor array substrate |
| US7655608B2 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2010-02-02 | Dynaloy, Llc | Reduced metal etch rates using stripper solutions containing a copper salt |
| JP5398549B2 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2014-01-29 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | Etching solution, pre-etching treatment solution and etching method for copper or copper alloy |
| JP4916455B2 (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2012-04-11 | 株式会社Adeka | Etching composition for copper-containing materials |
| CN101952484B (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2014-05-07 | 三菱制纸株式会社 | Etching method |
| JP4521460B2 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2010-08-11 | メック株式会社 | Etching solution and method of forming copper wiring using the same |
| KR101135798B1 (en) * | 2008-02-20 | 2012-04-16 | 멕크 가부시키가이샤 | Etching solution, and method for forming copper wiring using the same |
| TWI450052B (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2014-08-21 | 黛納羅伊有限責任公司 | Stripping solution for efficient post-stage process |
| JP5443863B2 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2014-03-19 | 株式会社Adeka | Etching composition for copper-containing material and method for etching copper-containing material |
| JP4685180B2 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2011-05-18 | 株式会社Adeka | Etching composition for copper-containing material and method for etching copper-containing material |
| EP2537960B1 (en) * | 2010-02-15 | 2015-04-01 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | ETCHING SOLUTION and etching method FOR MULTILAYER THIN FILM HAVING COPPER LAYER AND MOLYBDENUM LAYER CONTAINED THEREIN |
| TWI539493B (en) | 2010-03-08 | 2016-06-21 | 黛納羅伊有限責任公司 | Method and composition for doping a germanium substrate having a molecular monolayer |
| JP5667927B2 (en) * | 2011-05-20 | 2015-02-12 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Treatment liquid for forming migration suppression layer, and method for producing laminate having migration suppression layer |
| CN102291952B (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2013-04-24 | 奥士康精密电路(惠州)有限公司 | Method for preparing multi-layer PCB (printed circuit board) |
| JP2013104104A (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-30 | Mec Kk | Etching solution, replenishment solution, and method for forming copper wiring |
| CN103255417B (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2016-01-20 | 江阴润玛电子材料股份有限公司 | A kind of acid molybdenum aluminium-molybdenum etching liquid and preparation technology thereof |
| US8877075B2 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2014-11-04 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Apparatuses and methods for gas mixed liquid polishing, etching, and cleaning |
| CN104769159B (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2017-09-19 | Mec股份有限公司 | The forming method of etching solution, bulking liquor and copper wiring |
| JP5576525B1 (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-08-20 | メルテックス株式会社 | Copper etchant |
| US9301399B2 (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2016-03-29 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Method of treating wiring substrate and wiring substrate manufactured by the same |
| KR101318733B1 (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-10-18 | 주식회사 에이씨엠 | Ethant composition comprising organic copper complex |
| TWI487811B (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-11 | Chem Entpr Corp E | Etching solution capable of effectively reducing galvanic effect |
| CN103952702A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-07-30 | 深圳市实锐泰科技有限公司 | Etching liquid and method for etching fine lines of flexible circuit board by using same |
| CN104278273A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2015-01-14 | 叶涛 | Circuit board low-acid high-efficiency acidic cupric chloride etching solution |
| JP6000420B1 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2016-09-28 | メック株式会社 | Etching solution, replenisher, and method for forming copper wiring |
| CN105479965B (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2018-12-25 | 东莞运城制版有限公司 | Copper chloride corrosion device and corrosion method for printing roller |
| CN111655903B (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2025-11-07 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | Aqueous solution for surface treatment, method for producing surface-treated alloy, composite and method for producing composite |
| CN111155091A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-05-15 | Tcl华星光电技术有限公司 | Etching solution, additive and method for making metal wiring |
| CN114381736A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-22 | 安捷利(番禺)电子实业有限公司 | Titanium-copper alloy etching solution and etching method |
| KR102758097B1 (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2025-01-22 | (주)풍원 | Etching fluid, replenishing fluid, and method for forming copper wiring |
| CN114672807A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-06-28 | 深圳市板明科技股份有限公司 | Organic acid super-roughening micro-etching solution with high copper content and application thereof |
| CN115323377B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-11-24 | 昆山市板明电子科技有限公司 | Flashing liquid medicine and preparation method thereof |
| KR102815339B1 (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2025-06-04 | 해성디에스 주식회사 | Etchant composition for copper-containing metal and etching method using the same |
| CN116732520B (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-11-14 | 昆山市板明电子科技有限公司 | Long-acting side etching inhibition additive for acid etching solution, preparation method and application |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5221460B1 (en) * | 1971-04-26 | 1977-06-10 | ||
| DE2557269A1 (en) | 1975-12-19 | 1977-06-30 | Licentia Gmbh | Copper etching solution for printed circuits - contains ferric chloride or cupric chloride together with an acid and benzotriazole |
| DE3623504A1 (en) * | 1986-07-09 | 1988-01-21 | Schering Ag | Copper etching solutions |
| JPS63121679A (en) * | 1986-11-10 | 1988-05-25 | Sumitomo Precision Prod Co Ltd | Method for regenerating etching solution of cupric chloride |
| JP3387528B2 (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 2003-03-17 | 朝日化学工業株式会社 | Composition for etching copper or copper alloy and method for etching the same |
| JP3225471B2 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 2001-11-05 | 旭電化工業株式会社 | Copper dissolving agent |
| JPH06312679A (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-11-08 | Suzuki Motor Corp | Auxiliary lamp integrated speed meter for motorcycle |
| RU2102530C1 (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 1998-01-20 | Элеонора Герцевна Зак | Method of cleansing and inhibition of articles made of copper and copper-steel wire |
| JP2781954B2 (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 1998-07-30 | メック株式会社 | Copper and copper alloy surface treatment agent |
| JP3109430B2 (en) | 1996-01-26 | 2000-11-13 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Method of regenerating etching solution and method of using the regenerating solution |
| US6162366A (en) * | 1997-12-25 | 2000-12-19 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Etching process |
| JP3535755B2 (en) | 1997-12-25 | 2004-06-07 | キヤノン株式会社 | Etching method |
| US6156221A (en) * | 1998-10-02 | 2000-12-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Copper etching compositions, processes and products derived therefrom |
| US6444140B2 (en) * | 1999-03-17 | 2002-09-03 | Morton International Inc. | Micro-etch solution for producing metal surface topography |
| JP2000282265A (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-10 | Mec Kk | Copper or copper alloy microetchant and surface treatment method using the same |
| US6410442B1 (en) * | 1999-08-18 | 2002-06-25 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Mask-less differential etching and planarization of copper films |
| JP4687852B2 (en) * | 2001-06-25 | 2011-05-25 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | Surface treatment agent for copper and copper alloys |
| JP2003105569A (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | Copper-containing metal material surface roughener and surface treatment method for copper-containing metal material |
-
2004
- 2004-07-19 TW TW093121488A patent/TWI282377B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-07-21 EP EP10006632A patent/EP2226410A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-07-21 DE DE602004030861T patent/DE602004030861D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-21 EP EP04017218A patent/EP1500719B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-22 US US10/896,465 patent/US7431861B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-23 SG SG200404344A patent/SG108989A1/en unknown
- 2004-07-23 KR KR1020040057740A patent/KR20050012682A/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-07-26 CN CNB2004100586404A patent/CN100459068C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2008
- 2008-04-28 KR KR1020080039452A patent/KR100946873B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI422711B (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2014-01-11 | Mec Co Ltd | Etching solution and conductor pattern formation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7431861B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 |
| KR20080056117A (en) | 2008-06-20 |
| KR20050012682A (en) | 2005-02-02 |
| CN100459068C (en) | 2009-02-04 |
| KR100946873B1 (en) | 2010-03-09 |
| DE602004030861D1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
| CN1576395A (en) | 2005-02-09 |
| US20050016961A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
| EP1500719B1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
| EP1500719A1 (en) | 2005-01-26 |
| SG108989A1 (en) | 2005-02-28 |
| HK1074224A1 (en) | 2005-11-04 |
| TW200504245A (en) | 2005-02-01 |
| EP2226410A1 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| TWI282377B (en) | Etchant, replenishment solution and method for producing copper wiring using the same | |
| TW200502437A (en) | Solution for etching copper surfaces and method of depositing metal on copper surfaces | |
| KR100354121B1 (en) | Thiazole- and thiocarbamide-based chemicals for use with oxidative etchant solutions | |
| KR940021765A (en) | Self-accelerated and rechargeable formaldehyde-free impregnated metal plating methods and compositions therefor | |
| EP1194021A3 (en) | Method of producing multilayer printed wiring board and multilayer printed wiring board | |
| WO2007095439A3 (en) | Electrochemical etching of circuitry for high density interconnect electronic modules | |
| TW200520662A (en) | Multi-layer printed circuit board and fabricating method thereof | |
| WO2004027840A3 (en) | Process for etching silicon wafers | |
| WO2002055762A3 (en) | Electrochemical co-deposition of metals for electronic device manufacture | |
| EP1482771A3 (en) | Metal/ceramic circuit board and method for producing same | |
| EP0349600B1 (en) | Improved copper etchant compositions | |
| Karmalkar et al. | A study of immersion processes of activating polished crystalline silicon for autocatalytic electroless deposition of palladium and other metals | |
| TW200728514A (en) | Method of coating a surface of a substrate with a metal by electroplating | |
| WO2019013160A1 (en) | Copper etching liquid | |
| TW200603707A (en) | Printed circuit board and method for manufacturing printed circuit board | |
| TW200507715A (en) | Manufacturing method of printed circuit board | |
| MY122999A (en) | Copper foil for use in laser beam drilling | |
| TW200607413A (en) | Etching removal method and etching liquid used in the manufacture of a printed wiring board by semiadditive method | |
| SG94868A1 (en) | Electrochemical etch for high tin solder bumps | |
| CN101195917B (en) | Method for etching copper or copper alloy | |
| JP2006013307A (en) | Circuit forming etching solution for subtractive method | |
| MY134087A (en) | Pcb method and apparatus for producing landless interconnects | |
| AU2337100A (en) | Copper recovery process | |
| JP3565302B2 (en) | Electroless gold plating method | |
| TW200516177A (en) | Improved methods of cleaning copper surfaces in the manufacture of printed circuit boards |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK4A | Expiration of patent term of an invention patent |