TW568928B - Continuous melt process for fabricating ionically conductive articles - Google Patents
Continuous melt process for fabricating ionically conductive articles Download PDFInfo
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- TW568928B TW568928B TW089103688A TW89103688A TW568928B TW 568928 B TW568928 B TW 568928B TW 089103688 A TW089103688 A TW 089103688A TW 89103688 A TW89103688 A TW 89103688A TW 568928 B TW568928 B TW 568928B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Landscapes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
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- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Description
568928 A7 B7 五、發明說明(1 ) 登明範疇 本發明係關於一種使包含離聚物之傳導性組合物熔融形 成多層電化學電池之方法,該電池適於在,如,電池、燃 料電池、電解電池、離子交換膜、感測器、電化學電容器 及改良電極等電化學應用中使用。其中特別關於的係在鋰 電池中的用途。 技藝背景 庫克(Cook)等人之美國專利説明書4,818,643揭示一種聚 合物電解質物質及/或陰極物質之擠壓方法,此等物質連 續或藉共擠壓作用而視需要地擠壓在電池(包含集電器)之 其他組份上。其中之實例8説明在第二擠壓步驟中,碳酸 丙二酯對聚氧化乙晞及鹽之熔融摻合物之加入作用。 苟茲帝(Gozdz)等人之美國專利説明書5,418,〇91揭示一種,, 乾膜’’方法,其包含暫時增塑劑在含亞乙烯氟(VF2)及六氟 丙晞(HFP)之共聚物之電解質組合物中之使用,該暫時增 塑劑係用來在除去固體聚合物後,於其内提供空隙,且^ 暫時增塑劑係在後來步驟中除去,然後接著被收濕性鋰溶 液替代。該暫時增塑劑容許電咚形成方法之早期步驟進 行而不必過度擔心濕氣。句茲帝未揭示溶融擠壓方法。 —史庫茲(Schmutz)等人之美國專利説明書5,47〇,357揭示苟 茲帝在所例舉工作中之組合物之熔融擠壓作用。史庫茲等 人敎導一種以聚合物溶液預處理集電器以幫助層疊作用之 方法,該聚合物類似於固態聚合物電解質之聚合物。層疊 作用可使用壓延滾筒來實行。方法之其他方面類似於^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) t 訂---------線· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -4- 568928 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 五、發明說明(2 帝的。 、飢姆(Chem)等人之W0 97/44847揭示一種形成適於在電 池中使用之活性電極之擠壓方法,方法包括將非離子性聚 合物、電極-活性物質、鹽及有機碳碳酸酯混合並將混合 物餵入擠壓器<進料區、在其内混合拼料及擠壓成適於與 電池之其他組份層疊之膜。 孰勒(Keller)等人之美國專利説明書5,725,822揭示活性電 極組合物之擠壓作用,方法包括將(非離子性)聚合物、電 極-活性物質、鹽及有機碳酸酯之混合物餵入螺旋擠壓器 之上游末端,及在下游氣門餵入另外溶劑(或可能係聚合 物和洛劑之混合物)。調整第一個進料步驟中溶劑之量, 以提供受到會使良好混合作用發生之充分切變之熔融物, 及凋整餵入第二個步驟之溶劑之量,以便於使溶劑之總量 表示成品電極物質中最終量。擠壓之電極可沉積在集電器 上及/或以固態聚合物電解質層之形式塗覆。由如此擠壓 之組份製成之鋰電池組合亦揭示。 竇爾(Doyle)等人之W〇 98/2〇573揭示用以形成電化學電 池之電極及分離器之全氟離聚物之用途。特定言之,採用 鋰離聚物以形成鋰離子電池。電極及分離器係藉由在基質 上澆錡溶液及分散液,接著係乾燥步驟,依次接著係溶劑 接觸步驟而形成。使此等組份成爲電化學電池之結合亦揭 示〇 發明概述 本發明提供形成成形物件之方法,該方法包括·· —.—,--------------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -5- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 568928 B7 ___ 五、發明說明(8 ) 圈’其中Rf,係以式-(Rf,,S〇2N_(M + )s〇2)mRf,"表示之基,其中 m = 0或卜且Rf”係CnF2n而Rf”’係1匕+丨,每一皆視須要被一 或多個氫原子替代,其中n==M〇。 及Z係CN或C02R3,其中R3係C2H5,然而當X係Ν,γ較佳 係S〇2Rf,其中r^CF3或且或鹼金屬陽離子。 M +最佳係㈣離子。最佳的制全|^化乙氧基丙基乙 烯基醚(Li-PSEPVE)及其甲基化物和醯亞胺衍生物,如前 述說明。 更包·含在本發明中的係更包含〇 _ 2 〇莫耳%選自下列各物 之單體單元之聚合物:四氟乙烯、三氟乙烯、氯三氟乙 烯、氟乙烯、六氟丙諦、全氟甲基乙烯基、全氟乙基乙埽 基醚、乙婦、丙烯、1 ·辛烯、異丁烯、乙基乙烯基醚、丙烯 酸及其烷基醚、和甲基丙烯酸及其烷基醚,及其混合物。 適於本發明之實務之質子惰性極性溶劑包括線性及環狀 碳酸酯·、醚、二醚、内酯、醯胺、亞颯、颯及酯。較佳溶 劑係環狀碳酸酯、二醚或内酯之混合物,如碳酸乙烯酯、 碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸丁烯酯、碳釀乙烯撐酯、琥珀酸二甲 酯、琥珀酸二乙酯、戊二酸二甲酯、己二酸二甲酯、τ· 丁内醋、與線性碳酸酯混合之氟或氯取代之環狀碳酸酯, 如,碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸乙甲 醋、碳酸甲丙酯及氟和氯取代之線性碳酸酯,持別佳的係 碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丁烯酯和T _ 丁内酯,碳酸乙烯酯和琥 拍酸二甲酯及碳酸乙烯酯和碳酸丙烯酯之混合物。最佳的 -11 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) —.—.--------------訂---------線. (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 568928 A7 -· - B7 五、發明說明(1〇 ) 其中下標〒表示部份或完全氟作用。Rf基團係拉電子 的,且可係彼此相同或不同。較佳的係R产CF3、C&CF戈 C4F9。最佳的係 LiPFALiN(S02CF2CF3)2。 卜 熟請此藝者將瞭解,此藝中通常採用以幫助加工之其他 輔助藥劑給予氧化或光學安定性,或者此藝中通常達到之 其他想要改良作用亦可在本發明之實務中使用,只要此等 輔助藥劑在本發明之想要結果或用以達成其之方法中不备 產生實質改變即可。 曰 本發明之方法中的混合作用可以此藝中悉知之任何習用 方法來實現。依所使用之傳導性組合物之熔融或軟化點而 定,加熱作用可係必須,以提供足以達成想要可塑成形組 合物之混合作用。混合作用可分批或連續實行。適當混合 設備之實例係螺旋擠壓機、滚筒碾磨機、高強度分批混合 器,如,布蘭班德混合器(Brabenders)。 、,在本發明之較佳具體本發明中,較佳可塑成形組合物之 拼料連續餵入預熱至在25至18〇^:範圍内溫度之擠壓器, 其中拼料混合以形成均勻組合物,且該組合物接著經由膜 壓模以擠壓形成分離膜,其在辦壓時係在電化學活性狀 4爲達到最佳結果,必須有的條件係進料及混合等作用 係在無水大氣中實例。 …叫此藝者會瞭解,根據依所使用之特殊拼料及獲致良 好混合作用之流變需求而定之此藝中悉知方法,進料作用 可在單一步驟或在多個步驟中實行。 成形物件可根據本發明之方法,藉此藝中任何悉知方法 ___ _ 13 - 本紙張尺度適家標準(CNS)A4規格⑵G x 297公爱·;-—- ----、—·--------------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 568928 A7 ----—-bL _— — 五、發明說明(11 ) 來實行。在較佳具體實施例中,可塑成形組合物可經由平 板或¥狀膜或薄片壓模擠壓。在另可選用方法中,可塑成 =組合物可壓縮模製成膜或薄片。如此形成之膜或薄片可 藉熱成形作用進一步形成具更複雜形狀之物件。在另一具 體實施例中,成形物件可由注模法形成。 ” 在本發明之更佳具體本發明中,陽極係藉由將組合物混 合及擠壓成膜而形成,該組合物包含,以重量計,, 較佳係8-10%,較佳鋰離聚物、1〇-6〇%,較佳係2〇_3〇%, 較佳落劑混合物、40-80%,較佳係60-65%,電極-活性物 質及1-10%,較佳係2-4%,傳導性添加物。及於12%惰性 填料或及於1 5 %,較佳係及於丨〇 %流動鋰鹽(如前述説明) 亦可視需要加入,因爲可如熟諳此藝者所想要的其他輔助 藥劑不會實質上影響本發明想要結果之達成。較佳係不使 用填料,及不使用超過5 %之流動鋰鹽 適於在形成陽極之方法中使用之電極活性物質包括碳, 如,焦炭或石墨、金屬氧化,如,氧化鈦、氧化鐵或氧化 錫或錫、矽、銻或鋁之形成鋰合金化合物,如,由〇馬歐 (Mao)等人在電化學及固態文獻(Eiectr〇chemicai⑽d
State Letters),2(1),第3頁,1999,中之”作爲鋰-離子電池之 陽極之活性/鈍性毫微組合物”(”Active/Inactive NanQ_ compositions as Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries”)。活性物質之 顆粒大小應在從約1至100微米範圍内。較佳的係石墨, 如’碳彳政珠、天然石墨或碳纖維。特別佳的係石墨微珠, 如,由日本的大阪氣體(〇saka Gas)製造的那些(MCMB 25· -14- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --------訂---------線· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 568928 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ___B7__ 五、發明說明(13 )
Zn2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Cu2+、Cr3+、Fe3+、Al3+、Ni3+、Co3+或
Mn3 +及其類似物。適於陰極組合物之其他電極活性物質包 括硫化合物,如,固態硫、有機二硫化物或金屬硫化物, 如,TiS2或MoS2、電傳導性聚合物,如,聚苯胺及其衍生 物,聚吨洛衍生物、聚對苯撑衍生物、聚噻吩衍生物或其 共聚物或任何前述化合物之混合物。活性物質之顆粒大小 應在從約1至100微米範圍内。較佳的係過渡金屬氧化物, 如,LiMn204、LiNi02、LiCo〇ALiNixCoy02。 適於在製造陰極之方法中使用之傳導性添加物係與前述 説明之製造陽極中使用之彼等相同。 在本發明之最佳具體實施例中,鋰電池之陽極、陰極及 分離器(每一皆如前述説明)皆係藉本發明之擠壓方法製成 平板膜或薄片,該膜係在層疊構造中,於無水條件下帶至 與置於陽極及陰極膜間之分離及置於層疊構造之任一邊之 金屬集電器在一起,一或多個該層疊構造接著熱固定以形 成一或多個鋰離子電池。在較佳具體實施例中,集電器係 以黏著促進劑(如,含本發明之方法中使用之離聚物之混 合物)預處理過金屬篩或薄片。集電器亦可爲金屬化塑料 物質或金屬化碳纖維織品。對陽極及陰極而言,特別佳的 各別係2 0至100微米厚銅及鋁網形金屬篩。 熱固定含熱塑塑料聚合物之多層疊構造之方法係悉知 的。其等包括壓延作用及熱壓作用。熟諳此藝者將瞭解, 依特殊應用之特別需要而定,多個後製造作用可在由本發 明之方法製成之膜及電極膜上實行。其等可包括但不限於 -16 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 x 297公釐) :---:--------------訂---------線^----- Η (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 568928 A7 B7 五、發明說明(16 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 聚物(9.0莫耳%,1〇〇克,91.5毫當量-302?)、氫化鋰(1.45 克,183毫當量)及乾THF(600毫升)。攪拌過混合物冷卻至 約7.5°C,並在20分鐘期間内,以在THF(100毫升)中的蒸 餾過丙二腈(6· 10克,92.4毫當量)滴狀處理。容許混合物 加溫至室溫並攪動1 7小時。混合物冷卻至約5 °C,以在1 5 分鐘之内加入2000毫升冰冷蒸餾水(最初係滴狀,接著係 較快速率)處理。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 當水加入作用完成時,混合物之p Η係藉稀釋醋酸之加 入而調整至7.8。混合物在6 5 °C下加熱20分鐘,冷卻至35°C, 接著穿過尼龍布過滤。所收集之聚合物以8升溫(50°C)蒸 餾水部份洗滌。在於減壓下以機械攪動幫助之乾燥作用 後’離聚物粉末在旋轉之氮氣清潔容器内,以125°C/10毫 米進一步乾燥。如由卡爾費雪滴定法決定,所得係水含量 爲9ppm之86克最終產物。19FNMR(乙酮-d6)顯示:-77.5至 -82.0(m,CF3 及〇CF2, a=7.00),-91 至-97.5(m,在-92.7、-93.1 及-96·6有主要信號,CH2CF2,a=16.85),-109至-119(m,在 -115.0及-117.3(乂?2反轉),及-117.8(€?23〇2-)有主要信號, a=4.85),-122至-129(m,a=1.44),-145.8(m,CF,a=1.06),與 9.9莫耳%共單體含量一致。熱分析·· TGA顯示250°C下重 量損失開始。DSC顯示熔融曲線高峰在161°C( 12.1焦耳/克) 及非常弱Tg在-37°C(0.017瓦特/克)。 實例 在後文之實例中,離子傳導性係遵照杜爾(Doyle)等人之 WO 98/20573來決定。 19- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 568928 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明(17 ) 除另有說明外,所有化學品皆如所瞭解般使用;當使用 卡爾費雪水分析法測量,後文中使用之以無水碳酸酿為主 之溶劑之水含量少於40 ppm。 實例丄 1升垂直授動蒸壓罐裝填以5〇〇毫升全氟辛酸銨(7克)及 王說-2-(2-氟石只醯乙乳基)丙基乙歸基酸(psEpv)(29.〇克, 0.065莫耳)之水溶液。關閉容器,兩次加壓至1〇〇psi氮氣 及排空,冷卻至約5 °C並抽空。加入亞乙烯氟(5〇 〇克, 0.78莫耳)且將撥動過(每分鐘750轉)内容物加熱至6〇。〇。 經過1 0分鐘之間隔後,加入全硫酸鉀溶液(2 〇毫升中之 〇·〇8克)。當壓力減少至約130 pSig時,加入另外5〇克亞乙 烯氟。反應完成後’共聚物分散液加熱至5〇它並在揽動下 加至等體積異丙醇内。凝結產物被過濾,以水清洗及在氮 氣清潔過真空烤爐中以100°C乾燥。所得係97」克白色共聚 物。DSC顯示廣溶融轉變之最大值在i46°C (22.1焦耳/克)。 組合物被發現係94.5莫耳% VF2及5.5莫耳% PSEPVE,如由 b及19F NMR之組合所決定。19f NMR(丙酮-d6): +45.57(s) ’ -78.0 至-80.0(m,a=2‘.968),-90.0 至-95.0(m,s a=8.646),-108 至-116(m之系列,a=2.721),-121 至-i27(m,s, a=1.004),-143 至-144.0(m’s,a=0.499)。 97.0克(62·9毫當量)如此製成之共聚物懸浮在5〇〇毫升甲 醇内,並以3.92克LhCO3處理。所產生之混合物攪動並加 熱至回流5小時。於在室溫下靜置1 8小時後,加入另外 100毫升甲醇並使回流持續2小時。整分之19F NMR顯示氣 -20- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ---,---:--------------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 568928 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 —-_— _B7____ 五、發明說明(18 ) 化橫醯基團成爲磺酸鋰部份之〉99%轉變。 在眞空下除去部份甲醇(1〇〇毫升),並以2升冷水處理所 產生之冷於漿。所產生混合物受到部式離心隔離作用。傾 析水相而所留下充滿水之聚合物相係在氮氣清潔過眞空烤 爐内以100°C乾燥4 8小時。低溫碾磨所產生聚合物碎屑以 給予較小顆粒,其在成品儲存瓶内,使用氮氣清潔過眞空 烤爐進一步乾燥至固定重量(24小時,100。〇。 19F NMR(丙酮-d6) : _77 至 _82(bd信號,a=7 〇〇),-91 2(主 要係 s),-91.62,-93.39及-95.06(微量 s,合併之 a=37.171), -108至-112(db)’ 在-113.5及_115·8下之db信號,在-117.2下之 bd m(合併之 a=8.065),-123(bd m之中央,a=i.i48),_127(bd m之中央,a=0.454),在-125.8 下之微量 s(a=0.198),_145(bd m之中央,a=1.157),與4 9莫耳% Li-PSEPVE組成之組合物 一致。DSC(第2次加熱)顯示廣融轉變之最大値在14m (15.8焦耳/克)。 在氮氣清潔過手套箱中,1克乾燥過離聚物碎屑係於室 溫下,管瓶中,以3克碳酸乙烯酯(EC,塞列奇伯 (Selectipur),EM工業)及碳酸丙烯酯(PC,塞列奇伯,EM 工業)之1 · 1,以體積計,混合物處理,並以刮勺用手處 理。將管瓶密封並在保持於130°C下的砂浴中加熱。以到 勺定期混合内容物,直至得到均勻組合物。 所產生組合物置於卡普頓®(Kapton®)薄片間,該薄片係 置放在密封聚乙晞袋内,接著,將其所有置於l25t之潘 沙帝那(Pasadena)水壓機之預熱過壓板間,並使用約1〇〇〇 -21 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) ---:---.--------------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 568928 A7 B7 五、發明說明(20 ) 早體内。TGA(10。/分鐘,N2):至375 t:前沒有重量損 失。DSC(2〇° /分鐘):廣熔融轉變之最大值在丨59 n (η」 焦耳 / 克);Tg=-23°C。 備有架空漿式攪動器(鐵弗龍*(Tefl〇n*)軸承)、回流冷 凝器及溫度計口之3升3頸燒瓶裝填以2〇〇克vF2/psEpvE共 聚物(1Μ·4φ當量SOJ)、甲醇(17〇〇毫升)及碳酸鋰(13 6 克’ 184Φ當量)。混合物在室溫下攪動24小時。加入甲苯 (300毫升),並為除去溶劑而將混合物加熱至回流。在額 外甲苯加入以保持未裝填之反應器内體積之同時,收集甲 醇/甲苯共u物。蒸餘作用持續直至聚合物沉殿及餘 出物溫度達到約108°C。加入碳酸丙烯酯(15 8毫升,18 8克 蒸餾過,篩後儲存),且蒸餾作用持績直至餾出物不含甲 醇。使淤漿冷卻至室溫並使用乾的氮氣清潔過壓力漏斗過 濾。在氮氣下除去剩餘甲苯,並在乾大氣内轉移產物以提 供2 21.7克似自由流動之白色粉末。 所描述19F NMR(丙酮_d6)特性:-76至-82(bd信號, 3=7.00)’-91.2(主要3)’-91.65、-93.4及-95.06(微量5,合併 之 a=18.418) ’ -108 至-U2(bd),在-113.5 及-115.8 之 bd單-, 在-117.2之54 111(合併之&=:5.328),_1230(1111之中央),及-127 (bd m之中央,合併之a=2 128) , _145(bd瓜之中央,合併之 a=1.212)。整體與9.5莫耳 % Li-PSEPVE—致。 NMR(丙酮-d6)與每聚合物-键結之鋰離子有一個後酸 乙烯酯分子一致。 實例3 -23- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ----------餐 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂---------線. 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 568928 A7 B7 五、發明說明(21 ) 在氮氣清潔過眞空大氣手套箱中,0.5克實例2之鋰離聚 物之乾碎屑與1.5克EC及PC之1 : 1,以體積計,混合物(EC 及PC皆係塞列奇伯級,C Μ工業)在玻璃管瓶内混合,該管 瓶被密封並加熱至100°C數小時以完全混合。接著,冷卻 該混合物以形成凝膠,然後接著,仍在氮氣清潔過手套箱 内,置於兩片開普頓(§>(1^?仂11@)聚醯亞胺膜(杜邦(〇11?〇11〇) \一..、 之5密耳厚薄片間,然後將所產生之三明治般物置預熱至 105°C 之#3912型卡文水力單元(Carver Hydraulic Unit Model #3912)間並以1,000磅之衝壓力壓平。所產生膜係透明且均 勻的,並有約125微米之厚度。一旦冷卻至室溫,用力切 割出該膜1.0乘1.5公分樣本而所測定之傳導性爲8.18 X 10·4 S/公分。 實例4 根據蘇(Xue)(博士論文,克利森大學(Ph. D. thesis, Clemson University),1996)之方法製備之 70.9 克 CF2BrCFBr0CF2CF(CF3)0CF2CF2S02N(K)S02CF3溶解在 100 毫升無水DMF中。將Zn灰(7.05克,108毫莫耳)加至該溶液 中並使混合物在室溫下攪動6 0分鐘。過濾該混合物且在 眞空下除去大部份溶劑。剩餘物與300毫升6N HC1混合, 形成棕色油狀混合物,其攪動5分鐘,然後接著以新鮮100 毫升整分二乙醚萃取四次。二乙醚餾份混合並以新鮮100 毫升整分去離子水清洗三次。醚在眞空下蒸發,而剩餘之 棕色油受到兩短程蒸餾以得到50.6克酸產物 cf2=cfocf2cf(cf3)ocf2cf2so2n(h)so2cf3。 -24- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ---;---,-----------------訂---------線· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 568928 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(22 如前述合成之34.08克(59.26毫莫耳)酸產溶解在25毫升 去離子水中,接著加入121.1毫升0.489 N LiO溶液。在真空 下除去水,而剩餘物在1 〇〇 °C下乾燥2 4小時。出產物係 34.09 克 CF2=CF〇CF2CF(CF3)0CF2CF2S02N(Li)S02CF3。在 D20 内之 19F NMR : (8F,-77.8-79.5 ppm; 2F,-86.0 ppm; 1F, -115.5 ppm; 2F5 -117.3 ppm; IF, -123.4 ppm; IF, -137.7 ppm; 1F,-146.1 ppm);元素分析:N(2.45%發現值,2.41%理論 值),F(49.43%發現值,52.31%理論值),Li(1.15%發現 值,1.19%理論值),3(10.83%發現值,11.〇3%理論值)。 除其中之表面活化劑被忽略外,根據可隆尼(C〇nn〇Uy)等 人在所引用之著作中之教導,218〇克CF2 = CF0CF2CF(CF3)0CF2CF2S02N(Li)S02CF3 溶解在 400 克去離 子水中並於50克去離子水中之〇· 2〇〇克全硫酸钟之2 〇亳升 溶液加入後,於60°C下與29克亞乙烯氟反應,VF2-共聚物 係藉親液化作用隔離並在11 〇。(3下乾燥2 2小時以給予具有 4.7莫耳%鋰醯亞胺·官能化共聚物之4〇7克離聚物,如由 19F NMR確定。元素分析:H(2.06%發現值,2.16%理論 值),Ν(1·78%發現值,0.74%理,值),Li(0.32%發現值, 0.37%理論值)。DSC(N2,10°C/分鐘,第2次加熱)顯示熔融 點在 164.5°C。4 NMR(丙酮-d6) ·· CH2在 3.60 ppm。19F NM (丙酉同-d6) · -77.2--79.2 ppm(m) ’ -91.2--130.0 ppm(m 之系 歹ij ) ; -144.6(#J 鏈 CF)。 在乾氮氣大氣中,0.50克乾燥過離聚物碎屑在玻璃管瓶 中與0.5克實例2之VF2/Li-PSEPVE離聚物及2.0克EC和τ* · ----1 — — —-----啜 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂---------線· 25 568928 A7
五、發明說明(25 ) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 合。擠壓條件如下: 轉動件溫度: nox: 集管溫度: 11〇。(: 轉動件和集管間間隙: 0.13公分 轉動件速度: 每分鐘192轉 孩熔融-化合之物質經由直徑爲〇·32公分之圓形衝模擠 歷',然後收集在以乾氮氣清潔過玻璃罐内。擠壓過物質之 樣本被密封在玻璃罐内並轉送入具氮氣正壓之眞空大氣手 套箱内。 除溫度係110°C及衝壓力係20,000磅以形成約125微米厚 之膜外,1 ·〇克量前擠壓物係如實例3中般溶融-壓平。具 12毫米直徑之陰極膜係使用黃銅衝頭衝出該膜。is毫米 直徑分離器膜係由實例4之膜衝出。使用2〇毫升玻璃管 瓶,將此膜二者皆浸入電解質溶溶中2小時,該溶液係由 在 1: 1 EC/GBL 中的 1.0 M UPF6組成。 此陰極及分離器膜與3層約1〇〇微米厚作爲負電極之經金 屬一起組合成尺寸2325合金電池。該合金係在室溫下,於 4.2伏和2.8伏之電壓極限間以C/?速率充電及放電循環。 LiCo02陰極之第一次充電期間容量係ι57 2毫安培小時/ 克,而第一次放電容量係149.7毫安培小時/克,給予95.2% 之轉變性。在第1 0次放電時容量係147.1毫安培小時/克, 且接近100次循環後,合金電池達到其初容量之80%。 實例7 微流體公司(Microfluidics Inc.)之微流化器(Micro ns- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ----;---‘-----*1^ 裝--------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注音?事項再填寫本頁) 568928 A7 _ B7 五、發明說明(26 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
Fluidizer)之儲存器裝填以在600毫升軟水中的3 5克全氟辛 酸銨之溶液。起動泵並容許流動循環以使表面活化劑溶液 與保留在設備之内的5 0毫升純軟水混合。15〇克psEPVE加 至儲存器内並容許系統循環2 〇分鐘以製成良好分散之 PSEPVE乳液。流出物接著集中於丨升容量燒瓶。於儲存器 水位栗抽下降後,150毫升軟水加入並泵送過系統以衝洗 剩餘PSEPVE乳液並使容量燒瓶内水位上升至標準。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 具機械攪動器之4升水平蒸壓罐以氮氣清潔並裝填以如 此形成之預乳化PSEPVE。反應器係藉接著以亞乙烯氟加 壓至0 psig之排空作用之三次循環而衝洗。反應器再度排 空並加熱至60C ’以亞乙締氣加壓至3〇〇psig,及以每分鐘 200轉攪動。含水全硫酸鉀之溶液(〇·6%,50毫升)係在5分 鐘期間内加入。反應器壓力保持在300 psi,直至攪動器加 入後餵入220克預乳化PSEPVE溶液。攪動作用停止且反應 器冷卻並排放。所產生之乳狀分散液冷凍及融化以使產物 凝結,該產物已經由尼龍布過滤及以水重清洗以除去表面 活化劑。空氣乾燥後,聚合物碎屑在氮氣清潔過眞空烤爐 内以100°C乾燥24小時,以給予364克產物。19F NMR (丙 酮):+45.2(s,a=1.00),-78 至-80.0(m’s,a=7.000),-90 至-95 (m’s,a=17.59),-108至-116(m之系列,a = 5 · 8 4 8 ),-122.0至 -127.5(m’s,合併之 a=2.357),-145.4(bd s,a=1.155),與莫耳 % PSEPVE=9.5°/〇—致。TGA(10° / 分鐘,N2):至 375°C 前沒 有重量損失。DSC(20° /分鐘):廣熔融轉變之最大値在162°C (23·2焦耳/克);Tg=-20°C。 -29 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 568928 Α7 __Β7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(27 ) 實例8_ 備有架空漿式攪動器、回流冷凝器及溫度計口之3升3頸 燒瓶裝填以200克如此形成之VF2/PSEPVE共聚物、1600亳 升甲醇及13.71克碳酸鋰。該混合物在室溫下攪動24小 時。加入400毫升甲苯,並爲除去溶劑而將混合物加熱至 回流。在將額外甲苯加入以保持未裝填之反應器内體積之 同時’收集甲醇/甲苯共沸混合物。蒸餾作用持續直至聚 合物沉澱及餾出物溫度達到約l〇8t。16.7克碳酸乙烯酯溶 解在甲苯中並加入,且蒸餾作用持績直至餾出物不含甲 醇。使殘留淤漿冷卻至室溫並使用乾的氮氣清潔過壓力漏 斗過濾。在氮氣下除去大部份所吸收甲苯,並在減壓下除 去殘餘量。產物係在乾大氣内轉移以提供218 〇克似自由 流動之白色粉末。包含測定1 8〇°C下放出之水量之卡爾費 雪滴定法顯示,所產生之白色粉末之水含量係約24 ppm。 所描述19F NMR (丙酮46)特性:-77至-82(bd信號, a=7.00),-91.2(主要 s),-91.64 及-95.06(微量 s,合併之 a=17.045),-106 至-112(bd),在-113.5 及-115.8 之 bd 單一, 在-117.2 之bd m(合併之 a=5.243)▲,-122 至-127.5(bd m之中 央’合併之&=1.988),_145(^(1111之中央,合併之&=1.095)。 整體與9.5莫耳% Li-PSEPVE—致。 陽極物質係藉由使下列物質在乾氮氣大氣下稱重及於在 手套箱之内的225毫升玻璃罐内用手混合而製備。 5·4克如此形成之鋰離聚物, 34.8克MCMB 6-28石墨,來自大阪氣體化學公司, -30- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝 ----訂--- 着- 568928 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7___ 五、發明說明(28 ) 2.4克超級P碳黑,來自MMM碳,及 17.4克雙(全氟乙晞基續醯)醯亞胺If鹽之〇·ΐΜ溶液,其 溶解在碳酸乙烯酯及碳酸丁晞酯之2/1,以重量計,混合 物内。 如此形成之混合物係在CS-194型,CSI-馬克思擠壓器内 熔融-化合。擠壓條件如下··
轉動件溫度: 125°C
集管溫度: 125°C 轉動件和集管間間隙·· 0.13公分 轉動件速度: 192 熔融-化合過物質係經由〇·32公分直徑單一線股衝模擠 壓,並收集在以乾氮氣清潔過玻璃罐内。 除餵入擠壓器之組合物係由下列各物組成外,陰極物質 係遵從和陽極相同之步驟製備: 5.1克(8.5重量% )和前述陽極中使用之相同l丨離聚物, 34.8(58重量°/。)1^(:〇02,來自£1^工業, 4·2克(7重量%)超級p碳黑,來自碳,及 15.9克(26.5重量 %)在EC/BC之2/1 渴合物中 LiN(S02CF2CF3)2 之0.1M溶液。 除轉動件及集管溫度係13(rc^h,擠壓條件相同。 分離器物質係由下列各物組成之組合物形成: 7.5克(25重量。/〇)在陽極及陰極中使用之乙丨離聚物, 3克(10重量%) Cab-O-Sil TS-530,來自卡伯特公司 (Cabot Co.)及 -31 - 本紙張尺度巾國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) ----^--------裝-------丨訂---------. (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 568928 A7
五、發明說明(29 ) 19.5克(65重量%)在EC/BC(2/1混合物中的LiN_ (S02CF2CF3)A〇.im 溶液。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 除轉動件及集管溫度係110Ό外,擠壓條件和陽極物質 相同。 陰極、陽極及分離器之擠出線股置入第二氮氣清潔過乾 燥箱中。樣本置入開普頓⑧袋中,接著在熱不鏽鋼滾筒間 壓製以形成約6 0毫米寬的膜。黃銅箔填隙片用來使滚筒 保持最小分隔距離。壓製滚筒之溫度各別係陰極、陽極及 分離器之135°C、125°C及125Ό。陰極膜有37毫克/公分2之 重’陽極係1 8毫克/公分2,而分離器係約7 5米厚。在乾 燥箱之内,45 X 55毫米長方形電極係來自如此製備之陽極 及陰極膜。雙電池係藉由將層層疊在一起以製成由 Al/C/S/A/Cu/A/S/C/Al組成之堆積來製造,其中C係陰極, S係分離器,A係陽極,A1係鋁網而C u係銅網。層疊作用 後,雙電池立刻包裝入薄片層壓袋内,沒有擠壓或電解液 加入等步驟。雙電池在2.7及4.15伏之電壓極限間循環。第 一次充電容量係148毫安培小時(LiCo02i 142毫安培小時/ 克),第一次放電容量係102毫安培小時,而第6 1次循環容 量係7 6毫安培小時。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 實例9 在周圍實驗室條件中,58.0克(5 8重量%)UCo02,來自 FMC公司、5.00克超級P碳黑,來自MMM碳、2.00克因西 寇(Ensaco)350碳黑,來自MMM碳、8·00克以實例2之方法 製備之VF2-U-PSEPVE離聚物在罐中用手混合。粉末接著 -32- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 568928 A7 B7 ____ 五、發明說明(30 ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 加至在200毫升混合碗中之沃林(Waring)捏合器内。乾粉末 係在捏合器内以由50%之變阻器設定値設定之低速混合〜1 分鐘。碳酸乙烯酯及碳酸丙晞酯,皆來自E Μ工業,之 2 7 · 0 0克1 : 1,以重量計,混合物加至粉末混合物中。該 混合物再度捏合〜1分鐘,然後置入玻璃罐。 如此形成之陰極混合物接著加至漢克(Haake) EU5型轉矩 電流計之75亳升混合碗中。混合碗之熔融溫度設定在i2〇°C。 陰極混合物以小部份加至具有設定在每分鐘1 8轉之混合 傳動之碗内。粉末加入作用在2分鐘之期間内完成。接 著,漢克電流計設定在每分鐘2 5轉,並處理陰極混合物 另外1 0分鐘。接著收集所產生之陰極混合物並密封。 陰極混合物之樣本接著在製箔壓製機中以約120。(:預稠 化。接著,壓縮樣本以具有不鏽鋼滚筒之韋斯特美娜 (Western Magnum)層疊機壓製成膜狀。滾筒設定在ii〇°C。 黃銅填隙片係用來控制兩個不鏽鋼滾筒之最小分離及因此 產生之膜厚。所產生之陰極膜有42毫克/公分2之重量,及 0.163毫米之厚度。膜之電傳導性測量爲292毫s/公分。 %極混合物亦以類似於陰極混舍物之方式,在漢克轉矩 電流計中處理。陽極混合物之組成係自大阪氣體化學品公 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 司之 64.00克 MCMB 25-28石墨、8.00克 VF2-U-PSEPVE離聚 物、4.5克來自MMM碳之超級p碳黑及23.5克碳酸乙烯酯及 碳酸丙烯酯(兩者皆來自E Μ工業)之1 : 1,以重量計,混 合物。除所使用之膜壓製溫度係90。(:及使用較薄黃銅填隙 片來達到爲了電池容量平衡目的之較薄陽極膜外,所使用 -33- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 568928 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7_ 五、發明說明(31 ) 之溶融處理條件與陰極混合物之相同。所產生之陽極膜係 〇·116亳米厚。膜之電傳導性測量爲丨480毫s/公分。 在乾氮氣清潔過眞空大氣乾燥盒之内,3.00克碳酸乙烯 酉曰(ΕΜ工業)/碳碳丁綿pg旨(漢g旨曼化學公司(Huntsma
Chemical Co·)之2 : 1,以重量計,混合物加至ι·〇〇克VF2-Li-PSEPVE離聚物中以形成分離器混合物。該混合物在玻 璃管瓶中以刮勺手動混合。在相同乾燥盒之内,該分離器 混合物之樣本以具不鏽鋼滾筒之層疊機壓製成膜狀。所產 生之分離器膜有0.080毫米之厚度。 直徑爲12.7毫米之圓形膜係以打孔工具從壓平之陰極及 陽極膜之中切割。電極膜係藉使用過量二乙醚之溶劑萃取 作用從其之碳酸乙晞酿及碳酸丙晞g旨内容物之中萃取。接 著’該電極膜在充滿乾氮氣之乾燥盒之前室中乾燥,並在 盒之内移動。1 9毫米直徑之圓形膜係切割自分離器膜並 藉玻璃管瓶移送至充滿氬氣之乾燥盒内。由於在乾燥盒内 製備,所以分離器膜未穿過前室乾燥。在充滿氬氣之乾燥 盒之内’ 0.0167克及0.0075克碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸丁烯酯之 2 : 1,以重量計,混合物各別加異陰極及陽極片中。乾燥 過、不含碳酸酯之12.7毫米直徑陰極及陽極片之重量各別 係0.0491克及0.0225克。陰極、分離器及陽極膜組合成尺 寸2325合金電池。該合金電池在室溫下,於2·8伏及4·2伏 之电壓極限間充電及放電。對第一次充電及第一次放電而 言,合金電池之容量各別係LiCo〇2之155.4毫安培小時/克 及LiCo02之103.4毫安培小時/克。 -34- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) ----.---------裝---- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂---------·
Claims (1)
- 568928 第089103688號專利申請案 益 中文申請專利範圍替換本(92年4弁 8—一一種形成成形物件之方法,其包括 在容器内使聚合物與極性質子惰性液體結合以形成 一種組合物,該聚合物包含亞乙缔氟及具有側基團之 2-50莫耳%全氟烯基單體單元等單體單元,該側基團 包含以式(I)表示之基: •(0CF2CFR)a0CF2(CFR,)bS02X-(M+)[YZc]d ⑴ 其中 R及R,各別選自F、C1或具有1至10個碳原子之全氟 ’烷基團’視須要被一或多個鍵氧取代; a == 0、1 或 2 ; b = 0 至 6 ; M+係H+或單價金屬陽離子; X係Ο、C或N,只要當X係〇時,d = 0而其他係 d = 1,及當X係C時,c = 1而當X係N時,c = 0即可; 當c = 1時,Y及Z係拉電子基團,其選自包括:CN、 S02Rf、S02R3、P(〇)(〇R3)2、C02R3、P(0)R32、C(0)Rf、 C(0)R3及以其形成之環狀烯基團,其中Rf係視需要以 一或多個酸氧取代之具1-10個碳原子之全氟烷基團; R3係視需要以一或多個醚氧取代之具1 - 6個碳原子 之烷基團,或視需要進一步取代之芳基團; 或者,當c = 0時,Y可係以式-SC^Rf’表示之拉電子基 團,其中Rf’係以式(II)表示之基: -(Rf"S〇2N-(M+)S02)mRf·" (II) 其中m = 0或1,且心,’係-CnF2n-而Rf·"係-CnF2n+1,其中 η = 1 - 1 0,視需要以一或多個醚氧取代; 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4規格(210X 297公釐) 568928 A8 B8 C8 ______ D8 六、申請專利範圍 混合該組合物至少至其係可塑成形的;及 藉由熱及/或壓力對其之應用而由該可塑成形組合物 形成成形物件^ 2 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中M+係鹼金屬陽離 子。 3 ·根據申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中係链陽離子。 4 ·根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中a=Q或1,, R-=F及b=l 〇 5 ·根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該聚合物更包含 及於2 0莫耳%單體單元,其選自包括··四氟乙缔、三 氟乙缔、氯二氣乙缔、氟乙缔、六氟丙婦、全氟甲基 乙缔基、全氣乙基乙缔基酸、乙缔、丙晞、1_辛缔、異 丁晞、乙基乙烯基醚、丙缔酸及其烷基醚和甲基丙烯 酸及其烷基醚,及其混合物 6 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該質子惰性液體 選自包括·線性及環狀碳酸酿、g旨、二酯、内gg、酿 胺、亞颯、颯及醚。 7 ·根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中更包含至多15重 量%(基於離聚物加質子惰性液體之總重量為基準)之 流動經鹽,其選自包括:UPF6、LipFxRfy、UBf4、 LiAsF6、UC104、LiS03Rf、LiN(s〇2Rf)(S02Rf)、 LiC(S02Rf)(S02Rf)(S02Rf)及其混合物其中下標"f,,表 示部份或完全氟作用,其中r β團係拉電子的,並可 各別係彼此相同或不同。 8 ·根據申請專利範圍第丨_ 7項中任何一或多項之方法,其 中混合作用係在組合物之炫點以上之溫度下施行。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家樣準(CMS) Α4規格(210X 297公釐) 568928 A8 B8 C8 ------------ - D8 六、申請專利範^ ^一" 一 9 ·根據申請專利範圍第丨· 7項中任何一或多項之方法,其 中容器係連續式塑煉擠壓機。 10·根據申請專利範圍第1-7項中任何一或多項之方法,其 中成形物件係藉壓平、熱成形、注射模塑或壓縮模製等 作用而由可塑成形組合物形成。 U·根據申請專利範圍第1 - 7項中任何一或多項之方法,其 中該組合物包含5-20%,以重量計,離聚物、10-60%, 以重量計,質子惰性液體、更包含45-80%,以重量 計’一或多種電極活性物質,其係選自包括:碳、金 屬氧化物、形成鋰合金之化合物、過渡金屬氧化物、 硫化合物及電傳導性聚合物;及1 ·丨2% —或多種傳導 性顆粒,其係選自包括:碳、金屬、傳導性金屬氧化 物及電傳導性聚合物。 12· —種成形物件,其係由根據申請專利範圍第u 7項中任 何一或多項之方法製成。 13· —種電化學電池,其包含由根據申請專利範圍第^ 7項 中任何一或多項之方法製成之成形物件。 14· 一種形成電化學電池之方法,該方法包括在容器内使聚 合物與質子惰性液體結合以形成一種組合物,該聚合物 包含亞乙烯氟及具有側基團之2-50莫耳%全氟烯基單體 單元等單體單元,該側基團包含以式(I)表示之基·· •(OCF2CFR)a〇CF2(CFR’)bS02X-(M+)[YZc]d (I) 其中 R及R/各別選自F、C1或具有1至10個碳原子之全氣 烷基團,其視須要被一或多個氧取代; a = 0、1 或 2 ; •3- 本紙張尺度通用中國》家搮準(CNS) A4规格(210 X 297公釐) 568928ABCD b = 0 至6 ; M係H或單價金屬陽離子;χ係〇、匸或n,只要當 X係Ο時,d = 〇而其他係d = 1 ,及當χ係c時,e = i而 當X係N時,c = 0即可,· 當時,丫及2係拉電子基團,其選自包括:CN、 S〇2Rf、S02R3、P(0)(0r3)2、c〇2R3、p(〇)R32、c(〇)Rf、 C(0)R3及以其形成之環狀烯基團,其中&係視需要包 含或多個氧之具1-10個碳原子之全氟燒基團; R3係視需要以一或多個醚氧取代之具i _ 6個碳原子 之烷基團,或視需要進一步取代之芳基團; 或者,當c = 〇時,γ可係以式-S〇2Rf,表示之拉電子基 團’其中Rf’係以式(II)表示之基: -(Rf,’S02N-(M+)S02)mRf,,, (Π) 其中m = 0或1,且心,,係_CnF2n^Rf…係-CnF2n+i,其中 η = 1 - 1 〇 ’及極性質子惰性液體以形成組合物;混合 孩組合物至少至其係可塑成形的;及藉由熱及/或壓力 對其之應用而由該可塑成形組合物形成成形物件;使 該成形物件與如所需之至少一種此其他成形物件層疊 以製成電化學電池,該電池選自包括:正電極、分離 器、負電極及集電器;及,強化該層疊之成形物件以 形成電化學電池。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家搮準(CNS) Α4规格(210 X 297公釐)
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| US6503432B1 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2003-01-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for forming multilayer articles by melt extrusion |
| EP1359142A4 (en) * | 2001-02-01 | 2007-06-13 | Asahi Chemical Ind | PERFLUOROVINYL ETHER MONOMER HAVING A SULFONAMIDE GROUP |
| US6589299B2 (en) | 2001-02-13 | 2003-07-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for making electrode |
| US6727019B2 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2004-04-27 | Ilion Technology | Electrochemical cell having an ionomer binder of Li-AMPS and associated fabrication |
| US6823584B2 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2004-11-30 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Process for manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly |
| ITMI20012746A1 (it) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-21 | Ausimont Spa | Ionomeri fluorurati |
| US6890676B2 (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2005-05-10 | Sony Corporation | Fullerene based proton conductive materials |
| EP1479119B1 (en) | 2002-03-07 | 2012-08-01 | Bathium Canada Inc. | Positive electrode films for alkali metal polymer batteries and method for making same |
| US6939383B2 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2005-09-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for making electrode |
| FR2841045B1 (fr) * | 2002-06-17 | 2004-12-24 | Electricite De France | Accumulateur au lithium |
| DE10251238B4 (de) * | 2002-11-04 | 2006-12-28 | Dilo Trading Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lithium-Polymer-Batterievorläufers, Verwendung des Verfahrens und Lithum-Polymer-Batterievorläufer |
| WO2005013394A1 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2005-02-10 | Avestor Limited Partnership | Cathode material for polymer batteries and method of preparing same |
| JP4506403B2 (ja) * | 2004-10-15 | 2010-07-21 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | イオン伝導体 |
| KR100828677B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-05-09 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료 전지 스택 적층 시스템 및 그 방법 |
| WO2011051168A1 (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-05 | Solvay Solexis S.P.A. | Process for the isolation of sulfonyl fluoride polymers and polymers obtained therefrom |
| CN104221202A (zh) * | 2012-02-23 | 2014-12-17 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | 组合物、分层、电极及其制造方法 |
| CN105940046B (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2020-06-09 | 迪睿合株式会社 | 离子传导膜、聚合物元件、电子设备、照相机模块及摄像装置 |
| DE112019000405T5 (de) | 2018-03-05 | 2020-10-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Schmelzextrudierte feststoffbatteriekomponenten |
| EP3584863A1 (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-25 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Polymer electrolyte comprising at least one organic solvent and at least one aromatic ionomer and uses thereof |
| DE102018215613A1 (de) | 2018-09-13 | 2020-03-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Polymerfolie |
| WO2022246027A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | University Of Connecticut | Electrochromic materials; preparation and use thereof |
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| NZ184767A (en) * | 1976-08-05 | 1980-03-05 | Tecneco Spa | Assymetric membranes from fluorinated polymeric materials |
| US4298697A (en) * | 1979-10-23 | 1981-11-03 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Method of making sheet or shaped cation exchange membrane |
| US4341685A (en) * | 1979-11-20 | 1982-07-27 | Asahi Glass Company, Ltd. | Process for preparing organic dispersion of acid type fluorinated polymer |
| BR8206298A (pt) * | 1981-11-06 | 1983-09-20 | Diamond Shamrock Corp | Processo para reparo de partes danificadas de membrana copolimerica de perfluorcarbono e composto de remendo para uso no reparo de membrana de celula eletrolitica |
| US4784882A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1988-11-15 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for forming composite polymer films |
| JPH04366137A (ja) * | 1990-12-21 | 1992-12-18 | Dow Chem Co:The | 燃料電池に使用するのに特に適したプロトン交換膜 |
| US5418091A (en) * | 1993-03-05 | 1995-05-23 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Polymeric electrolytic cell separator membrane |
| US5749927A (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1998-05-12 | W. R. Grace & Co. -Conn. | Continuous process to produce lithium-polymer batteries |
| JP2001503910A (ja) * | 1996-11-01 | 2001-03-21 | イー・アイ・デユポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 高伝導性イオン交換ポリマーおよび方法 |
| IL137932A0 (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 2001-10-31 | Du Pont | Substantially fluorinated ionomers |
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| CA2362296A1 (en) | 2000-09-08 |
| AU3615500A (en) | 2000-09-21 |
| KR20010104365A (ko) | 2001-11-24 |
| CN1359404A (zh) | 2002-07-17 |
| DE60000974T2 (de) | 2003-09-04 |
| WO2000052085A1 (en) | 2000-09-08 |
| WO2000051806A2 (en) | 2000-09-08 |
| EP1157061B1 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
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| JP2002538252A (ja) | 2002-11-12 |
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