TW201821077A - 丁基原啡因緩釋製劑 - Google Patents
丁基原啡因緩釋製劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201821077A TW201821077A TW106131215A TW106131215A TW201821077A TW 201821077 A TW201821077 A TW 201821077A TW 106131215 A TW106131215 A TW 106131215A TW 106131215 A TW106131215 A TW 106131215A TW 201821077 A TW201821077 A TW 201821077A
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- injectable pharmaceutical
- butylorphine
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- JSRRLKCQVUJIDE-OBRACTJBSA-N (4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-9-butoxy-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7-ol Chemical compound C(CCC)OC=1C=CC=2C[C@@H]3[C@@H]4C=C[C@@H]([C@H]5[C@@]4(C=2C=1O5)CCN3C)O JSRRLKCQVUJIDE-OBRACTJBSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 239000003405 delayed action preparation Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229960002903 benzyl benzoate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 125000005129 aryl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000010255 intramuscular injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007927 intramuscular injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- OSNIIMCBVLBNGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)propan-1-one Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)C(=O)C1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 OSNIIMCBVLBNGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
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- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940095172 subutex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- FQXXSQDCDRQNQE-VMDGZTHMSA-N thebaine Chemical class C([C@@H](N(CC1)C)C2=CC=C3OC)C4=CC=C(OC)C5=C4[C@@]21[C@H]3O5 FQXXSQDCDRQNQE-VMDGZTHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEQHQGJDZLDFID-UHFFFAOYSA-J thorium(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Th](Cl)(Cl)Cl WEQHQGJDZLDFID-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940106094 zubsolv Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一種可注射醫藥組成物，包含溶於生物相容性有機溶劑中的3-醯基-丁基原啡因或其醫藥上可接受之鹽的溶液，其中，當注射該可注射醫藥組成物至病患體內，該可注射醫藥組成物呈現穩定的釋放曲線持續一週以上。該醯基包含烷羰基，且該烷羰基的烷基部分具有1-20個碳原子的直鏈或支鏈。該生物相容性有機溶劑係選自由下列所組成之群組：N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、丁醇、2-丁醇、異丁醇、異丙醇、甘油、苯甲酸芐酯、二甲亞碸、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、丙二醇、二甲基乙二醇、苯甲醇，或是其二種或二種以上的組合。
Description
本發明係有關丁基原啡因(buprenorphine)之藥物傳輸系統，特定言之，本發明係有關一種包含丁基原啡因、其前驅藥或其代謝物的可注射組成物，用以治療鴉片類依賴症、疼痛和憂鬱。
丁基原啡因，(5α,7α(s))-17-環丙甲基)-α-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-環氧基-18,19-二氫-3-羥基-6-甲氧基-α-甲基-6,14-亞乙烯基嗎啡喃-7-甲醇((5α,7α(s))-17-cyclopropylmethyl)-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,5-epoxy-18,19-dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-α-methyl-6,14-ethenomorphinan-7-methanol)，為蒂巴因(thebaine)之衍生物，其係屬於鴉片類生物鹼。丁基原啡因之分子量為467.64，其結構係如下列化學式I所示：
丁基原啡因是具部分效力的μ受體促效劑，具有可與其他完全促效劑(例如：嗎啡(morphine)、美沙冬(methadone)等)競爭的較高親和力。丁基原啡因用於治療中度到重度慢性疼痛以及作為手術前的止痛劑，其效力為嗎啡的25至40倍，丁基原啡因之數種劑型包含如Buprenex®(肌肉內或靜脈內注射)、Norspan®、Butrans®(穿皮貼片)、Temgesic®(舌下錠)、Belbuca®(口頰溶片)。Butrans於健康受試者在對應5至20μg/小時的劑量下，其體內治療濃度(Cmax)為0.1至0.5ng/mL。除此之外，鹽酸丁基原啡因(buprenorphine hydrochloride)的各種產品經批准用於以較高劑量治療鴉片類依賴症，包含如Subutex®(舌下錠)，且有的產品是鹽酸丁基原啡因和鹽酸納洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride)的組合產品，如Suboxone®(舌下溶片，鹽酸丁基原啡因和鹽酸納洛酮的比例為4：1)、Zubsolv®(舌下錠)、Bunavail®(口頰溶片)。Suboxone在對應2至16mg舌下溶片的劑量下，治療濃度(Cmax)的範圍為1至6ng/mL。此外，丁基原啡因也是具效力的κ鴉片類受體促效劑，可帶來降低耐受性及抗憂鬱的功效。近來，丁基原啡因被製作成組合產品ALK-5461，其由丁基原啡因(κ-受體促效劑)和samidorphan(μ-受體促效劑)所組成，具有抗憂鬱的功效。
先前研究已揭露各種丁基原啡因的衍生物，其中，將酚基以酯鍵鍵結是很常見的修飾。合成此等酯類衍生物並和丁基原啡因、以及其鹽酸鹽比較之間的差異。Stinchcomb等人(Pharm.Res.,1995,12,1526-1529)發表有關丁基原啡 因的3-烷基酯類衍生物(化學式II，R=乙醯基、丙醯基、丁醯基、戊醯基、己醯基、庚醯基)。此等衍生物被視為前驅藥，可改善母化合物的物化性質，增加相關的皮膚滲透率，參見下列文獻：Biol.Pharm.Bull.,1996,19,263-267；Pharm.Res.,1996,13,1519-1523。
如下述，數個C3位置經酯化的丁基原啡因衍生物及其應用已被揭露於多個專利，例如授予Euro Celtique SA公司的美國專利No.7,084,150係描述大量的丁基原啡因前驅藥及衍生物，包含經酯鍵或醚鍵修飾的衍生物；授予Jhi-Joung Wang的歐洲專利No.1422230係揭露丁基原啡因的二聚物和相似的烷羰基衍生物，利用前驅藥策略和油類載體，經由肌肉注射或皮下注射導入，展現5小時到96小時的鎮痛作用。
一系列的丁基原啡因酯類衍生物亦被揭示於授予Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare有限公司(英國)的美國專利No.7,964,610中，丁基原啡因係經二羧酸類或酯類修飾，然後，此等衍生物係應用於治療鴉片類藥物濫用/依賴、或治療中度至重度疼痛。
已有多種緩釋設計用於丁基原啡因以治療鴉片類依 賴症和慢性疼痛，例如Titan pharmaceuticals股份有限公司發展一種稱為Probuphine®的鹽酸丁基原啡因之皮下植入物產品，採用創新的藥物傳輸系統ProNeuraTM，其為由乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)和藥物的混合物所製成。Probuphine®由手術植入病患體內，並於治療後以手術移除，為每6個月一次。
Camurus公司發展一種稱為FluidCrystal®的創新藥物傳輸系統，為磷脂醯膽鹼和甘油二油酸酯構成的脂質液晶，此製劑被揭示於美國專利公開號No.2013/0190341，是設計作為治療鴉片類依賴症和慢性疼痛的丁基原啡因之長效產品，為每週或每個月以皮下注射施用。
Brookwood Pharmaceuticals股份有限公司的美國專利公開號No.2003/0152638係揭露含有丁基原啡因和聚(D,L-乳酸交酯)(poly(D,L-lactide))的緩慢釋放、微球體之可注射製劑，可用於治療海洛因(heroin)和酒精的濫用，對於哺乳類動物具有至少28天的療效。
Oakwood Laboratories公司的美國專利公開號No.2014/0271869係揭露可生物分解的製劑，使用其專利技術ChronijectTM，該平台為以聚合物為主的可注射微球系統，用於藥物傳輸。丁基原啡因的微球可生產為具有更高的藥物載量，並且宣稱可達成持續釋放至少1個月至數個月。
Indivior PLC公司的WO 2011/154724開發每月一次的存積(monthly depot)，採用Atrigel系統來產生用於治療鴉片類依賴症的可注射的可流動製劑，成分包含丁基原啡因 游離鹼(free base)、生物可分解的聚合物和生物相容性溶劑，注射該溶解的液體後，在原位置(in situ)形成固態植入物，提供1個月到3個月的釋放曲線。除此之外，專利公開號WO 2011/154725和WO 2015/136253分別揭露了懸浮液和溶液設計。在含水條件下，該懸浮液由丁基原啡因及聚乙二醇聚合物所構成，經單一肌肉內注射或皮下注射於狗的體內，提供7到30天的治療期。至於該揭露的溶液，由丁基原啡因或是其鹽之形式、以及生物可分解的有機溶劑所組成，其中不含生物可分解的聚合物。該製劑經單一皮下注射於米格魯獵犬體內後，可提供至少1個月的治療期。
依據上述內容，該等先前技術系統可進行持續釋放，然而，仍需發展具有更好特性的製劑，例如更簡單的製作過程、便利的施用步驟、無嚴重初始突釋現象(initial burst)的穩定釋放曲線、或單一注射後能達到更長的有效治療期。
本發明的具體實施例是關於一種丁基原啡因、其前驅藥或其代謝物的緩釋醫藥組成物，其在原位置形成存積以維持至少1週至數個月的有效治療期。
本發明的一態樣是關於可注射醫藥組成物。根據本發明的一具體實施例的可注射醫藥組成物包含於生物相容性有機溶劑中的3-醯基-丁基原啡因或其醫藥上可接受之鹽的溶液，其中，當注射該可注射醫藥組成物到病患或動物體內後，呈現穩定的釋放曲線超過1週。
根據本發明的具體實施例，醯基為烷羰基或芳基羰基，該烷羰基的烷基部分具有1至20個碳原子的直鏈或支鏈，該芳基羰基的芳基部分具有6至18個碳原子的芳香環。
根據本發明的具體實施例，生物相容性有機溶劑是N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、丁醇、2-丁醇、異丁醇、異丙醇、甘油、苯甲酸芐酯、二甲亞碸、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、丙二醇、二甲基乙二醇、苯甲醇、酯、醚、醯胺、碳酸鹽、內醯胺、磺醯基或其任何組合。
根據本發明的具體實施例，3-醯基-丁基原啡因或其醫藥上可接受之鹽係以濃度1至99% w/v存在，較佳是5至90% w/v，更佳是10至80%，最佳是10至60% w/v。
根據本發明的具體實施例，可注射醫藥組成物可進一步含有防腐劑。根據本發明的具體實施例，該防腐劑為選自由對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、苯甲醇所組成的群組。
根據本發明的具體實施例，可注射之醫藥組成物係配製成用於皮下注射、肌肉內注射或是皮內注射。
本發明的另一態樣是關於治療鴉片類成癮症、疼痛或憂鬱的方法。根據本發明的一具體實施例的方法包含對有其需要的受試者施用治療有效量的可注射醫藥組成物，該可注射醫藥組成物係依據以上任何具體實施例所述。
根據本發明的具體實施例，進行施用的頻率為每週一次、每月一次，較佳是每3個月一次，以及更佳是每6個月一次。
本發明的其他態樣將以附圖和以下實施方式呈現。
第1圖顯示根據本發明具體實施例的包含各種丁基原啡因衍生物之製劑之體外溶離曲線；第2圖顯示根據本發明具體實施例的包含各種重量比和溶劑組合的丁基原啡因癸酸酯製劑之體外溶離曲線；第3圖顯示根據本發明具體實施例的包含丁基原啡因己酯酯和丁基原啡因十二烷酸酯於各種溶劑之製劑之體外溶離曲線；第4圖顯示根據本發明具體實施例的包含丁基原啡因的製劑SL006，以劑量30mg/kg、60mg/kg、90mg/kg經皮下注射於大鼠體內後，丁基原啡因的平均血漿濃度；第5圖顯示根據本發明具體實施例的包含丁基原啡因的製劑SL031，以劑量60mg/kg經皮下注射於大鼠體內後，丁基原啡因的平均血漿濃度；以及第6圖顯示根據本發明具體實施例的包含丁基原啡因的製劑SL035，以劑量60mg/kg經皮下注射於大鼠體內後，丁基原啡因的平均血漿濃度。
本發明的具體實施例係關於丁基原啡因衍生物製劑，該製劑於施用單一劑量到需要治療的受試者體內後，呈現長期持續的釋放曲線，且沒有或是只有極少的初始突釋現象。該治療可包含對鴉片類成癮症、疼痛或憂鬱的治療。根據本發明的具體實施例，此丁基原啡因衍生物是3- 烷基酯衍生物，即為丁基原啡因的3-羥基(苯酚)和烷羰基化或芳基羰基化(醯基化)試劑之間所構成之酯。
根據本發明的具體實施例，烷羰基或芳基羰基(如醯基)試劑(R-CO-X)(其中R是烷基或芳基殘基)可為醯氯、醯基酸酐或醯基活性酯。烷羰基的烷基部分可以是直鏈或支鏈烷基，含有任何合適的碳原子數，如1-20(C1-C20)、1-18(C1-C18)、1-16(C1-C16)、1-12(C1-C12)、1-10(C1-C10)、1-5(C1-C5)、或是1-3(C1-C3)。烷羰基(如醯基)的實例可包含乙醯基、丙醯基、丁醯基、硬脂醯基、以及棕櫚醯基。本文中芳基羰基的芳基部分，廣義來說不只包含芳基，還有包含芳烷基，其中烷基部分的定義係如上述內容。該芳基羰基的芳基部分可以是C6-C18的芳香環，例如苯基或萘基。
根據本發明的具體實施例，丁基原啡因衍生物可採用常見的方法合成，丁基原啡因或其鹽可購自數種商業來源，例如：西格瑪奧德里奇(Sigma-Aldrich)。製備丁基原啡因衍生物時，是在非親核性鹼(如：三乙胺)存在的情況下，將丁基原啡因(或其鹽)和醯氯進行反應，形成酯鍵產物(如：3-醯基-丁基原啡因或3-烷羰基-丁基原啡因)可利用常見的方法純化(例如：管柱層析法)。
如本文所述，丁基原啡因衍生物意指為3-醯基-丁基原啡因(3-烷羰基-丁基原啡因或3-芳基羰基-丁基原啡因)或是其鹽。本發明的丁基原啡因衍生物可用作為前驅藥，其可轉變成母化合物丁基原啡因。
本發明的製劑可包含溶於一種或多種合適的生物相 容性溶劑的丁基原啡因衍生物。該丁基原啡因衍生物可為游離鹼的形式或其醫藥上可接受鹽，例如：HCl鹽、甲酸鹽、乙酸鹽等。該生物相容性溶劑可為有機溶劑，例如：N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、乙醇(EtOH)、丁醇、2-丁醇、異丁醇、甘油、苯甲酸芐酯(BnBzO)、二甲亞碸、丙二醇、二甲基乙二醇、和苯甲醇。
本發明的製劑可包含呈任何適當濃度的丁基原啡因衍生物或其鹽，如1-99% w/v的濃度，較佳係1-90% w/v，更佳係5-90% w/v，更佳係5-80% w/v，更佳係10-70% w/v，更佳係10-60% w/v。應注意本文中所揭露的數字範圍，意欲包含範圍內的所有數字，即這些數字已是各別被揭露。
本發明的製劑可進一步包含其他醫藥上可接受的賦形劑、載體、稀釋液或防腐劑。根據本發明具體實施例，防腐劑較佳係選自由對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、苯甲醇所組成的群組。
本發明的製劑沒有非所欲的初始突釋現象。然而，由於丁基原啡因衍生物和生物相容性溶劑的特殊結合，此等製劑可在施用位置形成存積，以維持丁基原啡因衍生物、丁基原啡因或是丁基原啡因代謝物長期穩定的釋放。因此，本發明的製劑可達到少量或是沒有初始突釋現象(避免非所欲的不良反應)，並且還可維持丁基原啡因的長期治療有效。根據本發明的具體實施例，長期(或是穩定的釋放曲線)係可持續超過1週，較佳係超過2週，更佳係超過1個 月，最佳是超過2個月(例如：3個月、4個月、5個月、6個月或更長期)。
因為此等製劑沒有明顯的初始突釋現象，所以可以更高劑量給予，如高達800mg/Kg體重，較佳為120mg/Kg，更佳為60mg/Kg，最佳為40mg/kg。治療有效劑量係將達到預期療效的劑量，本領域技術人員能瞭解有許多因素會影響治療有效劑量，如病患健康狀況、年齡、性別、體重、給藥途徑等，並且可在沒有付出創造性勞力的情況下，判定治療有效劑量。
由於丁基原啡因衍生物和生物相容性溶劑的特殊結合，本發明的製劑具有減少注射頻率以及提升病患服藥順從性的優點。
本發明的具體實施例將藉由以下特定實施例作進一步解釋。然而，本領域技術人員瞭解此等實施例僅作為例示性說明，並且可有不違背本發明範圍的修改與變化。
丁基原啡因衍生物採用典型的方法合成，如下所述。將鹽酸丁基原啡因和二氯甲烷加入三頸圓底燒瓶形成懸浮液，放置於冰浴冷卻。之後，一邊攪拌一邊緩慢加入三乙胺，接著於燒瓶中滴入醯氯。可使用任何合適的脂肪酸之醯氯，例如：C1-C20醯氯，較佳係C2-C18醯氯，更佳係C2-C12醯氯。移除冰浴後，在氮氣環境和室溫下進行酯化反應，反應混合物和飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液進行中和反應。將有機層用鹽水清洗，再用硫酸鈉進行乾燥。減壓濃縮後，利用 矽膠管柱層析法純化粗製的丁基原啡因衍生物。
將丁基原啡因衍生物(10wt%-60wt%)加入玻璃小瓶，溶於一種或二種或二種以上的組合的生物相容性有機溶劑(例如：N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、乙醇(EtOH)、丁醇、2-丁醇、異丁醇、甘油、苯甲酸芐酯(BnBzO)、二甲亞碸、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、丙二醇、二甲基乙二醇、苯甲醇)。將混合物在室溫下不斷攪拌，或稍微加熱，直到所有成分都溶解。示例性製劑組成物係列於表1。
將實施例2的製劑進行體外溶離曲線評估。溶媒成分包含1%十二烷基硫酸鈉、0.02%疊氮化鈉於磷酸緩衝生理食鹽水中，而製劑SL028和S032的溶媒成分包含0.2%十二烷基硫酸鈉、0.02%疊氮化鈉於磷酸緩衝生理食鹽水中。將試管置於轉速60rpm的往復式振盪器，水浴溫度55℃。在特定的時間拿出試管，取樣1mL的溶液，再補充1mL新的溶媒於試管中。利用HPLC分析所取樣品中的丁基原啡因衍生物和其母化合物，丁基原啡因游離鹼。溶離曲線係示於第1至3圖和表2至4。
將實施例2的製劑以30-90mg丁基原啡因/kg的劑量皮下注射至CD®(SD)品系之IGS雄性大鼠體內，於特定的時間點在尾靜脈採血，離心取得血漿樣品後冷凍儲存，用於稍後分析。利用LC-MS/MS分析血漿樣品中的丁基原啡因濃度，結果如表5至7和第4至6圖所示。
本發明的製劑採用前驅藥策略和原位置存積形成的方式，出乎意料地呈現零級釋放曲線，並無初始突釋現象，詳見第4至6圖。相反地，先前技術的製劑典型地呈現顯著的初始突釋現象，接著逐漸減少藥物的釋放/吸收。初始突釋現象限制住可用於單一施用的最高劑量；除此之外，因為無法接受初始突釋現象階段的高劑量，可能會發生不良反應。
相反地，因為沒有初始突釋現象，本發明的製劑可提供更高濃度之單一劑量，而不會導致不良反應。每次施用更高濃度劑量的可以讓單一劑量持續更久，其即為所欲之緩釋製劑。另外，本發明製劑的零級釋放曲線將確保有效劑量的長持續時間，延長治療有效期間達數個月之久。本發明製劑之此等高度所欲的性質係可歸因於使用前驅藥(C3-醯基-丁基原啡因，亦即：丁基原啡因的苯酚形成醯基酯類)和用於原位置形成存積的製劑。
即使本發明係針對數量有限之具體實施例進行敘述，然受惠於本揭露的本領域技術人員將理解，在不違背本文所揭露之發明範圍，可設計出其他具體實施例。因此，本發明範圍應僅受限於所附之申請專利範圍。
Claims (13)
- 一種可注射醫藥組成物，包含溶於生物相容性有機溶劑中的3-醯基-丁基原啡因或其醫藥上可接受之鹽的溶液，其中，當注射該可注射醫藥組成物至病患或動物體內，該可注射醫藥組成物呈現穩定的釋放曲線持續超過一週。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的可注射醫藥組成物，其中，該醯基包含烷羰基，且該烷羰基的烷基部分具有1至20個碳原子的直鏈或支鏈。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的可注射醫藥組成物，其中，該醯基係包含芳基羰基，且該芳基羰基的芳基部分具有6至18個碳原子的芳香環。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項所述的可注射醫藥組成物，其中，該生物相容性有機溶劑係選自由N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、丁醇、2-丁醇、異丁醇、異丙醇、甘油、苯甲酸芐酯、二甲亞碸、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、丙二醇、二甲基乙二醇、苯甲醇，以及其二種或二種以上的組合所組成之群組中之一者。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的可注射醫藥組成物，其中，該3-醯基-丁基原啡因或其醫藥上可接受之鹽係以1至99% w/v的濃度範圍存在。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的可注射醫藥組成物，進一步包含選自由下列所組成之群組的防腐劑：對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、以及苯甲醇。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的可注射醫藥組成物，其中，該可注射醫藥組成物係配製成用於皮下注射、肌肉注射或皮內注射。
- 一種治療鴉片類成癮症、疼痛或憂鬱的方法，包含施用治療有效量的如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項所述的可注射醫藥組成物至有其需要之受試者。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的方法，其中，該施用為每週一次。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的方法，其中，該施用為每兩週一次。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的方法，其中，該施用為每個月一次。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的方法，其中，該施用為每3個月一次。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的方法，其中，該施用為每6個月一次。
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