TW201817370A - Light-sensing device for wearing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a light sensing device of a wearable apparatus, comprising a metallic member capable of moving between a distal-end position and a proximal-end position relative to a skin surface layer; a light sensing unit emitting light toward the skin surface layer and receiving the reflected light; a light guiding unit converging the scattering angle of the emitted light, and a control unit electrically connected with the light sensing unit and the metallic member. The control unit reads a tight fit signal or a first response signal when the metallic member is located at the proximal-end position or the distal-end position, then a measured value related to the heart rate is calculated according to the sensed signal, and a preset action command is executed according to the first response signal. Accordingly, by using the light guiding unit to reduce the light scattering and interference and by using the signal fed back by the metallic member, the stability and reliability are enhanced when the heart rate is calculated under the condition that the comfort wearing is not affected by the adjustment of wearing tightness.

Description

Light sensing device of wear-through equipment

The invention relates to a light-sensing device, in particular to a light-sensing device of a wear-type device.

Generally speaking, there are three methods for monitoring heart rate. The first method is photoelectric detection, which mainly uses reflected light to detect changes in blood in blood vessels due to small fluctuations. The second method is to detect The method of ECG signal is similar to that of ECG. It mainly locates the electrode in the chest and detects the ECG pulse signal. The disadvantage is that it is susceptible to electromagnetic interference and the electrode must be close to the skin. This is a fatal problem for sports wear; The third method is the vibration measurement method, which mainly uses high-precision sensors to capture the vibration of the body caused by the heartbeat. The disadvantage is that it is not suitable for wearing during sports.

The mainstream wearable devices on the market, such as the light-sensitive Xiaomi bracelet and Apple Watch, generally use the photoelectric detection method. The main reasons are low power consumption and relatively low component costs. However, the photoelectric detection method is used in signal sampling. The most direct effect is that the wearer chooses different wearing tightness because of wearing comfort. There are shortcomings such as instability of the signal and insufficient reliability and stability.

Although each manufacturer has a special compensation design, such as using "light" to measure the change in distance, in addition to increasing power consumption and shortening the standby time of wearable devices, it is important to use light There are too many restrictions to measure the distance from the skin. For example, it is easy to have problems with unstable signals due to skin color, skin depth, tattoos, etc.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, the aforementioned photodetection methods are generally located at adjacent positions, and at least one light emitter 91 that emits light and one light receiver 92 that receives reflected light are provided. However, since the light is scattered when it is emitted, the light receiver 92 is likely to be directly affected by the strong interference source formed by the scattered light 911 because of its proximity to the light transmitter 91 when receiving light, which affects the accuracy of the signal.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a light-sensing device of a wear-type device capable of improving reliability and stability.

Therefore, the light-sensing device of the wear-through device of the present invention is suitable for sensing changes in the heartbeat of an animal. The animal includes a skin surface. The light-sensing device includes: a metal piece, a light-sensing unit, a light-guiding unit, and A control unit.

The light sensing unit includes at least one light transmitter that emits light toward the skin surface layer along an optical axis direction, and at least one light receiver for receiving reflected light, and the light receiver sends a sensing signal.

The light guide unit converges the scattering angle of the emitted light relative to the light emitter, so that the emitted light travels toward the skin surface layer.

The control unit is electrically connected to the light sensing unit and the metal part, and reads a tight-fit signal when the metal part is at the proximal position, and reads a first when the metal part is at the first distal position. The response signal, and then a measurement value related to the heart rate is calculated according to the sensing signal, and a preset motion command is executed according to the first response signal.

The effect of the present invention is that the light guide unit is used to reduce light scattering and interference, and the signal fed back by the metal piece can improve the calculation of heart rate without affecting the wearing comfort due to the adjustment of the wearing tension. Stability and reliability.

Before the present invention is described in detail, it should be noted that in the following description, similar elements are represented by the same numbers.

Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, a first embodiment of a light sensing device according to the present invention is installed in a wearable device 1. The wearable device 1 is a bracelet in this embodiment, and includes a loop 11 that can surround the skin surface layer 2 of the animal, and a carrier 12 attached to the loop 11. The light sensing device includes a metal member 3, a light sensing unit 4, a light guiding unit 5, and a control unit 6.

The metal part 3 is disposed on the carrier 12 and includes a flat surface 31 facing the skin surface layer 2, a through opening 32 penetrating through the flat surface 31, two through openings 33 penetrating through the flat surface 31, and defining respective through holes. Two reflective torus surfaces 34 of the mouth 33. The reflective torus 34 is separated from the plane 31 by an included angle θ, and the included angle θ is greater than 90 degrees. The metal piece 3 changes with the tightness of the loop 11 at a proximal position L1 (as shown in FIG. 7), a first distal position L21 (as shown in FIG. 7) capable of generating electrical induction with the skin surface layer 2, and a The second distal position L31 (as shown in FIG. 7) is moved, and the metal member 3 is further located in a disengaged position that does not generate electrical induction with the skin surface layer 2.

When the metal member 3 is located at the proximal position L1, the metal member 3 is adjacent to the skin surface layer 2, and when the metal member 3 is located at the first distal position L2, the metal member 3 is away from the skin surface layer 2 and located at A limit position capable of generating electrical induction with the skin surface layer 2. When the metal member 3 is located at the second distal position L3, the metal member 3 is located between the skin surface layer 2 and the first distal position L2.

Referring to FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6, the light sensing unit 4 includes a light emitter 41 that emits light toward the skin surface layer 2 along an optical axis L, and two light receivers 42 for receiving reflected light. . Each of the light emitters 41 also has an emitting end 411 passing between the respective reflecting torus surfaces 34. The light receiver 42 sends out a sensing signal W, and has a receiving end 421 facing the skin surface layer 2 and passing through the through opening 32 of the metal member 3.

The light guiding unit 5 includes a panel 51 covering the light sensing unit 4 and transmitting light, two light guiding pillars 52, and two light conducting media 53. Each light guide post 52 is disposed between the panel 51 and a transmitting end 411 of a respective light emitter 41. In this embodiment, the light guide pillars 52 are integrally formed with the panel 51 and are made of plastic material, which can be PC, acrylic, but not limited thereto. Each of the light guide pillars 52 has a function of converging the scattering angle of the emitted light relative to the light emitter 41. Each light-transmitting medium 53 is filled between the emitting end 411 of the respective light emitter 41 and the respective light-guiding pillar 52. The error between the refractive index of the light-transmitting medium 53 and the refractive index of the light-guiding pillar 52 is -0.5. ~ 0.5, preferably, the refractive index of the light-transmitting medium 53 is the same as the refractive index of the light-guiding pillar 52, which can reduce the deflection angle of light and increase the speed of light travel.

The control unit 6 is disposed on the carrier 12 and is electrically connected to the light sensing unit 4 and the metal part 3, and reads a tight-fit signal M _on when the metal part 3 is located at the proximal position L1, and the metal A first response signal M1 is read when the piece 3 is located at the first remote position L2, and a second response signal M2 is read when the metal piece 3 is located at the second remote position L3, and the metal piece 3 is located at the first When the position is disengaged, a disengagement signal M _off is read, and a measurement value D related to heart rate is calculated according to the sensing signal W. According to a first compensation mechanism corresponding to the first response signal M1, the measurement value D is taken as Based on this, a first heart rate value D1 is calculated, a second heart rate value D2 is calculated based on a second compensation mechanism corresponding to the second response signal M2, and based on the measured value D, and according to the detachment signal M _off It is determined that the wearable device is detached from the body 1, and the light sensing unit 4 is controlled to stop the sensing action.

It is worth noting that the aforementioned electrical induction may be a capacitance induction technology, or an electrical induction technology, or a resistance induction technology, whereby the tight-fit signal M _on , the first response signal M1, the second response signal M2, and the disengagement The signal M _{off is} respectively obtained by amplifying and analogizing one of the capacitance value, the inductance value and the resistance value respectively generated. In this embodiment, the aforementioned electrical induction uses a capacitive induction technology. Since those with ordinary knowledge in the art can infer the extended details based on the above description, they will not be described further.

Referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 6, when the change of the heartbeat of an animal is sensed, the light emitters 41 emit light toward the skin surface layer 2. At this time, the emitted light passes through the light-conducting media 53 and respectively enters the front of the skin. In the isotropic light guide 52, since the refractive index of the light conducting medium 53 is close to or the same as the refractive index of the light guide 52, the deflection angle of the emitted light can be reduced, and most of the emitted light can be along the optical axis L. Direction, enter the light guide pillars 52 smoothly, and reduce the loss caused by the pitch or the interface when the emitted light enters the respective light guide pillars 52 from the respective light emitters 41, and increase the speed of light travel.

And because the light guide pillars 52 have the effect of converging the scattering angle of the emitted light, most of the emitted light entering the light guide pillars 52 will follow the skin surface layer 2 in the forward direction of the optical axis L, and a small part The emitted light will also be reflected after advancing to the reflective torus 34, and will be deflected toward the optical axis L and continue to travel toward the skin surface layer 2 forward.

This not only can effectively reduce the loss of emitted light, but also can prevent the emitted light from traveling toward the light receiver 42 and greatly increase the light energy traveling to the skin surface layer 2, so that the light receiver 42 can smoothly receive the light from the skin The reflected light reflected by the surface layer 2 obtains a stable sensing signal W.

Referring to FIG. 3, FIG. 6, and FIG. 7, when the wearer has different personal preferences, the tightness of the loop 11 is adjusted so that the carrier 12 together with the panel 51 of the light guide unit 5 abuts on the When the skin surface layer 2 or a gap is formed with the skin surface layer 2, the metal part 3 will have different capacitance changes because of the gap with the skin surface layer 2. Thus, the control unit 6 can respond to the generated tightness. With the signal M _on , or the first response signal M1, or the second response signal M2, a different mechanism is used to calculate the heart rate.

For example, when the control unit 6 reads the tight-fit signal M _on , it means that the carrier 12 together with the panel 51 of the light guide unit 5 is abutted on the skin surface layer 2. In this state, due to the light receiving The device 42 can obtain a stable sensing signal W, whereby the control unit 6 can directly calculate a measurement value D related to the heart rate based on the sensing signal W without the need to bring in other compensation methods.

When the control unit 6 reads the first response signal M1 or the second response signal M2, it indicates that the carrier 12 together with the panel 51 of the light guide unit 5 forms a gap with the skin surface layer 2, and the light receiver 42 It is very likely that a stable sensing signal W cannot be obtained because of the aforementioned gap, whereby the control unit 6 introduces a first compensation mechanism or a second compensation mechanism, and calculates the first heart rate based on the measurement value D Value D1, or the second heart rate value D2.

It is worth noting that, in this embodiment, the first compensation mechanism or the second compensation mechanism respectively uses the energy of light to increase, and when the metal piece 3 is located at the first remote position, the light sensing unit is driven. 4 Energy of light required> When the metal piece 3 is located at the second distal position, the energy of light required to drive the light sensing unit 4> When the metal piece 3 is located at the proximal position, the light feeling The energy of the light required by the unit 4.

Of course, the foregoing first compensation mechanism or the second compensation mechanism may also be introduced with a method of increasing the sampling frequency or other correction mechanisms, thereby improving the stability when the sensing signal W is obtained. Since those with ordinary knowledge in the art can infer the extended details based on the above description, they will not be described further.

Referring to FIG. 8, a second embodiment of the present invention is substantially the same as the first embodiment. The difference is that the wear-through device 1 further includes an alarm 13 and a communication module 14.

The warning device 13 may be a speaker that transmits sound, a light-emitting element that transmits bright light, a display that displays characters or graphics, or a vibrator that generates vibration.

The control unit 6 is electrically connected to the warning device 13, the light sensing unit 4, the metal part 3, and the communication module 14, and when the metal part 3 is located at the proximal position, a tight-fit signal M _on is read. A first response signal M is read when the metal piece 3 is in the distal position, and a disconnection signal M _off is read when the metal piece 3 is in the disengaged position. Then, a heart rate-related signal is calculated based on the sensing signal W. A measurement value generates a warning message S according to the first response signal M, and determines that the wearable device is detached from the skin surface layer 2 according to the detachment signal M _off , and controls the light sensing unit 4 to stop the sensing action. The warning message S and the warning device 13 can be one of sound, light, text, graphics, and vibration.

When the control unit 6 reads the first response signal M, it indicates that the carrier 12 together with the panel 51 of the light guide unit 5 forms a gap with the skin surface layer 2, and the light receiver 42 is likely to be unable due to the aforementioned gap. Obtain a stable sensing signal W, whereby the control unit 6 will generate a warning message S to cause the warning message S to propagate through the warning device 13 and warn the wearer that the distance between the carrier 12 and the skin surface layer 2 is abnormal, The tightness of the endless belt 2 needs to be adjusted.

At the same time, the control unit 6 can also transmit the warning message S to the third party through the communication module 14 for the third party to help adjust the tightness of the loop 2 so that the gap between the carrier 12 and the skin surface 2 conforms demand. In this way, the third party can assist the wearer without self-care ability, thereby improving the stability when acquiring the sensing signal W.

Through the above description, the advantages of the foregoing embodiments can be summarized as follows:

1. The present invention can automatically improve the stability and reliability when calculating the heart rate with the compensation mechanism in accordance with the change in the distance from the skin surface layer 1, or notify the wearer to adjust the tightness required to the demand with the warning message S, which can also improve Stability and reliability when calculating heart rate.

2. Due to the aforementioned compensation mechanism, under the premise that the heart rate calculation is reliable, the wearer can arbitrarily adjust the tightness of the loop 2 to improve the comfort during long-term wear.

3. The present invention only needs to use a metal piece 3 to obtain the change of the gap with the skin surface layer 2 without affecting the original sensing method of the light sensing unit 4 without being affected by skin color, skin depth, tattoos, etc. Disturbance, not only has high sensing sensitivity, but also low power consumption.

4. It is important that the light guide unit 5 of the present invention can reduce light scattering and interference, which can not only effectively reduce the loss of emitted light, but also prevent the emitted light from traveling toward the light receiver 42 and greatly improve its travel to the skin. The light energy of the surface layer 2 can not only obtain a more stable sensing signal W, but also further improve the stability and reliability when calculating the heart rate. It can also greatly reduce the power consumption and make the wearable device have better battery life.

However, the above are only examples of the present invention. When the scope of implementation of the present invention cannot be limited by this, any simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application and the contents of the patent specification of the present invention are still Within the scope of the invention patent.

1‧‧‧ Wear-through equipment

11‧‧‧ Annulus

12‧‧‧ carrier

13‧‧‧Warning device

14‧‧‧Communication Module

2‧‧‧ skin surface

3‧‧‧ metal parts

31‧‧‧plane

32‧‧‧ pass

33‧‧‧ wear mouth

34‧‧‧Reflecting torus

4‧‧‧light sensor

41‧‧‧light transmitter

411‧‧‧ Launcher

42‧‧‧light receiver

421‧‧‧Receiver

5‧‧‧light guide unit

51‧‧‧ Panel

52‧‧‧light guide

53‧‧‧light-transmitting medium

6‧‧‧Control unit

7‧‧‧Communication Module

W‧‧‧sensing signal

L1‧‧‧ Proximal position

L2‧‧‧First remote position

L3‧‧‧Second remote position

L‧‧‧ remote position

M _on ‧‧‧ Tight fit signal

M _off ‧‧‧

M1‧‧‧First response signal

M2‧‧‧Second response signal

M‧‧‧First response signal

D‧‧‧Measured value

D1‧‧‧First Heart Rate

D2‧‧‧Second heart rate value

S‧‧‧Warning message

L‧‧‧ Optical axis

Other features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the embodiment with reference to the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the light emitted by a light transmitter and a light receiver received by a general photoelectric detection method; Situation; FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a first embodiment of the light sensing device of the wear-through device of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the first embodiment; FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the first embodiment FIG. 5 is an exploded sectional view of the first embodiment; FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of the first embodiment; FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating the positional relationship between the first embodiment and a skin surface layer; and FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the light sensing device of the wear-through device of the present invention.

Claims (24)

A light-sensing device of a wear-through device is suitable for sensing changes in the heartbeat of an animal. The animal includes a skin surface layer. The light-sensing device includes: a metal piece at a proximal position capable of generating electrical induction with the skin surface layer. And a first distal position, the metal member is adjacent to the skin surface layer at the proximal position, and the metal member is away from the skin surface layer at the first distal position; a light sensing unit includes At least one light transmitter that emits light toward the skin surface layer in the direction of the optical axis, and at least one light receiver for receiving reflected light, the light receiver sends a sensing signal; a light guide unit opposite to the light transmitter Converge the scattering angle of the emitted light so that the emitted light travels towards the skin surface; and a control unit that is electrically connected to the light sensing unit and the metal part, and reads a tight-fit signal when the metal part is at the proximal position Reading a first response signal when the metal piece is at the first remote position, and then calculating a measurement value related to the heart rate based on the sensing signal, And executing a preset action command according to the first response signal. The light-sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 1, wherein the metal piece includes a plane facing the skin surface layer, the light emitter has an emitting end facing the skin surface layer, and the light receiver has an orientation A receiving end of the skin surface. The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 2, wherein the metal piece further includes at least one through hole penetrating the plane and for the light receiver to pass out, and at least one through hole for the light transmitter to pass through. One mouth. The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 3, wherein the metal part further includes a reflective annular surface surrounding the transmitting end of the light emitter and defining the through opening, and the reflective annular surface can reflect light , The light is deflected toward the optical axis and travels toward the skin surface layer. The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 4, wherein the reflective torus is separated from the plane by an included angle, and the included angle is greater than 90 degrees. The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 3, wherein the light guide unit includes at least one light guide post, and the light guide post is opposite to the emitting end of the light emitter and is located on the light emitter and the skin surface layer between. The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 6, wherein the light guide unit further includes a light conducting medium filled between the emitting end of the light emitter and the light guide post, and the light conducting medium is refracted The error between the refractive index and the refractive index of the light guide column is between -0.5 and 0.5. The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 7, wherein the light sensing unit further includes a plurality of light emitters, the metal piece further includes a plurality of through holes, and the light guide unit further includes a plurality of light guides. Each of the light pillars is perforated by a respective light emitter, and each light guide pillar is located between the respective light emitter and the surface layer of the skin opposite to the emitting end of the respective light emitter. The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 6, wherein the light guide unit further includes a panel that can transmit light and cover the light sensing unit, and the light guide post is disposed between the panel and the light emitter. . The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 9, wherein the panel of the light guide unit is integrally formed with the light guide post and is a plastic material. The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 1, wherein the first response signal and the tight-fit signal are respectively converted by analogy from one of a capacitance value, an inductance value, and a resistance value respectively generated. The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 1, wherein the metal part is further located in a disengaged position that does not generate electrical induction with the skin surface layer, and when the metal part is in the disengaged position, the control unit A detachment signal is read, and the wearable device is judged to be detached from the skin surface layer according to the detachment signal. The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 12, wherein the control unit controls the light sensing unit to stop the sensing action after reading the disengagement signal. The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 1, wherein the action instruction executed by the control unit is based on a first compensation mechanism corresponding to the first response signal, and based on the measured value, calculates a First heart rate value. The light-sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 14, wherein the first compensation mechanism takes the energy of light as a means, and when the metal part is located at the first remote position, the light-sensing unit needs Energy of light> When the metal piece is located at the proximal position, the energy of light required by the light sensing unit. The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 15, wherein the metal part is further located at a second distal position between the skin surface layer and the first distal position, and the metal part is located at the second distal position In the second remote position, the control unit reads a second response signal and calculates a second heart rate value based on the measurement value based on a second compensation mechanism corresponding to the second response signal. The light-sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 16, wherein the second compensation mechanism takes the energy of light as a means, and when the metal part is located at the first remote position, the light-sensing unit needs Energy of light> When the metal part is at the second distal position, the energy of light required by the light sensing unit> When the metal part is at the proximal position, the energy of light required by the light sensing unit . The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 1, wherein the action instruction executed by the control unit is to generate a warning message according to the first response signal to warn that the distance between the carrier and the skin surface layer is abnormal. The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 18, the wear-through device comprising a carrier on which the light-sensing device is mounted, and a warning device provided on the carrier, wherein the warning message passes through the warning Device spread. The light sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 19, wherein the warning message may be one of sound, light, text, graphics, and vibration. The light-sensing device of the wear-through device according to claim 19, further comprising a communication module electrically connected to the control unit and used to communicate with a third party, and the control unit further transmits the signal according to the response signal. The communication module sends the warning message to the third party for the third party to help adjust the gap between the carrier and the skin surface layer. A light-sensing device of a wear-through device is suitable for sensing changes in the heartbeat of an animal. The animal includes a skin surface layer. The light-sensing device includes: a metal piece at a proximal position capable of generating electrical induction with the skin surface layer. And a first distal position, the metal member is adjacent to the skin surface layer in the proximal position, and the metal member is away from the skin surface layer in the first distal position; a light sensing unit includes A light transmitter that emits light toward the skin surface in the direction of the optical axis, and at least one light receiver for receiving reflected light, the light receiver sends a sensing signal; a light guide unit including at least one light guide post, and The light guide pole is opposite to the light emitting end of the light emitter, and is located between the light emitter and the skin surface layer, and is used to converge the scattering angle of the emitted light so that the emitted light travels toward the skin surface layer; and a control unit and the light sensor The unit and the metal part are electrically connected, and a tight-fit signal is read when the metal part is at the proximal position, and read when the metal part is at the first distal position. A first response signal, and then a measurement value related to the heart rate is calculated according to the sensing signal, and a preset motion command is executed according to the first response signal. A light-sensing device of a wear-through device is suitable for sensing changes in the heartbeat of an animal. The animal includes a skin surface layer. The light-sensing device includes: a metal piece at a proximal position capable of generating electrical induction with the skin surface layer. And a first distal position, the metal member is adjacent to the skin surface layer in the proximal position, and the metal member is away from the skin surface layer in the first distal position; a light sensing unit includes A light transmitter that emits light toward the skin surface in the direction of the optical axis, and at least one light receiver for receiving reflected light, the light receiver sends a sensing signal; a light guide unit including at least one light guide post, and The light guide pole is opposite to the emitting end of the light emitter, and is located between the light emitter and the skin surface layer, and is used to prevent the interference source formed by the emitted light from traveling toward the light receiver; and a control unit and the light sensor The unit and the metal piece are electrically connected, and a tight-fit signal is read when the metal piece is in the proximal position, and a first reading is read when the metal piece is in the first distal position. A response signal, and then a measurement value related to the heart rate is calculated according to the sensing signal, and a preset motion command is executed according to the first response signal. A light-sensing device of a wear-through device is suitable for sensing changes in the heartbeat of an animal. The animal includes a skin surface layer. The light-sensing device includes: a metal piece at a proximal position capable of generating electrical induction with the skin surface layer. And a first distal position, the metal member is adjacent to the skin surface layer in the proximal position, and the metal member is away from the skin surface layer in the first distal position; a light sensing unit includes A light transmitter that emits light toward the skin surface layer in the direction of the optical axis, and at least one light receiver for receiving reflected light, the light receiver sends a sensing signal; a light guide unit including a light transmitting and covering the A panel of the light-sensing unit and a light-transmitting medium filled between the emitting end of the light emitter and the light-guiding pillar. The error between the refractive index of the light-transmitting medium and the refractive index of the light-guiding pillar is between -0.5 and 0.5. ; And a control unit, which is electrically connected to the light sensing unit and the metal part, and reads a tight-fit signal when the metal part is at the proximal position, and the metal part is at the first position Reading a first end position when the response signal, is then calculated based on the sensing signal a measured value associated with the heart rate, and based on the first response signal performs a predetermined operation command.