TW201803456A - Feed for piglets - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a feed for piglets which is willingly eaten by piglets, can be smoothly blended with a solid-type formula feed, and can improve post-weaning weight gain. The feed for piglets, which is to be used as a mixture with water, is characterized by containing sodium alginate and water-soluble calcium.

Description

Piglet feed

The invention relates to a feed for piglets, a gel-like feed for piglets, a manufacturing method thereof, and a feeding method for piglets.

The feeding platform for fattening pigs (meat pigs) for edible animals is a lactation period from the newborn piglet until weaning at about 21 days of age, a nursery period of about 10 to 30 kg in weight, and 180 days of about 110 kg in weight. It consists of various periods such as the fattening period until the age of shipment.

During the lactation period, although the piglets start to be suckled by the sows shortly after birth, in order to achieve good final fattening performance, it is necessary to smoothly move from breast milk to a solid mixed feed. Feeding solid mixed feeds (also known as "artificial milk") are provided during lactation, making the feeding and management of customary solid mixed feeds an important issue.

For piglets, the transition from easily ingestible breast milk to solid mixed feeds can cause stress. How to reduce this pressure and smoothly move to solid mixed feeds will affect the growth performance of the subsequent nursery / finish period.

It is known that in order to reduce the pressure of piglets during feeding, they can smoothly move to solid mixed feeding For example, there are reports such as: having moderate elasticity, increasing taste by adding sweeteners and spices, and forming a gel-like mixed feed for piglets during the feeding period (Patent Document 1); The feed can be smoothly fed by being shaped into granules, crushed granules, and granules (Patent Document 2); by using dextrin and various sugars to adjust the sweetness and adhesion of the feed, A powdery feed that can increase the feeding rate of piglets (Patent Document 3). The technique of Patent Document 1 is to add water to a feed material, dissolve / cool it by heating, solidify it into a gelatinous, plate-like shape, dry the surface, and feed the cut-out shape to young animals.

[Prior technical literature] [Patent Literature]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-8640

[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-88178

[Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-135543

However, the present situation of piglets' biting and gaining performance of solid feed such as small pieces, powders, and pellets of Patent Documents 1 to 3 is still at an unsatisfactory stage. Further, as in Patent Document 1, when the mixed feed is formed into a gel form, it is necessary to perform a gelation step by heating and dissolving / cooling, and there is a concern that the operation becomes complicated.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and the object is to provide a piglet with a good bite, a smooth adaptation to a solid mixed feed, and an improvement in body mass after weaning. Feed for piglets and methods for raising piglets.

The inventors have studied intensively to solve this problem, and found that if a feed containing sodium alginate and water-soluble calcium is used, it will solidify (gel) even when mixed with water at any temperature, such as cold water, warm water, and if the The solidified gel-state feed is fed to the suckling piglets, which makes the bite good, and it can promote the weight gain when weaning.

That is, the present invention solves the above problems by using the following [1] to [7].

[1] A feed for piglets, which is a feed for piglets mixed with water, and is characterized by containing sodium alginate and water-soluble calcium.

[2] The feed for piglets according to [1], wherein the water-soluble calcium is calcium linoleate, calcium oleate, calcium ascorbate, calcium acetate, calcium formate, calcium lactate, calcium gluconate, calcium succinate, One or two or more of calcium citrate, calcium nitrate, calcium iodate, calcium chloride, and milk-derived calcium are selected. Milk-derived calcium is more preferred, and whole milk is more preferred. Powdered calcium.

[3] The feed for piglets according to [1] or [2], wherein the amount of sodium alginate in the feed after mixing the feed for piglets with water is 0.11 to 1% by mass, preferably 0.22 to 0.6% by mass %, And the amount of water-soluble calcium becomes 0.009 to 0.2% by mass, preferably 0.01 to 0.18% by mass, so that the feed for piglets contains sodium alginate and water-soluble calcium.

[4] The feed for piglets according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the mixing ratio of the feed for piglets and water is 1 part by mass with respect to the feed for piglets, and the water is 4 to 8 parts by mass. The feed for piglets contains 1 to 5 mass% of sodium alginate, preferably 2 to 3 mass%, and water-soluble calcium 0.08 to 1 mass%, preferably 0.09 to 0.9 mass%.

[5] A gelatinous feed for piglets, which is formed from the feed for piglets according to any one of [1] to [4], and water.

[6] A method for producing a gelatinous piglet feed, comprising the step of mixing the piglet feed according to any one of [1] to [4] with water.

[7] A method for feeding piglets, which comprises feeding the gelatinous piglet feed according to [5] or the gelatinous piglet feed manufactured according to the manufacturing method described in [6] from mid-lactation to weaning Piglets, or piglets immediately after weaning.

According to the present invention, by using a gel-like feed having a good bite, the weight gain of the piglets when weaning can be promoted. In addition, the piglets can smoothly adapt to the solid mixed feed, reduce the weaning pressure, and improve the feed intake and weight gain after weaning.

Alginic acid is a polymer acidic polysaccharide mainly composed of uronic acid (D-mannuronic acid and L-guluronic acid) distributed in brown algae, and has one carboxyl group in one constituent unit.

The sodium alginate used in the present invention is a water-soluble salt in which the carboxyl group and sodium ion of alginic acid are bonded, and belongs to the well-known feed additive and gelling agent.

Sodium alginate is commercially available and can be produced by a known method.

Furthermore, in the present invention, sodium alginate may be replaced and other alginic acid monovalent salts may be used instead. Alginic acid monovalent salts include, for example, alginic acid alkali metal salts such as potassium alginate, Ammonium alginate and other salts. From the viewpoint of usability, sodium alginate is preferred.

As long as the water-soluble calcium system used in the present invention is water-soluble and free calcium ions, it can be used as a feed material. Examples of water-soluble calcium systems include: calcium linoleate, calcium oleate, calcium ascorbate, calcium acetate, calcium formate, calcium lactate, calcium gluconate, calcium succinate, calcium citrate, calcium nitrate, calcium iodate, chloride Water-soluble calcium salts such as calcium. Furthermore, it may be calcium derived from milk, such as whole milk powder or skimmed milk powder, or other prepared milk powder, or calcium derived from feed ingredients other than milk. These systems can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

In the present invention, from the viewpoint of supplementing the piglets with calcium and nutrients at the same time, it is preferable to use calcium derived from milk, and more preferably to use calcium derived from whole milk powder.

The feed for piglets of the present invention is a feed for piglets mixed with water. If sodium alginate and water-soluble calcium in the feed for piglets are dissolved in water, it is convenient to be solidified (gelatinized) by an ionic cross-linking reaction, and it becomes a gel state feed with suppressed fluidity. Feed them to piglets. The state of the gel can be adjusted by the amount of water, and may have a certain shape or an irregular shape. Moreover, it is preferable that the form of the feed for piglets of this invention before mixing with water is a solid state, such as a powder, from a viewpoint of handling property.

The mixing ratio of piglet feed and water is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of piglet feed intake and disposal of gelled piglet feed, it is preferable to set water to 1 part by mass of piglet feed. It is 4 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 4 to 8 parts by mass. When 1 to 4 parts by mass of water is mixed with 1 part by mass of the feed for piglets, the water content of the gelatinous piglet feed is about 80 to 90% by mass.

The temperature of the water used in the production of the gelatinous piglet feed is not particularly limited, and cold water or warm water may be used. Therefore, it is troublesome to produce gelatinous piglet feed Low degree.

The hardness (mg / L) of water is preferably less than 200.

The content of sodium alginate and water-soluble calcium in the feed for piglets should be such an amount that it can be solidified when the feed for piglets is mixed with water.

From the viewpoints of elasticity, piglet hobby, and ease of handling, it is preferred that the amount of sodium alginate in the feed for piglets is 0.11 to 1 in the gelled piglet feed after mixing the feed for piglets with water. Sodium alginate is present in an amount of preferably 0.22 to 0.6% by mass.

For example, when 1 to 4 parts by mass of mixed water is used relative to 1 part by mass of feed for piglets, the content of sodium alginate in the feed for piglets is 1 to 5 mass%, preferably 2 to 3 mass%.

Furthermore, from the same point of view, in the gelled piglet feed after mixing the piglet feed with water, it is preferable that the amount of water-soluble calcium in the piglet feed is 0.009 to 0.2% by mass, preferably 0.01 to Water-soluble calcium was present in an amount of 0.18% by mass.

For example, when 1 to 4 parts by mass of mixed water is used for 1 part by mass of feed for piglets, the content of water-soluble calcium in the feed for piglets is 0.08 to 1% by mass, preferably 0.09 to 0.9% by mass.

For the content of sodium alginate and water-soluble calcium, the former can be determined according to the method (2003 Chapter 22 Alginic Acid and Sodium Alginate) included in the Food Sanitation Inspection Guide Food Additives Edition 2003, and the latter can be determined for the sample. The water extraction segment can be measured by measuring calcium according to a conventional method (atomic absorption method, etc.).

In the feed for piglets, in addition to the above ingredients, it can also be mixed as feed ingredients such as: corns such as maize, millet, brown rice, barley, wheat, rye; grains such as wheat bran; soybean oil meal, rapeseed oil meal and other plants Oil meals; animal feed such as fish meal, meat and bone meal; milk powders such as whole milk powder and skim milk powder; milk ingredients such as whey protein concentrate (WPC) and dry whey; table salt; In terms of preference, you can mix sugars such as glucose, oligosaccharides, and lactose; vitamins; calcium other than water-soluble calcium such as calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate; or other minerals; methionine, lysine, and glutamic acid And other amino acids; organic acids.

Among them, from the standpoint of not only being a source of calcium, close to the nutritional requirements of piglets, but also improving the preference of piglets, it is preferred to use milk ingredients, especially whole milk powder.

When using full-fat milk powder, it is preferable that the gelled piglet feed is mixed with water and mixed with water for the piglets, and the feed for the piglets is preferably 0.56 to 3% by mass, and more preferably 0.89 to 2.4%. An amount of% whole milk powder is present.

For example, the content of the whole milk powder in the feed for piglets is 5 to 15% by mass, preferably 8 to 12% by mass, when 4 to 8 parts by mass is used with respect to 1 part by mass of mixed water for the feed for piglets.

The gelatinous piglet feed can be fed to the piglets alone or with other solid mixed feeds. From the viewpoint of promoting the conversion from breast milk to solid mixed feed, it is more desirable to feed with other solid mixed feed. In this case, it is recommended to feed on top of other solid mixed feeds in the form of feeding (top dressing) gelled piglets. Other solid mixed feeds are, for example, feeds for finishing pigs during the nursery period.

The gelatinous feed for piglets is a feed suitable for feeding piglets, and is preferably fed from the lactation period to the weaning period. Piglets can also be fed shortly after weaning, for example from immediately after weaning Piglets up to 5 days after weaning. As shown in the test examples described below, the use of the gel-like feed for piglets can promote the weight gain of piglets at weaning, and also the weight gain of piglets immediately after weaning.

When feeding starts from the lactation period of the piglets, it is preferred to start feeding from the piglets at 10 days of age.

The daily feeding amount of the gelatinous piglet feed can be adjusted as appropriate, preferably 200 g / head or less, more preferably 100 g / head to 200 g / head.

There are no particular restrictions on the pig breed to be fed the gel-like piglet feed, and examples thereof include LWD species, WLD species, hybrids, Pankerei species, and the like.

The gel-like feed for piglets is also suitable for feeding livestock other than piglets (for example, piglets), and is also useful as a feed for piglets.

[Example]

Hereinafter, specific examples of the present invention will be described in detail, but the present invention is not limited in any way by these.

Example 1 Preparation of feed for piglets and feed for gelled piglets

The ingredients of the mixed feed were prepared as described in Table 1 to obtain a powdery feed for piglets. The amount of sodium alginate in the feed for piglets was 2% by mass, and the amount of water-soluble calcium was 0.09% by mass.

This piglet feed was mixed with 7 times the mass of warm water to dissolve it. After stirring, it was allowed to stand for about 5 minutes to obtain a gelatinous piglet feed which was solidified into a pudding.

Test example 1 Confirmation test of piglets gaining weight during weaning

For LWD piglets (10 days of age), 10 litters were used in the test area and 13 litters were used in the control area. The test area uses the gel-like piglet feed obtained in Example 1 according to The first suckling piglets were 200g / day, and they were piled and fed on the basic feed continuously fed, while the control area was fed only the basic feed continuously. The feeding period was set to 12 days from 10 days to 21 days, and the water feeding system was set to continuously feed.

In this test, the basic feed was a prosperous period using feed for piglets (artificial milk). MAX (product name, manufactured by Nissin Marubeni Feed Co., Ltd.).

For each test piglet, the total weight of a single child (kg / fetus) at weaning and the average weight of a child (kg) at weaning were obtained. The results are shown in Table 2.

As shown in Table 2, the piglets in the test area were superior to the control area in that the weight of the single child at the time of weaning and the weight of the average child at the time of weaning were both excellent. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed, and the results showed that there was a significant difference in body weight during mean weaning (p = 0.015).

In addition, diarrhea and vomiting were not observed during the feeding period.

Test Example 2 Feeding test of piglets

For CWD piglets (10 days of age), 10 litters were used in the test area and the control area of the litter size test group. Feed and water were administered under the same conditions as in Example 1. Each week's food intake and daily gains were better than those in the control area.

Test example 3 feeding test for piglets

For CWD piglets (14 days of age), 9 litters were used in the test area and the control area of the litter size test group. In addition to the basic feed that is continuously fed, the test area is still Example 1 The obtained gelled piglet feed was fed in an amount of 100 g / day for suckling piglets, while the control area was fed only with a basic feed for continuous feeding. The feeding period was set to 6 days from 14 days to 20 days, and the water feeding system was set to continuously feed.

In this test, the basic feed was the same as that in Test Example 1 (the product name, manufactured by Nissin Marubeni Red Feed Co., Ltd.) using a feed (artificial milk) for piglets.

For each district, the number of suckling piglets and the average weight at the start of the test, the number of piglets weaning and the average weight at the end of the test, and the total weight (kg / birth) and weaning rate (%) of single babies at weaning were obtained. The results are shown in Table 3.

Test Example 4 Feeding test on weaned piglets with smaller weaned weight

A CWD breed of piglets (21 days old) immediately after weaning was used to perform a feeding effect confirmation test of a gel-like piglet feed immediately after weaning. Although the weaned weight of piglets is usually about 6 to 7 kg, in order to confirm the superiority of using gel-like feed for piglets in this feeding example, the test is performed using farrowed weight that is much smaller than that of ordinary piglets.

For the weaned piglets before and after the average body weight of 4.2 kg, the test body number was 13 in each of the test area and the control area. In addition to the basic feed that was continuously fed, the test area was gelled piglets obtained in Example 1. 100g / day per suckling piglet with feed Feeding, while the control area was fed only with basal feed that was continuously fed. The feeding period was set to 5 days from 21 to 25 days of age, and the water feeding system was set to continuously feed.

In this test, the basic feed was the same as that in Test Example 1 (the product name, manufactured by Nissin Marubeni Red Feed Co., Ltd.) using a feed (artificial milk) for piglets.

For each district, the piglet weight (weaning weight) at the start of the test, the average piglet weight (kg) at the end of the test, and the average daily weight gain (g / day) during the test were obtained. The results are shown in Table 4.

As shown in Table 4, compared with the control area, weaned piglets in the test area can confirm that the average daily gain weight is superior. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the gel-like piglet feed of the present invention is used for piglets with less weaned weight. Feeding effect.

Claims (8)

A feed for piglets, which is a feed for piglets mixed with water, is characterized in that it contains sodium alginate and water-soluble calcium. The feed for piglets according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble calcium is milk-derived calcium. For example, the feed for piglets according to claim 1, wherein the amount of sodium alginate in the feed after mixing the feed for piglets with water becomes 0.11 to 1% by mass and the amount of water-soluble calcium becomes 0.009 to 0.2% by mass, so that Feed for piglets contains sodium alginate and water-soluble calcium. For example, the feed for piglets in claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of the feed for piglets and water is 1 part by mass with respect to the feed for piglets, and the water is 4 to 8 parts by mass. The feed for piglets contains 1 to 5 parts of sodium alginate. %, And water-soluble calcium 0.08 ~ 1 mass%. A gelatinous piglet feed is formed from the piglet feed and water according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A method for producing a gelatinous piglet feed includes the step of mixing the piglet feed of any one of claims 1 to 4 with water. A method for feeding piglets, wherein the gel-like piglet feed of claim 5 is fed to piglets from the lactation period to the time of weaning, or the piglets immediately after weaning. A method for feeding piglets, wherein the gel-like piglet feed produced in accordance with the production method of claim 6 is fed to piglets from the lactation period to the time of weaning, or the piglets immediately after weaning.