TW201800332A - 由天然氣及其他烴類製造碳及氫之方法 - Google Patents
由天然氣及其他烴類製造碳及氫之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201800332A TW201800332A TW105134195A TW105134195A TW201800332A TW 201800332 A TW201800332 A TW 201800332A TW 105134195 A TW105134195 A TW 105134195A TW 105134195 A TW105134195 A TW 105134195A TW 201800332 A TW201800332 A TW 201800332A
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 47
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 26
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940071207 sesquicarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 natural gas (eg Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UPKIHOQVIBBESY-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;carbanide Chemical compound [CH3-].[CH3-].[Mg+2] UPKIHOQVIBBESY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyne Chemical group CC#C MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ABIBCFTYJDONHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].C#C Chemical compound [Mg].C#C ABIBCFTYJDONHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXLQIRALKZAWHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium carbanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[CH3-].[CH3-] TXLQIRALKZAWHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AICGMJHMGDFNOT-UHFFFAOYSA-J dimagnesium hydrogen carbonate carbonate Chemical compound C([O-])([O-])=O.[Mg+2].C([O-])(O)=O.[Mg+2].C([O-])(O)=O AICGMJHMGDFNOT-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical group [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CRGZYKWWYNQGEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;methanolate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C.[O-]C CRGZYKWWYNQGEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IREVRWRNACELSM-UHFFFAOYSA-J ruthenium(4+);tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ru](Cl)(Cl)Cl IREVRWRNACELSM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/10—Magnesium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/20—Carbon compounds
- B01J27/22—Carbides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
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- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
- C01B3/26—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
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- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
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Abstract
本發明提供使用化學反應或一系列反應直接由天然氣(例如,甲烷)製造元素碳及氫氣之方法。在一態樣中,所涉及之其他材料(例如元素鎂)保持不變並用作觸媒。
Description
業內需要開發用於製造元素碳及/或氫氣之新方法。亦需要處理由頁岩氣製造之不易冷凝之烴類(例如甲烷)。 美國專利第2,760,847號闡述由甲烷製造氫及碳之製程。鎂可用作熔融金屬以促進該製程。然而,需要高溫。 美國專利第6,995,115號闡述藉由熱降解由甲烷製造氫及碳之製程,其包括使用觸媒,例如Nix
Mgy
O或Nix
Mgy
Cuz
O。 美國專利公開案第2008/0263954號闡述將烴類轉化為氫及元素碳之製程。MgO可用作觸媒載體。 美國專利公開案第2008/0210908號闡述使用微波及鐵觸媒將烴類轉化為氫及碳之製程。 亦參見「Hydrocarbon Production by Methane Decomposition: A Review」,Abbas等人,Int. J. of Hydrogen Energy
, 35, 3, 2010年2月, 1160-1190。 亦參見「Hydrogen Generation by Direct Decomposition of Hydrocarbons over Molten Magnesium,」 Wang等人J. Molecular Catalysis A
: Chemical 283 (2008) 153-157。 不承認本文提供之任何參考文獻或說明係先前技術。
本揭示內容提供使用化學反應或一系列反應直接由烴、例如天然氣(例如,甲烷)製造元素碳及氫氣之方法。在一態樣中,所涉及其他材料(例如元素鎂)保持不變並用作觸媒。選擇反應溫度使得期望反應可在期望條件下進行。 一實施例提供製造元素碳及氫之方法,其包含使至少一種熔融金屬與至少一種烴在足以熔融金屬之溫度下反應,其中該反應製造元素碳及氫。熔融金屬之溫度可根據金屬而變化,且可審查並選擇最佳溫度。舉例而言,溫度可(例如)高於金屬熔點10℃至500℃、或10℃至250℃、或10℃至100℃。金屬可係(例如)鎂或鋰。儘管反應及本發明不受理論或機制之限制,但反應可經由碳化物或倍半碳化物中間體進行。 在一實施例中,烴在25℃及760托(torr)下係氣體。在另一實施例中,烴在25℃及760托下係液體。在另一實施例中,烴在25℃及760托下係固體。在另一實施例中,烴係甲烷。 另一實施例提供藉由使元素鎂與烴在約600℃至1000℃之溫度範圍內反應製造元素碳及氫之方法,其中反應製造元素碳及氫。 在另一態樣中,本文所述製程之反應條件於高於約600℃、高於約650℃、高於約700℃、高於約750℃、高於約800℃、高於約850℃或高於約900℃之溫度下進行。在又一態樣中,本文所述製程之反應條件於約600℃至約950℃、約600℃至約900℃、約650℃至約950℃、約650℃至約900℃、約700℃至約950℃、約700℃至約900℃、約650℃至約1,000℃或約700℃至約1,000℃之範圍的溫度下進行。 在又一態樣中,本文所述之反應係在單個容器及/或單個製程步驟中進行。在其他情況下,可使用於多個容器中進行之多個步驟。
導論 於2016年2月1日提出申請之美國優先權臨時申請案第62/289,566號之全部內容以引用方式併入本文。 美國專利申請案第14/213,533號、第14/772,629號及第14/886,319號之全部內容以引用方式併入本文。 術語「包含」可用術語「基本上由……組成」或「由……組成」代替。 術語「倍半碳化物(sesquicarbide)」及「倍半碳化物(sesquacarbide)」在本文中等效使用。 倍半碳化物含有多原子陰離子C3 -4
,並含有具有sp1雜化之碳原子。倍半碳化物之兩個實例係碳化鎂(Mg2
C3
)及碳化鋰(Li4
C3
)。 倍半碳化物尤其用於製備sp1碳。可在實驗室中藉由在惰性氬氣氛圍下在高於750℃下使甲烷鼓泡穿過熔融鎂金屬來製造Mg2
C3
。亦可使用其他烴類,例如戊烷。此外,熔融鎂(Mg)反應係其中極少實施之另一化學領域。熔融Mg反應之研究由於與熔融Mg相關、尤其亦與產生氫氣之製程相關之危險而受到限制。 烴 然而,可使用與倍半碳化鎂合成極類似之製程來將甲烷直接轉化為呈石墨形式之碳及氫氣。在一實施例中,可使甲烷鼓泡穿過Mg及氯化鎂鹽之熔融溶液。在一實施例中,當在氬氣氛圍下加熱至高於750℃之溫度時,元素Mg金屬及MgCl2
二者熔融以形成液體溶液。在一實施例中,與倍半碳化鎂合成類似,使甲烷鼓泡穿過溶液以製造MgC2
(碳化鎂)或Mg2
C3
及可作為增值產物收集之氫氣。然後,基於製造碳之碳化物反應之原始化學使碳化物與金屬鹽反應。Mg2
C3
及MgCl2
經轉化為呈石墨形式之元素碳、將仍保留為液體溶液之一部分之元素Mg金屬及MgCl2
。因此,Mg金屬及MgCl2
鹽將在整個製程期間保持不變,同時甲烷將轉化為純碳及氫氣。 因此,本揭示內容提供使用化學反應或一系列反應直接由烴、例如天然氣(甲烷)製造元素碳及氫氣之方法。本揭示內容亦提供使用化學反應或一系列反應在單個容器中直接由天然氣(例如,甲烷)製造元素碳及氫氣之方法。 熔融金屬及熔融鎂 在一態樣中,所涉及其他材料(例如元素鎂)保持不變並用作觸媒。鎂可經預處理以除去MgO。可將鎂裝載至氧化鋁坩堝中,然後可將其裝載至高溫不銹鋼反應器中。 亦可使用元素鋰。 反應條件;反應溫度 在一態樣中,本文所述製程之反應條件於高於約800℃之溫度下進行。在另一態樣中,本文所述製程之反應條件於高於約600℃、高於約650℃、高於約700℃、高於約750℃、高於約800℃、高於約850℃或高於約900℃之溫度下進行。在又一態樣中,本文所述製程之反應條件於約600℃至約800℃、約700℃至約800℃、約750℃至約850℃、約800℃至約900℃或約600℃至約1000℃之範圍之溫度下進行。溫度可高於為約714℃之氯化鎂之熔點。 在一態樣中,本文所述方法包括元素鎂及氯化鎂作為觸媒。 碳化鎂可藉由使其與甲烷或其他烴類(例如戊烷)反應來形成。此反應如下(方案I):方案 I
在一態樣中,將此方案視為產生氫之方法。文獻表明乙炔鎂分解以製造元素碳及倍半碳化鎂。在較高溫度下,倍半碳化鎂分解以製造元素鎂及元素碳,如方案II及III所述。方案 II 方案 III
在上述反應中,甲烷用作氫源及隨後元素碳源二者。在另一態樣中,利用另一種烴,例如戊烷。潛在反應物亦可包括聚乙烯廢料或較重烴類(例如蠟)。一系列反應之一實例係形成MgC2
或Mg2
C3
,然後可藉由方案IV中之以下反應使其與MgCl2
反應以製造元素Mg金屬、元素碳及產物MgCl2
。方案 IV 在整個化學反應系列中,元素Mg及MgCl2
保持不變,且甲烷直接轉化為元素碳及氫氣。在一態樣中,可加入一或多種鹽以降低摻合物中組份之熔點。鎂具有約648℃之熔點,而MgCl2
具有約714℃之熔點,但混合物可製成具有顯著較低熔點之共熔體。在一態樣中,亦可藉由鹽之存在來促進Mg碳化物分解成元素Mg及元素碳。 產物之分離 可使用業內已知方法分離及表徵反應產物,包括氫及碳反應產物。 應用 本揭示內容進一步提供藉由利用本文所述方法使用甲烷或其他烴材料製造氫氣之方法。在一態樣中,藉由該等方法製造非晶形碳,且可將其用於超級電容器中。本揭示內容進一步提供利用烴材料(例如廢聚乙烯)以製造氫氣流之方法。 在另一態樣中,本揭示內容提供藉由加熱MgC2
直至其變成倍半碳化物Mg2
C3
及元素碳為止,將甲烷直接轉化為碳及氫氣之方法,例如,如方案II所示。若將倍半碳化物進一步加熱,則其可分解回元素鎂及碳,例如,如方案III所示。在一態樣中,鎂之作用似乎為觸媒,此乃因其以與開始時相同之方式(作為元素鎂)自反應順序中產生。 一旦形成倍半碳化物,則其可與質子供體反應以製造甲基乙炔。可使甲基乙炔行進穿過催化裂化器以製造三甲基苯,即高辛烷值汽油。在一態樣中,此係藉由使倍半碳化物與甲醇反應並使甲基乙炔在沸石觸媒中反應來實現。在又一態樣中,甲醇鎂可藉由使其與熱甲烷反應以製造用於再循環之甲醇及元素鎂而再生。所製造之過量氫中之一些可用於催化裂化器中以製造其他期望產物。 在另一態樣中,本揭示內容提供利用氧化還原反應或電流或電解反應來氧化碳化物陰離子之方法。在一態樣中,陰離子係倍半碳化物陰離子,且當其氧化時,其製造特徵為sp1之聚合物。在又一態樣中,特徵為sp1之聚合物係超導性,包括在低溫下超導。碳化物陰離子之氧化 :
本揭示內容亦提供氧化碳化物陰離子以製備呈乙炔黑形式之元素碳。在一態樣中,乙炔黑可用於超級電容器中。乙炔黑在業內係藉由以下反應製備(方案V):方案 V
方案V中之反應可認為係碳化物陰離子之氧化,此乃因氯原子自碳化物陰離子獲得電子,而矽原子保持為+4離子。在此反應進行之溫度下,四氯化矽揮發,留下純碳。若在極低電壓下使用電解池,則可以可用於超級電容器之方式製造乙炔黑。 在一態樣中,本揭示內容提供藉由利用本文所述方法製造碳黑或乙炔黑。 在此態樣中,倍半碳化鎂係用一或多種低熔點鹵化物鹽氧化。在一態樣中,一或多種低熔點鹵化物鹽之陽離子展現相對低之氧化電位,使得將該陽離子還原為其元素態需能不多。當該還原發生時,倍半碳化物陰離子將被氧化為元素態。因此,元素碳將保留其sp1特徵並處於聚合鏈中,其中所有或基本上所有原子皆以sp1雜化結合,或碳可呈平板狀結構,其中中間碳將係sp1狀態,而末端碳將係sp2構型。在一態樣中,由該反應製造之聚合物展現超導體特徵。 在一態樣中,本揭示內容提供氧化倍半碳化物陰離子(例如倍半碳化鎂或倍半碳化鋰陰離子)之方法,其中倍半碳化物陰離子係以低電位氧化,使得經氧化陰離子保留其sp1雜化。在另一態樣中,本揭示內容提供氧化倍半碳化物陰離子(例如倍半碳化鎂或倍半碳化鋰陰離子)之方法,其中倍半碳化物陰離子係以低電位氧化,使得經氧化陰離子保留其sp1雜化且所得材料係直鏈聚合物。在又一態樣中,本揭示內容提供氧化倍半碳化物陰離子(例如倍半碳化鎂或倍半碳化鋰陰離子)之方法,其中倍半碳化物陰離子係以低電位氧化,使得經氧化陰離子變成sp1及sp2材料之摻合物。本揭示內容進一步提供氧化倍半碳化物陰離子(例如倍半碳化鎂或倍半碳化鋰陰離子)之方法,其中倍半碳化物陰離子係以低電位氧化,使得經氧化陰離子變成呈平板結構形式之sp1及sp2材料之摻合物。 在實驗室實驗中,400 ml Parr反應器裝配有氧化鋁坩堝。將固體鎂帶放置在氧化鋁坩堝之內部並密封在反應器內部。 將具有蓋子及附件之Parr反應器放置在可容易獲得750℃之溫度之可編程烘箱中。出於安全原因,將鋼瓶及其他反應物放置在烘箱外部,該烘箱裝納於通風櫃(hood)中之。將稱量之Mg屑放置於坩堝中。改進反應器之頂部,使得氧化鋁噴槍管可陷入鎂屑之底部附近。將氧化鋁噴槍管之頂部裝配到Swagelok接頭中。將Swagelok接頭之另一端裝配到不銹鋼管上。將一定長度之不銹鋼管纏繞成線圈並放置在烘箱中,從而使氣體在流入熔融鎂之前經預熱。將管之另一端外部附接至烘箱及通風櫃,以附接至有機反應物之摻和級。將反應器頂部中之另一埠固定至另一不銹鋼管,該不銹鋼管用作反應器之出口埠。該管自烘箱及通風櫃離開,其中將該管降溫以在離開之氣體進入錐形瓶(Erlenmeyer flask)之前將其冷卻。將此管附接至用作壓載艙之大型錐形瓶。錐形瓶之出口埠通向起泡器,從而可監測流過系統之氣體流量。在系統之一次反覆中,使氬鼓泡穿過經加熱(T=35℃)之戊烷容器。戊烷係將鎂競爭轉化為倍半碳化鎂所需化學計量比之兩倍。在系統之第二次反覆中,將純的乾甲烷氣體與氬氣摻和並鼓泡至熔融鎂中。在兩種情況下,製備倍半碳化鎂樣品。僅製造極少倍半碳化物樣品。為進行所提出之實驗,必須將實驗系統升級,但化學保持不變。例如,反應系統參見圖1。
圖1顯示實例性碳化鎂反應器裝置之圖。
Claims (20)
- 一種製造元素碳及氫之方法,其包含使至少一種熔融金屬與至少一種烴在足以熔融該金屬之溫度下反應,其中該反應製造元素碳及氫。
- 一種製造元素碳及氫之方法,其包含使元素鎂與甲烷在約600℃至1000℃之溫度範圍內反應,其中該反應製造元素碳及氫。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該烴在25℃及760托下係氣體。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該烴在25℃及760托下係液體。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該烴在25℃及760托下係固體。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該烴係甲烷。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該溫度係在選自由以下組成之群組之範圍內:約600℃至約950℃、約600℃至約900℃、約650℃至約950℃、約650℃至約900℃、約700℃至約950℃、約700℃至約900℃、約650℃至約1,000℃、約700℃至約1,000℃。
- 如請求項1至2中任一項之方法,其中該溫度範圍係約600℃至約950℃。
- 如請求項1至2中任一項之方法,其中該溫度範圍係約650℃至約900℃。
- 如請求項1至2中任一項之方法,其中該溫度範圍係約650℃至約1000℃。
- 如請求項1至2中任一項之方法,其中該溫度範圍係約700℃至約950℃。
- 如請求項1至2中任一項之方法,其中該反應係在單個容器中進行。
- 如請求項1至2中任一項之方法,其中該反應係在亦存在金屬鹵化物下進行。
- 如請求項1至13中任一項之方法,其中該反應係在連續條件下進行。
- 如請求項1至14中任一項之方法,其進一步包含分離該碳之步驟。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該熔融金屬係鎂或鋰。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該熔融金屬係鎂。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該熔融金屬係鋰。
- 如請求項1至18中任一項之方法,其中該反應係經由碳化物中間體進行。
- 如請求項1至19中任一項之方法,其中該反應係經由倍半碳化物中間體進行。
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| CN113573802A (zh) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-10-29 | 佩福曼斯纳米碳股份有限公司 | 碳材料通过气液传质的原位生产和功能化及其用途 |
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- 2017-01-25 EA EA201891683A patent/EA201891683A1/ru unknown
- 2017-01-25 WO PCT/US2017/014955 patent/WO2017136205A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2017-01-25 KR KR1020187024394A patent/KR20180111864A/ko not_active Abandoned
- 2017-01-25 BR BR112018015655A patent/BR112018015655A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112351834A (zh) * | 2018-05-21 | 2021-02-09 | 加利福尼亚大学董事会 | 天然气利用熔融盐转化为化学物质和电力 |
| CN113573802A (zh) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-10-29 | 佩福曼斯纳米碳股份有限公司 | 碳材料通过气液传质的原位生产和功能化及其用途 |
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| US10906807B2 (en) | 2021-02-02 |
| AU2017214286A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
| EP3411141A1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
| US20210114869A1 (en) | 2021-04-22 |
| KR20180111864A (ko) | 2018-10-11 |
| JP2019504758A (ja) | 2019-02-21 |
| ZA201805119B (en) | 2019-10-30 |
| CA3013204A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
| EA201891683A1 (ru) | 2019-02-28 |
| US20190241433A1 (en) | 2019-08-08 |
| BR112018015655A2 (pt) | 2018-12-26 |
| AR107486A1 (es) | 2018-05-02 |
| MX2018009385A (es) | 2018-09-05 |
| US20170217772A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
| AU2017214286B2 (en) | 2021-03-11 |
| US10207922B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 |
| CN108698021A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
| CO2018008014A2 (es) | 2018-08-10 |
| IL260848A (en) | 2018-11-29 |
| SG11201806447XA (en) | 2018-08-30 |
| WO2017136205A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
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