TW201729801A - 協同性醫藥組合物 - Google Patents
協同性醫藥組合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201729801A TW201729801A TW105134674A TW105134674A TW201729801A TW 201729801 A TW201729801 A TW 201729801A TW 105134674 A TW105134674 A TW 105134674A TW 105134674 A TW105134674 A TW 105134674A TW 201729801 A TW201729801 A TW 201729801A
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Abstract
本發明描述一種協同性組成物,其包含非瑪沙坦(Fimasartan)或其醫藥學上有效之鹽與NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽,該協同性組成物用於治療心血管和相關疾病。本發明是關於一種協同性組合物,其包含非瑪沙坦或其適當醫藥學上有效之鹽以及NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽呈單一單位醫藥組成物的組合物。本發明進一步是關於非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上有效之鹽以及NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽的組合物。本發明還有關於將非瑪沙坦與NEP抑制劑的個別醫藥組成物組合呈套組形式。本發明進一步有關於在含有兩種活性劑之套組形式中個別製備此等醫藥組成物的方法以及使用該等醫藥組成物治療個體的方法。
Description
本發明描述一種協同性組成物,其包含非瑪沙坦(Fimasartan)或其醫藥學上有效之鹽與NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽,該協同性組成物用於治療心血管和相關疾病。本發明是關於一種協同性組合物,其包含非瑪沙坦或其適當醫藥學上有效之鹽以及NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽呈單一單位醫藥組成物的組合物。本發明進一步是關於非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上有效之鹽以及NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽的組合物。本發明還有關於將非瑪沙坦與NEP抑制劑的個別醫藥組成物組合呈套組形式。本發明進一步有關於在含有兩種活性劑之套組形式中個別製備此等醫藥組成物的方法以及使用該等醫藥組成物治療個體的方法。
高血壓是最常見的心血管疾病之一,其可導致發生急性和慢性心臟病、心肌梗塞、中風和心臟衰竭。因此,持續需要一種治療方法,其將會是有效的抗高血壓藥並阻止高血壓的併發症(像是心臟衰竭)。儘管已使用各種藥物來治療由高血壓引起的病況,但它們並不總是成功的(Waber B,American Journal of Hypertension 1997,10(7.2):131S-137S)。
腎素-血管收縮素醛固酮系統透過血管收縮素1和2受體(AT-1和AT-2)參與而作用在心血管和腎臟系統來調節血壓(J Hum Hypertens.1995 Nov;9 Suppl 5:S19-24)。血管收縮素II作用於血管收縮素受體,其中AT-1尤為重
要。血管收縮素II透過刺激心臟平滑肌來提高血壓,並且在腎臟中刺激會導致高血壓的鈉再吸收。由於血管收縮素II的AT-1受體活化會驅動高血壓病況,阻斷AT-1受體可預防且治療高血壓。在臨床實務中使用幾種這樣的AT-1受體拮抗劑,其包括替米沙坦(telmisartan)、纈沙坦(valsartan)、氯沙坦(losartan)、厄貝沙坦(irbesartan)、阿齊沙坦(azilsartan)、奧美沙坦(olmesartan)、沙夫沙坦(saprisartan),他索沙坦(tasosartan)或在各種情況下其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。血管收縮素I透過血管收縮素轉化酶(ACE)被轉化成生物學活化形式的血管收縮素II。許多抑制ACE的藥劑也用作為抗高血壓藥,包括卡托普利(captopril)、依那普利(enalapril)、賴諾普利(lisinopril)、貝那普利(benazepril)和螺普利(spirapril)(Drugs.1990;39 Suppl 2:11-6)。除了血管收縮素I轉化為血管收縮素II以外,ACE參與緩激肽(bradykinin)的降解,因此ACE抑制劑也藉由增加緩激肽位準來顯示降血壓作用。因此,已經假定ACE抑制劑不僅透過腎素血管收縮素醛固酮系統來作用,也透過抑制緩激肽的降解來作用。
腦啡肽酶(neprilysin)或NEP或中性內胜肽酶(也稱為CD10、MME、CALLA、EC 3.4.24.11、腦啡肽酶(enkaphalinase)、心房肽酶(atriopeptidase))是涉及各種肽代謝的最重要膜結合內胜肽酶,並且屬於具有Zn2+作為輔因子的金屬蛋白酶的麩胺酸鋅化胺肽(gluzincin)家族(Corvol and TA,1998以及Corvol and Williams,1998)。NEP存在於各種組織(像是血管內皮、平滑肌細胞、腦、脊髓和周邊神經系統)中。NEP是去活化多種血管活性肽的90-100 kDa細胞表面肽酶,其包括ANP(心房利尿鈉肽或因子,也已知為ANF)、BNP(腦利尿鈉肽)、升糖素、腦啡肽、P物質、神經調壓素、催產素,和緩激肽(J Surg Res 2005,128(1):21-27,J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2005,46(3):390-397,Circulation 2002,106(8):920-926)。ANP主要在心房中合成,而BNP在心室中
合成。(Journal of Cardiology(2011)57,131-140)。ANP結合至NPR-A受體並經由cGMP依賴性路徑產生其生物學作用。ANP是一種血管舒張劑,利尿劑和利鈉劑,對高血容量做出反應而被心臟釋放。其主要功能是降低血壓和控制電解質恆定。腎臟和CVS是ANP的主要目標器官,但是ANP也與許多其他激素交互作用以調節它們的分泌。
三種機制主要涉及ANP的去活化或降解,其包括:1)受體媒介的降解、2)胞外蛋白酶(NEP)的降解,和3)肽分泌到體液(諸如尿或膽汁)中(FEBS Journal 278(2011)1808-1817)。幾個報導指出,NEP抑制劑在人類和動物中升高利尿鈉肽濃度,並在心臟衰竭期間增加鈉排泄(Br J Pharmacol 113,204-208.,Hypertension 30,184-190.,Physiol 271,R373-R380,Circulation 91,2036-2042.,Clin Exp Hypertens 17,861-876)。已經報導過NEP抑制劑坎沙曲拉(candoxatrilat)增強對低劑量ANP輸注的利尿鈉和環GMP反應。(Br J Pharmacol.1992 Sep;107(1):50-7)。
為了達到成功的治療目標,在先前技術中,任意選擇使用不總是提供期望治療目標的各類抗高血壓藥。因此,需要效力增強、副作用較少,且更能預防和治療心臟衰竭的新穎治療方法。高血壓病況可危害血管,導致末端器官損傷。要是血壓越高且越不受控制,對器官的損害就越大。不受控制的高血壓持續時間越長可能導致心臟病發作或中風、腎臟中的血管變弱和變窄、眼睛內的血管變厚、變窄或破裂以及代謝症候群。因此,重要的是在治療高血壓期間達到額外的心血管保護作用而不僅僅是降低血壓而已(Am J Cardiovasc Dis 2012;2(3):160-170)。
許多因素與高血壓的發展相關,包括子宮內營養不良、高血壓家族病史、肥胖(特別是腹部脂肪過量)、胰島素抗性、高飲食鈉攝入、低飲食鈣、鉀和鎂攝入、身體不活動、高酒精攝入、使用煙草、使用藥物(例如可卡因,
搖頭丸、合成代謝類固醇)、情緒壓力、使用減肥丸、口服避孕藥(Pediatr Clin North Am 1999;46(2):235-252,Circulation 2000;101(3):329-335,Environ Health Perspect 2000;108 Suppl 3:545-553)。因此,推斷高血壓性血管疾病的性質是多重因素的。是故,單一藥物治療相當難以對各種壓力源維持恆定或接近恆定的BP。BP主要由3個重要因素決定:腎鈉排泄和所得血漿及總容積、心輸出量和血管緊張性。這些因素控制血管內容量、心輸出量和全身血管阻力,其為BP的立即血液動力學決定因素。儘管在一些患者中可以確定高血壓的特定病因,但高血壓通常是多重因素的,致使要僅僅使用單一壓迫機制干擾使其正常化非常困難。此外,針對任何一個因素的藥物治療通常引起補償性(反調節性)反應,即使其精確地針對涉及高血壓的主要病理生理機制,最終也會降低反應的程度。因而在大多數當前可用的方法中看到的血壓降低有限。因此,組合方法對於徹底治療由高血壓引起的疾病是必要的。但是組合方法僅在以下情況下有用:組合效應是加成的,具有有害的副作用,並且對其他心血管評估指標具有額外益處(J Clin Hypertens(Greenwich).2011;13:146-154,Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens.2012 Sep;21(5):486-91)。
因此,持續需要進一步開發用於治療高血壓和由高血壓引起之疾病的治療方法及組合物。
非瑪沙坦在化學上定義為2-正丁基-5-二甲基胺基硫代羰基-甲基-6-甲基-3-[[2'-(1H-四唑-5-基)聯苯-4-基]甲基]嘧啶-4 3H)-酮,具有如下結構式:
它是AT-1受體拮抗劑或阻斷劑類的抗高血壓藥,並且目前已被批准以商標名KANARB®作為醫藥產品,在輕度至中度原發性高血壓患者中,劑量為60至120mg的非瑪沙坦顯示在藥物投與的第12週時,於坐位的舒張壓(DBP)變化方面顯示出抗高血壓效應(Lee SE,Clin Ther.2012;34(3):552-68-68 el-9)。
在美國專利第4,722,810號、美國專利第5,223,516號、美國專利第4,610,816號、美國專利第4,929,641號、南非專利申請84/0670、UK 69578、美國專利第5,217,996號、EP 00342850、GB 02218983、WO 92/14706、EP 00343911、JP 06234754、EP 00361365、WO 90/09374、JP 07157459、WO 94/15908、美國專利第5,273,990號、美國專利第5,294,632號、美國專利第5,250,522號、EP 00636621、WO 93/09101、EP 00590442、WO 93/10773、美國專利第5,217,996號(其揭示內容各自併入做為參考資料)中揭示了中性內胜肽酶(NEP)抑制劑。中性內胜肽酶抑制劑可呈其游離形式以及任何合適的鹽形式用於本發明目的。提到中性內胜肽酶抑制劑時還包括提及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
沙庫比曲(sacubitril)也稱為AHU-377,(4-[[(2S,4R)-5-乙氧基-4-甲基-5-側氧基-1-(4-苯基苯基)戊-2-基]胺基]-4-側氧基丁酸,C24H29NO5,MW 411.49)是腦啡肽酶的抑制劑,具有以下結構:
組合藥物,纈沙坦/沙庫比曲被稱為LCZ696,並以商標名安喘心
(Entresto)銷售用於治療心臟衰竭。
本發明旨在提供一種抗高血壓醫藥組成物,其不僅有效預防,緩解和治療高血壓,還用於預防、緩解或治療高血壓的併發症及/或糖尿病和高血脂症。在組合物中使用的沙庫必曲或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或其溶劑合物或其水合物可以呈結晶或無定形形式,並且本文使用的非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或其溶劑合物或其水合物也可以呈結晶或無定形形式。這種協同組成物作為抗高血壓療法(無論是對於惡性、原發性、腎血管性、糖尿病、單純收縮期,還是其他繼發性高血壓),通過增進功效還有反應率比單獨使用時或與現有治療組合更為有效。沙庫必曲或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或其溶劑合物或其水合物和非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或其溶劑合物或其水合物的組合物可以是結晶或無定形的,並且還可用於治療或預防心臟衰竭,例如(急性和慢性)充血性心臟衰竭、左心室功能障礙和肥大性心肌病、糖尿病性心肌病、室上性和室性心律不整、心房顫動、心房撲動或有害的血管重塑。該組合物還可用於治療動脈粥樣硬化、心絞痛(無論是穩定的還是不穩定的)和腎功能不全(糖尿病性和非糖尿病性)。如本文所揭示的沙庫必曲和非瑪沙坦的組合物也具有改善內皮功能障礙的潛力,從而在正常內皮功能受到破壞的疾病(例如心臟衰竭,心絞痛和糖尿病)中提供益處。此外,本發明組合物可用於治療或預防繼發性醛固酮增多症、原發性和繼發性肺動脈高血壓、腎臟衰竭病況(如糖尿病性腎病變、腎小球腎炎、硬皮病、腎小球硬化、原發性腎病的蛋白尿,以及腎血管性高血壓)、糖尿病性視網膜病變、控制其他血管病症(例如偏頭痛、周邊血管疾病、雷諾氏病、管腔增生、認知功能障礙(例如阿茲海默病)、青光眼和中風、預防,延遲及/或治療高血壓(無論是用於惡性、原發性、腎血管性、糖尿病性、單純
性收縮期或其他繼發性高血壓)的發作、心臟衰竭(如舒張性和充血性心臟衰竭(急性和慢性)、左心室功能障礙、竇房結功能障礙、心律不整(心跳過慢或心跳過快)、高血壓性頸動脈竇、雙支和三支阻滯、二尖瓣脫垂、主動脈瓣倒流、心臟腫瘤、主動脈閉塞、動脈粥瘤性栓塞、內皮功能障礙、舒張功能障礙、肥大性心肌病、糖尿病性心肌病、室上性和室性心律不整、心房顫動(AF)、心肌纖維化、心房撲動、有害的血管重塑、斑塊穩定、心肌梗塞(M1)及其後遺症、動脈粥樣硬化(包括冠狀動脈疾病(CAD))、右位心、橫紋肌瘤、心肌病、周邊肺動脈狹窄、動脈閉鎖不全、動脈擴張和破裂、二尖瓣倒流、竇房結功能障礙、心跳過慢或心跳過快、高血壓性頸動脈竇和神經血管症候群、主動脈倒流、心包炎、心臟腫瘤、主動脈閉塞、不對稱隔膜肥大、呼吸困難、心臟水腫、心絞痛(不穩定的或穩定的)、腎功能不全(糖尿病性和非糖尿病性)、腎纖維化、多囊性腎病(PKD)、第2型糖尿病、代謝症候群、繼發性醛固酮增多症、原發性和繼發性肺動脈高血壓、腎衰竭(諸如腎病症候群、糖尿病性腎病變、腎小球腎炎、硬皮病、腎小球硬化、原發性腎病的蛋白尿、腎血管性高血壓、糖尿病性視網膜病變和末期腎病(ESRD))、控制其他血管疾病(例如偏頭痛、周邊血管疾病(PVD)、雷諾氏病、管腔增生、認知功能障礙(例如阿茲海默病)、青光眼和心血管疾病(諸如栓塞性或血栓性中風)。
在本發明中,非瑪沙坦可以用作非瑪沙坦鉀鹽,更佳用作非瑪沙坦鉀鹽三水合物。此化合物是市售的或者可以使用其他方式藉由已知方法製備。在另一個具體例中,可以使用非瑪沙坦的其他醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中一些可能是新穎的。因此,本發明還揭示某些新穎的非瑪沙坦鹽。在本發明中,腦啡肽酶抑制劑較佳為沙庫比曲及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。這些材料是市售的或者可以使用其他方式藉由已知方法製備。本發明的組成
物可含有數量為0.5至240mg的AT-1受體阻斷劑非瑪沙坦。此外,本發明組成物可含有0.1至400mg的腦啡肽酶抑制劑沙庫比曲。
本發明組成物表現出的抗高血壓效用比相同劑量的個別活性成分之抗高血壓值簡單總和更高。因此,本發明組成物能夠以比其單獨使用時更低的含量或劑量來使用個別活性成分,因此可以更有效治療或預防高血壓或類似疾病,同時減少由於過量個別活性成分所引起的不良副作用。
圖1. 兩張圖,各自反映帶有AV瘻管的大鼠體內在非瑪沙坦與沙庫比曲治療之後的累積鈉排泄。
圖2. 兩張圖,反映帶有AV瘻管的大鼠體內在非瑪沙坦、沙庫比曲以及組合物治療之後的A.累積鈉排泄以及B.平均動脈壓。
圖3. 非瑪沙坦、沙庫比曲以及組合物在大鼠腎大部分切除術中對於收縮壓的影響。
在第一個態樣中,本發明是有關於包含非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上有效之鹽以及一或多種NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽,視情況存在有適當醫藥學上可接受之載劑的醫藥組合物,以及包含該醫藥組合物的醫藥組成物。
本發明亦有關於將非瑪沙坦和NEP抑制劑的個別醫藥組成物組合在一個套組形式中。
在另一個態樣中,本發明提供包含低劑量如本文所述非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上有效之鹽以及NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽的協同性組成物,其用於治療高血壓與相關疾病。
在又一個態樣中,本發明提供包含低劑量如本文所述非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上有效之鹽與NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽的協同性組成物,其用
於治療人類。在一個具體例中,較佳的NEP抑制劑可選自沙庫比曲。
在另一個具體例中,提供含有有效量之適用於治療高血壓和相關疾病的協同性組成物的醫藥組成物。
在又一個具體例中,提供一種用於製備呈個別套組形式之協同性組成物(等)之醫藥組成物的方法以及使用該醫藥組成物治療個體的方法。
在第一態樣中,本發明是有關於包含非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上有效之鹽以及NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽,視情況存在有至少一種醫藥學上可接受之載劑的醫藥組合物,以及包含該醫藥組合物的醫藥組成物。
在一個較佳具體例中,NEP抑制劑可選自沙庫比曲(4-[(2S,4R)-5-乙氧基-4-甲基-5-側氧基-1-(4-苯基苯基)戊-2-基]胺基-側氧基丁酸。
因此,在一個態樣中,本發明還提供包含非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上有效之鹽和NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽以及一或多種適當的醫藥學上可接受之載劑的藥物組成物。
因此,在又一個態樣中,本發明亦提供一種用於製備包含非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上有效之鹽和NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽以及醫藥學上可接受之載劑的醫藥組成物的方法,該方法包括混合非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上有效之鹽和NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽以及至少一種醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
醫藥學上可接受之載劑可選自糖(諸如乳糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇和山梨糖醇);澱粉(諸如玉米澱粉、木薯澱粉和馬鈴薯澱粉);纖維素和衍生物(諸如羧甲基纖維素鈉、乙基纖維素和甲基纖維素);磷酸鈣(諸如磷酸二鈣和磷酸三鈣);硫酸鈉;硫酸鈣;聚乙烯吡咯啶酮;聚乙烯醇;硬脂酸;鹼土金屬硬脂酸鹽(諸如硬脂酸鎂和硬脂酸鈣);硬脂酸;蔬菜油(諸如花生油、棉籽
油、芝麻油,橄欖油和玉米油);非離子性,陽離子性和陰離子性表面活性劑;乙二醇聚合物;β-環糊精;脂肪醇;以及水解的穀物固體,還有常用於醫藥調配物中的其他無毒相容性填充劑、黏合劑、崩解劑、緩衝劑、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、潤滑劑,調味劑與類似物。
組成物較佳呈數量適於有關日劑量的單位劑型。
如本文所用的術語「醫藥學上可接受」包括人類和獸醫用途:例如術語「醫藥學上可接受」含括用作獸醫藥物的化合物。
在治療時,藥物可以一天投與1至6次,但最佳每天給藥1或2次。
此外,若需要的話,任何給定組成物中的每種特定活性劑劑量可以根據該化合物的公認劑量方案所需的已知劑量範圍內變化。還可以根據需要考量如本文所述的組合藥劑的有利效果來調整每種活性劑的劑量。
具體而言,本發明提供包含非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上有效之鹽和NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽以及合適的醫藥學上可接受之載劑的醫藥組成物,其用於治療與其有關的高血壓病況。
活性化合物的劑量可以取決於多種因素,例如投藥模式、恆溫動物物種,年齡和/或個體病況。
以約1mg至約1000mg的劑量使用NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽與非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的組合物。根據本發明,藥物組合物的活性成分的較佳劑量為治療有效劑量,特別是可購得的那些。
通常,在口服投藥的情況下,例如對於約75kg重的患者來說,大略日劑量估計為約1mg至約360mg。非瑪沙坦以適當的劑量單位形式(例如膠囊或錠劑)的形式提供,並且包含可施用給患者的治療有效量之非瑪沙坦(例如約20至約320mg)。活性成分的施用可以一天至多三次,從例如20mg或40mg非瑪沙坦的日劑量開始,經由每日80mg增加,並且進一步增加至每日160
mg,至多達每日320mg。較佳地,分別在心臟衰竭患者中一天一次或一天兩次施用80mg或160mg劑量的非瑪沙坦。
在NEP抑制劑的情況下,較佳為沙庫比曲,較佳的劑量單位形式是例如錠劑或膠囊,其包含例如約20mg至約800mg,較佳約50mg至約700mg,甚至更佳約100mg至約600mg,且甚至更佳約100mg至約300mg,一天投與一次。
通常該等組成物適於口服投藥。然而,它們可以適用於其他投藥模式,例如非經腸投藥、舌下或穿皮投藥。
組成物可以呈錠劑、膠囊、粉劑、顆粒、菱形片、栓劑、可復水粉劑或液體製劑,例如口服或無菌非經腸溶液或懸浮液的形式。
為了獲得投藥的一致性,本發明組成物較佳呈單位劑量的形式。
用於口服投藥的單位劑量呈遞形式可以是錠劑或膠囊形式,並且可以根據需要含有常規賦形劑,諸如黏合劑、填充劑、潤滑劑、助流劑、崩解劑和潤濕劑。
固體口服組成物可以透過摻合、填充或壓錠的常規方法製備。重複摻合操作可用於將活性劑分散在採用大量填充劑的組成物中。這種操作方法在本領域中當然是慣常的。錠劑可以根據常規醫藥實務中熟知的方法包衣,特別是使用腸溶包衣。
口服液體製劑可以呈例如乳劑、糖漿或酏劑的形式,或者可以作為在使用前用水或其他合適的媒劑復水的乾燥產品。這樣的液體製劑可以含有常規添加劑,例如懸浮劑(例如山梨糖醇)、糖漿、甲基纖維素、明膠、羥乙基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素、硬脂酸鋁凝膠、氫化食用脂肪;乳化劑,例如卵磷脂,脫水山梨糖醇單油酸酯或阿拉伯膠;非水性媒劑(其可以包括食用油),例如杏仁油、分餾的椰子油、油性酯如甘油酯,丙二醇或乙醇;防腐
劑,例如對羥基苯甲酸甲酯或對羥基苯甲酸丙酯或山梨酸;以及若需要的話常規調味劑或著色劑。
關於非經腸給藥,使用化合物和無菌媒劑來製備液體劑型,並且根據所使用的濃度,可以懸浮或溶解在媒劑中。在製備溶液時,化合物可以溶解在注射用水中並在填充到合適的小瓶或安瓿且密封之前過濾滅菌。有利地,佐劑(例如局部麻醉劑、防腐劑和緩衝劑)可以溶解在媒劑中。為了提高穩定性,可以在填充到小瓶中並在真空下移除水分之後將組成物冷凍。以基本上相同的方式來製備非經腸懸浮液,除了活性化合物是懸浮在媒劑中而不是溶解,並且不能藉由過濾進行滅菌。該化合物可以在懸浮於無菌媒劑中之前藉由暴露於環氧乙烷來滅菌。有利地,組成物中納入表面活性劑或潤濕劑以促進化合物均勻分佈。
根據投藥方法,組成物可含有0.1重量%至99重量%,較佳10重量%至60重量%的活性物質。
黏合劑的實例包括阿拉伯膠、藻酸、羧甲基纖維素鈣、羧甲基纖維素鈉、葡聚糖酸、糊精、右旋糖、乙基纖維素、明膠、液體葡萄糖、瓜爾膠、羥乙基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、矽酸鎂鋁、麥芽糊精、甲基纖維素、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、預糊化澱粉、藻酸鈉、山梨糖醇、澱粉、糖漿、黃蓍膠。
填充劑的實例包括碳酸鈣、磷酸鈣、硫酸鈣、羧甲基纖維素鈣、羧甲基纖維素鈉、可壓縮糖、糖食糖、葡聚糖酸、糊精、葡萄糖、磷酸氫鈣二水合物、磷酸氫鈣、果糖、棕櫚醯基硬脂酸甘油酯、甘油、第1型氫化植物油、高嶺土、乳糖、玉米澱粉、碳酸鎂、氧化鎂、麥芽糊精、甘露糖醇、微晶纖維素、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、氯化鉀、粉狀纖維素、預糊化澱粉、氯化鈉、山梨糖醇、澱粉、蔗糖、糖球、滑石、磷酸鈣、木糖醇。
潤滑劑的實例包括硬脂酸鈣、單硬脂酸甘油酯、棕櫚醯基硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸鎂、微晶纖維素、苯甲酸鈉、氯化鈉、月桂基硫酸鈉、硬脂酸、硬脂醯基富馬酸鈉、滑石、硬脂酸鋅。
助流劑的實例包括膠態二氧化矽、粉末纖維素、三矽酸鎂、二氧化矽、滑石。
崩解劑的實例包括藻酸、羧甲基纖維素鈣、羧甲基纖維素鈉、膠體二氧化矽、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉、交聯聚維酮、瓜爾膠、矽酸鎂鋁、微晶纖維素、甲基纖維素、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、波拉克林鉀、預糊化澱粉、藻酸鈉、月桂基硫酸鈉、澱粉乙醇酸鈉。
醫藥學上可接受之潤濕劑的實例為月桂基硫酸鈉。
根據常規方法製備和調配組成物,例如在標準參考文獻中揭示的那些方法,並且完全在習於技藝者的範圍內。例如,固體口服組成物可以透過摻合、填充或壓錠的常規方法製備。重複摻合操作可用於將活性劑分散在使用大量填充劑的那些組成物中。這種操作當然在本技藝中是常規的。錠劑可以根據正規醫藥實務中熟知的方法予以包衣。
若需要的話,組成物可以呈包裝的形式,附有書寫或印刷的使用說明書。
在上述劑量範圍內,對於本發明的組成物或方法來說沒有看到不利的毒理學效用。此外,發現本發明組成物適於治療高血壓及其相關病症。
本發明亦有關於以套組形式組合個別醫藥組成物。是一個組合兩種個別單元的套組:非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上有效之鹽與NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽。當個別組分必須以不同劑型投與或以不同劑量間隔投與時,套組形式特別有利。
這些醫藥製劑用於腸內(例如口服)以及直腸和非經腸,以包含藥理學活
性化合物單獨或與常規醫藥輔助物質一起的製劑投藥給恆溫動物。例如,醫藥製劑由約0.1%至90%,較佳約1%至約80%的活性化合物組成。
用於腸內或非經腸投藥的醫藥製劑是例如呈單位劑型,例如包衣錠劑、錠劑,膠囊或栓劑以及安瓿。
這些以本身已知的方式製備,例如使用常規的混合、造粒、包衣、增溶或凍乾方法。因此,用於口服使用的醫藥製劑可以透過將活性化合物與固體賦形劑混合而獲得,如果需要的話,將已獲得的混合物造粒,並且如果需要或必要的話,在添加適當輔助物質後將混合物或顆粒加工處理成錠劑或包衣錠劑核。
活性化合物的劑量可取決於多種因素,如投藥方式、恆溫動物物種,年齡及/或個體病況。
根據本發明的醫藥組合物的較佳活性成分劑量為治療有效的劑量,尤其是那些可購得者。
通常,在口服投藥的情況下,例如用於約75kg重的患者,大略日劑量估算為約1mg至約360mg。
在又一個態樣中,本發明提供一種包含低劑量非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上有效之鹽的化合物,以及NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上有效之鹽的協同性組成物,其用於治療高血壓和相關疾病。
這項研究旨在檢驗個別藥物的抗高血壓作用。為此,在有或沒有醫藥載劑的情況下向患有高血壓的大鼠口服投與測試藥物,即非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,以及沙庫比曲或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,或非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽與沙庫比曲或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的組合物歷
時4週。測量動物的血壓、心率、體重,和代謝概況的變化來調查長期投與個別藥物的抗高血壓和代謝作用,確認有效和穩定的血壓維持度,並檢查單次給藥及組合藥物給藥的差異。以這種方式,比較並評估個別藥物之間的抗高血壓作用。
在研究中將會使用6至8週齡大的史-道二氏(Sprague Dawley)大鼠。中線腹部切口將麻醉下進行以露出遠離腎動脈原點之腔靜脈和腹主動脈。縱向切口將在腔靜脈的外壁進行。主動脈和腔靜脈之間的共用壁將透過切口被抓住,而腔靜脈和主動脈之間產生瘻管(1.0-1.2mm外徑)。腔靜脈的外壁開口將用連續縫合封閉。在外科手術後,允許動物在代謝籠中恢復,並且每日監控尿排出和鈉排泄。假手術大鼠的匹配組將作為對照。手術一週後,大鼠將按照其鈉排泄的每日絕對速率被分成子組。非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,或沙庫比曲或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或其組合物將以一個低劑量,中劑量及高劑量組服用。每天治療動物歷時四週,並且每週測量血壓。此外,每週測量鈉排泄和肌酐清除兩次。
在大鼠模型的腎下腹主動脈-腔靜脈瘻管(AV瘻管)中,心臟工作負荷因為持續的容量超載而增加,這樣可減少鈉排泄且導致心肌肥厚。在AV瘻管模型中評估接受非瑪沙坦(5、10和30mg/kg/天)、沙庫比曲(25、50和75mg/kg/天)和組合物(非瑪沙坦10mg/kg和沙庫比曲50mg/kg)的大鼠。在這些實驗組中的史-道二氏大鼠每日藉由胃管灌食法治療歷時七天且每日測量尿容量和鈉排泄。用媒劑治療的大鼠作為對照。假手術大鼠或用媒劑治療主動脈-腔靜脈瘻管的動物用作為對照。根據24小時尿鈉排泄將動物隨機分組。除了
假對照動物以外,尿鈉排泄<100μEq/24h的動物被選入研究中。治療開始歷時7天,同時每日測量鈉排泄,而結果表示為累積尿鈉排泄。在AV瘻管七天之後,媒劑對照顯示累積尿鈉排泄減少超過假對照(相對於媒劑對照166.0±12.5%)。如圖1中所示,長期投與非瑪沙坦和沙庫比曲表現出累積尿鈉排泄率的劑量相關增加(相對於媒劑對照,5、10與20mg/kg非瑪沙坦為31.1±13.6、41.9±12.2與82.6±13.1,25、50與75mg/kg沙庫比曲為41.9±12.1、82.6±13.5與150.1±10.4%)。非瑪沙坦和沙庫比曲的組合物,對累積尿鈉排泄顯示出比單獨非瑪沙坦和沙庫比曲(相對媒劑對照150.1±10.4%)更顯著的協同效應(圖2)。這些觀察結果指出,非瑪沙坦和沙庫比曲的組合物會減少與AV瘻管相關的容量超載。治療期結束後,評估不同實驗組動物的平均動脈壓。此外,媒劑對照顯示比假對照略微減少平均動脈壓(相比於媒劑對照升高4.8±1.7%)。非瑪沙坦(5.9±1.9%)和沙庫比曲(8.0±1.9%)進一步降低平均動脈壓,而組合物表現出勝於非瑪沙坦或沙庫比曲單獨的協同減少(18.4±2.1%)(圖2)。
表2. 在7天治療後,沙庫比曲在大鼠體內對累積鈉排泄的影響。
如圖1中所示,長期投與非瑪沙坦和沙庫比曲在累積尿鈉排泄率顯示出劑量相關增加(相對於媒劑對照,5、10與20mg/kg非瑪沙坦為31.1±13.6、41.9±12.2與82.6±13.1%,25、50與75mg/kg沙庫比曲為41.9±12.1、82.6±13.5與150.1±10.4%)。非瑪沙坦和沙庫比曲的組合物對累積尿鈉排泄顯示有顯著的協同效用(相對於媒劑對照150.1±10.4%)。非瑪沙坦(5.9±1.9%)和沙庫比曲(8.0±1.9%)更降低平均動脈壓,而組合物表現出勝於非瑪沙坦或沙庫比曲單獨的協同性減少(18.4±2.1%)(圖2)。所以,從結果顯示,非瑪沙坦和沙庫比曲的組合物相較於單獨非瑪沙坦與沙庫比曲表現出顯著協同效用。
投與非瑪沙坦10mg/kg和沙庫比曲50mg/kg以及組合物歷時4週。在開始之前,在一週恢復之後依據其收縮壓將史-道二氏大鼠進行隨機分組。這些實驗組每日透過胃管灌食法治療歷時四週,並測定其每週血壓。用媒劑治療的大鼠作為對照,而用媒劑治療之經假手術的動物作為假對照。媒劑對照相較於假對照顯示血壓上升(26.8%)。非瑪沙坦和沙庫比曲顯示顯著減少(相對於媒劑對照為減少15.9和18.7%),而組合物的四週治療使血壓升高
變成正常(相對於媒劑對照24.0%)(圖3)。
急性心臟衰竭實驗模式的特徵在於有數個接近模擬患者之CHF病理生理結果的特點,包括有特徵的神經體液活化、腎灌注減少、鈉滯留和心肌肥大(J Biomed Biotechnol.2011;2011:729497)。目前的研究證明,沙庫比曲和非瑪沙坦之組合物的急性投藥會產生顯著利尿和利尿鈉反應,伴隨血壓顯著下降。六分之五腎切除術在大鼠中代表一種高血壓模型,並在臨床上已經觀察到腎質量損失與高血壓增加有關(APMIS.1992 Dec;100(12):1097-105;International Journal of Urology(2015)22,797--804)。目前的結果指出,沙庫比曲和非瑪沙坦的這個組合物可以在經六分之五腎切除術處理大鼠中抑止血壓上升。
Claims (6)
- 一種醫藥組成物,其包含(i)非瑪沙坦(fimasartan)或其醫藥學上有效之鹽,(ii)NEP抑制劑或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,以及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
- 如請求項1之醫藥組成物,其中該NEP抑制劑為(4-[[(2S,4R)-5-乙氧基-4-甲基-5-側氧基-1-(4-苯基苯基)戊-2-基]胺基]-4-側氧基丁酸或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項1之藥理學組合物,其中非瑪沙坦或NEP抑制劑其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的劑量範圍為1mg至1000mg。
- 如請求項3之藥理學組合物,其中非瑪沙坦範圍在40mg至320mg,而NEP抑制劑其醫藥學上可接受之鹽範圍在20mg至800mg。
- 一種套組,在呈單一包裝的個別容器中包含醫藥組成物,該醫藥組成物在一個容器中包含含有NEP抑制劑的醫藥組成物,而在第二個容器中包含含有非瑪沙坦的醫藥組成物。
- 一種固體口服劑量,其包含非瑪沙坦或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽與(4-[[(2S,4R)-5-乙氧基-4-甲基-5-側氧基-1-(4-苯基苯基)戊-2-基]胺基]-4-側氧基丁酸或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的部分,其濃度佔該組成物約4重量%至約90重量%;以及至少一種醫藥學上可接受之賦形劑。
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| US4610816A (en) | 1980-12-18 | 1986-09-09 | Schering Corporation | Substituted dipeptides as inhibitors of enkephalinases |
| ZA84670B (en) | 1983-01-31 | 1985-09-25 | Merck & Co Inc | Thiorphan analogs as enkephalinase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors |
| US4722810A (en) | 1984-08-16 | 1988-02-02 | E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. | Enkephalinase inhibitors |
| US4929641B1 (en) | 1988-05-11 | 1994-08-30 | Schering Corp | Mercapto-acylamino acid antihypertensives |
| GB8811873D0 (en) | 1988-05-19 | 1988-06-22 | Pfizer Ltd | Therapeutic agents |
| GB8812597D0 (en) | 1988-05-27 | 1988-06-29 | Pfizer Ltd | Therapeutic agents |
| GB2218983A (en) | 1988-05-27 | 1989-11-29 | Pfizer Ltd | Spiro-substituted glutaramides as diuretics |
| EP0361365A1 (en) | 1988-09-30 | 1990-04-04 | E.R. SQUIBB & SONS, INC. | Aminobenzoic and aminocyclohexane-carboylic acid compounds, compositions, and their method of use |
| GB8903740D0 (en) | 1989-02-18 | 1989-04-05 | Pfizer Ltd | Therapeutic agents |
| US5223516A (en) | 1990-03-22 | 1993-06-29 | E. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. | 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-mercaptomethyl-N-tetrazolyl substituted propanamides and method of using same |
| GB9103454D0 (en) | 1991-02-19 | 1991-04-03 | Pfizer Ltd | Therapeutic agents |
| US5294632A (en) | 1991-05-01 | 1994-03-15 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Phosphono/biaryl substituted dipetide derivatives |
| US5250522A (en) | 1992-10-09 | 1993-10-05 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Phosphono/biaryl substituted amino acid derivatives |
| US5273990A (en) | 1992-09-03 | 1993-12-28 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Phosphono substituted tetrazole derivatives |
| GB9123353D0 (en) | 1991-11-04 | 1991-12-18 | Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co | New mercapto-amide derivatives,processes for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical composition comprising the same |
| WO1993010773A1 (en) | 1991-12-06 | 1993-06-10 | Schering-Plough S.P.A. | Use of neutral endopeptidase inhibitors in the treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy |
| US5217996A (en) | 1992-01-22 | 1993-06-08 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Biaryl substituted 4-amino-butyric acid amides |
| DE4233296C1 (de) | 1992-10-02 | 1994-03-31 | Heitland Und Petre Int Gmbh | Behälter für Kosmetikprodukte |
| WO1994015908A1 (fr) | 1993-01-14 | 1994-07-21 | Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. | Derive de propionamide et son utilisation medicinale |
| JPH06234754A (ja) | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-23 | Dai Ichi Seiyaku Co Ltd | 複素環式カルボン酸誘導体 |
| IT1266571B1 (it) | 1993-07-30 | 1997-01-09 | Zambon Spa | Derivati della beta-mercapto-propanammide utili nel trattamento delle malattie cardiovascolari |
| JP3576193B2 (ja) | 1993-12-03 | 2004-10-13 | 第一製薬株式会社 | ビフェニルメチル置換バレリルアミド誘導体 |
| AU2005256634B2 (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2010-12-09 | Solvay Pharmaceuticals Gmbh | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising NEP-inhibitors, inhibitors of the endogenous endothelin producing system and AT1-receptor antagonists |
| WO2007045663A2 (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-04-26 | Novartis Ag | Combination of an ati receptor antagonist and a np inhibitor fro treating ia hypertension and heartfailure |
| CN105693543B (zh) * | 2014-12-15 | 2018-08-10 | 四川海思科制药有限公司 | 沙库比曲类衍生物、其药物组合物、制备方法及用途 |
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- 2016-10-20 US US15/771,334 patent/US20180311241A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| US20180311241A1 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
| WO2017072636A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
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