TW201726838A - 氟化表面效應塗層中的疏水性延伸劑 - Google Patents
氟化表面效應塗層中的疏水性延伸劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201726838A TW201726838A TW105131877A TW105131877A TW201726838A TW 201726838 A TW201726838 A TW 201726838A TW 105131877 A TW105131877 A TW 105131877A TW 105131877 A TW105131877 A TW 105131877A TW 201726838 A TW201726838 A TW 201726838A
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Abstract
本發明關於一種經塗佈物品，其包含在物品之表面上的一部分或完整氟化塗層，其中該氟化塗層包含5至99重量%的疏水性化合物、以及1至95重量%的氟化表面效應劑，以上兩者均基於該塗層之總固體重量，其中該疏水性化合物係選自疏水性環狀或非環狀酯醇。
Description
經疏水性取代酯醇被用作為塗層中之表面效應劑的延伸劑，以提供給各種物品增強之表面效應。
已知多種組成物有用於作為處理劑以提供基材表面效應。表面效應包括防潮、防污、防沾污性、以及其他效應，其係特別用於纖維基材，例如：纖維、織物、紡織品、地毯、紙張、皮革及其他該等基材。許多該種處理劑為部分氟化聚合物或部分氟化共聚物。
具有作為纖維基材處理劑之效用的氟化聚合物組成物，基本上含有三個或更多碳原子的側接全氟烷，該等氟化聚合物組成物在將組成物施加於纖維基材表面時，提供撥油性及撥水性。全氟烷基團通常藉由各種連接基團而附接至不含氟的可聚合基團。生成之單體通常接著與其他單體共聚合，該額外之單體賦予基材另外有利的性質。可併入各種特殊的單體以賦予改良的交聯、乳膠穩定性、及親和力。因為各成分除所欲之性質外，亦會賦予一些潛在的非所欲性質，該特定的組合係關於所欲之用途。這些聚合物基本上係作為水性乳液市售，便於施加至纖維基材。
已進行各種嘗試，以提升賦予給基材的撥油性及撥水性以及基材的耐久性，同時減少所需的氟化聚合物量，亦即提升處理劑的效率或性能。一種方法係併入嵌段型異氰酸酯或三聚氰胺樹脂。然而，僅可使用有限的量，理由在於這些成分易於負面影響纖維基材的手感(織物手感)。另一方法使用的是各種延伸劑聚合物。一般而言，其等係水性乳液中的烴類聚合物，在施加至基材之前，會先與氟化聚合物乳液摻合。
美國專利7,820,745揭示了含有在水性介質中的氟化共聚物及山梨醇酐酯的水性之撥水性組成物和撥油性組成物被以少量使用而作用為界面活性劑。
存在有對於提供疏水性性能以及改良之氟效率的表面效應劑之需求。本發明提供該等組成物。
本發明關於一種經塗佈物品，其包含在一物品之表面上的一部分或完整氟化塗層，其中該塗層包含5至99重量%的疏水性化合物、以及1至95重量%的至少一種氟化表面效應劑，以上兩者均基於該塗層之總固體重量且係選自經至少兩個-R1、-C(O)R1、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mR2、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mC(O)R1、或其混合物取代的環狀或非環狀醇；其中該環狀或非環狀糖醇係選自季戊四醇、醣、還原糖、胺醣、檸檬酸、醛醣酸、或醛醣酸內酯；其中各n獨立地係0至20；各m獨立地係0至20；m+n大於0；各R1獨立地係具有5至29個碳的
直鏈或支鏈烷基；各R2獨立地係-H、具有6至30個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基；且其中，若氟化表面效應劑係氟化丙烯酸共聚物，則該氟化丙烯酸共聚物係包含下列者的單體之反應產物：a)一或多種氟化乙烯系不飽和單體；b)具有極性基團或反應性基團之乙烯系不飽和單體；及c)一或多種選自以下之單體：具有極性基團或反應性基團之第二乙烯系不飽和單體、或非氟化乙烯系不飽和疏水性單體，其中該疏水性單體c)之均聚物具有45℃之最大玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)及/或25℃之最大熔融轉移溫度(Tm)。
本發明進一步關於一種將表面效應賦予給一物品的方法，其包含以氟化塗層接觸該物品的表面，以形成一部分或完整經塗佈物品，其中該塗層包含5至99重量%之疏水性化合物以及1至95重量%的至少一種氟化表面效應劑，以上兩者均基於該塗層之總固體重量且係選自經至少兩個-R1、-C(O)R1、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mR2、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mC(O)R1、或其混合物取代的環狀或非環狀醇；其中該環狀或非環狀糖醇係選自季戊四醇、醣、還原糖、胺醣、檸檬酸、醛醣酸、或醛醣酸內酯；其中各n獨立地係0至20；各m獨立地係0至20；m+n大於0；各R1獨立地係具有5至29個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基；各R2獨立地係-H、具有6至30個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基；且其中，若氟化表面效應劑係氟化丙烯酸共聚物，則該氟化丙烯酸共聚物係包含下列者的單體之反應產物：a)一或多種氟化乙烯系不飽和單體；b)具有極性基團或反應性基團之乙烯系不飽和單體；及c)
一或多種選自以下之單體：具有極性基團或反應性基團之第二乙烯系不飽和單體、或非氟化乙烯系不飽和疏水性單體，其中該疏水性單體c)之均聚物具有45℃之最大玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)及/或25℃之最大熔融轉移溫度(Tm)。
本文指出之商標以大寫顯示。
本發明關於一種經塗佈物品，其包含在一物品之表面上的一部分或完整氟化塗層，其中該塗層包含5至99重量%的疏水性化合物、以及1至95重量%的至少一種氟化表面效應劑，以上兩者均基於該塗層之總固體重量且係選自經至少兩個-R1、-C(O)R1、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mR2、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mC(O)R1、或其混合物取代的環狀或非環狀醇；其中該環狀或非環狀糖醇係選自季戊四醇、醣、還原糖、胺醣、檸檬酸、醛醣酸、或醛醣酸內酯；其中各n獨立地係0至20；各m獨立地係0至20；m+n大於0；各R1獨立地係具有5至29個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基；各R2獨立地係-H、具有6至30個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基；且其中，若氟化表面效應劑係氟化丙烯酸共聚物，則該氟化丙烯酸共聚物係包含下列者的單體之反應產物：a)一或多種氟化乙烯系不飽和單體；b)具有極性基團或反應性基團之乙烯系不飽和單體；及c)一或多種選自以下之單體：具有極性基團或反應性基團之第二乙烯系
不飽和單體、或非氟化乙烯系不飽和疏水性單體，其中該疏水性單體c)之均聚物具有45℃之最大玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)及/或25℃之最大熔融轉移溫度(Tm)。-(CH2CH2O)-表示氧伸乙基(oxyethylene group,EO)，且-(CH(CH3)CH2O)-表示氧伸丙基(oxypropylene group,PO)。這些化合物可僅含EO基、僅含PO基、或含其混合物。例如，這些化合物亦可以標示為PEG-PPG-PEG(聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇-聚乙二醇)之三-嵌段共聚物存在。在一個實施例中，n+m係1至20；在另一實施例中，n+m係1至15；以及在一第三實施例中，n+m係1至12。
該疏水性化合物可係一聚酯醇，其具有源自多元醇化合物或多羧酸化合物的至少兩種疏水性取代。合適的多元醇之實例包括但不限於環狀或非環狀糖醇；或季戊四醇，包含二季戊四醇。合適的多羧酸化合物包括檸檬酸。環狀或非環狀糖醇係選自一醣、還原糖、胺醣、醛醣酸、或醛醣酸內酯。亦可使用這些化合物之混合物。該疏水性化合物係經至少兩個-R1；-C(O)R1；(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mR2；-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mC(O)R1；或其混合物取代。此種取代提供單體以及聚合物分子疏水特性。在一個實施例中，疏水性化合物係經至少三個-R1；-C(O)R1；-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mR2、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mC(O)R1；或其混合物取代。
經取代化合物可藉由糖醇與至少一種脂肪酸或烷氧基化脂肪酸之反應生成：例如藉由脂肪酸的酯化反應；或藉由多羧酸與長鏈醇之酯化反應。此等糖醇之實例包括但不限於醛醣及酮醣，如由丁
醣、戊醣、己醣、及庚醣所衍生的化合物。具體實例包括葡萄糖、1,4-脫水-D-葡萄糖醇(1,4-anhydro-D-glucitol)、2,5-脫水-D-甘露糖醇(2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol)、2,5-脫水-L-艾杜糖醇(2,5-anhydro-L-iditol)、山梨醇酐(sorbitan)、甘油醛、原藻醛糖(erythrose)、阿拉伯糖(arabinose)、核糖、阿拉伯糖(arabinose)、阿洛糖(allose)、阿卓糖(altrose)、甘露糖(mannose)、木糖(xylose)、來蘇糖(lyxose)、古洛糖(gulose)、半乳糖(glactose)、塔羅糖(talose)、果糖、核酮糖、甘露庚酮糖(mannoheptulose)、景天庚酮糖(sedohelptulose)、異赤藻糖(threose)、赤藻糖醇(erythritol)、蘇糖醇(threitol)、哌喃葡萄糖(glucopyranose)、哌喃甘露糖(mannopyranose)、哌喃塔羅糖(talopyranose)、哌喃阿洛糖(allopyranose)、哌喃阿卓糖(altropyranose)、哌喃艾杜糖(idopyranose)、哌喃古洛糖(gulopyranose)、葡萄糖醇、甘露糖醇(mannitol)、赤藻糖醇(erythritol)、山梨糖醇(sorbitol)、阿拉伯糖醇(arabitol)、木糖醇(xylitol)、核糖醇、半乳糖醇(galactitol)、海藻糖醇(fucitol)、艾杜糖醇(iditol)、肌醇(inositol)、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、庚七醇(volemitol)、葡萄糖酸、甘油酸、木糖酸(xylonic acid)、半乳糖二酸(galactaric acid)、抗壞血酸(ascorbic acid)、檸檬酸、葡萄糖酸內酯(gluconic acid lactone)、甘油酸內酯(glyceric acid lactone)、木糖酸內酯(xylonic acid lactone)、葡萄胺糖(glucosamine)、半乳胺糖(galactosamine)、或其混合物。
適合的脂肪酸包括但不限於辛酸(caprylic acid)、癸酸(capric acid)、月桂酸(lauric acid)、肉豆蔻酸(mysteric acid)、軟脂酸(palmitic acid)、硬脂酸(stearic acid)、二十二酸(behenic acid)、二十四酸(lignoceric acid)、該等酸類的烷氧基化形式、及其混合物。在一個實施例中，R1係具有11至29個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基，而在另一實施例中，R1係具有17至21個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基。在一個實施例中，R2係具有12至30個碳之直鏈或支鏈烷基，在另一實施例中，R2係具有18至30個碳之直鏈或支鏈烷基，且在另一實施例中，R2係具有18至22個碳之直鏈或支鏈烷基。在一個實施例中，環狀或非環狀醇的脂肪酸取代具有至少-59℃的熔點。在另一個實施例中，環狀或非環狀醇的脂肪酸取代具有至少0℃的熔點，而在第三實施例中，環狀或非環狀醇的脂肪酸取代具有至少40℃的熔點。
在一個實施例中，疏水性化合物係選自式(Ia)、(Ib)、或(Ic)：
其中疏水性化合物係式(Ia)時，可使用任何合適的經取代還原糖醇，包括1,4-山梨醇酐之酯、2,5-山梨醇酐之酯、及3,6-山梨醇酐之酯。在一個實施例中，疏水性化合物係選自式(a)而為式(Ia’)：
其中R進一步限制為-H；-R1；或-C(O)R1，且至少兩個R基係-C(O)R1或R1。用於形成具有R之至少一者係-H且至少兩個R基係選自-C(O)R1的式(Ia’)之殘基的化合物通常稱為烷基山梨醇酐。這些山梨醇酐可經-C(O)R1雙取代、或三取代。已知市售之山梨醇酐(如
SPAN)含有各種山梨醇酐的混合物，涵括了其中各R為H(未經取代)之山梨醇酐至其中各R為-C(O)R1(經完全取代)之山梨醇酐；其中R1係一具有5至29個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基；以及其各種取代之混合物。市售之山梨醇酐也可包括一些山梨醇、異山梨醇(isosorbide)、或其他中間物或副產物。
在一個實施例中，至少兩個R基係-C(O)R1，且R1係一具有5至29個碳的直鏈支鏈烷基。在另一實施例中，R1係具有7至21個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基，且在第三實施例中，R1係具有11至21個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基。用於形成該等殘基的較佳化合物包括雙取代、以及三取代山梨醇酐，其等衍生自辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、軟脂酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、二十二酸、二十四酸、及其混合物。特別較佳的化合物包括雙、以及三取代山梨醇酐硬脂酸酯或山梨醇酐山崳精。
在一個實施例中，使用的是式(Ia)之化合物，其中至少兩個R基獨立地係-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mR2或-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mC(O)R1。式(Ia)(其中至少兩個R係-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mR2或-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mC(O)R1，其中各m獨立地為0至20，各n獨立地為0至20，且n+m大於0)之化合物稱為聚山梨醇酯且以商品名TWEEN市售可得。這些聚山梨醇酯可經烷基R1或R2雙取代、或三取代。已知市售之聚山梨醇酯含有各種聚山梨醇酯之混合物，包括其中各R2係H(未經取代)之聚山梨醇酯、至其中各R1係
具有5至29個碳之直鏈或支鏈烷基(經完全取代)之聚山梨醇酯；以及其各種取代之混合物。式(Ia)之化合物實例包括聚山梨醇酯，如聚山梨醇酯三硬脂酸酯以及聚山梨醇酯單硬脂酸酯。式(Ia)之化合物(其中m+n大於0，且其中R1包含至少1個不飽和鍵)之實例聚山梨醇酯三油酸酯(其中R1係C7H14CH=CHC8H17)係以Polysorbate 80名稱市售，但該等實例不限於聚山梨醇酯三油酸酯。試劑可包括具有各種值之R、R1、及R2值之化合物的混合物，並且也可包括其中R1包含至少一個不飽和鍵結之化合物與其中R1係完全飽和之化合物的混合物。
式(Ib)之化合物稱為檸檬酸烷基酯。這些檸檬酸酯可以經烷基雙取代、或三取代之形式存在。已知市售之檸檬酸酯含有各種檸檬酸酯以及檸檬酸的混合物，包括其中R及各R4為-H之檸檬酸、至其中各R4為一具有6至30個碳且可選地包含至少1個不飽和鍵之直鏈或支鏈烷基的檸檬酸酯；以及其各種取代之混合物。可使用具有各種數值之R1、R2、以及R4的檸檬酸酯之混合物，並且也可包括其中R1包含至少一個不飽和鍵結之化合物與其中R1係完全飽和之化合物的混合物。檸檬酸烷基酯亦可自市面購得，其中m+n大於0，R4係-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mR2；或(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mC(O)R1，並且呈各種取代，從其中R及各R2係H者，至其中各R1及/或R2係一具有5至30個碳之直鏈或支鏈烷基者。式(Ib)之化合物實例包括但不限於檸檬酸三烷基酯。
式(Ic)化合物稱為季戊四醇酯。這些季戊四醇酯可以經烷基雙取代或三取代之形式存在。用於形成式(Ic)的X之較佳化合物
係二季戊四醇酯，其中R19係-CH2C[CH2OR]3。已知市售之季戊四醇酯含有各種季戊四醇酯之混合物，包括其中R19及各R為-H之季戊四醇酯、至其中各R為-C(O)R1且R1為一具有5至29個碳；以及其各種取代之混合物。季戊四醇酯亦可含有具有不同鏈長的R之混合物的化合物，或其中R1包含至少一個不飽和鍵的化合物及其中R1為完全飽和之化合物的混合物。
式(Ia)、(Ib)、以及(Ic)之化合物可以係完全衍生自生質基質。「衍生自生質基質(bio-based derived)」意指材料之至少10%可產自非原油來源，如植物(plant)、其他植物群落(vegetation)、以及動物脂。在一個實施例中，疏水性化合物係約10%至100%衍生自生質基質。在一個實施例中，疏水性化合物係約35%至100%衍生自生質基質。在另一實施例中，疏水性化合物係約50%至100%衍生自生質基質。在一個實施例中，疏水性化合物係約75%至100%衍生自生質基質。在一個實施例中，疏水性化合物係100%衍生自生質基質。疏水性化合物之平均OH值範圍可從僅大於0至約230。在一個實施例中，平均OH值係從約10至約175，且在另一實施例中，平均OH值係從約25至約140。
在一個態樣中，物品表面上之塗層包含5至99重量%之疏水性化合物以及1至95重量%之表面效應劑，以上兩者均基於該塗層之總固體重量。在另一態樣中，物品表面上之塗層包含10至90重量%之疏水性化合物以及10至90重量%之表面效應劑，以上兩者均基於該塗層之總固體重量；而在第三態樣中，係20至80重量%之
疏水性化合物以及20至80重量%之表面效應劑，以上兩者均基於該塗層之總固體重量。用語「塗層之固體重量(solids weight of the coating)」用於意指在水、溶劑、或其他液體成分蒸發後，殘留之塗層成分總和。換句話說，其係塗層之非水成分、非溶劑成分、以及非揮發性成分的總和。該塗層可進一步包含水性溶劑、或有機溶劑、聚合物樹脂、色素、功能性添加劑、以及界面活性劑。
表面效應劑提供以下表面效應：例如不需熨燙(no iron)、易於熨燙(easy to iron)、收縮率控制(shrinkage control)、防皺(wrinkle free)、免燙(permanent press)、濕度控制(moisture control)、柔軟(softness)、強韌(strength)、防滑(anti-slip)、抗靜電(anti-static)、防鉤傷(anti-snag)、防起毛毬(anti-pill)、抗污性(stain repellency)、去污性(stain release)、撥污性(soil repellency)、去垢(soil release)、撥水性(water repellency)、撥油性(oil repellency)、氣味控制(odor control)、抗菌(antimicrobial)、防曬(sun protection)、以及相似的效果。此等材料可係疏水性部分氟化胺甲酸酯、陽離子性部分氟化丙烯酸聚合物或共聚物、非離子性部分氟化丙烯酸聚合物或共聚物、部分氟化丙烯醯胺聚合物或共聚物、氟化磷酸酯、氟化乙氧基化物、氟化或非氟化有機矽烷、聚矽氧、蠟(包括石蠟)、及其混合物之形式。一些去污性和去垢性處理劑係親水性且包括如聚丙烯酸甲酯或親水性胺甲酸酯之化合物。這些化合物也可用作表面效應劑且以下列比例與疏水性化合物組合使用，在一個態樣中係約1：99或5：95至95：5；在第二態樣中係約10：90至90：10；而在第三態樣中係約
20：80至80：20，以上比例均基於該塗層之總固體重量。在另一實施例中，這些化合物被用作表面效應劑且以下列比例與疏水性化合物組合使用：在一個態樣中係約21：79至79：21；在第二態樣中係約25：75至75：25；而在第三態樣中係約30：70至70：30，以上比例均基於該塗層之總固體重量。
藉由先將疏水性化合物與疏水性表面效應劑結合再施加於物品，而賦予物品優越的性質以及所欲性質(低黃化及良好耐久性)。這些組合之摻合物係在施加其他處理化學製品之前、之後、或之期間任一者，以水中或其他溶劑中的分散體形式施加至物品。
特別值得關注的是用來作為疏水性表面效應劑以對經處理基材之表面提供撥斥性質的氟化聚合物。其等包括氟化物化合物或聚合物，該等氟化物化合物或聚合物含有一或多個氟脂族基團(這裡標示為Rf基團)，係氟化、穩定、惰性、且無極性、較佳為飽和、單價、且同時係疏油性與疏水性。Rf基團含有至少3個碳原子，較佳地3至20個碳原子，更佳地4至12個碳原子，且最佳地約4至約6個碳原子。Rf基團可含有直鏈或支鏈或環狀氟化伸烷基或其組合。Rf基團的終部分較佳為式CnF2n+1之全氟化脂族基，其中n係約3至約20。氟化聚合物處理劑的實例係CAPSTONE以及ZONYL，可得自The Chemours Company,Wilmington,DE；ASAHI GARD，可得自Asahi Glass Company,Ltd.,Tokyo,Japan；UNIDYNE，可得自Daikin America,Inc.,Orangeburg,NY；SCOTCHGARD，可得自3M
Company,St.Paul,MN；及NANO TEX，可得自Nanotex,Emeryville,CA。
此等氟化聚合物的實例包括含Rf之聚胺甲酸酯以及聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯。氟化胺甲酸酯包括例如包含Rf之單醇與多異氰酸酯及水之反應產物，其可選地含有第二異氰酸酯反應性化合物。在一個態樣中，氟化聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯係氟化物(甲基)丙烯酸單體與可共聚合化單乙烯基化合物或共軛二烯的共聚物。可共聚合的單乙烯基化合物包括(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯、脂族酸之乙烯基酯、苯乙烯和烷基苯乙烯、乙烯基鹵化物、鹵化亞乙烯、烷基酯、乙烯基烷基酮類、以及丙烯醯胺。共軛二烯較佳為1,3-丁二烯。前述類別內的代表性化合物包括：下列之丙烯酸烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸烷基酯：甲基、丙基、丁基、2-羥丙基、2-羥乙基、異戊酯、2-乙基己基、辛基、癸基、月桂基、十六烷基、以及十八烷基；乙烯基乙酸酯、乙烯基丙酸酯、乙烯基辛酸酯、乙烯基月桂酸酯、乙烯基硬脂酸脂酯、苯乙烯、α甲基苯乙烯、對甲基苯乙烯、氟乙烯、氯乙烯、溴乙烯、二氟乙烯、二氯乙烯、烯丙基庚酸酯、烯丙基乙酸酯、烯丙基辛酸酯、烯丙基己酸酯、乙烯基甲基酮、乙烯基乙基酮、1,3-丁二烯、2-氯-1,3-丁二烯、2,3-二氯-1,3-丁二烯、異戊二烯、N-羥甲基丙烯醯胺、N-羥甲基甲基丙烯醯胺、縮水甘油丙烯酸酯、縮水甘油甲基丙烯酸酯、胺終端(甲基)丙烯酸酯、及聚氧基(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
其中氟化表面效應劑係部分氟化丙烯酸聚合物，則該部分氟化丙烯酸聚合物係包含下列者的單體之反應產物：a)一或多種氟
化乙烯系不飽和單體；b)具有極性基團或反應性基團之乙烯系不飽和單體；及c)一或多種選自以下之單體：具有極性基團或反應性基團之第二乙烯系不飽和單體、或非氟化乙烯系不飽和疏水性單體，其中該疏水性單體c)之均聚物具有45℃之最大玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)及/或25℃之最大熔融轉移溫度(Tm)。
在一個態樣中，適合之氟化丙烯酸聚合物係40至99.8重量%之單體a)、0.1至30重量%之單體b)、及0.1至30重量%之單體c)的反應產物，其中總單體單元等於100%。在另一態樣中，氟化丙烯酸聚合物係45至98.9重量%之單體a)、0.1至25重量%之單體b)、及1至30重量%之單體c)的反應產物，其中總單體單元等於100%。在另一態樣中，單體c)含有具有極性基團或反應性基團之第二乙烯系不飽和單體以及非氟化乙烯系不飽和疏水性單體兩者，該疏水性單體c)之均聚物具有45℃之最大玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)及/或25℃之最大熔融轉移溫度(Tm)。在第三態樣中，氟化丙烯酸聚合物係45至99.7重量%之單體a)、0.1至15重量%之單體b)、0.1至15重量%之具有極性基團或反應性基團之第二乙烯系不飽和單體的單體c)、及0.1至15重量%之非氟化乙烯系不飽和單體的反應產物，其中該疏水性單體c)之均聚物具有45℃之最大玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)及/或25℃之最大熔融轉移溫度(Tm)，其中總單體單元等於100%。在第四態樣中，使用除a)、b)、及c)之外的額外之單體，其中總單體單元等於100%。
用於導入氟烷基官能性的特定氟化乙烯系不飽和單體a)包括但不限於RfCH2CH2OC(O)CR3=CH2、
RfSO2NHCH2CH2OC(O)CR3=CH2、RfCH2CH2SCH2CH2OC(O)CR3=CH2、RfCH2CH2CF2CF2CH2CH2OC(O)CR3=CH2、RfCH2CH2(CF2CF2CH2CH2)2OC(O)CR3=CH2、RfCH2CF2CH2CH2OC(O)CR3=CH2、RfCH2CF2CH2CF2CH2CH2OC(O)CR3=CH2、RfOCF2CF2CH2CH2OC(O)CR3=CH2、RfCH2OCH2CH2O C(O)CR3=CH2、RfCHFCH2CH2OH、RfCH2O(CH2)6OC(O)CR3=CH2、(CF3)2CFCH2CH2OC(O)CR3=CH2、(CF3)2CFCH2CH2 CH2OC(O)CR3=CH2、RfCH2CH2SO2NHCH2CH2OC(O)CR3=CH2、RfCH2CH2SO2N(CH3)CH2CH2OC(O)CR3=CH2、RfCH2CH2SO2N(CH2CH3)CH2CH2OC(O)CR3=CH2、R-(CF(CF3)CF2O)yCH2OC(O)CR3=CH2、CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2CH2OC(O)CR3=CH2、或RfCH2OC2F4CH2OCH2CH2OC(O)CR3=CH2，其中Rf為C1-C20的直鏈或支鏈氟烷基、或CH2=CH-COO-C2H4-N(CH3)-SO2-C2H4-C6F13、2-[甲基[(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-九氟己基)磺醯基]胺基]乙基丙烯酸酯、2-[甲基[(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-十三氟辛基)磺醯基]胺基]乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、或2-[[(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-十三氟辛基)磺醯基]胺基]乙基甲基丙烯酸酯。在一個實施例中，Rf係C2至C6全氟烷基。
特定非氟化乙烯系不飽和疏水性單體c)包括但不限於直鏈或支鏈(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯或是直鏈或支鏈烷基(甲基)丙烯醯胺。在
一個態樣中，適合之單體包括但不限於(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、二級丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸環己酯、二乙胺基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、二甲胺基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十二烷酯、十二烷基乙烯醚、丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基已酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十六烷酯、甲基丙烯酸已酯、丙烯酸異丁酯、異丁基乙烯基醚、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基苯乙烯、或甲基丙烯酸辛酯。
有用於作為單體組分b)或c)之具有極性基團或反應性基團的乙烯系不飽和單體之單體包括乙氧基化(甲基)丙烯酸酯，例如7-EO甲基丙烯酸酯、9-PO甲基丙烯酸酯、或3.5-EO/2.5-PO甲基丙烯酸酯；羥基終端(甲基)丙烯酸酯，例如N-羥甲基丙烯醯胺、N-羥甲基丙烯酸酯、羥乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、或羥丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯；羧酸單體，例如(甲基)丙烯酸；或環氧丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯。在一個實施例中，單體b)係乙氧基化(甲基)丙烯酸酯，且至少一種單體c)係羥基-終端(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
額外之單體也可以包括在氟化丙烯酸聚合物中，惟總單體單元加總係100%。例如，可添加額外之疏水性單體，該等疏水性單體具有高於45℃之Tg及/或高於25℃之Tm。此類單體包括但不限於長鏈(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯單體。在一個態樣中，氟化丙烯酸聚合物係單體a)、b)、c)、d)疏水性乙烯系不飽和單體的反應產物，具有至少45℃之Tg及/或至少25℃之Tm。
施加至纖維基材之本發明之塗層可選地進一步包含嵌段異氰酸酯，以提高耐久性，其係於共聚合後(亦即，作為摻合之異氰
酸酯)添加。適合之嵌段異氰酸酯的實例為PHOBOL XAN，可得自Huntsman Corp.,Salt Lake City,UT。其他市售封端異氰酸酯亦適合本文中之用途。添加嵌段異氰酸酯之需求性視該共聚物之特定應用而定。對於大部分目前預想的應用而言，其無需存在即可達到令人滿意的鏈間交聯或對纖維鍵結。當作為摻合異氰酸酯加入時，所添加的量至多約20重量%。
本發明之塗料組成物可選地進一步包含另外的成分，如用以達成另外的表面效應之處理劑或精整劑、或常與此等處理劑或精整劑搭配使用的添加劑。此等另外的成分包含化合物或組成物，其提供表面效應，例如：不需熨燙(no iron)、易於熨燙(easy to iron)、收縮率控制(shrinkage control)、防皺(wrinkle free)、免燙(permanent press)、濕度控制(moisture control)、柔軟(softness)、強韌(strength)、防滑(anti-slip)、抗靜電(anti-static)、防鉤傷(anti-snag)、防起毛毬(anti-pill)、抗污性(stain repellency)、去污性(stain release)、撥污性(soil repellency)、去垢(soil release)、撥水性(water repellency)、撥油性(oil repellency)、氣味控制(odor control)、抗菌(antimicrobial)、防曬(sun protection)、以及相似的效果。可將一或多種此等處理劑或精整劑與摻合之組成物組合且施加至纖維基材。亦可存在常搭配此等處理劑或精整劑使用的其他添加劑，如界面活性劑、pH調整劑、交聯劑、潤濕劑、以及其他所屬領域技術熟練者已知的添加劑。另外，可選地包括其他延伸劑組成物以獲得效益組合。
例如，在處理合成織物時，可使用如ALKANOL 6112的潤濕劑，其可得自The Chemours Company,Wilmington,DE。如進一步之實例，在處理棉或摻棉織物時，可使用如PERMAFRESH EFC的抗皺樹脂，其可得自Emerald Carolina,LLC,Cahrlotte,NC。如進一步實例，在處理不織布時，可運用如FREEPEL 1225WR的蠟延伸劑，其可得自Omnova Solutions Chester,SC。亦適用的是：如可得自Stepan,Northfield,IL之ZELEC KC的抗靜電劑；或潤濕劑，如己醇。分散體一般係以噴灑、浸泡、填料或其他熟知的方法而施加至纖維基材。在過量液體已例如藉由擠壓輥予以移除後，使經處理的纖維基材乾燥，然後藉由加熱固化，例如，加熱至約100℃至約190℃，歷時至少30秒，一般而言係約60至約240秒。此固化強化了撥油性、撥水性及撥髒污性，以及該等撥斥性之耐久性。雖然這些係典型的固化條件，但是一些商用設備可因其特定設計特徵而在這些範圍以外操作。
在一個實施例中，本發明係關於一種將表面效應賦予給一物品的方法，其包含以氟化塗層接觸該物品的表面，以形成一部分或完整經塗佈物品，其中該塗層包含5至99重量%之疏水性化合物以及1至95重量%的至少一種氟化表面效應劑，以上兩者均基於該塗層之總固體重量且係選自經至少兩個-R1、-C(O)R1、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mR2、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mC(O)R1、或其混合物取代的環狀或非環狀醇；其中該環狀或非環狀糖醇係選自季戊四醇、醣、還原糖、胺
醣、檸檬酸、醛醣酸、或醛醣酸內酯；其中各n獨立地係0至20；各m獨立地係0至20；m+n大於0；各R1獨立地係具有5至29個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基；各R2獨立地係-H、具有6至30個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基；且其中，若氟化表面效應劑係氟化丙烯酸共聚物，則該氟化丙烯酸共聚物係包含下列者的單體之反應產物：a)一或多種氟化乙烯系不飽和單體；b)具有極性基團或反應性基團之乙烯系不飽和單體；及c)一或多種選自以下之單體：具有極性基團或反應性基團之第二乙烯系不飽和單體、或非氟化乙烯系不飽和疏水性單體，其中該疏水性單體c)之均聚物具有45℃之最大玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)及/或25℃之最大熔融轉移溫度(Tm)。
該等物品可包括但不限於纖維、紡織品、織物、織物摻合物、紙張、非織物、皮革、支撐劑粒子、無機氧化物粒子、未上釉混凝土、磚塊、瓷磚、花崗岩、石灰石、大理石、水泥漿、砂漿、雕像、紀念碑、木頭、複合材料、磨石子、玻璃、熱塑性片材、熱成形或模塑物品、發泡片材或物品、金屬、種子、塗漆織物或帆布、或其組合。接觸步驟可藉由以水溶液、水性分散液、有機溶劑溶液、或有機溶劑分散液、或共溶劑溶液、或共溶劑分散液的形式施加疏水性化合物而發生。接觸步驟可藉由任何習用方法發生，包括但不限於噴灑、滾捲、浸軋、塗漆、滴流、粉末塗佈、在疏水性化合物的液態載體中混合物品、滾筒抛光、或網板印刷。
在一個態樣中，該方法進一步包含加熱該部分或完全經塗佈物品的步驟。例如，疏水性劑可單獨施加、或以在液態載體中之
形式施加，經處理的物品可以被加熱以融化、流動、乾燥、或者將疏水性處理劑固定到物品表面上。物品表面上的最終塗層將係固化持久永久塗層。在另一態樣中，該方法進一步包含藉由乾燥、冷卻、或使冷卻而固化塗層的步驟。如果使用液態載劑的話，可藉由加熱或風乾而使液態載劑蒸發，因而留下永久固體塗層。
在一個態樣中，接觸步驟在洗衣機中發生。可以使用的具體方法在US2016/0090560有所描述。例如，使用水來協助分散塗料組成物，例如藉由洗衣機的洗滌循環或潤洗循環。在洗滌循環或潤洗循環中所使用的水之溫度可為任何溫度，包括冷、室溫、溫、或熱。使添加劑與基材接觸的方法包括但不限於：藉由將上述處理組成物傾注至洗衣機的槽中而導入洗衣處理組成物、將處理組成物傾注至洗衣機的清潔劑或處理劑儲槽(reservoir)中、添加含有添加劑組成物的可溶性小袋(dissolvable pouch)、或者添加含有添加劑組成物的控制釋放(controlled-release)之可再用容器。亦可使用包含兩種洗衣處理組成物的洗衣添加劑組成物來實施該等方法之任一者。替代地，可於缸(tub)、桶(bucket)或洗槽(sink)中，將洗衣添加劑組成物或洗衣處理組成物導入至水性液(aqueous liquor)中，並與纖維基材接觸，例如在以手洗滌織物時。
該方法可進一步包含以熱固化該疏水性化合物的步驟。可使用任何適當的加熱方法，例如在乾燥機中進行機械乾燥、熨燙(ironing)、蒸氣處理(steaming)、吹乾(blow drying)、以加熱燈進行乾燥、或者靠近熱之輻射源而進行乾燥。在一個實施例中，固化步驟發
生在約30℃至約100℃的溫度。在另一實施例中，固化步驟發生在約35℃至約80℃的溫度，而在另一實施例中溫度係約40℃至約60℃，歷時至少30分鐘，較佳地至少35分鐘，且更佳地至少40分鐘。可實施任何乾燥方法，包括風乾(air drying)、滾轉乾燥(tumbling dry)或是加熱基材至乾燥。此種乾燥循環通常可在乾衣機上找到，包括滾轉乾燥循環(tumble dry cycle)、以熱滾轉乾燥之循環(tumble dry with heat cycle)、或者加熱之非滾轉循環(heated non-tumble cycle)。在一個實施例中，經處理的基材係以熱滾轉乾燥(tumbled dry)。此固化強化了撥油性、撥水性及撥髒污性，以及該等撥斥性之耐久性。雖然這些係典型的固化條件，但是一些商用設備可因其特定設計特徵而在這些範圍以外操作。
在一個實施例中，物品係纖維基材，包括纖維、紡織品、紙張、非織物、皮革、織物、織物摻合物、或其組合物。「織物(fabrics)」指天然織物、或合成織物、或其摻合物，係由纖維組成，該等纖維係諸如棉、人造絲、絲綢、毛、聚酯、聚丙烯、聚烯、耐綸、以及芳綸(如「NOMEX」以及「KEVLAR」)。所謂的「織物摻合物(fabric blend)」係指由兩種或更多種的纖維所製成的織物。通常這些摻合物係至少一種天然纖維且至少一種合成纖維的組合，但是也可以係兩種或更多種天然纖維或兩種或更多種合成纖維之摻合物。
在一個態樣中，物品係固體支撐劑粒子或無機氧化物粒子。可藉由所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者習知的任何適用方法來塗佈固體支撐劑或無機氧化物粒子。一個適用方法包括將疏水性化合物
與水在pH係5之下混合整夜。固體支撐劑接著與液態疏水性化合物分散液接觸且藉由滾磨5分鐘而混合。接著將經表面處理支撐劑與多餘液體分離，並於100℃的烘箱中乾燥，以提供經表面處理固體支撐劑。進行表面處理的支撐劑粒子包括但不限於砂、熱塑性粒子、氧化鋁粒子、玻璃泡粒子、或玻璃珠粒子、及黏土粒子。較佳地，支撐劑材料係砂。本發明之經表面處理支撐劑或經表面處理之無機氧化物粒子具有至少100(高至149微米且包括149微米)之篩目尺寸。
具體而言，本發明經處理之物品係有用於提供增強之表面性質，特別是耐久的撥油性、撥水性、及去污性，同時減少了所使用氟化化合物的量。撥除性質也有各種其他表面效應的效果。
所有溶劑及試劑，除非另有所指，皆購自Sigma-Aldrich,St.Louis,MO，並且係如所供應般直接使用。山梨醇酐三硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐三月桂酸酯、及50：50山梨醇酐三(二十二酸酯)：山梨醇酐三硬脂酸酯掺合物可得自DuPont Nutrition & Health,Copenhagen,Denmark。十油酸十甘油酯可得自Lonza,Allendale,NJ。山梨醇酐三油酸酯可得自Oleon,Ghent,Belgium。
ARMEEN DM-18D係獲自Akzo-Nobel,Bridgewater,NJ。PHOBOL XAN係獲自Huntsman Corp,Salt Lake City,UT。
STEPOSOL SB-W係獲自Stepan,Northfield,Illinois。VMA-70可得自NOF Corporation。
CHEMIDEX S係硬脂胺基丙基二甲胺(stearamidopropyl dimethylamine)界面活性劑，可得自Lubrizol,Wickliffe,Ohio。
ETHAL La-4為乙氧基化乳化劑(ethoxylated emulsifier)，可得自Ethox Chemicals,Greenville,South Carolina。
CAPSTONE 62-MA和ZELAN R3均可得自The Chemours Company,Wilmington,DE。
PLURONIC L-35可得自BASF,Florham Park,New Jersey。
利用以下的試驗來評估本文中的實例。
於本研究中處理的織物係100重量%聚酯織物，可得自L.Michael OY,Finland或係100重量%尼龍織物，可得自Huntsman Corp,Salt Lake City,UT。織物係使用習知的壓染浴(pad bath)(浸漬)程序，以疏水性化合物及表面效應聚合物之水性分散液處理。所製備之濃縮分散液係利用去離子水稀釋，以達到在浴中具有60g/L最終乳膠之壓染浴。針對棉織物的處理，亦將潤濕劑INVADINE PBN及催化交聯劑KNITTEX 7636(全部皆可得自Huntsman,Salt Lake City,UT)分別以5g/L以及30g/L包括在處理浴中。使織物在染浴中壓染，並且將多餘液體藉由壓輥移除。棉基材上的浸吸量(wet pickup)係約95%。「吸濕率(wet pickup)」為以織物之乾重計之施加
至織品之乳劑聚合物及添加劑的浴溶液重量。將織物以大約165℃固化3分鐘，並在處理後使其「靜置(rest)」及固化達至少2小時。
針對聚酯織物的處理，亦將潤濕劑INVADINE® PBN(可得自Huntsman,Charlotte,NC,USA)及60%的醋酸分別以5g/L及1g/L之用量包括在浴中。將織物於浴中壓吸，並以壓輥移除多餘的液體。聚酯基材上的浸吸量係近似55%。「吸濕率(wet pickup)」為基於織物乾重之施加至織物之乳劑聚合物及添加劑的浴溶液重量。將織物以大約160℃固化達2分鐘，並在處理後使其「靜置」及固化達約15至約18小時。
經處理之紡織品基材的撥水性測量係根據AATCC標準測試方法第193號(AATCC standard Test Method No.193)以及Teflon ® 全球技術規範與品質控制測試(Teflon ® Global Specifications and Quality Control Tests)手冊之概述方法。水滴評比越高，成品基材對水性物質造成的汙斑具有越好的抵抗性。
藉由噴灑測試方法進一步進行撥水性測試，該方法係測量動態撥水性。根據AATCC標準測試方法第22號(AATCC standard Test Method No.22)以及Teflon ® 全球技術規範與品質控制測試(Teflon ® Global Specifications and Quality Control Tests)手冊之概述
方法對經處理之織物樣本進行撥水性測試。評比90是指輕微隨機黏著或潤濕，但無穿透；越低值顯示越高程度的潤濕及穿透。
藉由AATCC標準測試方法第118號(AATCC standard Test Method No.118)以及Teflon ® 全球技術規範與品質控制測試(Teflon ® Global Specifications and Quality Control Tests)手冊之概述方法的修正版本對經處理之織物樣本進行撥油性測試。油滴評比越高，成品基材對油性物質造成的汙斑具有越好的抵抗性。
遵循ISO 9865標準測試方法(ISO 9865 standard Test Method)，對經處理之織物樣本進行動態吸水性測試。
該織品樣本係根據用於紡織品測試的國際標準特定家事洗滌程序而洗滌。將織物樣本裝載入水平滾筒(horizontal drum)、前開式(front-loading type)自動洗衣機中(類型A，WASCATOR FOM 71MP-Lab)，其具有壓載負載(ballast load)以提供4 lb的總乾負載(total dry load)。添加商用清潔劑(AATCC 1993 standard Reference Detergent WOB)，並且使用洗衣機程式6N模擬20次家常洗滌(20HW)
或30次家常洗滌(30HW)。洗滌完成後，將整批織物置入一KENMORE自動乾燥機，並且以高乾燥45至50分鐘。
部分氟化聚合物撥斥劑係經由乳化聚合來合成，此係於疏水性化合物(以總單體重量的20重量%)存在下進行。疏水性化合物係列示於表1。將水(260g)、ARMEEN DM 18D(5.09g)、乙酸(3.18g)、TERGITOL TMN-10(2.55g)、二丙二醇(24.17g)、STEPOSOL SB-W(Steposol,1.91g)、硬脂酸(0.013)、及疏水性化合物(26.69g)秤重至燒杯中，然後在60℃下攪拌直到所有組分溶解。將此混合物轉移至塑膠瓶，並將CAPSTONE 62-MA(85.57g)、7-EO甲基丙烯酸酯(1.57g)、VMA-70(43.45g)、甲基丙烯酸羥乙酯(1.62g)、及十二烷基硫醇(0.83g)秤重至瓶中。將混合物用Janke & Kunkel IKA-WERK Ultra Turrax均質機/浸沒摻合器預混合1分鐘，隨後在4350psi下均質化8次(或直到吸光度值<0.25 A.U.)。將經過均質化的材料裝入500mL夾套反應器中，該反應器具備溫度控制器、頂置式攪拌器、及配有氮氣管線的冷凝器。以氮氣吹掃反應混合物20分鐘。當混合物溫度低於30℃時，將VAZO 56(0.40g)加入並在30分鐘內將反應混合物自28℃加熱至55℃。使反應維持在55℃下8小時。使產物通過25mm過濾器過濾並測量固體。以45g/L的氟化丙烯酸加上5g/L INVADINE PBN、1g/L 60%乙酸、及(在一些情況下)
PHOBOL XAN將產物壓染在聚酯上。根據測試方法1至6測試樣本。
依據表1重複實例1至10之程序，但未加入疏水性化合物。
結果指出，疏水性化合物會保持或延長部分氟化共聚物分散液之靜態撥水性能及耐久動態撥水性能，同時展現氟效率。
將山梨醇酐三硬脂酸酯(111g)及4-甲基-2-戊酮(MIBK,274g)添加至配備有頂置式攪拌器、熱電偶、及冷凝器之4頸式圓底燒瓶中。將溶液加熱至80℃。然後藉由在65℃下添加溫水(512g)、CHEMIDEX S(2.4g)、ETHAL LA-4(3.2g)、及醋酸(1.6g)而置備水性分散液。使混合物浸沒摻合(2分鐘)，在6000psi下均質化，將生成的分散液進行減壓蒸餾以移除溶劑，在冷卻和過濾之後，生成含有13.15%固體的不可燃分散液。將生成的分散液與比較例A之氟化丙烯酸以18.31重量%之疏水性化合物：81.69重量%之氟化丙烯酸聚合物的比例摻合，以45g/L的氟化丙烯酸聚合物加上5g/L的INVADINE PBN及1g/L的60%乙酸施加至織物，然後根據以上測試方法進行測試。
重複實例7，並將10g/L的PHOBOL XAN加至壓染浴。
根據表7，以CAPSTONE TC-A、5g/L INVADINE PBN、1g/L 60%乙酸、及10g/L的PHOBOL XAN壓染樣本。根據測試方法1至6測試樣本。
將水(333g)、ARMEEN DM 18D(8.43g)、乙酸(5.27g)、TERGITOL TMN-10(4.22g)、二丙二醇(40.04g)、STEPOSOL SB-W(Stepan,3.16g)、SILTECH TC11-58B(15.61g)、及硬脂酸(0.022)秤重至燒杯中，然後在60℃下攪拌直到所有組分溶解。將此混合物轉移至塑膠瓶，並將CAPSTONE 6,2-FMA(178.11g)、7-EO甲基丙烯酸酯(2.59g)、甲基丙烯酸硬脂酯(29.19)、VMA-70(6.36g)、甲基丙烯酸羥乙酯(2.68g)、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯(0.23g)、及十二烷基硫醇(1.37g)秤重至瓶中。將混合物用Janke & Kunkel IKA-WERK Ultra Turrax均質機/浸沒摻合器預混合1分鐘，隨後在
4350psi下均質化8次(或直到吸光度值<0.25 A.U.)。將經過均質化的材料裝入500mL夾套反應器中，該反應器具備溫度控制器、頂置式攪拌器、及配有氮氣管線的冷凝器。以氮氣吹掃反應混合物20分鐘。當混合物溫度低於30℃時，將VAZO 56(0.66g)加入並在30分鐘內將反應混合物自28℃加熱至55℃。使反應維持在55℃下8小時。使產物通過25mm過濾器過濾並測量固體，然後調整至32%以形成產物I。根據表7，以生成的產物、5g/L INVADINE PBN、1g/L 60%乙酸、及10g/L PHOBOL XAN壓染產物。根據測試方法1至6測試樣本。
將甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯(48g)、十二基硫醇(0.07g)、及山梨醇酐三硬脂酸酯(63.2g)添加至配備有頂置式攪拌器、熱電偶、及冷凝器之4頸式圓底燒瓶中。將溶液加熱至55℃。接著藉由在55℃下加入溫水(290g)、ARMEEN DM 18D(1.35g)、冰醋酸(1.8g)、2%氯化鈉溶液(2.9g)、二丙二醇(18g)、EHAL LA-4(0.2g)、PLURONIC L-35(0.65g)、白礦油(2.25g)、及7-EO甲基丙烯酸酯(13.4g)而製備水性分散液。將混合物攪拌、在6000psi下均質化，並將生成的分散液放回圓底燒瓶。以氮氣吹掃分散液30分鐘，同時加熱至70℃。在加熱同時，將48wt% N-(羥甲基)丙烯醯胺在水(0.5g)中之溶液加入並讓其攪拌30分鐘。將VAZO 56(0.12g)加至反應器然後使反應器維持在70℃下4小時。將額外PLURONIC L-35(1.55g)加
入，將產物冷卻並過濾，然後將固體調整至20%固體以形成疏水性化合物分散液。根據表4，以生成的產物、5g/L INVADINE PBN、1g/L 60%乙酸、及10g/L PHOBOL XAN壓染產物。根據測試方法1至6測試樣本。
部分氟化聚合物撥斥劑係經由乳化聚合來合成，此係於山梨醇酐三硬脂酸酯(以總單體及疏水性化合物重量的0至50重量%)存在下進行。活性疏水性化合物對氟化丙烯酸之比例係列示於表8。
將水(340g)、ARMEEN DM 18D(0.45g)、乙酸(0.28g)、ETHAL LA-4(1.10g)、二丙二醇(17.25g)、STEPOSOL SB-W(Steposol,1.71g)、硬脂酸(0.01)、及山梨醇酐三硬脂酸酯秤重至燒杯中，然後在60℃下攪拌直到所有組分溶解。將此混合物轉移至塑膠瓶，然後將CAPSTONE 62-MA(48.19g)、7-EO甲基丙烯酸酯(8.20g)、SMA(7.90g)、VMA-70(1.72g)、甲基丙烯酸羥乙酯(0.73g)、丙烯酸2-乙基己基甲基酯(22.48g)、及十二烷基硫醇(0.41g)秤重至瓶中。將混合物用Janke & Kunkel IKA-WERK Ultra Turrax均質機/浸沒摻合器預混合1分鐘，隨後在4350psi下均質化(吸光度值<0.25 A.U.)。將經過均質化的材料裝入500mL夾套反應器中，該反應器具備溫度控制器、頂置式攪拌器、及配有氮氣管線的冷凝器。將反應混合物加熱至70℃，同時以氮氣吹掃20分鐘。將乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(0.06g)及N-羥甲基丙烯醯胺(48wt.%在水中，1.36g)加至反應混合物然後攪拌。將VAZO 56(0.24g)加入，並將反應混合物加熱
至78℃並維持8小時。使產物通過25mm過濾器過濾並測量固體。以如同50g/L的6%氟氟化丙烯酸加上5g/L INVADINE PBN、1g/L 60%乙酸、及(在一些情況下)10g/L PHOBOL XAN之裝載量將產物壓染在聚酯上。根據測試方法1至6測試樣本。
根據表8重複實例41之程序，但未加入疏水性化合物。
Claims (16)
- 一種經塗佈物品，其包含在物品之表面上的部分或完整氟化塗層，其中該塗層包含5至99重量%的疏水性化合物、以及1至95重量%的至少一種氟化表面效應劑，以上兩者均基於該塗層之總固體重量且係選自經至少兩個-R1、-C(O)R1、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mR2、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mC(O)R1、或其混合物取代的環狀或非環狀醇；其中該環狀或非環狀糖醇係選自季戊四醇、醣、還原糖、胺醣、檸檬酸、醛醣酸、或醛醣酸內酯；其中各n獨立地係0至20；各m獨立地係0至20；m+n大於0；各R1獨立地係具有5至29個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基；各R2獨立地係-H、具有6至30個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基；且其中，若氟化表面效應劑係氟化丙烯酸共聚物，則該氟化丙烯酸共聚物係包含下列者的單體之反應產物：a)一或多種氟化乙烯系不飽和單體；b)具有極性基團或反應性基團之乙烯系不飽和單體；且c)一或多種選自以下之單體：具有極性基團或反應性基團之第二乙烯系不飽和單體、或非氟化乙烯系不飽和疏水性單體， 其中該疏水性單體c)之均聚物具有45℃之最大玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)及/或25℃之最大熔融轉移溫度(Tm)。
- 如請求項1之經塗佈物品，其中該疏水性化合物係選自式(Ia)、(Ib)、或(Ic)：
- 如請求項2之經塗佈物品，其中該疏水性化合物係選自式(Ia)而為式(Ia’)：
- 如請求項2之經塗佈物品，其中該疏水性化合物係選自式(Ia)而為式(Ia’)：
- 如請求項2之經塗佈物品，其中該疏水性化合物係選自式(Ib)。
- 如請求項1之經塗佈物品，其中該疏水性化合物係經至少三個-R1、-C(O)R1、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mR2、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mC(O)R1、或其混合物取代。
- 如請求項1之經塗佈物品，其中該表面效應係不需熨燙(no iron)、易於熨燙(easy to iron)、收縮率控制(shrinkage control)、防皺(wrinkle free)、免燙(permanent press)、濕度控制(moisture control)、柔軟(softness)、強韌(strength)、防滑(anti-slip)、抗靜電(anti-static)、防鉤傷(anti-snag)、防起毛毬(anti-pill)、抗污性(stain repellency)、去污性(stain release)、撥污性(soil repellency)、去垢(soil release)、撥水性(water repellency)、撥油性(oil repellency)、氣味控制(odor control)、抗菌(antimicrobial)、防曬(sun protection)、抗黏連(anti-blocking)、抗垢力(cleanability)、防塵(dust resistance)、整平(leveling)、抗腐蝕性(corrosion resistance)、抗酸性(acid resistance)、防霧(anti-fog)、防冰(anti-ice)、或上色(tanning)。
- 如請求項1之經塗佈物品，其中該氟化表面效應劑係選自由氟化陽離子性丙烯酸聚合物、氟化陰離子性丙烯酸聚合物、氟化非離子性丙烯酸聚合物、部分氟化胺甲酸酯、及其混合物所組成之群組的疏水性聚合物。
- 如請求項1之經塗佈物品，其中該塗層包含10至90重量%之疏水性化合物、以及10至90重量%之表面效應劑，以上兩者均基於該塗層之總固體重量。
- 如請求項1之經塗佈物品，其中該塗層包含20至80重量%之疏水性化合物、以及20至重量80%之表面效應劑，以上兩者均基於該塗層之總固體重量。
- 如請求項1之經塗佈物品，其中該物品係纖維、紡織品、織物、織物摻合物、紙張、非織物、皮革、支撐劑粒子、無機氧化物粒子、未上釉混凝土、磚塊、瓷磚、花崗岩、石灰石、大理石、水泥漿、砂漿、雕像、紀念碑、玻璃、熱塑性片材、熱成形或模塑物品、發泡片材或物品、金屬、種子、塗漆織物或帆布、或其組合。
- 一種將表面效應賦予給物品之方法，其包含以氟化塗層接觸該物品的表面，以形成部分或完整經塗佈物品，其中該塗層包含5至99重量%的疏水性化合物、以及1至95重量%的至少一種氟化表面效應劑，以上兩者均基於該塗層之總固體重量且係選自經至少兩個-R1、-C(O)R1、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mR2、-(CH2CH2O)n(CH(CH3)CH2O)mC(O)R1、或其混合物取代的環狀或非環狀醇；其中該環狀或非環狀糖醇係選自季戊四醇、醣、還原糖、胺醣、檸檬酸、醛醣酸、或醛醣酸內酯；其中各n獨立地係0至20；各m獨立地係0至20；m+n大於0；各R1獨立地係具有5至29個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基； 各R2獨立地係-H、具有6至30個碳的直鏈或支鏈烷基；且其中，若氟化表面效應劑係氟化丙烯酸共聚物，則該氟化丙烯酸共聚物係包含下列者的單體之反應產物：a)一或多種氟化乙烯系不飽和單體；b)具有極性基團或反應性基團之乙烯系不飽和單體；且c)一或多種選自以下之單體：具有極性基團或反應性基團之第二乙烯系不飽和單體、或非氟化乙烯系不飽和疏水性單體，其中該疏水性單體c)之均聚物具有45℃之最大玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)及/或25℃之最大熔融轉移溫度(Tm)。
- 如請求項12之方法，其中該疏水性化合物係選自式(Ia)、(Ib)、或(Ic)：
- 如請求項12之方法，其進一步包含加熱該部分或完整經塗佈物品的步驟。
- 如請求項12之方法，其進一步包含藉由乾燥、冷卻、或使冷卻而固化該塗層的步驟。
- 如請求項12之方法，其中該接觸步驟係藉由噴灑、滾捲、浸軋、塗漆、噴淋、滴流、粉末塗佈、在該疏水性化合物的液態載劑中混合物品、滾筒抛光、或網板印刷。
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| WO2017059167A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
| KR20180061291A (ko) | 2018-06-07 |
| HK1251603A1 (zh) | 2019-02-01 |
| TWI708818B (zh) | 2020-11-01 |
| JP2018535293A (ja) | 2018-11-29 |
| KR20180061292A (ko) | 2018-06-07 |
| JP6981972B2 (ja) | 2021-12-17 |
| CN108137959A (zh) | 2018-06-08 |
| KR102160006B1 (ko) | 2020-09-25 |
| US20180273774A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
| JP2021191863A (ja) | 2021-12-16 |
| US20180320005A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
| EP3356477A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
| CN108291101A (zh) | 2018-07-17 |
| US20180282571A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
| TW201731983A (zh) | 2017-09-16 |
| JP7065767B2 (ja) | 2022-05-12 |
| JP2018535291A (ja) | 2018-11-29 |
| EP3356476B1 (en) | 2021-09-22 |
| WO2017059165A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
| KR20180059884A (ko) | 2018-06-05 |
| TWI704197B (zh) | 2020-09-11 |
| US11274220B2 (en) | 2022-03-15 |
| EP3356476A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
| JP2019501229A (ja) | 2019-01-17 |
| CN108137961A (zh) | 2018-06-08 |
| US11359099B2 (en) | 2022-06-14 |
| TW201731980A (zh) | 2017-09-16 |
| WO2017059169A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
| EP3356475A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
| KR102158070B1 (ko) | 2020-09-21 |
| EP3356477B1 (en) | 2022-11-09 |
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