TW201603738A - Counter and shoe - Google Patents

Abstract

The objective of the present invention is to provide: a novel counter formed from a laminate body resulting from laminating a plurality of sheets of cloth-like bodies; and a shoe provided with the counter. The objective is achieved by means of a counter (2) having at least the laminate body resulting from a plurality of sheets of cloth-like bodies formed using striated bodies obtained by stretching a thermoplastic resin being laminated, a portion of the striated bodies being heated/compressed in a manner so as to melt, and a shoe (1) having the counter (2) at the heel section thereof. Preferably, tanned leather is adhered or sewn to one or both surfaces of the laminate body.

Description

Back sills and shoes

The present invention relates to a sturdy protective sheet and a shoe, and more particularly to a novel sturdy protective sheet formed by laminating a plurality of woven fabrics and having the sturdy protective sheet Shoes.

In general, a shoe has a back shackle (also referred to as a back sill) in a state of being sandwiched between the outer skin and the endothelium, and serves as a core material for reinforcing the crotch portion. The sturdy protective sheet is an impregnated paper obtained by impregnating a raw paper made of wood pulp into a resin, which is called a vegetable tanned leather (NUME leather), which is made of a cow's skin. It is widely used in the past, synthetic resin, or impregnating cloth with paste. Then, in order to improve the appearance of the crotch portion and to fit the leg portion, the posterior iliac crest is preferably plant tanning.

On the other hand, as a sturdy sheeting material other than physico-tanned leather, there is known a technique in which an impregnated paper is adhered to a single side of a raw leather made of enamel (Patent Document 1). A thermosetting adhesive having a different water content rate is applied to the surface and the inner surface of the core material for a shoe such as a sac. 2) A non-woven chemical sheet in which a stretched protective sheet is sandwiched between thermosetting materials and used as a sandwich, is used on the inner surface of the outer skin portion, and is heated by the side of the crucible member including the back elastic sheet to be thermally hardened. The enamel sheet is thermally hardened to form a crotch portion (Patent Document 3).

In the past, the plant tanned leather has a lack of elasticity, heat, stench, collapse when it is stepped on the crotch, and it is difficult to restore the original shape. The line of the crotch is easily changed by heat, and the oil immersed in the tanning of the plant will ooze out. Disadvantages such as the inner surface of dirty shoes. On the other hand, in the case of using a thermosetting resin as in Patent Documents 2 and 3, the squeegee sheet after heat curing is completely fixed, and even when it is formed into a foot shape, when walking In addition, the feeling of fit of the foot is inferior compared to the case of using the tanning of the plant.

Prior technical literature Patent literature

Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei 5-237006

Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 6-141907

Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-93107

As a result of various reviews of the material of the protective sheet after the use of the last, the present inventors focused on the use of a cloth body formed of a linear body obtained by using a thermoplastic resin, and laminated a plurality of sheets. The layered body formed by heating and compressing a part of the above-mentioned line body is melted.

The above-mentioned laminated body is called Self Reinforced Plastics (SRP), and the subsequent component and the reinforcing fiber are Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) formed of the same resin component. Here, the same resin component means a resin composed of a component equivalent to polyolefin, polyamide or polyester.

As a result of intensive research on the new use of the laminate of the self-reinforced polymer composite material, the present inventors have found that the element of the shoe can be formed by the laminate after the sheet is formed. After that, the excellent effects that can not be obtained by the protective sheet are particularly suitable for use as a part of the shoes used for sports such as football, rugby, baseball, track and field, or for sports such as running and walking. Finally, the novel invention is completed.

That is, the present invention has a problem of providing a novel sturdy protective sheet formed by laminating a plurality of sheets of cloth and a shoe having the sill.

Other problems of the present invention will be apparent from the following description.

The above problems are solved by the following inventions.

A sturdy protective sheet characterized by having at least a cloth body formed by using a linear body obtained by extending a thermoplastic resin A plurality of sheets are laminated, and a part of the line body is melted and melted to form a laminate.

2. The gusseting sheet according to the above 1, wherein the lining is formed on one side of the laminated body by tandem or stitching the leather.

3. The gusseting sheet according to the above 1, wherein the gusset is formed on the both sides of the laminated body by tandem or stitching the leather.

4. The protective sheet according to the above 1, 2 or 3, wherein the thickness of the laminated body is 0.5 to 2.5 mm.

A shoe characterized in that the crotch portion has a post-protecting sheet as described in any one of the above 1 to 4.

A shoe comprising a gusset according to any one of the above 1, 2, or 4, wherein the slab is provided to be exposed on a surface of the shoe.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a novel sill sheet formed by laminating a plurality of sheets of cloth, and a shoe provided with the gusset sheet.

1‧‧‧ shoes

2‧‧‧踵踵片

21‧‧‧Small cloth

22‧‧‧Layered tablets

23‧‧‧鞣made leather

24‧‧‧ Ribs

3‧‧‧Layer

4‧‧‧Lines

4A‧‧‧ warp

4B‧‧‧Weiss

6‧‧‧ 皮皮

7‧‧‧Endothelial

8‧‧‧ upper part of the shoe

9‧‧‧Shoe bottom

91‧‧‧ insole

92‧‧‧ midsole

93‧‧‧ outsole

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a shoe using a gusset sheet according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front elevational view showing a laminated body forming a rear gusset.

Fig. 3 is a view showing a state in which the right foot of the shoe is worn on the side of the ankle.

Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of the upper portion of the shoe.

Fig. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the shoe shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a front elevational view showing another embodiment of the protective sheet after the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing an embodiment in which a laminated body of the present invention and tanned leather are laminated.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing still another embodiment of the protective sheet after the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing an example of a protective sheet of the present invention which is integrally formed with the midsole.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described using the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a shoe using a gusset sheet according to the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a front view showing a laminated body forming a gusset sheet.

In Fig. 1, 1 is a shoe, and 2 is a sill guard provided on the crotch portion of the shoe 1. Here, an example in which the sill guard 2 is applied to the crotch portion of the sports shoe is shown.

The shackle 2 of the present invention has at least a cloth-like body formed by using a linear body obtained by extending a thermoplastic resin, and laminating a plurality of sheets, and heating and compressing them to melt a part of the linear body. The cloth-like body is integrated to form a sheet-like laminated body 3 .

The laminate 3 is a fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) which is referred to as a self-reinforced polymer composite (SRP) as described above. The inventors of the present invention have reviewed the shackle 2 formed by using the laminated body 3, and found that the effect of holding the ankle can be improved, and the stability of the ankle is improved when the violent movement is accompanied by athletic competition.

That is to say, in general, the ankle is often moved inside the shoe when it is stepping on or landing. For example, FIG. 3 is a view showing a state in which the right foot of the shoe 1 is placed on the ground from the side of the ankle. The crotch in the moment of the ground is in a state of being slightly inverted to the outside as shown by the solid line. However, when the weight is applied to the foot of the ground, it is generated as shown by the broken line in order to cushion the ground. The deformation of the crotch while being slightly inverted to the inside is called the phenomenon of Pronation. The general shackle protector is designed to maintain the shape of the crotch portion of the shoe, and is relatively rigid. Therefore, it is difficult to follow the movement of the ankle as described above to deform. Therefore, the shoe is likely to collide with the crotch portion to cause a shoe scratch, and the fit of the crotch portion having the action is not good, and there is a problem in that the ankle is maintained to improve the stability.

On the other hand, since the gusset protective sheet 2 having the laminated body 3 has moderate rigidity as the gusset protective sheet 2, it has an appropriate elasticity, and therefore, when the ankle is tilted during landing, Follow this action and easily deform elastically. Therefore, regardless of what kind of movement the ankle shows in the shoe 1, the movement of the crotch can be surely maintained, and the fit with the crotch can be improved to improve the stability of the ankle. In addition, the crotch portion of the shoe 1 does not exert excessive force on the ankle, so it is not easy to cause shoe scratches.

The gusset protective sheet 2 having the laminated body 3 has a property of not only being easily deformed but also having a high recovery speed (high recovery elasticity) when returning from the deformed state to the original state. In other words, the shackle 2 is elastically deformed following the movement of the ankle, and is quickly restored to its original shape. At this time, the operation of returning the ankle to the original state in the shoe 1 is supplemented by the high recovery elasticity of the sill guard 2 . Therefore, even if the ankle is deformed inward due to the inversion of the ground, the rest of the ankle guard 2 can be quickly restored to the original state. In this way, the movement can be quickly moved to the next step after landing, which can become a more agile movement.

Further, since the back cover 2 is excellent in the fit to the ankle by the moderate elasticity inherent to the laminated body 3, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of an excessive gap between the ankle and the shoe opening of the shoe 1. Further, since the shackle 2 is easy to follow the movement of the ankle, it is possible to suppress the intrusion of sand or the like from the ankle and the shoe opening of the shoe 1 to the inside. Of course, the shape retention of the crotch portion of the original shoe 1 can be maintained by the rigidity of the laminated body 3 itself.

Since the laminated body 3 is formed of a thermoplastic resin, the rear gusset sheet 2 having the laminated body 3 can be easily deformed by heating by, for example, a hair dryer. For example, the sill guard 2 is heated in a state in which the shoe 1 is worn, whereby the crotch portion of the shoe 1 is freely shaped in conformity with the shape of the user's ankle, and the shoe 1 can be customized. Further improve the sense of fit and use.

In addition, since the laminated body 3 is extended by the thermoplastic tree Since the linings 2 of the laminated body 3 are provided, it is difficult to cause cracking, bending, and the like, and the bending property is excellent, and the durability is high. Therefore, there is no case where it is difficult to return to the original state after it has collapsed after stepping on the crotch like a shackle formed by a plant tanning.

The shoe 1 shown in the present embodiment is a squeegee 2 which is cut out from the laminated body 3 in a substantially half-moon shape, and is sandwiched between the outer skin 6 corresponding to the crotch portion of the shoe 1 and the endothelium 7 as shown in FIG. Sewing is performed, thereby forming the upper portion 8 of the shoe having the breech protector 2.

The outer skin 6 is a medium window shape. Thereby, the sill guard 2 is designed to expose the laminated body 3 to the surface of the shoe 1. This is not only to enhance the design of the appearance of the shoe 1, and as described above, the back cover 2 can be directly attached to the laminated body 3 exposed on the surface by the heat of a hair dryer or the like. Since the hot air is heated, it is preferable to perform the forming operation easily and efficiently.

However, it is needless to say that the shackle 2 can be placed inside the outer skin without being exposed to the surface, similarly to the conventional shackle. Further, although the shackle 2 is provided on the shoe 1 by sewing, it is of course not limited to the following structure.

The shoe upper portion 8 provided with the shackle 2 in the crotch portion is attached to the sole 9 of the insole 91, the midsole 92, the outsole 93, and the like, as shown in Fig. 5, and the shoes are finished. 1.

Next, the laminated body 3 which forms the back gusset 2 is described in detail.

The laminated body 3, as shown in Figure 2, will use extended heat. The cloth-like body formed by the linear body 4 obtained by the plastic resin is laminated in a plurality of sheets, and is heated and compressed to melt a part of the linear body 4, whereby the respective cloth-like bodies are integrated and formed into a single sheet shape. After heating and compressing, the laminate of the cloth-like body may be heated, and then the laminate of the heated cloth-like body may be compressed, or the laminate of the cloth-like body may be simultaneously heated and compressed.

Further, when a part of the linear body 4 is melted, for example, when the linear body 4 is a layer structure having a base layer and a surface layer having a lower melting point than the base layer, the base layer having a high melting point resin component is not melted and has a low melting point. The temperature at which the surface layer of the resin component is melted is heated. In addition, the linear body 4 is a structure in which a high melting point resin component has a low melting point resin component in a high melting point resin component, and a high melting point resin component does not melt and the low melting point resin component of the seawater structure melts. To heat it. Thereby, the high-melting point resin component of the linear body 4 becomes a reinforcing fiber, and the low-melting point resin component becomes a bonding component, and has a high bending elastic modulus, and is excellent in impact resistance, and the adjacent cloth-like bodies are firmly adhered to each other. The layered body 3.

As the thermoplastic resin constituting the linear body 4, a resin having a large stretching effect is used, and a crystalline resin is generally used. Specific examples thereof include olefin-based polymers such as high-density polyethylene, high-pressure low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, and ethylene/propylene block copolymer. Others may be used: polyethylene terephthalate, polyester such as polybutylene terephthalate, nylon 6, nylon 66 or the like. Among them, in terms of workability, economy, and even a small specific gravity, an olefin-based polymer such as high-density polyethylene, high-pressure low-density polyethylene, or polypropylene is preferable.

Further, the shape of the line body 4 may be any one as long as it can form a cloth-like body. For example, a belt, a yarn, a split yarn, a monofilament, a multifilament or the like can be used. The line body 4 is creped as necessary. Among them, a flat line body such as a belt or a yarn is preferable, and a flat yarn of a belt line body is preferable.

The thickness of the line body 4 can be arbitrarily selected depending on the purpose, and in general, it is desirable to be in the range of 50 to 10000 dtex (dt).

The cloth-like body formed by the linear body 4 is generally a woven fabric in which the linear body 4 is woven into the warp yarn 4A and the weft yarn 4B as shown in Fig. 2 . The weaving method of weaving may be, for example, plain weave, woven weave, twill weave, acre weave, double weave, and the like.

In addition, a plurality of linear bodies 4 may be arranged side by side in the same direction, and a plurality of linear bodies 4 may be arranged side by side at an arbitrary angular direction from above, and an adhesive such as a hot melt may be used, or by thermal fusion. The intersection of the intersections is a combination of sofu. Further, a plurality of linear bodies 4 may be arranged side by side in the same direction, and a plurality of linear bodies 4 may be arranged side by side in an arbitrary angular direction, and the multiaxial fiber base materials may be connected by stitches. Further, the cloth body may be a knitted fabric formed by the line body 4.

The number of laminated sheets of the cloth-like body is set to be two or more as appropriate in order to obtain the desired thickness and rigidity. In this case, the respective cloth-like bodies of the laminated layer are not limited to the same, and the cloth-like bodies having different types, widths, thicknesses, stretching ratios, knitting densities, knitting methods, and the like of the line bodies 4 may be laminated.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, when the laminated body 3 is formed, different cloth shapes such as the type, width, thickness, stretching ratio, knitting density, and knitting method of the same cloth or the linear body 4 may be used. The body is formed to partially laminate the small cloth body 21 having a size smaller than that of the sill guard piece 2, and a rear sill guard piece 2 having a partially different strength or rigidity is obtained.

The thickness of the laminated body 3 is preferably 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm. When it is thinner than 0.5 mm, when it is used alone to form the sill sheet 2, it is difficult to obtain the strength as the sill sheet 2. Further, when it exceeds 2.5 mm, the rigidity of the sill sheet 2 is too high, and it is difficult to obtain the advantage that the laminated body 3 is used for the sill sheet 2 .

The sill guard 2 is cut from the laminated body 3 into a desired shape. Further, the cloth-like body may be formed into a desired shape of the back sheet, and then the plurality of cloth-shaped volume layers may be formed by heating and compression to obtain the back sheet 2 . The shackle 2 obtained by the above is curved and shaped along the shape of the crotch portion of the shoe 1 as necessary.

Since the above-mentioned laminated body 3 is made of a thermoplastic resin, the specific gravity is low and light, and the mechanical strength is also high. Therefore, a light and high strength sill guard 2 can be obtained. Because it is lighter, it can contribute to the weight reduction of the shoe 1.

In addition, since the laminated body 3 is formed by the linear body 4 obtained by extending the thermoplastic resin, the backing protective sheet 2 of the laminated body 3 is less likely to be broken or bent, and the bending property is excellent. Has high durability. Therefore, there is no such thing as a plant tanned leather that collapses after stepping on the crotch and is difficult to return to its original state.

That is, according to ASTM D 1052, the laminated body 3 was cut into a test piece having a thickness of 1.2 mm, a width of 25 mm, and a length of 152 mm, and was mounted on a testing machine by a 90-degree bending method using a Rose type testing machine, and 50,000 repeated tests were performed. It was confirmed whether there was any damage and the result was not damaged. In this way, the laminated body 3 has extremely high durability against bending.

Next, the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 will be described in detail.

In the embodiment described above, the gusseting sheet 2 is formed only by the laminated body 3. However, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the gusseting sheet 2 is formed by the laminated body 3 and the tanned leather 23. In other words, the backing sheet 2 is formed by cutting the laminated body 3 into a predetermined shape to form a laminated body sheet 22, and the laminated body sheet 22 is laminated to have a predetermined twisting process and cut into a predetermined shape. Made of leather 23.

At this time, the total thickness of the sill guard 2 is preferably 5 mm or less (the total thickness of the tanned leather 23 is 2.5 mm or less). This is because if the total thickness of the shackle 2 exceeds 5 mm, the rigidity of the gusset 2 is generally too high, and the advantage of using the laminated body 3 is reduced.

The sill guard 2 shown in Fig. 7 shows an example in which the leather 23 is made of a single layer of the laminated body sheet 22. In the case where the leather 23 is made of a single-layer layer of the laminated body sheet 22 as described above, the tanned leather 23 is disposed on the inner side (the ankle side) of the back protective sheet 2, and the laminated body sheet 22 is preferably disposed on the outer side. This is because the tanned leather 23 has a function of absorbing moisture such as water vapor coming out from the surface of the foot and fitting the foot.

Further, although not shown, the laminated body sheet 22 may be sandwiched between the center sheets, and the leather 23 may be made of two layers to form the back sheet 2 . by In this case, regardless of which side is the surface of the tanned leather 23, it is not necessary to select the direction of the inner side, and the back shackle 2 having the function of the foot of the tanned leather 23 as described above is formed. Curved shape.

Further, in the production of the protective sheet 2 after the laminated tanned leather 23, the laminated body sheet 22 and the tanned leather 23 are subjected to a suitable adhesive such as a rubber-based, epoxy-based or hot-melt adhesive. In addition, the sill guard 2 may be formed by sewing. Further, in the embodiment of Fig. 7, the laminated body sheet 22 cut into a predetermined shape and the tanned leather 23 are used, but of course, they may be cut into a predetermined shape after being attached or sewn.

The back shackle 2 described above is exemplified as being formed in a substantially half-moon shape, but the shape of the sill guard 2 can be appropriately changed by the relationship with the crotch portion of the shoe to be used. For example, as shown in Fig. 8, ribs 24 may be provided on the bottom side of the shoe. The rib 24 exerts an effect of maintaining a predetermined curved shape of the shackle 2, and functions as a joint portion of a midsole or an outsole.

Further, the sill guard 2 may be integrally formed with the midsole 92 as shown in FIG. In this case, the midsole 92 and the back shackle 2 can be integrally cut from the sheet-like laminated body 3, and then the gusset sheet 2 can be formed by press forming or the like, or can be formed into a sheet shape. The laminated body 3 presses and forms the integral body of the midsole 92 and the sill guard 2, and then cuts it.

Example

Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited by the examples.

(Example 1)

Polypropylene (MFR = 0.4 g/10 min, weight average molecular weight Mw = 630,000, peak dissolution temperature 164 ° C) was used as a high melting point resin component, and a propylene-ethylene random copolymer (MFR = 7.0 g/10 min, weight was used. The average molecular weight Mw=220,000 and the peak melting temperature of 125° C.) As a low melting point resin component, a three-layer film (layer having a low melting point resin component as a two outer layer and a high melting point resin component as an intermediate layer was obtained by a blow molding method. The thickness ratio is 1/8/1).

The high-melting point resin component (polypropylene) and the low-melting point resin component (propylene-ethylene random copolymer) are both polyolefins and are the same resin component.

The obtained film was slit with a razor. After cutting and stretching 7 times on a hot plate having a temperature of 110 to 120 ° C, a 10% relaxation heat treatment was performed in a hot air circulating oven at a temperature of 145 ° C to obtain a flat yarn having a total surface of 4.5 mm and a fineness of 1,700 dt.

The obtained flat yarn was woven by a Sulzer weaving machine with a warp yarn of 15/25.4 mm and a weft yarn of 15/25.4 mm to obtain a cloth-like body.

On the other hand, a propylene-ethylene random copolymer (MFR = 7.0 g/10 min, a weight average molecular weight Mw = 220,000, a dissolution peak temperature of 125 ° C) as a low melting point resin component, and a high melting point resin were obtained. Divided polypropylene (MFR = 1.9 g/10 min, weight average molecular weight Mw = 500,000, peak dissolution temperature 161 ° C), and the weight ratio became a low melting point resin component: high melting point resin component = 80:20 for mixing And the film for subsequent use is obtained by a blow molding method.

4 pieces of the obtained cloth-like body and 3 pieces of the obtained film for subsequent use to form a cloth-like body/subsequent film/cloth-like body/subsequent film/cloth-like body/subsequent film/cloth-like body The modes are alternately layered to obtain a staggered laminate.

The obtained cross-stacked laminate was subjected to hot stamping at a press temperature of 145 ° C and a pressure of 5 MPa for 2 minutes by a hydraulic press, and then subjected to a cold press for 2 minutes at a press temperature of 25 ° C and a pressure of 5 MPa by a hydraulic press. And get a layered body.

On one side of the obtained laminate, a PET spunlace nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 30 g/m ² and an EMA (ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer) film having a thickness of 30 μm were used in the order of the laminate/EMA film/nonwoven fabric. The laminate was laminated and pressed by a hydraulic press at a pressing temperature of 125 ° C and a pressure of 0.5 MPa for 1 minute, and then pressed by a hydraulic press at a pressing temperature of 25 ° C and a pressure of 0.5 MPa for 1 minute to obtain a thickness of 1.0 mm. Laminate sheet.

The obtained laminated body sheet was cut into the shape of the back sheet, and then heated to 130 ° C, and formed into a shape by press forming with an aluminum mold to obtain a laminated body and a sheet (1).

(Comparative Example 1)

The impregnated paper having a thickness of 1 mm was cut into the shape of the back crepe sheet to obtain a sable sheet (2).

<Evaluation method>

Using the breech sheet obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, a 26.5 cm five-a-side soccer shoe was produced, and the effect of agility was evaluated based on the following evaluation method.

The tester was put on the shoe, and the Kistler force plate 9281B was used to measure the ground reaction force Fx from the state in which the foot was lifted to the left and right direction when the first step taken for advancement hit the ground. From the maximum value of the Fx value (when the ankle is turned to the outside) to the minimum value of the Fx value (when the ankle is inverted to the inside), it is regarded as a Pronation operation.

Each tester was put on various five-a-side football shoes and tested five times to find the average of the respective Pronation action times. The results are shown in Table 1. Moreover, the height and weight of the tester are also shown in Table 1.

<evaluation>

According to Table 1, the laminate of the first embodiment was used. In the case of the shoe, compared with the case of using the shoe of the shackle (2) after the comparative example 1, the internal rotation time can be shortened, and the movement can be quickly moved to the next step after the landing, which is also called To improve agility.

1‧‧‧ shoes

2‧‧‧踵踵片

6‧‧‧ 皮皮

Claims (6)

A back gusseting sheet characterized by comprising at least a cloth-like body formed by using a linear body obtained by extending a thermoplastic resin, and laminating a plurality of sheets to melt and compress a part of the linear body. . A protective sheet according to claim 1, wherein the one side of the laminated body is formed by pressing or sewing the leather. The protective sheet is formed as described in claim 1, wherein the double-sided layer is formed on the both sides of the laminated body by tandem or stitching the leather. The protective sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness of the laminated body is 0.5 to 2.5 mm. A shoe characterized in that the crotch portion has a protective sheet as described in any one of claims 1 to 4. A shoe having a gusset portion as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2, and 4, wherein the shoe is disposed to be exposed on a surface of the shoe.