TW201503900A - 增強治療急性中風之抗血小板藥物之遞送方法及其組合物 - Google Patents
增強治療急性中風之抗血小板藥物之遞送方法及其組合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係提供一種增強治療急性中風之抗血小板藥物之遞送方法,包含低劑量之抗血小板藥物及一可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體的組合物遞送,使得該低劑量抗血小板藥物能於一段有效時間達成治療急性中風之功效,本發明藉由將抗血小板藥物和一可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體結合使藥物可以緩慢地釋放至治療部位,能有效降低給予大劑量抗血小板藥物時所造成的血壓降低等副作用之產生。本發明亦提供一種增強治療急性中風之醫藥組合物。
Description
本發明係提供一種醫藥組合物之遞送方法,特別係一種能增強治療急性中風之醫藥組合物之遞送方法。
腦血管疾病(cerebrovascular disease)為全世界十大死因之一,同時也造成存活者殘障的主要原因,而這些急性或慢性腦血管疾病的患者之醫療照顧也成為國家社會的一大負擔,急性中風的症狀包含有突發性暈眩、噁心、嘔吐、平衡失調、走路不穩、突然劇烈頭痛、頸部不適或暫時性失去知覺,係為中風急性期(即中風初期或一周內)。依研究顯示,積極地治療腦中風不旦可減少死亡率,並能改善存活者的失能程度,因此,美國國家中風學會(National Stroke Association)的暫時性腦缺血治療準則,建議使用抗血小板藥物來預防非心因性暫時性腦缺血之後續發作的二次中風,主要的藥物有阿斯匹靈(Aspirin)、舒酸寧(Clopidogrel)、待匹力達(Dipyridamole)、梯可比定(Ticlopidine)及健立達錠(Cilostazol)等等。
目前,台灣核准治療急性缺血性腦中風之適應症之藥物為重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑(recombinant-type plasminogen activator,rt-PA),此為急性發作的三個小時用藥,但此藥的禁忌繁多,因為rt-PA具有時間的依賴性與會使患者發生高度出血之風險,必須僅慎地篩選病人,因此,在臨床實務中,僅約3%急性中風患者到院時符合使用rt-PA藥物之治療方針而給予rt-PA,但仍無法避免高度出血而造成死亡之風險。
有關預防中風復發的抗血小板藥物,過去已知單獨使用Clopidogrel在預防非心因性暫時性腦缺血後發生的中風上可能較Aspirin稍佳;對於非心因性暫時性缺血性中風病患亦顯示合併使用Aspirin和長效Dipyridamole比單獨使用Aspirin或單獨使用Dipyridamole更為有效。研究
顯示雖然Aspirin加上長效Dipyridamole複方比Clopidogrel有較多的出血事件及較高的顱內出血機率,但在整體之風險與效益評估,Aspirin加上長效Dipyridamole複方與Clopidogrel在中風復發或出血事件上是相似的。
而預防二次中風的用藥之抗血小板藥物Dipyridamole在活體外(in vitro)及活體內(in vivo)的研究顯示,Dipyridamole可抑制紅血球、血小板及內皮細胞對腺核苷(adenosine)的再攝取,此種作用使得局部作用於血小板A2受體(platelet A2-receptor)之腺核苷的濃度增加,刺激血小板之腺核環狀(platelet adenylate cyclase),導致血小板環狀腺嘌呤核單磷酸(cAMP)的濃度增加。Dipyridamole亦可抑制血小板中的磷酸二酯酶(phosphodiesterase),造成血小板中cAMP與環狀鳥苷核單磷酸(cGMP)濃度增加,進一步抑制血小板致活因子(platelet activating factor)、膠原(collagen)、腺嘌呤核苷二磷酸(ADP)等所引起的血小板凝集作用。此外,腺核苷具有血管擴張的作用,此亦為Dipyridamole產生血管擴張作用的機制之一,且已證實靜脈注射100mg/kg Dipyridamole對於老鼠中風梗塞面積的降低具有良好功效,但同時也發現靜脈注射100mg/kg的Dipyridamole會引起低血壓狀態而使老鼠在中風模式中增加死亡率。雖然Dipyridamole在動物模式上具有治療急性中風的潛力,但需要極高劑量(80mg/kg-200mg/kg),但由於Dipyridamole之血管擴張作用,可能會造成低血壓、熱潮紅與心搏加速之副作用,如此高劑量便會引發Dipyridamole之副作用產生,特別是低血壓的狀態,會造成中風急性期(即中風初期或一周內)的死亡率增加。
有鑑於此,本發明係提供一種增強治療急性中風之抗血小板藥物之遞送方法,包含把含有一有效劑量之(a)低劑量之抗血小板藥物以及(b)一可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體的組合物遞送,使得該低劑量抗血小板藥物能於一段有效時間達成治療急性中風之功效,其中該組合物之有效劑量係為10毫克/公斤至20毫克/公斤,該抗血小板藥物係為一磷酸二酯酶(Phosphodiesterase)抑制劑,且該可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體係為一高分子載體或一微脂體,且該低劑量之抗血小板藥物與該可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體形成奈米微粒,該高分子載體係由聚乳酸乙醇酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸
乙醇酸(PLGA-PEG-PLGA)形成。
在本發明之一實施例中,其中該抗血小板藥物係為待匹力達(Dipyridamole)。
在本發明之一實施例中,其中該組合物進一步包含一血栓溶解劑,且該血栓溶解劑係為重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑(recombinant-type plasminogen activator,rt-PA)。
本發明另提供一種增強治療急性中風之醫藥組合物,包含(a)低劑量之抗血小板藥物以及(b)一可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體,其中該醫藥組合物之有效劑量係為10毫克/公斤至20毫克/公斤,且該可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體係為一高分子載體或一微脂體,該抗血小板藥物係為一磷酸二酯酶抑制劑,且該高分子載體係為聚乳酸乙醇酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸乙醇酸(PLGA-PEG-PLGA),該抗血小板藥物與該高分子載體之重量比係為1:5至1:15。
在本發明又一實施例中,其中該抗血小板藥物係為待匹力達(Dipyridamole)。
在本發明再一實施例中,其中該醫藥組合物進一步包含重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑(rt-PA)。
本發明係提供有效增強治療急性中風之醫藥組合物,其係以一可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體及一抗血小板藥物形成之抗血小板藥物奈米粒子進行傳輸,進而達到該抗血小板藥物控制釋放的目的,可避免為減少大腦中風梗塞面積而給予較高劑量抗血小板藥物,因而引起低血壓之副作用。本發明能大幅減少抗血小板藥物的使用劑量,且藥物濃度能保持在穩定範圍內,讓抗血小板藥物發揮治療急性中風之高度療效。
第一圖係為聚乳酸乙醇酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸乙醇酸((poly(lacitide-co-glycolide))-(ethylene glycol)-(poly(lacitide-co-glycolide),PLGA-PEG-PLGA,PEP)高分子進行核磁共振光譜分析結果。
第二圖係為PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子進行傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀分析結果。
第三圖係為本發明PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子與Dipyridamile所形成之奈米粒子進行X雷射粒徑分析儀分析數據圖。
第四圖係為小鼠大腦中動脈梗塞模型後以三組藥物試驗治療7天後之神經行為測試結果(*P<0.05 **P<0.01);第一組係為100μL PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子載體控制組(vehicle Control)、第二組係為10mg/kg(2mg/mL)重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑(recombinant-type plasminogen activator,rt-PA)及第三組係為10mg/kg(2mg/mL)本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子。
第五圖係為小鼠大腦中動脈梗塞模型後以三組藥物試驗治療15天後之神經行為測試結果(*P<0.05 **P<0.01);第一組係為100μL PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子載體控制組(vehicle Control)、第二組係為10mg/kg(2mg/mL)重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑(recombinant-type plasminogen activator,rt-PA)及第三組係為10mg/kg(2mg/mL)本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子。
第六圖係為小鼠大腦中動脈梗塞模型後以三組藥物試驗治療15天後之腦組織尼氏染色法結果;a.為第一組PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子載體控制組之腦組織尼氏染色法結果;b.為第二組10mg/kg(2mg/mL)重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑之腦組織尼氏染色法結果;c.為第三組本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子之腦組織尼氏染色法結果。
第七圖係為小鼠大腦中動脈梗塞模型後以三組藥物試驗治療15天後之腦栓塞體積百分比:第一組PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子載體控制組;第二組10mg/kg(2mg/mL)重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑;第三組係為10mg/kg(2mg/mL)本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子;第四組係為20mg/kg本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子;第五組10mg/kg本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子與重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑(rt-PA)結合之組合物。
本發明提供一種有效增強治療急性中風之醫藥組合物,其係利用抗血小板藥物與可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體所形成之抗血小板藥物
奈米粒子,藉由控制藥物釋放而達到增加藥效、減少藥物毒性及副作用、增加病患對藥物的耐受度、及增加便利性之目的。控制藥物釋放則是利用高分子載體包覆或吸收藥物,在藥物給予人體時不會被人體內之消化液破壞,達到投藥部位時可緩慢釋放,並且可控制藥物釋放比例。此外,本發明之可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體可使用之聚乳酸乙醇酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸乙醇酸((poly(lacitide-co-glycolide))-(ethylene glycol)-(poly(lacitide-co-glycolide),PLGA-PEG-PLGA)高分子載體係為生物可降解性及非毒性。
相較於傳統賦型劑,一般生物可降解高分子就來源不同可分為天然高分子與人工合成高分子,天然生物可降解高分子來源取得不易,因此人工合成可降解高分子逐漸被開發。人工合成的生物可降解高分子可分成聚醯胺(poly(amides))、聚氨基酸(poly(amino acids))、聚氰基丙烯酸烷基酯(poly(alkyl-α-cyano acrylates))、聚酯(poly(esters))、聚原酸酯(poly(orthoesters))、聚氨基甲酸乙酯(poly(urethanes))和聚丙烯醯胺(poly(acrylamides)),其中因為聚酯類高分子(Polyesters)具有良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性和低毒性,常被用來做為組織細胞支架或是藥物載體;其中聚乳酸(polylacitidel,PLA)、聚乙醇酸(polyglycolide,PGA)及其共聚物(poly(lacitide-co-glycolide),PLGA)已被美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)認可,能於體內使用的合成聚合物。PLA和PGA具有類似化學結構,當PGA主鏈上的氫原子被甲基取代,即為PLA。PLA具有兩種立體異構物,分別為L型和D型,依聚合單體不同,可分為L型-聚乳酸(Poly-L-Lactic Acid,PLLA)、D型-聚乳酸(Poly-D-Lactic Acid,PDLA)和D,L-聚乳酸(Poly-DL-Lactic Acid,PDLLA),前兩者具有高規律性的聚合物鏈段,為半結晶性(semi-crystalline)的聚合物,後者則因為聚合物鏈段結構不規則,為無定型(amorphous)的聚合物。生物體內之乳酸為L型,故生物醫學應用上,多半為PLLA與PDLLA;而PLGA則是將PGA鏈段導入PLA中,而成為PLA和PGA之共聚物。PLA、PGA及PLGA於生物體內水解之產物為乳酸(lactide acid)和乙醇酸(glycolide acid),水解產物再經由克氏循環(Krebs cycle)代謝成二氧化碳和水分子後排出體外。因此PLA、PGA及PLGA之裂解產物最終將被生物體代謝或排泄作用除去,無毒性殘留之疑慮。
PLGA雖具有良好的生物可降解性和生物相容性,但此種材料的疏水性限制其應用於藥物載體之發展;而乙二醇單體能聚合成聚乙二醇Poly(ethylene glycol,PEG)無毒性、無免疫原性、無抗原性、親水性佳且生物可相容性,其為良好且常見的生醫材料。因此,本發明PLGA與PEG,使其成為PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子複合材料,利用PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子當載體時具有的特性,改善藥物釋放行為。
此外,本發明之可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體可使用微脂體(Liposome),其係由磷脂雙層所構成,中間包覆水溶液的球狀粒子。微脂體的膜由磷脂質構成,脂質具有親脂端與親水端,利用親水性的部份,微脂體可與水相互作用自行組裝(self-assemble)形成膠體粒子(colloidal particles)。微脂體之橫截面,親水性的頭部朝向具有水的空腔,親脂性尾端則遠離,形成雙層膜的構造。微脂體獨特的構造,可同時做為親水性與疏水性藥物的載體。其具有生物相容性(biocompatibility)、生物可分解性(biodegradability)且安全無毒,其應用範圍從藥物和基因傳送(gene delivery)到診斷、化妝品和食品工業。
於本文中使用之抗血小板藥物一詞,係表示會抑制血小板功能之藥劑,例如藉由抑制血小板之凝集、黏連或粒狀分泌。抗血小板藥物包括磷酸二酯酶(Phosphodiesterase)抑制劑,及其藥學上可接受之鹽或前體藥物。Dipyridamole有分成立即釋放型(低劑量25或75毫克)和緩釋型(高劑量200毫克),由於低劑量的生物可利用率低,血液中濃度低,無法達到有效抑制血小板效果,所以,其實效果不佳,高劑量緩釋型大多數是合併低劑量aspirin使用,主要是使用在腦中風次級預防上。
1.1 合成聚乳酸乙醇酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸乙醇酸(PLGA-PEG-PLGA)
將乳酸(Lactide,LA)、乙二醇(Glycolide,GA)和聚乙二醇
2000(PEG2000)之單體如下反應式I所示,分別加入至250mL燒瓶密閉並通入氮氣後,放入140℃油浴中加熱攪拌,當加入之單體完全溶解後加入0.005wt%的辛酸亞錫(Stannous octoate),加熱攪拌反應8小時後,靜置冷卻。將反應物加入去離子水,置於5℃下攪拌溶解。當完全溶解形成水溶液後,以水浴加熱至70℃至80℃,攪拌該水溶液直到白色沉澱物出現,靜置冷卻後將上層液倒出,再加入去離子水攪拌溶解,重覆此程序2次至3次,去除未反應的乳酸、乙二醇和PEG單體。最後將PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子產物取出進行抽取真空乾燥。
1.2 PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子進行核磁共振光譜(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,NMR)分析
使用500MHz NMR等級以上之取樣管,取約3mg PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子並加入7μL含重氫的二甲基亞碸(deuterated Dimethylsulfoxide,D-DMSO)及四甲基矽烷(tetramethylsilane,TMS)之混合溶劑,將樣品與溶劑充份混合為均勻相。
PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子進行核磁共振光譜分析結果,如第一圖所示,TMS為內標,DMSO為溶劑,在δ=1.21-1.46ppm的範圍為乳酸的-CH3存在,δ=5.0-5.21ppm的範圍為乳酸的-CH2存在,δ=3.4-3.5,4.07-4.20ppm的範圍為聚乙二醇的-CH2存在,δ=4.7-4.9ppm的範圍為乙二醇的-CH2存在。因此,藉由核磁共振光譜分析可證實PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子之合成。
1.3 PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子進行傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,FTIR)分析
將樣品加入溴化鉀中製成薄片,置入於傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀中進行分析。其結果如第二圖所示,在1100cm-1處之波峰為較寬的吸收峰為醚中的C-O鍵的不對稱振動峰;在3000cm-1處之波峰為PLA段中CH3的特徵吸收峰;在2800cm-1處之波峰為PEG段中CH2的特徵峰;在1200cm-1處之波峰為CO-O-C的特徵峰;在3500cm-1處之波峰為OH-團的特徵峰,證明其含有端羥基;在1700cm-1處為酯中C=O的特徵鋒;而在935cm-1和650cm-1處無明顯吸收峰,其顯示乳酸的殘留很少。因此,藉由傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜可證實PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子之合成。
1.4 形成PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子與Dipyridamole之奈米粒子
取40mg之PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子與4mg之Dipyridamile溶於10mL之DMSO中,並使其均勻混合,再以真空抽氣方式去除DMSO,並加入1mL的水後進行音波處理(sonication)以形成本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子;故本發明之最佳實施例中,Dipyridamile與PLGA-PEG-PLGA之比重為1:5至1:15。
利用高效液相層析儀(High-performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)分析以0.45μm之濾膜過濾本發明之Dipyridamile 奈米粒子,以確保Dipyridamile保持一定的大小以控制包覆藥物的粒徑;膜過濾前Dipyridamile濃度為CTotal;膜過濾後Dipyridamile濃度為C,包覆率(%)之計算公式為C/CTotal×100%。計算出PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子與Dipyridamile所形成之奈米粒子包覆率約為50%,Dipyridamile之含量約為2.0mg/mL。
X雷射粒徑分析儀(Zetasizer,型號3000HAS,廠牌Melven,英國),分析本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子粒徑分布,如第三圖所示,實驗結果顯示其粒徑為155nm以及多分散性為0.18,代表粒子大多均勻分布。
為模擬人類腦中風,本實驗採用血管內栓線阻斷法建立小鼠大腦中動脈梗塞(Middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型。在實驗前將小鼠秤體重並且開始紀錄直腸體溫,接著以4%福來生(halothane)混入100%O2將小鼠深度麻醉,接著以0.5-1%福來生混合70% N2O與30%O2維持小鼠麻醉狀態。依據Tamura氏方法建立小鼠腦中動脈梗塞模型,將小鼠俯臥以手術刀將頭頸部及腹側頸部割開使右總頸動脈露出,並且將中大腦動脈(Middle cerebral artery,MCA)灼蝕以達到缺血目的,手術完成後將手術部位的表皮切口稍加縫合,讓小鼠從麻醉中甦醒,暫時移到有烤燈照射保溫的飼養籠中以完成永久性大腦梗塞的模型。
於小鼠於中風後5小時,所有藥物之給予採從小鼠大腦中動脈梗塞模型之尾巴靜脈注射,藥物試驗組別與藥量如下:第一組係為100μL PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子載體控制組(vehicle Control)、第二組係為10mg/kg(2mg/mL)重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑(recombinant-type plasminogen activator,rt-PA)及第三組係為10mg/kg(2mg/mL)本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子。
將上述三組藥物試驗之小鼠體重與神經學檢查同時進行量測與評估,目的是比較以三組藥物治療之小鼠神經行為之差異。手術後7天及15天分別進行一次檢查所使用的神經學評估系統之運動的神經學檢查,因中風後第15天已過了急性中風時期,本發明比較在急性中風時期內治療及急性中風時期過後治療小鼠,評估小鼠在運動方面的狀態,評估方式如表一,因此分數愈高,代表行動愈不便:
小鼠大腦中動脈梗塞模型後以三組藥物試驗治療7天之神經行為測試結果,如第四圖所示,第一組PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子載體控制組之運動神經行為評估為3分;第二組10mg/kg(2mg/mL)重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑之運動神經行為評估為2.3分;第三組本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子之運動神經行為評估為1.7分。小鼠大腦中動脈梗塞模型後以三組藥物試驗治療15天之神經行為測試結果,如第五圖所示,第一組PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子載體控制組之運動神經行為評估為3分;第二組10mg/kg(2mg/mL)重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑之運動神經行為評估為2.6分;第三組本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子之運動神經行為評估為1.5分。其結果顯示出使用本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子治療之大腦中動脈梗塞模型之小鼠運動行為能力明顯較佳,同時,急性中風時期過後治療小鼠比在急性中風時期內治療之小鼠運動行為能力佳。
在大腦中動脈梗塞模式後以三組藥物試驗治療第15天將小鼠犧牲,取得小鼠腦部檢體,採用尼氏染色法(Nissl stain)以甲酚紫(cresyl violet)為染料對小鼠大腦神經元灰質的局部缺血傷害進行評估。尼氏染色法步驟流程如下:先將乾燥的玻片浸入裝有0.5%甲酚紫避光的玻璃染色缸中約4至6小時,再以乾淨的去離子水將玻片沖洗浸泡2分鐘,接著進入脫水步驟,將玻片依序浸入75%、85%、與95%的酒精中各約2分鐘,接連著浸入三缸100%無水酒精各30秒以脫水完全,再連續浸入三缸的二甲苯(xylene)中,各約2分鐘,最後以油性膠(Entellan)將蓋玻片(24×50mm)覆上,完成封片,並於室溫下風乾保存。
如第六圖所示,a.為第一組PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子載體控制組之腦組織尼氏染色法結果;b.為第二組10mg/kg(2mg/mL)重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑之腦組織尼氏染色法結果;c.為第三組本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子之腦組織尼氏染色法結果。將預先決定之冠狀高度(2mm)切片上所計算而得的栓塞區域接著彙編成每個腦的栓塞體積(infarction),單位為立方公厘,計算方式如下:
(1)腦部栓塞的體積是用間接方法計算得來,因腦部栓塞後的病情惡化,常常都是因為腦組織中由於液體過多囤積而形成腦水腫,所以將計算出的整個對側左腦半球正常未受損範圍減去整個同(患)側右腦半球未受損區域,再以對側左腦半球的百分比來表示,這是為了要補償同側右腦水腫所造成的誤差。公式如下:右腦栓塞體積百分比=[左腦正常體積-右腦未受損體積]÷左腦正常體積×100%
(2)在同側(右)半球所引起的腦水腫,其計算方式是將每一個腦切片的右腦半球體積增加的總和,再除以對側半球的腦部體積,這樣就可以得知同側半球腦水腫體積佔對側半球腦部體積的百分比。計算公式如下:右腦水腫體積百分比={Σ[右腦切片一左腦切片]×體積}÷左腦半球體積×100%
栓塞體積的計算結果,如第七圖所示,第一組PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子載體控制組之腦栓塞體積約為14%;第二組10mg/kg(2mg/mL)重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑之腦栓塞體積約為18%;第三組係為10mg/kg(2mg/mL)本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子之腦栓塞體積約為7%;此外,此外,本實施例另進行第四組及第五組實驗,第四組係為小鼠於中風後5小時注射20mg/kg本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子,而第五組係為為小鼠中風後5小時注射10mg/kg本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子以及10mg/kg之重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑(rt-PA)結合之組合物。結果顯示,第四組係小鼠之腦栓塞體積約為5%,以及第五組小鼠之腦栓塞體積約為6%。
小鼠大腦中動脈梗塞模式後以五組藥物試驗治療第15天將老鼠犧牲,在中風後第15天已過了急性中風時期,並由於威廉氏循環(The Circle of Wills)所造成因血管傷害所導致的神經行為之代償作用,尼氏染色法之結果顯示缺血不明顯且無腦水腫。但若根據栓塞體積百分比公式可發現,永久性中風小鼠模式第15天後,給予第一組PLGA-PEG-PLGA高分子載體控制組與第二組10mg/kg(2mg/mL)rt-PA的小鼠之大腦有萎縮的現象,同時,於過去研究顯示,rt-PA在永久性栓塞且施打時間超過中風發生3小時後,對於大腦有害而增加梗塞面積,本實驗數據跟文獻所描述相符;而給予第三組本發明之Dipyridamile奈米粒子的小鼠腦組織尼氏染色法結果則可有效預防萎縮(相較於第一組與第二組,p<0.01),似乎五組藥物試驗皆無腦水腫,但第三組的本發明可預防腦萎縮。
目前,若以臨床應用之口服預防中風的劑量而言,患者每日需口服高劑量200毫克的Dipyridamile兩次,若換算靜脈注射之等效劑量約2分之1到3分之1則為每日66.6mg至100mg兩次。根據本發明,小鼠所需劑量僅為10mg/kg,而一般估計成人所需劑量約為小鼠的13分之1到16分之1,其所需劑量為0.625mg/kg至0.769mg/kg,若以成人60公斤而言則為37.5mg至46mg之間;與臨床核子醫學心臟血流灌注造影所用劑量0.56mg/kg相當,且低於目前預防中風每日所需劑量的4分之1,因此,證
實本發明在臨床上具可用性。
本發明係提供有效增強治療急性中風之醫藥組合物及其遞送方法,其係以一可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體及一抗血小板藥物所形成之抗血小板藥物奈米粒子進行傳輸,進而達到該抗血小板藥物控制釋放的目的。將抗血小板藥物和可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體結合使藥物可以緩慢地釋放至治療部位,尤其是讓一些不穩定、半衰期(half-life)短的抗血小板藥物,於體內可以達到控制釋放之效果,並解決傳統部分抗血小板藥物無法穿透血腦屏障(Blood-brain-barrier,BBB),及降低其高血漿蛋白結合率以達到增加有效藥物濃度於大腦中的劑量,並能大幅減少治療的使用劑量,且藥物濃度能保持在穩定範圍內,讓抗血小板藥物發揮高度療效,並能減少給予大劑量抗血小板藥物時所造成的血壓降低等副作用產生。
Claims (12)
- 一種增強治療急性中風之抗血小板藥物之遞送方法,包含把含有一有效劑量之(a)低劑量之抗血小板藥物;以及(b)一可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體的組合物遞送,使得該低劑量抗血小板藥物能於一段有效時間達成治療急性中風之功效,其中該組合物之有效劑量係為10毫克/公斤至20毫克/公斤,該抗血小板藥物係為一磷酸二酯酶(Phosphodiesterase)抑制劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體係為一高分子載體或一微脂體。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之方法,其中該低劑量之抗血小板藥物與該高分子載體形成奈米微粒。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之方法,其中該高分子載體係由聚乳酸乙醇酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸乙醇酸(PLGA-PEG-PLGA)形成。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該磷酸二酯酶抑制劑係為待匹力達(Dipyridamole)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該組合物進一步包含一血栓溶解劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之方法,其中該血栓溶解劑係為重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑(recombinant-type plasminogen activator,rt-PA)。
- 一種增強治療急性中風之醫藥組合物,包含(a)低劑量之抗血小板藥物;以及(b)一可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體,其中該醫藥組合物之有效劑量係為10毫克/公斤至20毫克/公斤,該可降低血漿蛋白結合率之載體係為一高分子載體或一微脂體,且該抗血小板藥物係為一磷酸二酯酶抑制劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之醫藥組合物,其中該高分子載體係由聚乳 酸乙醇酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸乙醇酸(PLGA-PEG-PLGA)形成。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之醫藥組合物,其中該抗血小板藥物與該高分子載體之重量比係為1:5至1:15。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之醫藥組合物,其中該抗血小板藥物係為待匹力達(Dipyridamole)。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之醫藥組合物,其中該醫藥組合物進一步包含重組的組織血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑(rt-PA)。
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| TW102127167A TW201503900A (zh) | 2013-07-29 | 2013-07-29 | 增強治療急性中風之抗血小板藥物之遞送方法及其組合物 |
| CN201410362859.7A CN104338137A (zh) | 2013-07-29 | 2014-07-28 | 增强治疗急性卒中之抗血小板药物之递送方法及其组合物 |
| US14/444,259 US20150064238A1 (en) | 2013-07-29 | 2014-07-28 | Method and composition for enhancing the delivery of anti-platelet drugs for the treatment of acute stroke |
| CN202110601411.6A CN113713100A (zh) | 2013-07-29 | 2014-07-28 | 增强治疗急性卒中之抗血小板药物之递送方法及其组合物 |
| HK15107716.1A HK1208148A1 (zh) | 2013-07-29 | 2015-08-10 | 增强治疗急性卒中之抗血小板药物之递送方法及其组合物 |
| US15/944,999 US11660345B2 (en) | 2013-07-29 | 2018-04-04 | Method and composition for enhancing the delivery of anti-platelet drugs for the treatment of acute stroke |
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| TW102127167A TW201503900A (zh) | 2013-07-29 | 2013-07-29 | 增強治療急性中風之抗血小板藥物之遞送方法及其組合物 |
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| TWI492758B TWI492758B (zh) | 2015-07-21 |
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| CN (2) | CN104338137A (zh) |
| HK (1) | HK1208148A1 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW201503900A (zh) |
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| CA3031691A1 (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2018-03-22 | Rasna Research Inc. | Dactinomycin compositions and methods for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia |
| CN119534700B (zh) * | 2024-11-29 | 2025-11-18 | 广东华南药业集团有限公司 | 一种枸橼酸铋钾中铋与血浆蛋白结合率的测定方法 |
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| US5275812A (en) * | 1985-06-07 | 1994-01-04 | The General Hospital Corporation | Method of treatment for myocardial infarction |
| EP1093814A1 (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2001-04-25 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG | Use of dipyridamole or mopidamol in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and prevention of fibrin-dependent microcirculation disorders |
| US20090048173A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2009-02-19 | Wolfgang Eisert | Use Of Dipyridamole For Treatment Of Resistance To Platelet Inhibitors |
| US20070112414A1 (en) | 2005-09-08 | 2007-05-17 | Conor Medsystems, Inc. | System and method for local delivery of antithrombotics |
| CN1969912A (zh) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-05-30 | 北京奇源益德药物研究所 | 治疗心脑血管疾病的药物组合物及其制备方法和质控方法 |
| EA201171195A8 (ru) * | 2009-03-30 | 2014-08-29 | Серулин Фарма Инк. | Конъюгаты, частицы, композиции "полимер-агент" и способы их применения |
| AU2011337139B2 (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2015-11-12 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Shear controlled release for stenotic lesions and thrombolytic therapies |
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|---|---|
| TWI492758B (zh) | 2015-07-21 |
| CN113713100A (zh) | 2021-11-30 |
| HK1208148A1 (zh) | 2016-02-26 |
| CN104338137A (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
| US20180289814A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
| US20150064238A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
| US11660345B2 (en) | 2023-05-30 |
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