TW201424733A - 劑量型式 - Google Patents
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- TW201424733A TW201424733A TW103100886A TW103100886A TW201424733A TW 201424733 A TW201424733 A TW 201424733A TW 103100886 A TW103100886 A TW 103100886A TW 103100886 A TW103100886 A TW 103100886A TW 201424733 A TW201424733 A TW 201424733A
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Abstract
本發明係關於用於治療或預防患者感染C型肝炎之抗病毒療法及組合物,且本發明係關於本專利說明書所揭示之其他方法。本發明亦係關於包含組合物及劑量型式之套組及醫藥封包。本發明亦係關於用於製備此等組合物、劑量、套組及封包之方法。
Description
本發明係關於用於治療C型肝炎病毒感染之方法。
C型肝炎病毒("HCV")之感染為引人注目之人類醫學問題。HCV被認為是多數非A、非B型肝炎病例之病原體,其具有經估計之全球3%的人類血清流行率[A.Alberti等人,"Natural History of Hepatitis C"J.Hepatology,31.(增刊1),第17-24頁(1999)]。僅在美國就有接近四百萬人可能被感染[M.J.Alter等人,"The Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in the United States,Gastroenterol.Clin.North Am.,23,第437-455頁(1994);M.J.Alter"Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States,"J.Hepatology,31.(增刊1),第88-91頁(1999)]。
20-25%之感染HCV者也許能在急性感染後清除病毒,但75-80%之感染HCV者將發展為慢性C型肝炎感染。[序言,Frontiers in Viral Hepatitis.Ed.RF Schinazi,J-P Sommadossi,and CM Rice.p.xi.Elsevier(2003)]。此通常導致復發性及進行性肝臟發炎惡化,其通常導致諸如肝硬化及肝細胞癌之更嚴重疾病狀態[M.C.Kew,"Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma",FEMS Microbiology Reviews,14,第211-220頁(1994);I.Saito等人,"Hepatitis C Virus Infection is Associated with the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma",Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,87,第6547-6549頁(1990)]。不幸地是,對慢性
HCV之衰弱擴展沒有廣泛有效之治療。
HCV基因組將3010-3033胺基酸之聚合蛋白質(polyprotein)編碼[Q.L.Choo等人,"Genetic Organization and Diversity of the Hepatitis C Virus."Proc.Natl.Acad,Sci.USA,88,第2451-2455頁(1991);N.Kato等人,"Molecular Cloning of the Human Hepatitis C Virus Genome From Japanese Patients with Non-A,Non-B Hepatitis,"Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,87,第9524-9528頁(1990);A.Takamizawa等人,"Structure and Organization of the Hepatitis C Virus Genome Isolated From Human Carriers",J.Virol.,65,第1105-1113頁(1991)]。據推測該等HCV之非結構性(NS)蛋白質為病毒之複製提供必要之催化機構。該等NS蛋白質藉由聚合蛋白質之蛋白質裂解來獲得[R.Bartenschlager等人,"Nonstructural Protein 3 of the Hepatitis C Virus Encodes a Serine-Type Proteinase Required for Cleavage at the NS3/4 and NS4/5 Junctions",J.Virol.,67,第3835-3844頁(1993);A.Grakoui等人,"Characterization of the Hepatitis C Virus-Encoded Serine Proteinase:Determination of Proteinase-Dependent Polyprotein Cleavage Sites",J.Virol.,67,第2832-2843頁(1993);A.Grakoui等人,"Expression and Identification of Hepatitis C Virus Polyprotein Cleavage Products",J.Virol.,67,第1385-1395頁(1993);L.Tomei等人,"NS3 is a serine protease required for processing of hepatitis C virus polyprotein",J.Virol.,67,第4017-4026頁(1993)]。
HCV NS蛋白質3(NS3)含有有助於加工大多數病毒酶之絲胺酸蛋白酶活性,且因此吾人認為其對於病毒複製及感染性為必要的。已知黃熱病病毒NS3蛋白酶中之突變作用降低病毒感染性[Chambers,T.J.等人,"Evidence that the N-terminal Domain of Nonstructural Protein NS3 From Yellow Fever virus is a Serine Protease Responsible for Site-
Specific Cleavages in the Viral Polyprotein",Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,87,第8898-8902頁(1990)]。NS3之第一181胺基酸(病毒聚合蛋白質之殘基1027-1207)已展示出含有NS3之絲胺酸蛋白酶區,其加工該HCV聚合蛋白質之所有4個下游位點[C.Lin等人,"Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Serine Proteinase:Trans-Cleavage Requirements and Processing Kinetics",J.Virol.,68,第8147-8157頁(1994)]。
HCV NS3絲胺酸蛋白酶及其相關輔因子NS4A有助於加工所有病毒酶,且因此吾人認為其對於病毒複製為必要的。此加工似乎與藉由人類免疫缺陷病毒天冬胺醯基蛋白酶所進行之加工相類似,其中人類免疫力缺陷病毒天冬胺醯基蛋白酶亦涉及於病毒酶加工HIV蛋白酶抑制劑,其中抑制病毒蛋白質加工之該抑制劑係人體之有效抗病毒劑,該抗病毒劑指示中斷病毒生命週期之此階段可導致產生治療上之活性劑。因此,其為藥物發現之有吸引力之目標。
當前沒有任何令人滿意的抗HCV藥劑或治療方法。直至最近,HCV疾病之唯一確定療法為干擾素治療法。然而干擾素具有顯著副作用[M.A.Wlaker等人,"Hepatitis C Virus:An Overview of Current Approaches and Progress",DDT,4,第518-29頁(1999);D.Moradpour等人,"Current and Evolving Therapies for Hepatitis C",Eur.J.Gastroenterol.Hepatol.,11,第1199-1202頁(1999);H.L.A.Janssen等人,"Suicide Associated with Alfa-Interferon Therapy for Chronic Viral Hepatitis",J.Hepatol.,21,第241-243頁(1994);P.F.Renault等人,"Side Effects of Alpha Interferon",Seminars in Liver Disease,9,第273-277頁(1989)]且僅在一小部分(約25%)病例中引起長期緩和[O.Weiland,"Interferon Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection",FEMS Microbiol.Rev.,14,第279-288頁(1994)]。最近聚乙二醇化型式之干擾素(PEG-INTRON®及PEGASYS®)之引入及病毒唑與聚乙二
醇化干擾素(REBETROL®)之組合療法之引入僅導致緩和率之適度改良,且僅導致部分降低副作用。此外,有效抗HCV疫苗之前景仍不明確。
因此,對抗HCV療法及抗HCV組合物之合適給藥方案有需要。
HCV及其他疾病及病症係與肝臟損壞相關聯。對用於治療肝臟損壞之療法及合適給藥方案亦有需要。
本發明提供一種用於治療C型肝炎病毒感染之方法。
本發明亦提供一種用於治療肝臟損壞及肝臟發炎之方法。
圖1A及圖1B描繪劑量含量之平均濃度時間分佈。
圖2A-2D描繪所獲得之藥物動力學參數(單劑量上升之PK參數(A部分))。框內之線表示中值,且該框表示資料中間部分之界限。
圖3描繪在14天研究期間,C型肝炎陽性對象之血漿中的中值HCV RNA之濃度(IU/mL)。
圖4描繪在14天研究期間,在C型肝炎陽性對象中之中值HCV RNA相對於基線之濃度變化(IU/mL)。
圖5描繪在750 mg q8h劑量組(VX-950,N=8)中對於個別C型肝炎陽性對象之14天研究期間,HCV RNA相對於基線之濃度變化(IU/mL)。
圖6描繪在所有劑量組中之平均新喋呤、ALT(丙胺酸轉胺脢)及HCV RNA +/- SEM。下列符號用於圖6:對於所有3個劑量組及安慰劑,展示在平均ALT含量±SEM(最上部的具有開符號之4條線)中自基線之變化,在平均血漿新喋呤含量±SEM(中部的具有開符號之4條線)中自基線之變化及平均血漿HCV RNA負荷±SEM(下部的具有關閉符號之4條線)中自基線之變化。患者用VX-950治療14天。*第12天,在
450 mg q8h組中,平均ALT含量之瞬間增加為假影(10個樣品中缺失5個,中值38 U/l,範圍25-125 U/l)。
圖7描繪所有組中平均新喋呤值+/- SEM。對於所有3種劑量組及安慰劑之預處理及在第7天與第14天的平均血漿新喋呤含量±SEM。吾人注意到平均新喋呤之下降在750 mg q8h劑量組中最大,750 mg q8h劑量組具有最高預處理值且接著在第14天具有最低平均值。在750 mg q8h劑量組中與基線相比及與安慰劑相比新喋呤之下降在第14天變得顯著(*非配對雙尾T檢定,**Mann Whitney檢定)。位於Y=7.7 nmol/l處之水平虛線表示ULN。
圖8、9及10描繪HCV NS3/4A蛋白酶對TRIF(TLR3接附蛋白質)之活體外分裂被VX-950抑制,其中圖9描繪藉由NS3/4A分裂TRIF的時間過程。
圖11、12及13描繪病毒變異體之適應性下降,其中圖12關於4A/4B IVTT受質,及圖13關於TRIF IVTT受質。
圖14描繪位於基線、第7天及第14天之平均HCV RNA,新喋呤及ALT。
圖15及16描繪VX-950修復感染仙台病毒之具IFNβ穀胺酸(IFNβ-Luc)及NS3‧4A的Huh7細胞中之IFNβ依賴性基因表達的資料(Sendai病毒刺激後之IFNβ誘導)。
本發明係關於對於投與VX-950之特定劑量及給藥方案。VX-950係競爭性、可逆性、多肽模擬(peptidomimetic)之NS3/4A蛋白酶抑制劑,其具3 nM之穩定狀態結合常數(ki*)[WO 02/018369]。
吾人已以單一劑量在人體內測試VX-950,且發現耐受性良好。不利情況之發生率或嚴重性並不隨VX-950劑量之增加而增加。沒有被認為是嚴重的不利情況(3級或4級)。血液學或臨床化學參數之基線實驗室值無臨床顯著變化。任何經測試對象之身體檢查、生命徵象或心電圖無臨床顯著變化。
執行分析以測定VX-950之藥物動力學概況。於圖1及圖2中描繪該資料。
基於整合之臨床前及臨床資料預測肝臟對於VX-950之暴露。將已預測之人體肝臟暴露與VX-950複製子檢定及感染病毒檢定(參見下文)之結果相結合以測定經預期有良好耐受性且產生治療益處之劑量。經預測之平均肝臟濃度值在劑量範圍研究中高達複製子檢定IC90之57倍,且高達複製子檢定IC50之113倍。
此等結果表明申請者發明之給藥方案將達到VX-950之肝臟濃度大體超過非臨床研究中所測定之IC50及IC90。
因此,本發明之一實施例提供醫藥組合物,其包含:a)VX-950,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽:以約300 mg至約1500 mg之量;以約300 mg至約1250 mg之量;以約450 mg之量;以約750 mg之量;或以約1250 mg之量;及b)醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
本發明亦提供一種包含投與VX-950或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的治療方法:以約300 mg至約1500 mg之量;以約300 mg至約1250 mg之量;以約450 mg之量;以約750 mg之量;或以約1250 mg之量;其中每天投與該量一次、兩次或三次。根據本發明之治療方案意欲包括以一或多種劑量型式投與VX-950。
本發明之另一實施例提供一種用於治療或預防患者感染C型肝炎病毒之方法,其包含以約300 mg至約1500 mg之量向患者投與VX-950或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
在某些實施例中,VX-950之劑量至少為約300 mg。在其他實施例中,VX-950之劑量至少為約450 mg。在其他實施例中,VX-950之劑量至少為約750 mg。在其他實施例中,VX-950之劑量至少為約1250 mg。在其他實施例中,VX-950之劑量至少為約1500 mg。
又在其他實施例中,VX-950之劑量為不大於約1500 mg。在其他實施例中,VX-950之劑量為不大於約1250 mg。在其他實施例中,VX-950之劑量為不大於約750 mg。在其他實施例中,VX-950之劑量為不大於約450 mg。在其他實施例中,VX-950之劑量為不大於約300 mg。
應瞭解可組合此等較低及較高量以提供投與VX-950之較佳劑量範圍。舉例而言,在一實施例中,VX-950或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之量為約300 mg至約1250 mg。
在某些實施例中,以約450 mg之量投與VX-950。在其他實施例中,以約600 mg之量投與VX-950。在其他實施例中,以約750 mg之量投與VX-950。在其他實施例中,以約1000 mg之量投與VX-950。在
其他實施例中,以約1250 mg之量投與VX-950。
在任一此等實施例中,VX-950之量每天投與1次。或者,VX-950之量每天投與2次(意即:BID;q12h)。或者VX-950之量每天投與3次(意即:TID;q8h)。
已在人體內測試VX-950,且發現其有效抑制HCV複製。申請者已證明投與VX-950能大體上降低HCV RNA含量。重要的是,申請者已證明向感染HCV之對象投與VX-950可抑制病毒,因此病毒RNA變得使用Roche COBAS TaqMan HCV/HPS檢定(獲自Roche Molecular Diagnostics)無法偵測。每8小時(q8h)接收750 mg VX-950之8位對象中,4位之HCV RNA含量低於定量限(LLQ 30 IU/mL),且2位之HCV RNA含量低於偵測限(LLD 10 IU/mL)。
每8小時接收750 mg VX-950之對象在14天治療結束時達到HCV-RNA之中值降低大於4 log10(意即降低10,000倍)。在14天治療結束時於其他2種VX-950劑量組中之每一個均可見HCV-RNA之中值降低大於2 log10。在第一個三天治療中每一接收VX-950之對象均達到大於2 log10之HCV-RNA之降低。參見實例5及圖3-5。
已證明以VX-950治療之患者體內病毒量迅速下降。此外,已證明在給藥結束後HCV RNA含量向基線HCV RNA含量之返回緩慢。特定言之,治療結束後HCV RNA含量向HCV RNA基線含量之返回速率低於剛治療時HCV RNA之下降速率。此等結果與達到不可偵測HCV RNA含量一起表明VX-950作為單一療法之有效性。
因此,本發明提供一種用於治療感染HCV之患者的方法,其包含以:a)約450 mg之量,每天3次,每8小時1次;b)約750 mg之量,每天3次,每8小時1次;或c)約1250mg之量,每天2次,每12小時1次向患者投與VX-950,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
在其他實施例中,本發明提供一種用於向感染C型肝炎病毒之患
者投與VX-950之方法,以使治療後患者體內之HCV RNA含量比治療前至少低約2 log(較佳為至少約4 log)。在另一實施例中,本發明提供一種用於向感染HCV之患者投與VX-950之方法,以使患者體內之病毒RNA含量下降至不可偵測之程度,且保持在不可偵測之程度直至達到"持續性病毒響應"。當前所界定之"持續性病毒響應"意指給藥完成後24週,病毒RNA含量保持不可偵測。
由於未被理論束縛,吾人認為本發明之方法較佳每8小時使用750 mg之VX-950,因為該方法導致較高之最低含量。該最低含量為剛好在下次給藥前在血漿中下降所達到之藥物濃度(意即:兩次給藥之間的最低濃度)。特定言之,重要的是在病毒性疾病中維持藥物含量高於某一濃度以維持適當抑制病毒複製。有利的是,申請者已發現一種每8小時投與750 mg VX-950之方案,導致經測定方案之最高的最低含量。
因此,在一較佳實施例中,本發明提供一種包含以約750 mg之量,每天3次,每8小時1次向患者投與VX-950或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的方法。
在某些實施例中,本發明提供一種藉由在24小時期間投與至少一種包含VX-950之劑量型式用於治療感染HCV之患者的方法,其中投與該劑量型式以在24小時期間維持最低血漿VX-950含量之最低值為約750 ng/mL。
在此實施例之某些型式中,投與該劑量型式以在24小時期間維持最低血漿VX-950含量之最低值為約800 ng/mL,較佳在24小時期間為約900 ng/mL,且更佳在24小時期間為約1000 ng/mL。
在某些較佳實施例中,獲得治療有效性血漿濃度並維持某一最低含量。此等方法藉由投與VX-950調配物對於治療患有HCV感染者尤其有用,其中最低VX-950血漿含量在24小時期間維持最低值為約
750、800、900或1000 ng/mL。
同時提供一種用於向人類傳遞VX-950之劑量型式,其中該劑量型式包含VX-950,當在24小時期間至少投與一次時,該劑量型式維持最低血漿VX-950含量在24小時期間至少為約750 ng/mL、800 ng/mL、900 ng/mL或1000 ng/mL。
本發明亦提供一種用於向需要VX-950之人提供VX-950之方法,該方法包含向該人投與口服劑量之包含VX-950之組合物,其中在投與後,該劑量向該人提供至少約750 ng/mL之VX-950的平均血漿濃度(Cave)。在某些實施例中,該(Cave)為約1000 ng/mL或約1250 ng/mL。在某些實施例中,該劑量基本上含有750 mg之VX-950。在此等實施例中,在投與後3小時內,較佳為2小時,更佳為投與後1小時內獲得/達到該(Cave)。在此等實施例之一較佳型式中,在約24小時期間,且較佳為在12週之期間維持該(Cave)。
在某些實施例中,以VX-950治療之持續時間短於當前護理標準。
在某些實施例中,根據本發明之方法包括治療感染基因型1 C型肝炎病毒之患者。基因型1 HCV感染是最難治療之HCV菌種,且是在美國最流行之菌種。
申請者亦已證明投與VX-950降低活體內新喋呤及ALT含量。ALT為用於發炎之生物標誌。
新喋呤(6-d-赤-三羥基丙基喋啶(6-d-erythro-trihydroxypropylpteridine))為喋啶衍生物,其產生於鳥嘌呤核苷三磷酸(GTP)新陳代謝期間。當藉由干擾素γ及干擾素α激活時,新喋呤主要藉由單核細胞及巨噬細胞產生,且為發炎之標誌。在慢性HCV感染中新喋呤含量常常升高(Quiroga等人,Dig Dis Sci 1994;39(11):2485-96)。在健康個體中預期新喋呤之血漿含量在3.1與7.7 nmol/l之間。
因此,申請者測定血清中新喋呤濃度之變化,以作為在投與(HCV)NS3˙4A蛋白酶之抑制劑期間的單核細胞/巨噬細胞活性之標誌。如本文所述,在34位感染HCV基因型1之患者中,以隨機化、雙盲(double blind)、安慰劑控制(placebo controlled)、多劑量研究中,投與VX-950達14天。患者分別接受VX-950 450 mg q8h(n=10)、750 mg q8h(n=8)、1250 mg q12h(n=10)、或安慰劑(n=6)。藉由定量競爭性ELLSA(ELItest® Neopterin,Brahms,Hennigsdorf,Germany)在治療前、第7天及第14天,及後繼續研究之第10天量測血清新喋呤濃度。偵測下限(LLD)為2 nmol/l。在研究時間,利用即時PCR(COBAS® TaqMan HCV Test;線性動力學範圍為3.0x101至2.0x108 HCV RNA IU/ml;LLD為10 HCV RNA IU/ml;Roche Diagnostics,Branchburg,NJ)分析頻繁間隔的HCV RNA。
在投與VX-950期間,在所有劑量組中每位患者均顯示病毒量下降大於2-log10(圖1)。在750 mg q8h劑量組中,在第三天平均HCV RNA下降3.6 log10,且在第14天下降4.3 log10。在450 mg q8h及1250 mg q12h劑量組中,在第3天至第7天看見最大效應,接著在第7天與第14天之間平均病毒量增加。在後續進行之研究中,平均病毒量在所有劑量組中均會增加。
在34位患者中有23位的基線新喋呤濃度是升高的(平均9.33 nmol/l;正常上限(upper limit of normal;ULN)7.7 nmol/l)。在750 mg劑量組中,與基線相比及與安慰劑相比,新喋呤下降在第14天變得顯著(750 mg q8h劑量組基線與第14天比較為10.48±0.84 nmol/l與7.32±0.48 nmol/l,P=0.0104,Mann Whitney檢定;750 mg q8h劑量組與安慰劑組在第14天的比較為7.32±0.48 nmol/l與9.81±1.36 nmol/l,P=0.0036,非配對雙尾T檢定)。在第14天僅750 mg q8h劑量組中的平均新喋呤含量係在正常值內(表1,圖2)。在450 mg q8h劑量組及1250
mg q12h劑量組中,平均新喋呤含量下降較小(圖1及2,表1)。在安慰劑組中平均新喋呤含量並無變化(圖1及2)。在後續進行之研究中,所有劑量組之平均新喋呤含量均會增加。
平均ALT含量在基線處是升高的,在所有組別中投藥期間會下降(圖1)。在後續進行之研究中平均ALT含量在所有劑量組中均會增加。
儘管在第7天後450 mg劑量組及1250 mg劑量組中之HCV RNA會增加,但新喋呤及尤其ALT會持續下降。在VX-950給藥期間平均新喋呤濃度變化與HCV RNA及ALT含量下降相關聯。平均新喋呤濃度之最大下降位於第14天時之750 mg q8h劑量組中。此亦為在第14天時具有HCV RNA最大下降之劑量組。第7天後在450 mg q8h劑量組及1250 mg q12h劑量組中,當HCV RNA含量升高時ALT及新喋呤含量下降。此等資料指出VX-950抑制HCV複製導致與病毒感染相關聯之全身發炎活性的顯著下降。
VX-950亦改善動物模型中升高之ALT含量(見WO 2005/025517)。具體言之在SCID小鼠中WT-HCV蛋白酶-SEAP之表達導致升高之ALT含量,其可藉由以VX-950治療而改善。WT-HCV蛋白酶僅在SCID小鼠中表達亦導致ALT含量之時間及劑量依賴性升高。
因此,本發明之另一實施例提供用於治療或預防肝臟損壞、肝臟發炎、脂肪變性、脂肪肝臟、NAFLD、NASH、酒精性脂肪變性、Reye綜合症之方法,且提供用於肝臟保護之方法。
申請者亦已證明VX-950阻斷活體外免疫逃避。
VX-950修復被仙台(Sendai)病毒感染之Huh7細胞中之IFNβ依賴性基因表達。響應於WT HCVpro刺激Sendai病毒,IFNβ啟動子活性下降。VX-950勝過經WT HCVpro調節之IFNβ。
此外,已知NS3/4A包括藉由(例如)TRIF依賴性機制(以及病毒聚合蛋白質加工)之先天防禦逃避中。此免疫逃避導致病毒續存。因
此,需要抑制病毒聚合蛋白質加工及先天防禦逃避之組合物。有利的是,VX-950已展示兩種需求均可滿足。特定言之,VX-950抑制活體外TRIF之分裂,TRIF為TLR3接附蛋白質。
由於未被理論束縛,建模指出VX-950藉由NS3蛋白酶而抑制TRIF分裂。TRIF結合至NS3蛋白酶活性部位。VX-950結合至活性部位之非主要側並阻斷TRIF分裂。
此外,申請者已展示2種VX-950病毒變異體A156T及A156V,其展示降低分裂4A/4B或TRIF的能力[C.Lin等人,"In Vitro Studies of Cross-resistance Mutations Against two Hepatitis C Virus Serine Protease Inhibitors VX-950 and BILN 2061",J.Biol.Chem.,2005年8月8日]。由於此等病毒變異體不太適合,因此其在病毒聚合蛋白質加工及病毒續存上均無效。由於未被理論束縛,此與影響結合至4A/4B及TRIF受質之A156V位阻相關。
此表明VX-950充當直接抗病毒及免疫逃避抑制劑。因此,本發明亦提供抑制HCV蛋白酶調節宿主防禦逃避之方法。
此等結果與本文所揭示之活體內資料表明VX-950作為單一療法之效用。
根據本發明VX-950之量以單一劑量型式或一種以上劑量型式投與。若以獨立劑量型式投與,則每一劑量型式約同時投與。
VX-950可含有一或多個不對稱碳原子,且因此可作為外消旋體及外消旋混合物、單一對映異構物、非對映體混合物及個別非對映異構體而出現。此等化合物之所有該等異構物型式明確地包括於本發明中。每一立體生成碳可為R或S組態。位於VX-950之N丙基側鏈上的D-及L-異構體明確地包括於本發明內。本發明之較佳實施例使用VX-950。
如熟習實施者將認識到,若本發明之方法用於預防地治療患者
且該患者感染有C型肝炎病毒,則接著該方法可治療感染。因此,本發明之一實施例提供用於治療或預防患者感染C型肝炎之方法。
除了治療感染C型肝炎之患者外,本發明之方法可用於防止患者免於感染C型肝炎。因此,本發明之一實施例提供一種用於預防患者感染C型肝炎病毒之方法,該方法包含向患者投與根據本發明之組合物或劑量型式。
本發明之方法亦可包括投與包含一添加劑之另一組份,該添加劑選自免疫調節劑;抗病毒劑;HCV蛋白酶抑制劑(不同於VX-950);在HCV生命週期中另一靶點之抑制劑(不同於NS3/4A蛋白酶);內部核糖體入口之抑制劑,廣譜病毒抑制劑;或細胞色素P-450抑制劑;或其組合物。
因此,在另一實施例中,本發明提供一種包含投與VX-950及另一抗病毒劑,較佳為抗HCV之藥劑的方法。此等抗病毒劑包括但不限於免疫調節劑,諸如α、β及γ干擾素或胸腺素、聚乙二醇化衍生化干擾素-α化合物及胸腺素;其他諸如病毒唑、三環癸胺及汰比夫定(telbivudine)之抗病毒劑;其他C型肝炎蛋白酶之抑制劑(NS2-NS3抑制劑及NS3-NS4抑制劑);HCV生命週期中其他靶點之抑制劑,包括解螺旋酶、聚合酶及金屬蛋白酶(metalloprotease)抑制劑;內部核糖體入口之抑制劑;廣譜病毒抑制劑,諸如IMPDH抑制劑(例如,美國專利5,807,876,6,498,178,6,344,465,6,054,472,WO 97/40028,WO 98/40381,WO 00/56331之化合物,及黴酚酸及其衍生物,且包括但不限於VX-497,VX-148及/或VX-944);或上文各物之任意組合物。
可與本發明之化合物組合使用之其他藥劑(例如非免疫調節性或免疫調節性化合物),包括但不限於彼等於WO 02/18369中說明之藥劑,WO 02/18369以引用的方式併入本文中(參見例如第273頁第9-22
行,及第274頁第4行至第276頁第11行)。
還有其他包括彼等在US 2004/0082574、US 2005/0192212、US 2005/0187192、US 2005/0187165及US 2005/004922中描述之藥劑。
還有其他藥劑包括但不限於獲自Human Genome Sciences之AlbuferonTM(白蛋白干擾素α);PEG-INTRON®(聚乙二醇化干擾素α-2b,獲自Schering Corporation,Kenilworth,NJ);INTRON-A®(干擾素α-2b,獲自Schering Corporation,Kenilworth,NJ);病毒唑(1-β-D-呋喃核糖基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-甲醯胺,獲自ICN Pharmaceuticals,Inc.,Costa Mesa,CA;於Merck Index,第12版第8365條目中描述);REBETROL®(Schering Corporation,Kenilworth,NJ);COPEGUS®(Hoffmann-La Roche,Nutley,NJ);PEGASYS®(聚乙二醇化干擾素α-2a,獲自Hoffmann-La Roche,Nutley,NJ);ROFERON®(重組干擾素α-2a,獲自Hoffmann-La Roche,Nutley,NJ);BEREFOR®(干擾素α2,獲自Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceutical,Inc.,Ridgefield,CT);SUMIFERON®(天然α干擾素之純淨化摻混,諸如獲自日本Sumitomo之Sumiferon);WELLFERON®(干擾素α nl,獲自英國Glaxo Wellcome有限公司);ALFERON®(由Interferon Sciences製造之天然α干擾素的混合物,且獲自Purdue Frederick Co.,CT);a-干擾素、天然α干擾素2a、天然α干擾素2b;聚乙二醇化α干擾素2a或2b;複合α干擾素(Amgen,Inc.,Newbury Park,CA);VIRAFERON®;INFERGEN®;REBETRON®(Schering Plough,干擾素α 2B+病毒唑);聚乙二醇化干擾素α(Reddy,K.R.等人,"Efficacy and Safety of Pegylated(40-kd)Interferon alpha-2a Compared with Interferon alpha-2a in Noncirrhotic Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Hepatology,33,第433-438頁(2001));複合干擾素(Kao,J.H.等人,"Efficacy of Consensus Interferon in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis"J.Gastroenterol.
Hepatol.,15,第1418-1423頁(2000));淋巴母細胞或"天然"干擾素;干擾素τ(Clayette,P.等人,"IFN-tau,A New Interferon Type I with Antiretroviral activity"Pathol,Biol.(Paris)47,第553-559頁(1999));白細胞介素2(Davis,G.L.等人,"Future Options for the Management of Hepatitis C."Seminars in Liver Disease,19,第103-112頁(1999));白細胞介素6(Davis等人,"Future Options for the Management of Hepatitis C."Seminars in Liver Disease,19,第103-112頁(1999));白細胞介素12(Davis,G.L.等人,"Future Options for the Management of Hepatitis C."Seminars in Liver Disease,19,第103-112頁(1999));及增強類型1輔助性T細胞響應發展之化合物(Davis等人,"Future Options for the Management of Hepatitis C."Seminars in Liver Disease,19,第103-112頁(1999))。同樣還包括刺激干擾素在細胞中合成之化合物(Tazulakhova,E.B.等人,"Russian Experience in Screening,analysis,and Clinical Application of Novel Interferon Inducers"J.Interferon Cytokine Res.,21,第65-73頁),包括但不限於單獨或與托普黴素結合之雙鏈RNA及咪喹莫特(3M Pharmaceuticals;Sauder,D.N.,"Immunomodulatory and Pharmacologic Properties of Imiquimod"J.Am.Acad.Dermatol.,43,第S6-11頁(2000))。
如藉由熟習實施者所認識到,VX-950較佳口服投與,干擾素通常非口服投與。然而,本文未將本發明之方法或組合限制至任一特定劑量型式或療法。因此,根據本發明之組合物之各組份可分別、一起或以其任意組合投與。如藉由熟習實施者所認識到,干擾素之劑量通常以IU(例如約4百萬IU至約12百萬IU)量測。180 μg/wk為標準劑量。
預期與本發明一起使用之細胞色素P450單加氧酶("CYP")抑制劑抑制VX-950之新陳代謝。因此,細胞色素P450單加氧酶抑制劑以有效之量來抑制VX-950之新陳代謝。因此,CYP抑制劑係以使VX-950
之生物可用性與在無CYP抑制劑時之生物可用性相比升高之量投與。CYP抑制劑包括但不限於利托那韋(ritonavir)[WO 94/14436]、酮康唑、醋竹桃黴素(troleandomycin)、4-甲基吡唑、環孢素、氯美噻唑(clomethiazole)、西咪替丁(cimetidine)、伊曲康唑(itraconazole)、氟康唑(fluconazole)、咪康唑(miconazole)、氟伏沙明(fluvoxamine)、氟西汀(fluoxetine)、奈法唑酮(nefazodone)、舍曲林(sertraline)、印地那韋(indinavir)、奈非那韋(nelfinavir)、安普那韋(amprenavir)、福沙那韋(fosamprenavir)、沙奎那韋(saquinavir)、洛匹那韋(lopinavir)、地拉韋啶(delavirdine)、紅黴素(erythromycin)、VX-944及VX-497。較佳CYP抑制劑包括利托那韋、酮康唑、醋竹桃黴素、4-甲基吡唑、環孢素及氯美噻唑。
已知用於量測化合物對細胞色素P50單加氧酶活性抑制能力的方法(見US 6,037,157及Yun等人的Drug Metabolism & Disposition,第21卷第403-407頁(1993))。亦已知用於評估在一對象中共投與VX-950及CYP抑制劑之影響的方法(US 2004/0028755)。任一此等方法可與本發明一起使用以測定一組合物之藥物動力學影響。
本發明之一實施例提供一種用於投與CYP3A4抑制劑及VX-950之方法。
本文之方法亦涉及投與或共投與a)VX-950與另一藥劑之組合物;或b)以一種以上劑量型式之VX-950。共投與包括以相同劑量型式或以不同劑量型式投與每一種抑制劑。當以不同劑量型式投與時,該抑制劑可在不同時間投與,包括約同時或在投與其他劑量型式周圍之任一時間段。可以任一順序投與獨立劑量型式。亦即,任一劑量型式可在其他劑量型式之前,一起或之後投與。VX-950及任一添加劑可以獨立劑量型式調配。或者,為降低向患者投與劑量型式之數目,VX-950及任一添加劑可以任意組合調配在一起。任一獨立劑量型式
可同時或不同時投與。應瞭解應在一時間段內投與劑量型式,以便生物效應為有利的。
根據本發明之療法及劑量型式,VX-950以有效降低樣本或患者體內病毒量之量而存在,其中該病毒對病毒生命週期必要之NS3/4A絲胺酸蛋白酶編碼(或以有效進行本發明之方法的量),及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。或者,本發明之組合物包含如本文所描述之添加劑。每一組份可存在於個別組合物、結合組合物或單一組合物中。
若在此等組合物中利用化合物之醫藥學上可接受之鹽,彼等鹽較佳來源於無機或有機酸及鹼。此等酸鹽包括如下:醋酸鹽、己二酸鹽、海藻酸鹽、天冬胺酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、丁酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、樟腦酸鹽(camphorate)、樟腦磺酸鹽、環戊丙酸鹽、二葡糖酸鹽、十二烷基硫酸鹽、乙磺酸鹽、反丁烯二酸鹽、葡糖庚酸鹽、甘油磷酸鹽、半硫酸鹽、庚酸鹽、已酸鹽、氫氯酸鹽、氫溴酸鹽、氫碘酸鹽、2-羥基乙磺酸鹽、乳酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、2-萘磺酸鹽、煙酸鹽、草酸鹽、雙羥萘酸鹽、果膠酸鹽、過氧硫酸鹽、3-苯基丙酸鹽、苦味酸鹽、特戊酸鹽、丙酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、硫氰酸鹽、甲苯磺酸鹽及十一烷酸鹽。鹼鹽包括銨鹽、諸如鈉鹽及鉀鹽之鹼金屬鹽、諸如鈣鹽及鎂鹽之鹼土金屬鹽、諸如二環己基胺鹽、N-甲基-D-葡萄胺鹽之有機鹼的鹽及具諸如精胺酸、離胺酸等等之胺基酸的鹽。
同樣可以此等諸如低烷基鹵化物之試劑,諸如甲基、乙基、丙基及丁基氯化物、溴化物及碘化物;二烷基硫酸鹽,諸如二甲基、二乙基、二丁基及二戊基硫酸鹽;長鏈鹵化物諸如癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基及十八烷基氯化物、溴化物及碘化物;芳烷基鹵化物,諸如苯甲基及苯乙基溴化物及其他試劑將鹼性含氮基團季銨化。藉此可獲得水溶性或油可溶性或分散性產物。
在本發明之組合物方法中利用之化合物亦可藉由添加合適之功能性以增強選擇性之生物特性而改進。此等改進在該項技術中已知,且包括彼等增加進入給定生物系統(例如血液、淋巴系統、中央神經系統)之生物穿透性、增加口服可用性、增加溶解性以允許藉由注射而投與、改變新陳代謝並改變排泄速率的改進。
在此等組合物中可使用之醫藥學上可接受之載劑包括但不限於離子交換劑、氧化鋁、硬脂酸鋁、卵磷脂、諸如人類血清白蛋白之血清蛋白質,諸如磷酸鹽、甘胺酸、山梨酸、山梨酸鉀、飽和蔬菜脂肪酸之部分甘油酯混合物,水、鹽或諸如精蛋白硫酸鹽、磷酸氫二鈉、磷酸氫鉀、氯化鈉、鋅鹽之電解質,矽膠、三矽酸鎂、聚乙烯基咔唑、基於纖維素之物質、聚乙二醇、羧甲基纖維素鈉、聚丙烯酸酯、蠟、聚乙烯聚氧化嵌段共聚物、聚乙二醇及羊毛脂。
根據一較佳實施例,本發明之組合物經調配用於向哺乳動物,特定言之為人類,投與醫藥。
本發明之此等醫藥組合物(以及用於在本發明之方法、組合、套組及封包中使用之組合物)可藉由吸入噴灑局部地、經直腸地、經鼻地、經陰道地或經由植入儲集器而口服地、非經腸地、舌下給藥地投與。本文所使用之措詞"非經腸的"包括皮下的、靜脈內的、肌肉的、關節內、滑膜內、胸骨內、鞘內、肝內、疾病部位內及頭顱內注射或灌輸技術。組合物較佳口服或靜脈注射投與。組合物更佳經口服投與。
本發明之且根據本發明之組合物的無菌注射型式可為液相或油質懸浮液。此等懸浮液可根據該項技術中已知技術使用合適分散劑或濕潤劑及懸浮劑而調配。該無菌注射製備亦可為無菌注射溶液或為在非毒性經腸可接收稀釋劑或溶劑中的懸浮液,例如作為在1,3-丁二醇中之溶液。可接受之媒劑及溶劑中可使用水、Ringer溶液及等張氯化
鈉溶液。此外,習知使用無菌、不揮發油作為溶劑或懸浮媒劑。出於此目的,可使用任何溫和之不揮發油包括合成單或二甘油酯。脂肪酸,諸如油酸及其甘油酯衍生物如諸如橄欖油或蓖麻油之天然醫藥學上可接受之油一樣,在血管注射劑之製備中係有用的,尤其在其聚環氧乙烷基化變體中。此等油溶液或懸浮液亦可含有長鏈醇類稀釋劑或分散劑,諸如羧基甲基酯纖維素,或通常在包括乳液及懸浮液之醫藥學上可接受之劑量型式的調配中使用之類似分散劑。其他通常使用之界活性劑,諸如吐溫類(Tweens)、司盤類(Spans)及其他乳化劑或通常用於醫藥學上可接受之固體、液體之製造的生物可用性增強劑,或其他亦可用於調配目的之劑量型式。
在本發明之包含VX-50及一添加劑之組合物中,在單一治療方法中VX-950及添加劑應以通常投與劑量含量為約10至100%之間而存在,且更佳為約10至80%之間。
本發明之醫藥組合物亦可以任一口服可接受劑量型式口服投與,該口服可接受劑量型式包括但不限於膠囊、錠劑、丸劑、散劑、顆粒、水懸浮液或溶液。在口服使用之錠劑的狀況下,通常使用之載劑包括乳糖及玉米澱粉。通常還添加諸如硬脂酸鎂之潤滑劑。對於以膠囊型式口服投藥,有用稀釋劑包括乳糖及幹玉米澱粉。當口服使用需要液相懸浮液時,活性成份與乳化及懸浮劑相結合。若需要,亦可添加某些甜味劑、調味劑或調色劑。可接受液體劑量型式包括乳劑、溶液、懸浮液、糖漿及酒劑。
或者本發明之醫藥組合物可以直腸投與之栓劑型式投與。此等可藉由將該試劑與合適非刺激性賦形劑混合而製備,該合適非刺激性賦形劑在室溫下為固體,但在直腸溫度下為液體,且因此在直腸中將融化以釋放藥物。此等物質包括可可脂、蜂蠟及聚乙二醇類。
本發明醫藥組合物亦可局部投與,尤其是當治療目標包括以局
部應用易於接近之區域或器官時,包括眼部、皮膚或較低腸道內之疾病。可輕易地針對於每一此等區域或器官製備出合適局部調配物。
如在該技術中已認識到的,醫藥組合物亦可以脂質體之型式投與。
申請者已證明VX-950經口服是具有生物可用的。因此本發明較佳醫藥組合物係針對於口服投藥而調配的。
以CYP抑制劑而言,劑量含量通常為每天約0.001至約200 mg/kg體重。更通常地,劑量含量為每天約0.1至約50 mg/kg,或約1.1至約25 mg/kg。
以利托那韋(ritonavir)較佳劑量型式而言,參見美國專利6,037,157,及本文所列舉之文獻:美國專利5,484,801,美國申請案08/402,690,及國際申請案WO 95/07696及WO 95/09614。
與本發明有關投藥可用作慢性或急性療法。與載劑物質相結合以產生單一劑量型式之活性成份之含量端視治療之宿主及特定投與模式而異。典型製備物將含有約5%至約95%之活性化合物(重量比)。較佳而言,此等製備物含有約20%至約80%之活性化合物。
當患者之狀況改良時,若需要可投與本發明之化合物、組合物或其之組合之維持劑量。隨後,投與之劑量或頻率,或兩者作為症狀之函數可降低至保持改良狀況之程度,其時當症狀已減輕至所需程度時,應停止治療。然而,當疾病之症狀有任何復發時,患者可要求長期基礎上之間歇治療。
應瞭解對於任一特定患者之特定劑量及治療方法將依賴於大量因素,包括所使用特定化合物之活性、年齡、體重、常規健康狀況、性別、飲食、投藥時間、排泄率、藥物組合及治療醫師之判斷,及被治療之特定疾病之嚴重性。活性組份之量亦將依賴於特定描述之化合物與該組合物中存在或缺乏之另外抗病毒劑及其性質。
根據另一實施例,本發明提供一種用於治療感染病毒之患者的方法,其特徵為藉由向該患者投與本發明之醫藥學上可接受之組合物而病毒編碼對於該病毒生命週期必需之NS3/4A絲胺酸蛋白酶。本發明之方法較佳用於治療患有HCV感染之患者。此治療可徹底消除病毒感染或降低其之嚴重性。該患者較佳為哺乳動物,該患者更佳為人。
本文之劑量較佳用於活體內。然而此並非欲為對用於任何目的之此等VX-950的量之使用的限制。在又一實施例中本發明提供一種預處理向患者投與之生物物質的方法,其包含以醫藥學上可接受之組合物接觸該生物物質的步驟,該醫藥學上可接受之組合物包含本發明之化合物。此等生物物質包括但不限於血液及其之組份諸如血漿、血小板、血細胞之亞群及類似組份;諸如腎臟、肝臟、心臟、肺等等之器官;精子及卵子;骨髓及其之組份,及其他將被灌輸入患者中的流體,諸如鹽水、右旋糖等。
本發明亦提供用於製備包含VX-950之組合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,及醫藥學上可接受之載劑、佐劑或媒劑之方法,其包含下列步驟:組合VX-950或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,及醫藥學上可接受之載劑、佐劑或媒劑,其中在該組合物中VX-950之劑量與本發明之任一實施例相一致。本發明之一替代實施例提供一種方法,其中該組合物包含如本文所描述之一或多種添加劑。
本發明亦提供一種治療方案,其包含以本文所揭示之劑量的VX-950或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。在本發明之一替代實施例中,該治療方案進一步包含如本文所描述之一或多種添加劑。
醫藥組合物亦可以"患者封包"形式開處方給患者,該"患者封包"在單一封包(通常為發泡封包)中含有整個治療過程。患者封包對傳統處方具有優勢,其中藥劑師將患者醫藥供應自大量供應中分開,因為患者總接近含於患者封包中之藥品說明插頁,其通常在傳統處方中缺
失。已展示包含藥品說明插頁可提高患者對醫師指示之順應性。
應瞭解藉由單一患者封包或各調配物之患者封包的方式投與本發明之組合物,在封包內含有指示患者正確使用本發明之藥品說明插頁係本發明之所需附加特徵。
根據本發明之另一態樣係一種封包,其包含至少VX-950(以根據本發明之劑量計)及含有關於說明使用本發明之組合物之資訊插頁。本發明之任一組合物、劑量型式、治療方法或其他實施例可在醫藥封包中呈出。在本發明之替代實施例中,該醫藥封包進一步包含一或多種如本文所描述之添加劑。該添加劑或試劑可在同一封包或在獨立封包中提供。
本發明之另一態樣包括在HCV感染治療或在預防HCV感染中患者使用之封包套組(或在本發明之其他方法中使用),其包含:各醫藥組份之單一或複數個醫藥調配物;在儲存期間及投放之前容納該等醫藥調配物之容器;及用於以對治療或預防HCV感染有效之方式進行投與藥物之說明。
因此,本發明提供同時或順序投與VX-950之劑量的套組(及視情況之添加劑)。通常,此套組將包含(例如)各化合物之組合物及在醫藥學上可接受之載劑(且在一或複數個醫藥調配物中)中可選擇之添加劑,及同時或順序投藥之書面說明。
在另一實施例中,提供含有一或多種用於自我投與之劑量型式的封包套組;較佳密封之用於在儲存期間及使用之前容納劑量型式之容器;及用於患者進行藥物投與之說明。該說明通常寫於藥品說明插頁、標籤及/或在該套組之其他組份上,且劑量型式或型式如本文所述。每一劑量型式可個別保存,如每一劑量型式在金屬箔-塑料薄板之薄片中在個別單元或泡罩中與其他劑量型式隔離,或該劑量型式可保存於一單獨容器中,如在塑料瓶中。本發明之套組亦將通常包括用
於封包個別套組組份之構件,意即劑量型式、容器構件及書面使用說明。此等封包構件可採用紙板或紙盒、塑料或金屬箔等等之型式。
根據本發明之套組可體現本發明之任一態樣,諸如任一組合物、劑量型式、治療方案或醫藥封包。
根據本發明之封包及套組視情況地包含複數種組合物或劑量型式。因此,本發明中將包括含有一種組合物或多於一種之組合物之封包及套組。
儘管下文描繪並描述某些例示性實施例,但應瞭解本發明之化合物可根據上文大體描述之方法,使用一般熟習該項技術者通常使用之適當起始材料製備。
所列舉之所有文獻以引用的方式併入本文中
為更充分地理解本發明,下文闡明準備及測試實例。此等實例僅為說明之目的,並非理解為以任何方式限制本發明之範疇。
將含有C型肝炎病毒(HCV)複製子之細胞保持在含有10%之胎牛血清(FBS)、0.25 mg/ml之G418,與適當補充物之DMEM中(媒劑A)。
在第一天以胰蛋白酶:EDTA混合物處理複製子細胞單層,移出且接著將媒劑A稀釋為最終濃度100,000細胞/ml。將100 μl中10,000細胞裝入96孔組織培養板之每一孔,且在組織培養培育器中在37℃培養隔夜。
在第二天,將化合物(在100%之DMSO中)連續稀釋入含有2%之FBS,0.5%之DMSO具適當補充物之DMEM中(媒劑B)。遍及整個稀釋序列始終,DMSO之最終濃度保持在0.5%。
移出位於複製子細胞單層上之媒劑,且接著添加含有多種濃度之化合物的媒劑B。將無任何化合物之媒劑B作為無化合物控制添加
至其他孔。
用化合物或在媒劑B中之0.5%的DMSO在組織培養培育器中在37℃培育細胞,歷時48小時。48小時培育結束時,將媒劑移出,且以PBS清洗複製子細胞單層一次,並在RNA提取之前在-80℃儲存。
解凍具經處理之複製子細胞單層培養板,且將固定數量之其他RNA病毒,諸如牛濾過性痢疾病毒(BVDV)添加至每一孔之細胞中。將RNA萃取劑(諸如來自Rneasy套組之藥劑)立即添加至該等細胞中以避免RNA降解。根據製造商之說明以改進之提高的萃取效率及一致性萃取總RNA。最終,將包括HCV複製子RNA之總細胞RNA溶離,並在-80℃儲存直至進一步處理。
設定TaqMan實時RT-PCR定量檢定與兩組特定引子及探針。一種用於HCV,且另一種用於BVDV。將自經處理之HCV複製子細胞的總RNA萃取物添加至該PCR反應,用於同一PCR孔中HCV及BVDV RNA的定量化。基於每一孔之BVDV RNA的含量標記實驗失效並丟棄。根據在同一PCR板中進行之標準曲線計算每一孔中HCV RNA含量。使用DMSO或無化合物控制作為0%之抑制計算由於化合物處理HCV RNA含量的抑制或下降率。自任一給定化合物之滴定曲線計算IC50(觀察到HCV RNA含量受到50%之抑制時的濃度)
在複製子檢定中證明VX-950之顯著活性。VX-950經展示具有IC50 240 ng/ml及IC90 476 ng/ml。
NH2-Glu-Asp-Val-Val-(alpha)Abu-Cys-Ser-Met-Ser-Tyr-COOH
20 mM 5AB之儲備溶液(或選擇之濃度)在DMSO w/0.2 M DTT(單
位重量之DMSO中含0.2 M DTT)中製成,將此儲備溶液在-20℃等分儲存。
緩衝液:50 mM HEPES,pH為7.8;20%之甘油;100 mM之NaCl。
總檢定體積為100 μL。
將緩衝液、KK4A、DTT及tNS3結合;將78 μL之每一者分佈至96孔板之孔中。將此在30℃培育5-10分鐘。
將測試化合物之合適濃度的2.5 μL溶液溶於DMSO(DMSO僅為控制)且添加至每一孔中。在室溫下將此培育15分鐘。
藉由添加20 μL 250 μM之5AB受質(25 μM濃度為對等於或略低於5AB之Km)開始反應。
在將此在30℃培育20分鐘。
藉由添加25 μL 10%之TFA終止反應。
將120 μL等分溶液轉移至HPLC瓶。
藉由如下方法將SMSY產物自受質及KK4A分離:
儀器:Agilent 1100
除氣裝置G1322A
二元泵G1312A
自動取樣器G1313A
柱恆溫室G1316A
二極陣列偵測器G1315A
柱:Phenomenex Jupiter柱;5微米C18;300埃(angstrom);150x2 mm;P/O 00F-4053-B0
柱溫:40℃
注射體積:100 μL
溶劑A=HPLC級水+0.1% TFA(三氟乙酸)
溶劑B=HPLC級乙腈+0.1% TFA
停止時間:17分鐘
運行後時間:10分鐘
在隨機化、雙盲、安慰劑控制之單劑量增加研究中檢查VX-950。徵集到25名健康男性志願者。至少7天間隔中,每一對象接收多個單一劑量之VX-950,其中3劑量之VX-950增加劑量含量及1劑量為安慰劑。
評估25 mg至1250 mg之劑量。使用劑量增加方案,其結合加倍
劑量且將斐波納契數列(Fibonacci)劑量改進為在低劑量範圍內主動且在高劑量範圍內保守。
在所有劑量含量中VX-950耐受性均良好,且在研究期間無嚴重不利情況報道。隨劑量含量之增加似乎並不存在不利情況之增加。
使用統計矩方法執行藥物動力學分析。圖1A及圖1B說明平均濃度時間分佈。經選擇獲得之藥物動力學參數於圖2A-2D中描繪。藥物動力學分析展示VX-950以中值tmax 3小時被吸收。少於2%之VX-950在尿液中未經改變被消除,表明藥物主要經由新陳代謝途徑消除。
在感染病毒檢定中證明VX-950經證明IC50為196 ng/ml。
在24位健康對象及34位C型肝炎陽性對象中以隨機化的、安慰劑控制、多劑量、雙盲、劑量增加之方式研究檢查VX-950。
將健康對象分為3組,每組8位對象。在每組中,6位對象接收VX-950,且2位對象接收安慰劑。健康對象以450 mg、750 mg或1250 mg q8h給予VX-950,歷時連續5天。健康對象之年齡在18歲至65歲(包括)之間,且為B型肝炎,C型肝炎及HIV陰性。男性體重指數為18.5至29.0 kg/m2(包括)。女性體重指數為18.5至32.5 kg/m2(包括)。
將C型肝炎(基因型1)陽性對象分為3組,每組12位對象。在每組中,10位對象接收VX-950,且2位對象接收安慰劑;在750 mg q8h組中,2位對象在給藥前退出,因此8位對象接收VX-950且2位接收安慰劑。HCV陽性對象以450 mg、或750 mg,q8h或1250 mg,q12h給予VX-950歷時連續14天。
在所有劑量含量中VX-950耐受性均良好,且在研究期間無嚴重不利情況報道;報道有溫和且適度不利情況。所有對象均完成該研
究。
在HCV陽性對象中,下文之對象的百分比為在安慰劑、450 mg q8h、750 mg q8h、及1250 mg q12h組中尚未治療者:分別為33.2%、10%、37.5%及30%。
HCV陽性對象治療後經測試監控返回至基線的HCV RNA含量。
按照下文製備口服劑量調配物。將VX-950及聚維酮K29/32溶解於二氯甲烷中,接著添加十二烷基硫酸鈉並將其分散於溶液中以形成均質懸浮液。使用入口溫度90℃及出口溫度56℃將此懸浮液噴霧乾燥,且自漩渦分離器收集產物。將該噴霧乾燥分散液以流化床在75℃乾燥歷時8小時。所得散劑放入玻璃瓶中預量測,且恰在給藥前將其懸浮於水中(30 mL)用於投與對象。與給藥相關聯,每一瓶以3部分獨立之水清洗,水之總體積為90 mL。
使用獲得自Roche molecular Diagnostics之Roche COBAS TaqMan HCV/HPS檢定完成HCV RNA之偵測。
藉由定量競爭性ELISA(ELItest® Neopterin,Brahms,Hennigsdorf,Germany)在預處理、第7天及第14天,繼續進行研究之第10天量測血清新喋呤濃度。較低偵測限(LLD)為2 nmol/l。
使用市售方法量測血清ALT。
本文所列舉之所有文獻,以引用的方式併入本文中。
當描述本發明之許多實施例時,顯而易見吾人可改變基本實例以提供利用本發明之化合物及方法之其他實施例。因此,應瞭解本發明之範疇由所附之專利申請範圍界定,而非由已以上文實例之方式呈出之特定實施例界定。
Claims (43)
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含:a)VX-950,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽:含量約300 mg至約1500 mg;含量約300 mg至約1250 mg;含量約450 mg;含量約750 mg;或含量約1250 mg;及b)醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
- 一種治療療程,其包含投與VX-950或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽:含量約300 mg至約1500 mg;含量約300 mg至約1250 mg;含量約450 mg;含量約750 mg;或含量約1250 mg;其中該含量係每天投與1次、2次或3次。
- 一種治療或預防C型肝炎病毒感染患者之方法,其包含投與該病患含量約300 mg至約1500 mg之VX-950或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項3之方法,其中該VX-950,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之含量約300 mg至約1250 mg。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該VX-950,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之含量約450 mg。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該VX-950,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽含量約750 mg。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該VX-950,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽含 量約1250 mg。
- 如請求項3至7中任一項之方法,其中VX-950之含量係一天投與一次。
- 如請求項3至7中任一項之方法,其中VX-950之含量係一天投與兩次。
- 如請求項3至7中任一項之方法,其中VX-950之含量係每天投與三次。
- 如請求項3至10中任一項之方法,其中該方法包含投與一額外藥劑,該額外藥劑係選自免疫調節劑;抗病毒劑;HCV NS3/4A蛋白酶之另一抑制劑;HCV生命週期中NS3/4A蛋白酶以外之靶點之抑制劑;內部核糖體入口之抑制劑;廣譜病毒抑制劑;另一細胞色素P-450抑制劑;或其組合物。
- 如請求項11之方法,其中該免疫調節劑為α-、β-、或γ-干擾素或胸腺素;該抗病毒劑為病毒唑(ribavirin)、三環癸胺(amatadine)、或汰比夫定(telbivudine);或HCV生命週期中另一靶點之抑制劑為HCV解螺旋酶、聚合酶或金屬蛋白酶之抑制劑。
- 一種製備如請求項1之組合物之方法。
- 一種醫藥封包,其包含如請求項1之組合物、用於實施如請求項2之治療療程之組合物或劑量型式,或用於實施如請求項3至12中任一項之方法的組合物或劑量型式。
- 一種套組,其包含如請求項1之組合物、用於實施如請求項2之治療療程之組合物或劑量型式,或用於實施如請求項3至12中任一項之方法的組合物或劑量型式。
- 如請求項13之封包或如請求項14之套組,其包含複數個如請求項1之組合物,複數個用於實施如請求項2之治療療程之組合物 或劑量型式,或複數個用於實施如請求項3至12中任一項之方法的組合物或劑量型式。
- 一種用於治療經感染C型肝炎病毒之患者之方法,其包含每天3次,每8小時1次投與該患者約750 mg含量之VX-950。
- 如請求項17之方法,其中該患者係感染基因型1型C型肝炎病毒。
- 一種用於治療經感染C型肝炎病毒之患者之方法,其包含投與該患者有效量之VX-950,以達到C型肝炎病毒RNA降低至少約2 log10。
- 一種用於治療經感染C型肝炎病毒之患者之方法,其包含投與該患者有效量之VX-950,以達到C型肝炎病毒RNA降低至少約4 log10。
- 一種用於治療經感染C型肝炎病毒之患者之方法,其包含投與該患者有效量之VX-950,以將C型肝炎病毒RNA降低至無法偵測之程度。
- 一種用於治療經感染C型肝炎病毒之患者之方法,其包含投與該患者有效量之VX-950,以達到忍受病毒反應。
- 一種方法,其係用於治療患者肝臟損壞、肝臟發炎、脂肪變性、脂肪肝、NAFLD、NASH、酒精性脂肪變性、或Reye氏綜合症,其包含投與該患者每天約1350 mg(例如每8小時約450 mg),每天約2250 mg(例如每8小時約750 mg)或每天約2500 mg(例如,每12小時約1250 mg)VX-950之含量。
- 一種用於患者肝臟保護之方法,其包含投與該患者每天約1350 mg(例如每8小時約450 mg),每天約2250 mg(例如每8小時約750 mg)或每天約2500 mg(例如,每12小時約1250 mg)VX-950之含量。
- 一種用於降低患者ALT含量之方法,其包含投與該患者VX-950。
- 一種用於將高ALT含量之患者之ALT含量正常化之方法,其包含投與該患者VX-950。
- 如請求項25或請求項26之方法,其中VX-950係以每天約1350 mg(例如每8小時約450 mg)、每天約2250 mg(例如每8小時約750 mg)或每天約2500 mg(例如,每12小時約1250 mg)VX-950之含量投與該患者。
- 如請求項23至27中任一項之方法,其中該患者經感染HCV。
- 如請求項23至27中任一項之方法,其中該患者未經感染HCV。
- 一種本發明之方法,其中VX-950係以如本文實例6中所揭示者調配。
- 一種用以將VX-950傳送至人之劑量型式,其中該劑量型式包含VX-950,該劑量型式於24小時期間至少投與一次時,可維持最低血漿VX-950含量至少約750 ng/mL超過24小時。
- 如請求項31之劑量型式,該劑量型式於24小時期間至少投與一次時,可維持最低血漿VX-950含量至少約800 ng/mL超過24小時。
- 如請求項32之劑量型式,該劑量型式於24小時期間至少投與一次時,可維持最低血漿VX-950含量至少約900 ng/mL超過24小時。
- 如請求項33之劑量型式,該劑量型式於24小時期間至少投與一次時,可維持最低血漿VX-950含量至少為約1000 ng/mL超過24小時。
- 一種用於治療感染HCV之患者之方法,其係藉由於24小時期間投與至少一種包含VX-950之劑量型式,其中所投與該劑量型式 可維持最低血漿VX-950含量之最低值約750 ng/mL超過24小時。
- 如請求項35之方法,其中所投與該劑量型式可維持最低血漿VX-950含量之最低值為約800 ng/mL超過24小時。
- 如請求項36之方法,其中所投與該劑量型式可維持最低血漿VX-950含量之最低值為約900 ng/mL超過24小時。
- 如請求項37之方法,其中所投與該劑量型式可維持最低血漿VX-950含量之最低值為約1000 ng/mL超過24小時。
- 一種用於治療感染HCV之患者之方法,其係藉由於24小時期間投與至少一種包含VX-950之劑量型式,以達到VX-950之治療有效性血漿濃度,其中最低VX-950含量可維持在最低值為約750 ng/mL超過24小時。
- 一種將VX-950供予有其需要之人之方法,該方法包含投與該人口服劑量之包含VX-950之組合物,其中該劑量在投與後可提供該人至少約750 ng/mL之VX-950的平均血漿濃度(Cave)。
- 如請求項40之方法,其中具有至少約750 ng/mL之平均血漿濃度(Cave)係在投與後3小時內獲得/達到。
- 如請求項41之方法,其中具有至少約750 ng/mL之平均血漿濃度(Cave)可維持超過12週。
- 如請求項31至42中任一項之方法,其中該劑量含有約750 mg之VX-950。
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-
2005
- 2005-10-28 MY MYPI20055106A patent/MY141025A/en unknown
- 2005-10-28 TW TW103100886A patent/TW201424733A/zh unknown
- 2005-10-28 TW TW094137981A patent/TWI437990B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-10-31 RU RU2007119725/14A patent/RU2393863C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-10-31 MX MX2007005179A patent/MX2007005179A/es unknown
- 2005-10-31 WO PCT/US2005/039240 patent/WO2006050250A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-10-31 KR KR1020137009594A patent/KR20130063022A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2005-10-31 AU AU2005302361A patent/AU2005302361B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-10-31 CN CN2012104136092A patent/CN102988365A/zh active Pending
- 2005-10-31 KR KR1020077012147A patent/KR20070085547A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2005-10-31 JP JP2007539241A patent/JP2008518943A/ja active Pending
- 2005-10-31 CA CA002585647A patent/CA2585647A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-31 EP EP05815054A patent/EP1819336A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-10-31 EP EP11184992A patent/EP2500021A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-10-31 US US11/264,746 patent/US8431615B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2007
- 2007-04-29 IL IL182847A patent/IL182847A0/en unknown
- 2007-05-29 NO NO20072733A patent/NO20072733L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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2013
- 2013-01-09 JP JP2013001638A patent/JP2013060474A/ja active Pending
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| US8431615B2 (en) | 2013-04-30 |
| MX2007005179A (es) | 2008-03-06 |
| EP1819336A2 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
| EP2500021A1 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
| WO2006050250A3 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
| NO20072733L (no) | 2007-05-29 |
| KR20130063022A (ko) | 2013-06-13 |
| IL182847A0 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
| US20060105978A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
| WO2006050250A2 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
| TW200630093A (en) | 2006-09-01 |
| RU2007119725A (ru) | 2008-12-20 |
| JP2008518943A (ja) | 2008-06-05 |
| TWI437990B (zh) | 2014-05-21 |
| JP2013060474A (ja) | 2013-04-04 |
| AU2005302361B2 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
| KR20070085547A (ko) | 2007-08-27 |
| CN102988365A (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
| CA2585647A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
| RU2393863C2 (ru) | 2010-07-10 |
| AU2005302361A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
| MY141025A (en) | 2010-02-25 |
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