TW201406907A - 用於黏合薄黏膠層之方法 - Google Patents
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- TW201406907A TW201406907A TW102126798A TW102126798A TW201406907A TW 201406907 A TW201406907 A TW 201406907A TW 102126798 A TW102126798 A TW 102126798A TW 102126798 A TW102126798 A TW 102126798A TW 201406907 A TW201406907 A TW 201406907A
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種用於黏合撓性基板之方法,該黏合黏膠層被具體薄膜化。本發明進一步係關於一種複合基板,該兩片基板係藉由一撓性薄黏膠層被黏合。
Description
本發明係關於一種用於黏合撓性基板之方法,該黏合黏膠層被具體薄膜化。本發明進一步係關於一種複合基板,該兩片基板係藉由一撓性薄黏膠層被黏合。
DE 10 2005 028 661揭示一種由熱塑材料連續製造雙層膜之方法。此係指由相同材料所製成之一厚薄膜及一第二薄薄膜。以預設比例加熱該雙層膜而使表面變軟而溶解。然後接著立刻被相互黏合。但是並未敘述黏膠於黏合材料之用途。
EP 1 465 959敘述一種於成形裝置(shaped element)上層合薄膜之方法,一反應型聚胺酯熱熔膠係被塗佈於薄膜表面。然後以熱活化該薄膜,以及黏合至該成形裝置。
EP 0 659 829敘述積層膜至載體基板之黏合,從兩片不同薄膜層藉由層合與沖壓,合併利用砑光輥加熱以製造多層膜。這些雙層裝飾薄膜藉由冷凝膠被層合於一塑料型材載面。
DE 44 19 414 A1敘述一種用於製造具有塑膠膜紙張之方法,先將塑膠膜塗上層合劑然後將該紙張層疊於塑膠膜上,例如於施壓之過膠機內。該塑膠膜可特別是由聚丙烯或聚酯,即熱塑材料所製成。根據示範性具體實施例,該層合劑之施用量為3至8g/m2之間。例如,在單或雙
組分黏膠內可使用水分散型黏合劑、樹脂或熱熔膠、含溶劑或無溶劑黏膠。若使用水分散體作為層合劑時,利用熱處理以蒸發紙張內過量水份。此熱處理係於層合之後,並且緊接於黏合前、期間或之後不軟化該塑膠膜。其並未敘述先將黏膠塗佈於紙上,然後施予經加熱熱塑性材料之方法。
DE 10 2005 023 280 A1敘述一種可拆卸握持物件之膠膜。該膠膜包含兩層可利用高分子黏合劑接合之聚合物基薄膜層。該薄膜可由熱塑性材料所製成。然而,唯獨該聚合物薄膜具有適合相互協調之特殊性質。這些性質包括,例如不同伸展能力、不同剝離能力、封阻個別未密封能力,以及不同維卡(Vicat)軟化溫度。聚合物黏接層之層厚度最佳為0.5至5μm,尤指1至3μm。並未敘述製造該積層板之方法。
DE 10 2009 045 395 A1敘述載體層塗佈膠黏劑所製成之雙面膠帶。該載體層係一種由至少兩層薄膜層以層合黏膠層相互黏合之積層板。該薄膜係由可擠壓或可澆鑄聚合物所製成。為達到較佳化學固定,其以物理及/或化學方法較佳,例如藉由利用電暈(corona)、電漿或火焰之處理,以及亦可藉由蝕刻或藉由化學引物或紫外光引發劑之處理。層壓黏著劑之層厚度為至少2μm(約2g/m2),較佳為至少3μm(約3g/m2),但亦可更厚,特別指超過10μm(約10g/m2),超過50μm(約50g/m2),或甚至超過100μm(約100g/m2)。示範性具體實施例所敘述載體層分別為兩層以至少5g/m2紫外線固化層壓黏著劑相互黏合之電暈預處理PET膜所製成。為了製造載體層,兩層薄膜以刮刀將黏膠塗上其中一層,層合於另一薄膜層上,以及在紫外線下相互黏合該薄膜。未敘述緊接著於黏合前、期間或之後以熱處理軟化該塑膠膜。
製造無黏膠層相互黏合薄膜之方法已為人所習知。在本文中需要一種精選薄膜材料,以及一種對應協調法流程。為了達到對應附著鍵結,被黏合之表面和基板材料必需能相互協調。此外已知可施予撓性薄膜基板於固態塑膠或金屬基板上。此可利用黏膠,但是此時施予足夠厚黏膠層較為有用。
當使用具有粗糙表面之基板時,必需塗佈可完全覆蓋表面之大量黏膠。完全覆蓋黏膠為其唯一前題。應避免因水、氣候或其他因素所造成之剝離。產生氣泡通常為其有關缺陷之證據。此類可視缺陷並不符合要求。基於此理由而必需施用大量黏膠已為人所習知。
當黏合撓性基板時,在一方面已知該黏膠層必需確保完全被覆蓋黏接。然而,另一方面,該黏膠層不能太厚而可使膠結複合基板具有撓性。此將導致黏合之龜裂和剝離。此外,為了許多目的必需不能察覺出薄膜基板間之黏膠層。
因此,本發明之目的係尋找一種可被膠黏於不同基板上之方法,例如固體基板或撓性基板。在本發明中僅需塗抹少量黏膠。亦必需確保其能完全覆蓋黏接。本發明方法之進一步態樣係藉由方法程序,加速所形成複合基板之進一步加工而達到迅速黏合之目的。
藉由用於黏合兩個基板之方法可達到此目的,該黏膠施用於基板上之塗佈量為少於2g/m2,該基板被貼附至由熱塑材料所製成之第二薄膜狀基板,該第二基板之表面藉由加熱被轉變成軟化狀態,以及於施壓前、期間及/或緊接之後將該基板相互黏合。
可使用複數種不同材料作為用於根據本發明方法之基板。其可為固體材料,例如木質材料;金屬,例如鋁、鐵或鋅;熱固性塑膠或熱塑性材料例如聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、聚酯或聚醯胺;有機聚合物例如玻璃紙(cellophane);紙張、紙板或其他材料;但撓性薄膜狀材料亦可被用作為第一基板。可選用多層基板;該基板可被塗覆以,例如金屬、氧化物或塑料塗料、壓印、著色或化學修飾。此類材料適合作為,例如第一基板。然而,亦可選擇適合作為第二基板之材料所製成之基板。
適合作為第二基板之撓性薄膜材料為,例如薄膜型熱塑性材料所製成者,舉例如聚烯烴如聚乙烯(LDPE、LLDPE、茂金屬催化PE、HDPE)或聚丙烯(PP、CPP、OPP);聚氯乙烯(PVC);乙烯共聚物如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物(EMA)、EMMA、EAA、聚酯;PLA、聚醯胺或離子體(ionomers)如乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物。亦可修飾該薄膜材料,例如藉由以官能基修飾該塑膠表面;或附加成分,例如薄膜內可含有顏料、染料。這些熱塑性材料一般具有低於200℃,特別指低於150℃之軟化點(藉由DSC測得)。複合基板亦適合作為第二基板,其提供熱塑性塗覆之被黏合表面。這些薄膜可被著色,無色或整體呈透明狀。聚烯烴和其他乙烯共聚物特別適合作為聚合物。「撓性薄膜」通常為薄、網狀基板,其已知為例如作為包裝薄膜、裝飾薄膜、帶,或類似形狀。
軟化點為可根據DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2011標準於10K/分鐘加熱速率可被測定之熔點(峰值熔化溫度Tpm)。
基板表面可進行預處理。清潔塑膠表面,以及於黏合前視需
要可進行物理、化學,或電化學預處理。
根據本發明之程序,將黏膠塗佈於第一基板上。可利用已知方法施用該黏膠,例如噴霧、葉柵、滾塗、印刷,或其他已知方法。根據本發明該黏膠係被施以薄層厚度。此基板可為一固體基板;其可同樣為一薄膜狀撓性基板。被塗佈之黏膠可適用於黏合所需。若使用水性黏合劑時,必需從表面清除水氣。若選擇含溶劑黏膠時,其表面對其所含溶劑必需具有安定性。若選擇使用熱熔膠時,該表面對可能供熱不應造成負面影響。反應性黏著劑,如適用時,可改善其對基板之黏性。若使用交聯輻射黏膠時,為使其進行交聯,較佳為於接合基板之前照射該黏膠層。
該方法程序若需要時可包括用於適合該黏膠之對應措施,例如乾燥區、加熱區,或其他配套措施。在施用適當黏膠於第一基板上之後,使第二基板貼附於第一基板以及將其黏合。
根據本發明必需於緊接著接合至基板之前或同時或之後加熱第二基板之被黏合表面。該加熱方法較佳為僅加熱其表面;若可能時避免影響第二基板之力學性質。可直接於被黏合表面進行加熱,但亦可使用非接觸性加熱法。
用於加熱基板之方法已為人所習知。其可例如藉由發熱物體之加熱如將加熱輥導向該基板而完成。另一具體實施例為藉由於其上通過熱氣以加熱表面,其可為火烤、電漿處理。進一步具體實施例係利用射頻區、微波區,特別指紅外線(IR)或近紅外線(NIR)之電磁輻射。進一步具體實施例係利用超音波之加熱。用於加熱表面之儀器基本上已為本領域技術者所習知。
加熱時較佳為迅速被加熱以及僅加熱被黏合表面之區域。儘可能確保不影響或損害該第二基板之力學性質。更可於第二基板之背側提供支撐以維持其形狀。在第一具體實施例中,將兩塊基板貼合以及於加熱後立刻進行黏合。為確保第二基板之表面於加熱後及基板黏合前不冷卻過快,該基板較佳為於第二基板加熱後應在10秒內進行貼合,更佳為在1秒內,最佳為在0.1秒內。
尤其是當利用超音波加熱時,其較佳為將兩片基板先貼靠一起,然後加熱整片薄膜基板之黏合表面。加熱時機係於貼靠該基板之後以及黏膠仍未固化時。其最長等待加熱時間視所使用之黏膠而定。然而,較佳為貼靠兩片基板後在1小時內進行加熱,更佳為在10分鐘內,最佳為在1秒內。
在進一步具體實施例中,已藉由壓力使欲黏合基板貼靠一起,同時藉由加熱使欲被黏合之第二基板表面呈軟化狀態。
表面之加熱溫度較佳為相當於約該熱塑性基板之軟化溫度。例如,該第二基板表面較佳為被加熱至聚合物表面軟化溫度(藉由DSC測軟化溫度)±40℃範圍內之溫度,更佳為在±20℃。在此溫度之下,該基板表面變軟以及在壓力下變成可流動或變形。本領域技術者已知聚合物具有窄軟化點,如熔點,但是軟化範圍亦可存在軟化狀態下之材料內。
在一較佳具體實施例中,該第一基板不擬呈現其於加熱溫度下之熱塑性表面。因此該第一基板之表面於加熱溫度下不被軟化。此時可選擇非熱塑性基板作為其第一基板,或者使用具有較高軟化溫度之熱塑性基板。
在不拘泥於任何理論之下,已認為藉由加熱以及壓合具有黏膠之第一基板表面可減少基板表面粗糙度。因而可獲得厚度極薄之塗佈黏膠基板層。可認為該表面已變得平滑,而使其用於黏合時僅需要較少黏膠。
該黏膠之塗佈量可少於2g/m2,較佳為少於1g/m2,更佳為少於0.5g/m2。在上述這些黏膠塗佈量之範圍而言,較佳為多於0.05g/m2,更佳為0.2g/m2以上。根據基板表面之不規則表面粗糙度選擇最適施用量。不規則表面導因於,例如,決定於印刷於基板表面之印刷圖案以及油墨施用量。在壓力下進行黏合可使其即使在少量黏膠下仍可達到平坦化之目的。
可運用貼靠和黏合基板之一般儀器。例如,可使用沖孔機、輥、滾筒、平板貼合基板,特別指藉由壓合或滾動互靠基板。當利用滾筒靠合時施予基板上之壓力可為,例如介於0.2和15bar之間。在用於黏合兩片薄膜基板之特定具體實施例中,此類層合儀器已為本領域技術者所習知。
亦可藉由接觸加熱表面加熱該黏膠之薄膜層。此可使其更快速接合及更快產生交聯作用。
就根據本發明之方法而言,以液態方式從可用黏膠中選擇一種適合之黏膠。這些之中可使用水分散液、含溶劑非活性或活性黏膠、無溶劑液體或固體可熔性黏膠。其可為單組分系統或雙組分系統。
適當黏膠之實例為以熱塑性聚合物為基礎者例如聚胺基甲酸酯、EVA、聚丙烯酸酯;含溶劑黏膠例如丙烯酸酯黏合劑、單或雙組分聚胺酯黏合劑;矽烷交聯黏合劑;反應性熱熔融膠例如單組分聚胺酯黏合劑;或無溶劑單或雙組分聚胺酯黏合劑;矽烷系統或輻射交聯黏合劑。
根據本發明之黏膠若具有低黏度將有其用處。適當黏度之黏
膠於塗佈時為,例如高至10,000mPas,較佳為高至5000mPas(以布氏黏度計ISO 2555:2000所測得)。其測量溫度係採用塗佈溫度。就於室溫下為液態之黏膠係於,例如20至40℃下進行測定;就熱熔膠之測定溫度而言為於100至150℃。更具黏性黏膠之測定亦可於,例如40至100℃。水性或含溶劑黏膠通常具有高至500mPas之低黏度,熱熔膠通常具有約1000mPas之黏度。
根據本發明之方法,可在寬廣範圍發生黏膠接合。當固體基板被黏合至薄膜狀基板時,該黏膠係被塗佈於固體基板上(預處理任選)。被塗覆之表面上,覆蓋具有熱塑性聚合物所製成表面之薄膜作為第二基板。加熱該熱塑性薄膜表面使後者之表面被軟化。藉由施予本文中膠黏之壓力,可確保於被黏合之熱塑性基板上獲得複數個平滑表面。未發現氣泡和脫層。另一具體實施例為以撓性第一基板其上被塗佈以薄層黏膠之操作。於該表面上同樣在壓力下覆蓋以第二薄膜基板,後者基板上含有熱塑性聚合物之表面層。此時同樣,加熱與接合第一基板以確保獲得第二基板具有極平滑表面。
可輔助其接合,例如藉由相同之壓力,如於壓力滾筒上施予0.2至16bar之壓力。利用極少之薄黏膠施用量,根據本發明可使黏合用之黏膠被完全覆蓋於基板。
本發明之主題亦係一種由第一基板、具有熱塑性聚合物表面之第二基板,以及置於其間之黏膠層所製成之複合基板,該黏膠較佳為具有從0.05至2μm之厚度。可藉由塗佈於該區域上黏膠之重量,例如從0.05至2g/m2,測定其層厚度。該第一基板可為一剛性或固體基板,例如由不同材料所製成之成形裝置。其僅具有低表面粗糙度。在進一步具體實施例中,
該第一基板可由撓性基板所製成,此撓性基板之材料和性質係變動於廣泛限制範圍內。其亦可為與第二基板相同之材料,但是特別指兩種不同基板。該第一基板亦可視需要被加工或壓印。第一基板之表面並不受塗佈薄黏膠層之影響。施用黏膠選擇可能含水量或有機溶劑,或低熱含量而使其實質上不影響第一基板之表面。
選擇至少一被黏合表面係由熱塑性聚合物所製成基板作為根據本發明複合物件之第二基板。此可為一單層薄膜,但亦可使用多層薄膜。藉由黏合和壓合該兩種不同基板可獲得根據本發明之複合基板。
根據本發明之複合基板對黏合個別基板呈現高強度。黏膠層之薄膜層厚度可確保黏膠具有高黏著性。該基板之薄膜層厚度進一步可改善黏膠層之撓性。根據本發明之複合基板因而對彈性變形呈現高度穩定性。
根據本發明方法及以其所製造複合元件之進一步優點為其表面產生極低可視變化。此種極薄之黏膠層導致無色外觀。該複合物件之視覺性質被改善或保持。
根據本發明方法之進一步優點為於製造過程中具有低度應力。由於適用作為根據本發明黏膠之低濃度溶劑或水,或低熱含量,因此不會損害不同基板之性質。例如,低水含量有利其用於紙質基板。撇開工業衛生不談,低量溶劑亦有利於對溶劑敏感之基板。由於薄膜層之厚度,第一基板之表面於塗佈熱熔膠時亦承受極低熱應力。此外,第二基板之短暫加熱對第一基板亦不會造成任何應力。
根據本發明之方法由於僅需使用少量之黏膠,因此可被用作為黏合多層複合元件之方法。因而可獲得改良之黏合基板。
黏膠1(異氰酸酯封端聚酯型聚胺酯)
使由芳香族和脂肪族二羧酸和聚亞烷基二醇所構成聚酯多元醇與過量之4,4'-MDI反應。
該黏膠具有3.4wt%以固體異酸酯基為主之異氰酸酯含量。
固體:根據黏膠1之50wt%乙酸乙酯;黏度:140mPas(布氏LVT於20℃,轉軸2,30rpm剪切率,ISO 2555)
黏膠2
根據實例1之方法製造聚酯預聚物。
該黏膠具有4.0wt%以固體異酸酯基為主之異氰酸酯含量。
固體:根據黏膠2之60wt%乙酸乙酯;黏度:300mPas(布氏LVT於20℃,轉軸2,30rpm剪切率,ISO 2555)
基板1:PET薄膜,12μm
基板2:LLDPE薄膜,60μm(熔點114℃,根據DIN EN ISO 11357-3:2011之DSC,加熱速率為10K/分鐘)
用於黏合之方法
方法1:以刮刀將黏膠塗佈於基板1上
以紅外線輻射計(波長1.5 to 1.8μm,距離為10cm)加熱基板2。
之後立即以手工黏合該基板。
方法2:利用篩網滾子以10m/分鐘捲繞速度將稀釋黏膠(約10wt%固體比例)機械性塗佈於基板1上。
於三區乾燥機內移除溶劑。
以60℃之壓合裝置進行黏膠接合。
從基板1距離5mm以超音波(20kHz)處理複合材。
方法3:利用篩網滾子以10m/分鐘捲繞速度將稀釋黏膠(約
10wt%固體比例)機械性塗佈於基板1上。
於三區乾燥機內移除溶劑。
沿著運轉方向在1m距離以紅外線輻射40kW(請看上文)加熱基板2。
以60℃之壓合裝置進行黏膠接合。
藉由以溶劑清潔之秤重膜測量塗覆重量以及黏合薄膜。
根據DIN 53278,2 x 90°測量黏結黏性(於15-mm寬帶上進行剝離試驗,100mm/分鐘)。
根據DIN 53278,2 x 90°測量封阻黏性(於15-mm寬帶上進行剝離試驗,100mm/分鐘)。
煮沸試驗:於老化4天之後進行沸水內黏合樣本之煮沸試驗。基於此,先將樣本切割成塊(30cm x 16cm)然後折疊,以便LLDPE沿其長邊貼靠放置於一半疊合處(15cm x 16cm)。密封兩個短邊(15cm),利用具有雙加熱密封顎之桌上型實驗室密封機在50N/cm2壓力下於150℃之1cm寬度加熱1秒鐘。囊袋(pouch)開口於一邊而可充填入100ml水,以及如上述同樣以1cm寬度密封該開口邊(16cm長)。然後將該封囊於沸水內加熱30分鐘。
實驗結果:
基板2經熱處理以及兩片薄膜被相互黏合之積層板,其在外
觀上全部無瑕疪(透明,無氣泡)。
這些黏合薄膜在煮沸之後仍然緊固接合而無脫層現象。黏結黏性仍保持不變(剝離試驗中之材料撕裂)。
加熱基板2但無黏膠之積層板呈現無黏結黏性。
已黏合薄膜但未加熱基板2之積層板呈現低或無黏結黏性。
進一步觀察未加熱基板2所製成積層板可能產生之外觀上缺陷。黏膠之施予量越少,越容易產生這些缺陷。
Claims (12)
- 一種用於黏合兩個基板之方法,該黏膠於第一基板上之塗佈量為少於2g/m2,該基板被貼附至由熱塑材料所製成之第二薄膜狀基板,該第二基板之表面藉由加熱被轉變成軟化狀態,以及於施壓前、期間及/或緊接加熱之後將該基板相互黏合。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中該第二基板係一種具有軟化點低於200℃之塑膠膜。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第2項中任一項所述之方法,其中該黏膠係選自含溶劑、水性或無溶劑型之熱塑性黏合劑或交聯黏合劑。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中任一項所述之方法,其中利用電漿或激光處理、火焰、超音波、近紅外線輻射,或紅外線輻射進行加熱。
- 根據申請專利範圍第4項所述之方法,其中該加熱係緊接著黏接之前在壓力下進行。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第5項中任一項所述之方法,其中該加熱係從第二基板軟化點之±40℃,尤指±20℃之溫度範圍內進行。
- 根據申請專利範圍第6項所述之方法,其中該第一基板不具有於該加熱溫度之熱塑性表面。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項至第7項中任一項所述之方法,其中黏接雙薄膜形狀基板。
- 一種包含以黏接根據申請專利範圍第1項至第7項中任一項黏膠層所製成至少兩片基板之複合物件,其中該黏膠層之數量為少於2g/m2。
- 根據申請專利範圍第9項所述之複合物件,其中該黏膠層之數量為少 於1g/m2。
- 根據申請專利範圍第9項至第10項中任一項所述之複合物件,其中該第二基板係一種撓性熱塑性薄膜,以及該第一基板係選自紙張、金屬、塑膠,或多層基板。
- 根據申請專利範圍第9項至第11項中任一項所述之複合物件,其中該複合物件係一種撓性薄膜。
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| TWI745721B (zh) * | 2019-07-23 | 2021-11-11 | 凌巨科技股份有限公司 | 減少基板翹曲的方法 |
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| KR20150040988A (ko) | 2015-04-15 |
| CA2878995A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
| ES2745213T3 (es) | 2020-02-28 |
| CN104508019B (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
| US10934458B2 (en) | 2021-03-02 |
| AU2013298716B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
| EP2880084A1 (de) | 2015-06-10 |
| JP2015530425A (ja) | 2015-10-15 |
| EP2880084B1 (de) | 2019-07-17 |
| PT2880084T (pt) | 2019-08-21 |
| KR102216494B1 (ko) | 2021-02-16 |
| BR112015001829B1 (pt) | 2021-03-09 |
| RU2015106985A (ru) | 2016-09-20 |
| JP6408465B2 (ja) | 2018-10-17 |
| JP2018193561A (ja) | 2018-12-06 |
| EP3323846A1 (de) | 2018-05-23 |
| PL2880084T3 (pl) | 2020-01-31 |
| BR112015001829A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
| CN104508019A (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
| DK2880084T3 (da) | 2019-10-21 |
| RU2641734C2 (ru) | 2018-01-22 |
| MX373456B (es) | 2020-04-07 |
| MX2015001437A (es) | 2015-05-15 |
| US20150140307A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
| PH12015500191A1 (en) | 2015-04-06 |
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