TW201300401A - 免疫結合物、製備該免疫結合物之組合物及製備方法及用途 - Google Patents
免疫結合物、製備該免疫結合物之組合物及製備方法及用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係關於免疫結合物,其中式(I)之經磷酸酯基前藥化之DNA小溝接合劑係結合至抗體或抗體之抗原接合片段,其中X係可經親核性取代之離去基團;及可用於製備此等免疫結合物之化合物;及此等免疫結合物之用途。□
Description
本發明係關於治療性免疫結合物、可用於製備該等免疫結合物之組合物及製備及使用此等組合物及免疫結合物之方法。
天然產物CC-1065及多卡米星(duocarmycin)係接合至DNA之小溝之有效細胞毒性劑。其特徵在於稠合環丙基環(以下結構中之虛線框)因小溝內接合後誘導之構形變化而去穩定且在開環烷基化反應中與DNA腺嘌呤鹼基反應。對DNA之損害可能無法修補,從而導致細胞死亡。
該等天然產物之效能已刺激旨在研發用作抗癌藥物之類似物之研究。例如,參見Cacciari等人2000及Suckling 2004。(本文由第一作者或發明者及年號所引用文件之全部引文均列示於本說明書結尾處。此等所列示文件以引用方式併入本文中。)類似物具有稠合環丙基藥效團或其開環
(ring-opened,seco)等效物,如下文結構中所示,其中Ar代表通常為苯基或吡咯之芳香族環且X代表離去基團,例如Cl或Br。開環形式可藉由消除HX轉化成環丙基形式,此係可於活體外或活體內發生之過程。
儘管已知其他類型之DNA小溝接合化合物,但下文將使用術語「小溝接合劑」或「MGBA」來指具有稠合環丙基環或其開環形式之CC-1065/多卡米星型化合物。
免疫結合物係抗癌療法中在當前引起高度關注之領域。在免疫結合物中,藥物部分係結合(共價連接)至抗原由癌細胞獨特地表現或過度表現(「腫瘤相關抗原」)之抗體。在接合至其抗原時,抗體作為靶向劑用於將藥物部分以高特異性遞送至癌細胞。抗原可係癌細胞表面上之蛋白質。在抗體與抗原接合後,抗原-免疫結合物複合物經內在化並最終進入諸如溶酶體等泡囊體內部,其中藥物部分與抗體間之共價連接體解離,從而釋放藥物部分以發揮其細胞毒性效應。或者,腫瘤相關抗原可係由腫瘤細胞分泌至附近細胞外空間中者。
有利地,共價連接體經設計以便藉由普遍存在於溶酶體內部但不存在於血漿中之因子實現解離。一個此類因子係較低溶酶體pH,以便共價連接體可係諸如腙等酸敏感性基
團。另一此類因子通常係較高細胞內濃度之麩胱甘肽,從而允許藉由二硫化物交換機制解離二硫化物共價連接體。又一此類因子係存在諸如組織蛋白酶B等溶酶體酶,其可解離設計成較佳受質之肽基連接體(Dubowchik等人2002)。
MGBA之效能使其成為免疫結合物中藥物部分之有吸引力之候選物。與MGBA及其在免疫結合物中之用途有關之闡釋性揭示內容包括:Boyd等人2008及2010;Chen等人2010;Gangwar等人2008;Ng等人2002、2006a、2006b、2009a、2009b及2010;及Sufi等人2010。
存在偶然解離共價連接體之可能性,而免疫結合物仍處於全身循環且尚未遞送至目標癌細胞,從而導致過早釋放藥物部分並構成全身性毒性之風險。此風險在藥物部分係諸如MGBA等高度有效之細胞毒素時尤其令人擔憂。然而,倘若免疫結合物採用開環-MGBA,則可藉由對酚系羥基實施衍生化以阻斷向環丙基形式轉化來降低風險。然後,在偶然解離之事件中,所釋放者係無活性衍生化開環-MGBA。藉由選擇在溶酶體內部解離之衍生物,衍生物用作前藥化基團並提供安全係數:在釋放活性細胞毒素之前必須發生連接體及前藥化基團之兩次解離。
一個此類前藥化基團係胺基甲酸酯基,其可藉由溶酶體及/或細胞溶質羧基酯酶解離,如下文所示。(Ra及Rb代表一般基團。)關於與經胺基甲酸酯基前藥化之開環-MGBA免疫結合物有關之闡釋性揭示內容,參見Aristoff等人
1991;Boger等人1999;Boyd等人2008及2010;Chen等人2010;Gangwar等人2008;Kobayashi 1994;Ng等人2002、2006a、2006b、2009a、2009b及2010;Sufi等人2010;及Zhao等人2010。
可與開環-MGBA一起使用之另一前藥化基團係在溶酶體及/或細胞溶質內發現之磷酸酯基,在此情形下,解離酶係磷酸酶。與開環-MGBA中之磷酸酯基前藥化基團有關之闡釋性揭示內容包括Boyd等人2010;Chen等人2009;Glazier 2003;King等人2011;Kutyavin等人1997;Ng等人2002;Zhao等人2002a及2002b;及Zhao等人2010。
已經廣泛研究之MGBA化合物具有結構(A)(Boyd等人2008及Sufi等人2010)。其具有胺基甲酸酯基前藥化基團;纈胺酸-瓜胺酸(Val-Cit,以N至C方向、即自胺基(NH2)末端至羧基(CO2H)末端列舉)二肽連接體,其經設計以藉由組織蛋白酶B解離(Dubowchik等人2002);及馬來醯亞胺基團,其用於藉由抗體巰基之Michael加成達成免疫結合。化合物(A)與抗CD70抗體之免疫結合物已經受臨床試驗。
吾人已觀察到,在一些情形下,經胺基甲酸酯基前藥化之開環-MGBA免疫結合物(例如源自化合物(A)者)並非如所期望有效之抗癌劑。吾人推測,較低效能可歸因於一些類型之癌細胞內部之不足羧基酯酶活性及因此無效去甲胺醯化。因此,期望研發活化不依賴於羧基酯酶之前藥化開環-MGBA免疫結合物。
在一個態樣中,本發明提供包含抗體(或其抗原接合片段)及經磷酸酯基前藥化之開環-MGBA化合物之免疫結合物。磷酸酯基前藥化基團之去除獨立於靶細胞內之羧基酯酶活性,由此避免上述缺陷。而是,本發明化合物依賴於磷酸酶,吾人之實驗顯示其以足夠量存在於一系列人類腫瘤細胞內。一個實施例係免疫結合物,其中式(I)化合物
(其中X係可經親核性取代之離去基團)或其醫藥上可接受之鹽於其-NH2基團處經由肽基連接體結合至抗體或此抗體之抗原接合片段。較佳地,抗體係人類單株抗體,其識別選自由以下組成之群之人類抗原:CD70、間皮素、PSMA、CD19、磷脂醯肌醇蛋白聚糖-3、B7H4、RG-1、CD22及PTK7。在另一態樣中,提供適於結合至抗體或其抗原接合片段之經磷酸酯基前藥化之開環-MGBA化合物。通常,此一化合物包含經磷酸酯基前藥化之開環-MGBA部
分、酶促可解離肽基連接體、間隔體部分及用於附接至抗體或其抗原接合片段之反應性官能團。一個實施例係由式(II)化合物代表
其中X係可經親核性取代之離去基團;AAa及每一AAb係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:丙胺酸、β-丙胺酸、γ-胺基丁酸、精胺酸、天冬醯胺、天冬胺酸、γ-羧基麩胺酸、瓜胺酸、半胱胺酸、麩胺酸、麩醯胺酸、甘胺酸、組胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸、離胺酸、甲硫胺酸、正白胺酸、正纈胺酸、鳥胺酸、苯丙胺酸、脯胺酸、絲胺酸、蘇胺酸、色胺酸、酪胺酸及纈胺酸;m係0、1、2、3、4或5;Y係間隔體部分;且Z係能夠結合至抗體之反應性官能團;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一態樣中,提供可用於製備免疫結合物之經磷酸酯基前藥化之化合物,如藉由式(I)化合物所體現:
其中X係可經親核性取代之離去基團;或其醫藥上可接受
之鹽。化合物(I)可與如上文所述肽基連接體、間隔體及反應性官能團組合且隨後結合至抗體或其抗原接合片段。
在又一態樣中,提供治療罹患癌症之個體(較佳人類)之此癌症之方法,包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明免疫結合物。癌症可係細胞表現選自由以下組成之群之抗原的癌症:CD70、間皮素、PSMA、CD19、磷脂醯肌醇蛋白聚糖-3、B7H4、RG-1、CD22及PTK7。可經如此治療之癌症之實例包括腎癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、淋巴瘤、結腸癌、間皮瘤、胃癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、腺癌、肝癌及乳癌。
在又一態樣中,提供本發明免疫結合物用於製備用以治療癌症之藥劑的用途。
「抗體」意指完整抗體及其任何抗原接合片段(即,「抗原接合部分」)或單鏈。完整抗體係包含由二硫鍵相互連接之至少兩條重(H)鏈及兩條輕(L)鏈的糖蛋白。每條重鏈包含重鏈可變區(VH)及包含三個結構域(CH1、CH2及CH3)之重鏈恆定區。每條輕鏈包含輕鏈可變區(VL或VK)及包含一個單一結構域CL之輕鏈恆定區。VH區及VL區可進一步細分成超變區(稱為互補決定區(CDR))及較為保守之框架區(FR),二者間雜排列。各VH及VL包含3個CDR及4個FR,其自胺基末端至羧基末端按下列順序排列:FR1、CDR1、FR2、CDR2、FR3、CDR3及FR4。可變區含有與抗原相互作用之接合結構域。恆定區可調介抗體與宿主組織或因子
之接合,該等組織或因子包括免疫系統之各種細胞(例如,效應細胞)及經典補體系統之第一組份(Clq)。若抗體以下列KD接合至抗原X,則認為該抗體「特異性接合」至抗原X:5×10-8 M或更小、更佳1×10-8 M或更小、更佳6×10-9 M或更小、更佳3×10-9 M或更小、甚至更佳2×10-9 M或更小。抗體可係嵌合抗體、人類化抗體或較佳人類抗體。重鏈恆定區可經改造以影響糖基化類型或程度,延長抗體半衰期,增強或降低與效應細胞或補體系統之相互作用,或調節某一其他性質。可藉由以下方式達成改造:替代、添加或缺失一或多個胺基酸或用來自另一免疫球蛋白類型之結構域替代結構域,或上述之組合。
「抗體片段」及抗體之「抗原接合部分」(或簡單地「抗體部分」)意指抗體之一或多個保持特異性接合抗原之能力的片段。已顯示,抗體之抗原接合功能可藉由全長抗體片段實施,例如(i)Fab片段,即由VL、VH、CL及CH1結構域組成之單價片段;(ii)F(ab')2片段,即包含兩個於鉸鏈區處藉由二硫橋鍵連接之Fab片段的二價片段;(iii)Fab'片段,其基本上係具有鉸鏈區之一部分之Fab(例如,參見Abbas等人,Cellular and Molecular Immunology,第6版,Saunders Elsevier 2007);(iv)Fd片段,其係由VH及CH1結構域組成;(V)Fv片段,其係由抗體單臂之VL及VH結構域組成;(vi)dAb片段(Ward等人,(1989)Nature 341:544-546),其係由VH結構域組成;(vii)經分離互補決定區(CDR);及(viii)奈米抗體,即含有單一可變結構域
及兩個恆定結構域之重鏈可變區。此外,儘管Fv片段的兩個結構域VL和VH係由單獨基因編碼,但其可使用重組方法藉由合成連接體來接合,該合成連接體能夠使其作為蛋白質單鏈(稱作單鏈Fv或scFv)製備,其中VL區與VH配對以形成單價分子;參見(例如)Bird等人,(1988)Science 242:423-426;及Huston等人(1988)Proc.Natl.Acad.Set USA 85:5879-5883)。術語抗體之「抗原接合部分」或「抗原接合片段」亦涵蓋此等單鏈抗體。
「經分離抗體」意指實質上不含具有不同抗原特異性之其他抗體的抗體(例如,特異性接合抗原X之經分離抗體實質上不含特異性接合與除抗原X以外之抗原之抗體)。然而,特異性接合抗原X之經分離抗體可與其他抗原(例如來自其他物種之抗原X分子)具有交叉反應性。在某些實施例中,經分離抗體特異性接合至人類抗原X且不與其他(非人類)抗原X抗原交叉反應。此外,經分離抗體可實質上不含其他細胞材料及/或化學品。
「單株抗體」或「單株抗體組合物」意指對特定表位展示單一接合特異性及親和力之單一分子組合物之抗體分子製劑。
「人類抗體」意指具有框架區與CDR區二者(及恆定區,若存在)均源自人類種系免疫球蛋白序列之可變區的抗體。人類抗體可包括後期修飾,包括天然或合成修飾。人類抗體可包括不由人類種系免疫球蛋白序列編碼之胺基酸殘基(例如,藉由活體外隨機誘變或位點特異性誘變或
藉由活體內體細胞突變引入之突變)。然而,「人類抗體」不包括源自另一哺乳動物物種(例如小鼠)種系之CDR序列已移植至人類框架序列上的抗體。
「人類單株抗體」意指具有框架區與CDR區二者均源自人類種系免疫球蛋白序列之可變區之展示單一接合特異性的抗體。在一個實施例中,人類單株抗體係藉由包括自轉基因非人類動物(例如轉基因小鼠)獲得之與永生細胞融合之B細胞之雜交瘤產生,該轉基因非人類動物具有包含人類重鏈轉基因及輕鏈轉基因之基因組。
除非明確指示特定立體異構物(例如,藉由結構式中相關立體中心處之粗體或虛線鍵,藉由在結構式中將雙鍵繪示為具有E或Z組態,或藉由使用立體化學指定命名),否則所有立體異構物均以純化合物以及其混合物形式包括在本發明範圍內。除非明確指示,否則本發明涵蓋所有其個別對映異構物、非對映異構物、幾何異構物及組合及混合物。
彼等熟習此項技術者應瞭解,化合物可具有等效於彼等於本文所用結構式中所繪示者之互變異構物形式(例如,酮形式及烯醇形式)、共振形式及兩性離子形式,且該等結構式涵蓋此等互變異構物形式、共振形式或兩性離子形式。
「醫藥上可接受之鹽」意指適於醫藥調配物之化合物之鹽。倘若化合物具有一或多個鹼性基團,則該鹽可係酸加成鹽,例如硫酸鹽、氫溴酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、馬
來酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、磷酸鹽、乙酸鹽、雙羥萘酸鹽(恩波酸鹽(embonate))、氫碘酸鹽、硝酸鹽、鹽酸鹽、乳酸鹽、甲基硫酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、乳糖酸鹽、辛二酸鹽、甲苯磺酸鹽及諸如此類。倘若化合物具有一或多個酸性基團,則該鹽可係諸如以下等鹽:鈣鹽、鉀鹽、鎂鹽、葡甲胺鹽、銨鹽、鋅鹽、六氫吡嗪鹽、胺丁三醇鹽、鋰鹽、膽鹼鹽、二乙胺鹽、4-苯基環己胺鹽、苄星鹽(benzathine salt)、鈉鹽、四甲基銨鹽及諸如此類。多形性結晶形式及溶劑合物亦涵蓋在本發明範圍內。就磷酸酯基而言,醫藥上可接受之鹽之具體實例包括鈉鹽、鉀鹽及銨鹽。
在一個態樣中,本發明組合物係免疫結合物,其中式(I)化合物
(其中X係可經親核性取代之離去基團)或其醫藥上可接受之鹽係經由肽基連接體結合至抗體或其抗原接合片段。結合較佳係經由其4-NH2基團進行。肽基連接體較佳係選自以下之二肽:Val-Cit、Phe-Cit、Phe-Lys、Val-Lys、Val-Glu、Val-Asp、Val-Ser及Val-Gly,每一二肽均以N至C方向列舉。
在一個實施例中,免疫結合物具有由式(IIIa)代表之結構
其中AAa、AAb、m及Y係如上文針對式(II)所定義,Ab代表抗體或抗體之抗原接合片段,且n係1、2、3、4或5;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。AAa、AAb、m、Y、Ab及n之較佳實施例及/或組合係如下文所述。
式(IIIa)之較佳免疫結合物具有式(IIIa')之結構
其中Ab及n係如上文所定義;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。因此,此實施例具有Val-Cit二肽連接體,其中彼等熟習此項技術者理解,在結構式(IIIa')中,當以左至右方向讀取時,二肽係以C至N取向繪製。
在另一實施例中,免疫結合物具有由式(IIIb)代表之結構
其中AAa、AAb、m及Y係如上文針對式(II)所定義,Ab代
表抗體或抗體之抗原接合片段,且n係1、2、3、4或5;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。AAa、AAb、m、Y、Ab及n之較佳實施例及/或組合係如下文所述。
式(IIIb)之較佳免疫結合物具有式(IIIb')之結構
其中Ab及n係如上文所定義;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
如藉由式(IIIa)、(IIIa')、(IIIb)及(IIIb')中之下標n所反映,每一抗體可與一個以上前藥化開環-MGBA部分結合,此取決於抗體可用於結合之位點數目及所用實驗條件。彼等熟習此項技術者應瞭解,儘管每一個別抗體結合至整數個前藥化部分,但可針對每一抗體之前藥化開環-MGBA部分之非整數比率(「取代比率」或「SR」)分析免疫結合物製劑,從而反映統計學平均值。SR較佳係介於1與5之間、更佳介於2.5與3.5之間。
本發明之另一態樣係由式(II)代表之適於結合至抗體之化合物
其中AAa、AAb、m、Y及Z係如先前所定義;或其醫藥上
可接受之鹽。AAa、AAb、m、Y及Z之較佳實施例及/或組合係如下文所述。
式(II)之較佳實施例具有式(IIa)之結構
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
式(II)之其他較佳實施例具有式(IIb)-(IIg)之結構:
在式(I)及(II)中,X係可經親核性取代之基團,較佳為Cl、Br或甲苯磺根,更佳為Cl。
在式(II)、(IIIa)及(IIIb)中,AAa及每一AAb係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:丙胺酸、β-丙胺酸、γ-胺基丁酸、精胺酸、天冬醯胺、天冬胺酸、γ-羧基麩胺酸、瓜胺酸(Cit)、半胱胺酸、麩胺酸、麩醯胺酸、甘胺酸、組胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸、離胺酸、甲硫胺酸、正白胺酸、正纈胺酸、鳥胺酸、苯丙胺酸、脯胺酸、絲胺酸、蘇胺酸、色胺酸、酪胺酸及纈胺酸。較佳地,AAa及AAb係選自由以下組成之群:精胺酸、天冬胺酸、瓜胺酸、麩胺酸、麩醯胺酸、甘胺酸、組胺酸、離胺酸、苯丙胺酸、絲胺酸、蘇
胺酸、色胺酸、酪胺酸及纈胺酸。
式(II)、(IIIa)及(IIIb)中之部分-AAa-[AAb]m-代表藉由肽鍵接合連續胺基酸之肽基連接體。其較佳係可藉由與靶細胞相關之細胞內或細胞外酶解離者。酶可係(例如)組織蛋白酶B、組織蛋白酶E、豆類天冬胺酸蛋白內切酶(legumain)或CD 10。肽基連接體較佳係由1至6個、更佳1至3個且最佳1至2個胺基酸組成。AAa較佳係Cit、Lys、Glu、Ser、Ile、Leu或Thr、更佳Cit或Lys,尤其當與m等於0、1或2組合時。
式(II)、(IIIa)及(IIIb)中之下標m係0、1、2、3、4或5。較佳地,m係0、1或2、更佳1。因此,根據m之值,-AAa-[AAb]m-代表單一胺基酸連接體、二肽連接體、三肽連接體及諸如此類,其中AAa係位於C末端處且AAb係位於N末端處。倘若m係1,則AAa與AAb組合形式二肽,較佳二肽係Val-Cit、Phe-Cit、Phe-Lys、Val-Lys、Val-Glu、Val-Asp、Val-Ser及Val-Gly,每一二肽均以習用N至C方向列舉。Val-Cit二肽連接體尤佳。倘若肽基連接體係由單一胺基酸(即m係0)組成,則其較佳係Cit、Glu、Lys或Ser,如Chen等人2010中所教示,其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。較佳地,上述二肽及單一肽連接體可藉由組織蛋白酶B解離。可用於解離肽基連接體之另一酶係豆類天冬胺酸蛋白內切酶,即優先於Ala-Ala-Asn處解離之溶酶體半胱胺酸蛋白酶。肽Leu-Ala-Leu及Leu-Ile經設計以分別藉由CD10及組織蛋白酶E解離。
式(II)、(IIIa)及(IIIb)中之間隔體Y在前藥化開環-MGBA與抗體(或其抗原接合片段)之間提供空間間隔,以防前者在空間上干擾藉由後者之抗原接合或後者在空間上干擾肽基連接體之解離。此外,可使用間隔體Y來賦予結合物增加之溶解度或降低之聚集性質。間隔體Y可包含一或多個可以任一組合數組裝之模組式區段。適於間隔體Y之區段之實例係:
及其組合,其中下標q在其每次出現時獨立地係0或1且下標r在其每次出現時獨立地係1至24、較佳2至4。該等區段可經組合,例如如以下所示:
間隔體Y較佳在其所鍵結之胺基酸AAa或AAb與反應性官能團Z之間提供5至20個原子、更佳5至15個原子之直鏈間隔。
在另一較佳實施例中,間隔體Y可視情況藉由直接附接至AAa或AAb之α-胺基之除羧醯基以外之基團連接至AAa或AAb。較佳地,間隔體Y可視情況經由間隔體Y中之亞甲基
連接至AAa或AAb之α-胺基。
在式(II)中,Z係能夠結合至抗體之反應性官能團。較佳地,-Z係-NH2、-OH、-ONH2(羥胺)、-CO2H、-SH、環辛炔基、疊氮基(-N3)、或。
更佳地,-Z係-ONH2、-SH、-N3,或。
-OH基團可經抗體上(例如)天冬胺酸或麩胺酸側鏈上之羧基酯化。
-CO2H基團可經抗體上之-OH基團酯化或經抗體上(例如離胺酸側鏈上)之胺基醯胺化。
馬來醯亞胺基團可在Michael加成反應中與抗體上之-SH基團(例如,來自半胱胺酸或來自引入巰基官能團之對抗體之化學修飾)結合。
N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺基團係在功能上經活化之羧基且可藉由與胺基(例如,來自離胺酸)之反應便利地醯胺化。
-SH基團在抗體已經修飾以向其中引入馬來醯亞胺基團之情況下在Michael加成反應(其係上述Michael加成反應之「鏡像」)中對於結合尤其有用。抗體可經4-(馬來醯亞胺甲基)-環己烷甲酸N-琥珀酸亞胺酯(SMCC)或其磺化變體磺基-SMCC修飾以具有馬來醯亞胺基團,此兩種試劑均購自
Sigma-Aldrich。
疊氮基及環辛炔基係可經由所謂的「鏈接化學(click chemistry)」實現結合之互補官能團,其中疊氮基加成至環辛炔之整個應變炔鍵上以形成1,2,3-三唑環。疊氮基可係式(II)化合物中之Z-基團且環辛炔基可位於抗體或其抗原接合片段上,或反之亦然。環辛炔基可藉由DIBO試劑(購自Invitrogen/Molecular Probes,Eugene,Oregon)提供。
可利用將非天然胺基酸引入抗體中之技術,其中非天然胺基酸提供用於與反應性官能團結合之官能團。例如,可將非天然胺基酸對乙醯基苯丙胺酸納入抗體中,如Tian等人,WO 2008/030612 A2(2008)所教示。對乙醯基苯丙胺酸中之酮基藉由與羥基胺基反應性官能團形成肟可係結合位點。亦可使用Ambrx公司(La Jolla,California)之ReCODETM技術納入其他非天然胺基酸。
在上述免疫結合物中,抗體較佳係針對腫瘤相關抗原之抗體,從而允許免疫結合物選擇性地或優先地靶向癌細胞。此等抗原之實例包括:間皮素、前列腺特異性膜抗原(PSMA)、CD19、CD22、CD30、CD70、B7H4(亦稱為08E)、蛋白質酪胺酸激酶7(PTK7)、磷脂醯肌醇蛋白聚糖-3、RG1、CTLA-4及CD44。抗體可係動物(例如,鼠類)抗體、嵌合抗體、人類化抗體或較佳人類抗體。抗體較佳係單株抗體、尤其單株人類抗體。針對一些上述抗原之人類單株抗體之製備揭示於以下專利中:Korman等人,US 2009/0074660 A1(B7H4);Rao-Naik等人,8,097,703 B2
(CD19);King等人,US 2010/0143368 A1(CD22);Keler等人,US 7,387,776 B2(2008)(CD30);Terrett等人,US 8,124,738 B2(CD70);Korman等人,US 6,984,720 B1(2006)(CTLA-4);Korman等人,US 2009/0217401 A1(PD-1);Huang等人,US 2009/0297438 A1及Cardarelli等人,US 7,875,278 B2(PSMA);Lu等人,US 2010/0034826 A1(PTK7);Terrett等人,US 2010/0209432(A1)(磷脂醯肌醇蛋白聚糖-3);Harkins等人,US 7,335,748 B2(2008)(RG1);Terrett等人,US 2011/0262448 A1(間皮素);及Xu等人,US 2010/0092484 A1(CD44);該等專利之揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。較佳地,抗體係針對CD70、間皮素、CD19、磷脂醯肌醇蛋白聚糖-3、B7H4、RG-1、CD22或PTK7之人類單株抗體。
本發明之另一態樣係式(I)之前藥化化合物
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中X係可經親核性取代之離去基團,其較佳係Cl、Br或甲苯磺酸根且更佳係Cl。式(I)化合物可藉由採用適當連接體、間隔體及反應性官能團結合至抗體或其抗原接合片段以製備治療上有用之免疫結合物,如上文所討論。X為Cl之式(I)之較佳實施例對應於式(Ia)之結構:
實施一系列細胞增殖實驗,其中比較自化合物(IIa)及先前技術化合物(A)製備之免疫結合物的能力。在每一情形下,所用技術係3H胸苷吸收之分析法,其程序細節提供於下文實例中。
由於免疫結合物相同(只是前藥化基團為磷酸酯基對胺基甲酸酯基)且在解離肽基連接體並去除前藥化基團後釋放相同式(IV)藥物,因此實驗提供前藥化基團對免疫結合物效能之效應的比較。該等併行(side-by-side)結果顯示,令人意外地,即使在每一情形中涉及相同最終活性化合物(IV),化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物亦比化合物(A)之免疫結合物顯著更有效。
圖4A顯示兩種免疫結合物對786-O細胞增殖之抑制活性,該等細胞係表現CD70之人類腎癌細胞。在每一情形下,結合抗體係抗CD70人類單株抗體2H5。化合物(IIa)免疫結合物不僅具有較低EC50(0.1000 nM對0.5725 nM),且亦具有較高總體抑制百分比,如藉由其抑制曲線之深度所證明。(抗體2H5之全長序列資訊揭示於Coccia等人2010及Terret等人2012b中;其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。抗體2H5之VH CDR1、CDR2及CDR3以及VK CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列分別以SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:5及SEQ ID NO:6給出。)
圖4B係相似研究,但使用HPAC細胞,其係表現間皮素之人類胰腺癌細胞。在每一情形下,結合抗體係抗間皮素人類單株抗體6A4。在此實驗中,製備取代比率為1.25及3之兩種不同化合物(IIa)結合物。(X軸上之細胞毒素濃度經調控以反映取代比率。)圖4B顯示,化合物(A)免疫結合物基本上無活性,而化合物(IIa)免疫結合物具有約毫微莫耳EC50。亦值得注意的是,較高取代比率化合物(IIa)免疫結合物顯示較高總體抑制百分比(較深曲線)。(抗體6A4之全長序列資訊揭示於Terrett等人2011b中,其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。抗體6A4之VH CDR1、CDR2及CDR3
以及VK CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列分別以SEQ ID NO:7、SEQ ID NO:8、SEQ ID NO:9、SEQ ID NO:10、SEQ ID NO:11及SEQ ID NO:12給出。)
圖4C係另一類似研究,此次使用CHO-間皮素細胞,其係經轉染以表現間皮素之中國倉鼠卵巢細胞。結合抗體再次係6A4。化合物(A)免疫結合物基本上無活性,而化合物(IIa)免疫結合物之EC50係約2 nM。
圖4D係又一類似研究,此次使用OVCAR3細胞,其係表現間皮素之人類卵巢癌細胞。結合抗體再次係6A4。化合物(IIa)免疫結合物之EC50係化合物(A)免疫結合物之EC50之約1/1000。
圖4E係又一類似研究,此次使用Ramos細胞,其係表現CD19之人類伯基特氏淋巴瘤細胞(Burkitt's lymphoma cell)。結合抗體係抗CD19人類單株抗體21D4。化合物(A)與(IIa)免疫結合物之間之差異再次顯著,其中前者基本上無活性,而後者具有亞毫微莫耳EC50。(抗體21D4之全長序列資訊揭示於King等人2010a及Rao-Naik等人2012中;其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。抗體21D4之VH CDR1、CDR2及CDR3以及VK CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列分別以SEQ ID NO:13、SEQ ID NO:14、SEQ ID NO:15、SEQ ID NO:16、SEQ ID NO:17及SEQ ID NO:18給出。)
圖4F係又一類似研究,此次使用NCI-H226(H226)細胞,其係表現間皮素之人類肺源性間皮瘤細胞。結合抗體再次係6A4。另外,作為同種型對照,使化合物(IIa)結合至2A10,其係人類單株抗體針對前列腺特異性膜抗原
(「PSMA」)。如所預計,PSMA免疫結合物具有極小活性或不具有活性,此乃因H226細胞不表現PSMA。化合物(A)免疫結合物具有類似低活性或不具有活性。相反,兩種化合物(IIa)免疫結合物各自具有亞毫微莫耳EC50。如在先前實例中,具有較高取代比率之免疫結合物展現較高總體增殖抑制百分比。(抗體2A10之全長序列資訊揭示於Huang等人2009及Cardarelli等人2011中;其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。抗體2A10之VH CDR1、CDR2及CDR3以及VK CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列分別以SEQ ID NO:19、SEQ ID NO:20、SEQ ID NO:21、SEQ ID NO:22、SEQ ID NO:23及SEQ ID NO:24給出。)
圖4G顯示抗間皮素抗體6A4與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物針對表現間皮素之N87人類胃癌細胞的活性。觀察亞毫微莫耳EC50。
圖4H顯示抗體6A4與化合物(IIa)以不同取代比率(SR)之免疫結合物針對表現間皮素之人類黏液表皮樣肺癌細胞之H292細胞的活性。使用抗PSMA抗體2A10與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物作為對照。EC50值顯示於下表I中。其顯示,當SR增加至約2或以上時效能顯著增加。
圖4I顯示與圖4H類似之研究,但針對H1650細胞,其係表現間皮素之人類腺癌細胞。EC50值提供於表II中。在高於約2之SR下再次觀察到效能激增。
圖4J及4K係針對兩種人類肝細胞癌細胞系Hep 3B及Hep G2之本發明免疫結合物之研究,此兩種細胞系均表現磷脂醯肌醇蛋白聚糖-3。比較單獨抗磷脂醯肌醇蛋白聚糖-3人類單株抗體4A6與當其結合至化合物(IIa)時之效能,以及抗CD70抗體2H5與化合物(IIa)之對照免疫結合物之效能。(Hep 3B與Hep G2細胞均不表現CD70。)結果顯示,4A6免疫結合物極有效,活性比對照CD70免疫結合物強約1000X。單獨抗磷脂醯肌醇蛋白聚糖-3抗體4A6無活性。(抗體4A6之序列資訊揭示於Terrett等人2010b中,其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。抗體4A6之VH CDR1、CDR2及CDR3以及VK CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列分別以SEQ ID NO:25、SEQ ID NO:26、SEQ ID NO:27、SEQ ID NO:28、SEQ ID NO:29及SEQ ID NO:30給出。)
圖4L、4M及4N係對抗B7H4人類單株抗體2A7與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物針對MDA-MB-468、HCC-1954及
OVCAR3細胞系之活性的研究。前兩者係人類乳癌細胞系,而第三者係人類卵巢癌細胞系,該等細胞系均表現B7H4但不表現CD70。使用抗PSMA抗體2A10與化合物IIa之免疫結合物作為對照。可自圖式發現,針對乳癌細胞系具有某一比活性,但針對OVCAR3細胞具有很小活性或沒有活性。(抗體2A7之全長序列資訊揭示於Korman等人2009及Terrett等人2011a中;其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。抗體2A7之VH CDR1、CDR2及CDR3以及VL CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列分別以SEQ ID NO:31、SEQ ID NO:32、SEQ ID NO:33、SEQ ID NO:34、SEQ ID NO:35及SEQ ID NO:36給出。)
圖4O係對抗PSMA人類單株抗體2A10及抗RG-1人類單株抗體19G9(每一者結合至化合物(IIa))之免疫結合物針對表現PSMA與RG-1二者之LNCap人類前列腺癌細胞之活性的研究。提供抗間皮素抗體6A4與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物之比較數據作為對照。可發現,PSMA結合物與RG-1結合物二者均有效,各自具有亞毫微莫耳EC50。(抗體19G9之全長序列資訊揭示於King等人2011中,其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。抗體19G9之VH CDR1、CDR2及CDR3以及VL CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列分別以SEQ ID NO:37、SEQ ID NO:38、SEQ ID NO:39、SEQ ID NO:40、SEQ ID NO:41及SEQ ID NO:42給出。)
圖4P係對抗CD19人類單株抗體21D4及抗CD22人類單株抗體12C5(每一者結合至化合物(IIa))之免疫結合物針對表
現CD19與CD22二者之Ramos細胞之活性的研究。提供抗間皮素抗體6A4及抗CD70抗體2H5化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物的比較數據。抗CD19免疫結合物及抗CD22免疫結合物二者均高度有效,每一者具有亞毫微莫耳EC50。(抗體12C5之全長序列資訊揭示於King等人2010b中,其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。抗體12C5之VH CDR1、CDR2及CDR3以及VK CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列分別以SEQ ID NO:43、SEQ ID NO:44、SEQ ID NO:45、SEQ ID NO:46、SEQ ID NO:47及SEQ ID NO:48給出。)
圖4Q顯示抗PTK7人類單株抗體4D5與化合物IIa之免疫結合物針對人類結腸癌細胞HCT116細胞之活性。免疫結合物之EC50係1.87 nM,而抗PSMA抗體2A10之對照免疫結合物之有效性低得多,其中EC50為951 nM。(抗體4D5之全長序列資訊揭示於Terrett等人2010a及Terrett等人2012a中;其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。抗體4D5之VH CDR1、CDR2及CDR3以及VK CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列分別以SEQ ID NO:49、SEQ ID NO:50、SEQ ID NO:51、SEQ ID NO:52、SEQ ID NO:53及SEQ ID NO:54給出。)
圖4R顯示上述抗PTK7抗體4D5之免疫結合物針對人類肺鱗狀細胞癌細胞H520細胞之活性。PTK7免疫結合物之EC50係0.224 nM,而對照PSMA免疫結合物之有效性再次低得多,其中EC50為61.6 nM。
上述結果顯示,令人意外地,前藥化基團-磷酸酯基對胺基甲酸酯基之性質在原本相同之免疫結合物之效能中起
重要作用。不受理論限制,吾人假設,不同人類細胞(包括癌細胞)含有不同含量之羧基酯酶且許多(若非多數)含有不足羧基酯酶含量以致不能以有效方式解離胺基甲酸酯基前藥化基團。然而,具有磷酸酯基團之免疫結合物前藥不會受此一問題困擾,此乃因據推斷,在多數(若非全部)細胞中,磷酸酶活性程度對於有效解離磷酸酯基而言化學足夠高的。
本發明免疫結合物可用於治療諸如(但不限於)過度增殖性疾病等疾病,包括:頭頸癌,包括頭部腫瘤、頸部腫瘤、鼻腔腫瘤、副鼻竇腫瘤、鼻咽腫瘤、口腔腫瘤、口咽腫瘤、喉部腫瘤、下嚥部腫瘤、唾液腺腫瘤及副神經節瘤;肝癌及膽管樹癌,特定而言肝細胞癌;腸癌,特定而言結腸直腸癌;卵巢癌;小細胞及非小細胞肺癌(SCLC及NSCLC);乳癌肉瘤,例如纖維肉瘤、惡性纖維組織細胞瘤、胚胎型橫紋肌肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、神經纖維肉瘤、骨肉瘤、滑膜肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤及軟組織肺泡狀肉瘤;白血病,例如急性前髓細胞性白血病(APL)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、急性淋巴胚細胞白血病(ALL)及慢性骨髓性白血病(CML);中樞神經系統贅瘤,特定而言腦癌;多發性骨髓瘤(MM);淋巴瘤,例如何傑金氏淋巴瘤(Hodgkin's lymphoma)、淋巴漿細胞樣淋巴瘤、濾泡淋巴瘤、黏膜相關淋巴樣組織淋巴瘤、套膜細胞淋巴瘤、B-譜系大細胞淋巴瘤、伯基特氏淋巴瘤及T細胞未發化大細胞淋巴瘤。臨
床上,本文所述組合物之方法及用途之實踐可減小癌性生長之大小或數目及/或減輕相關症狀(若適用)。病理上,本文所述組合物之方法及用途之實踐可產生病理上相關反應,例如:抑制癌細胞增殖、減小癌症或腫瘤之大小、預防進一步轉移及抑制腫瘤血管生成。治療此等疾病之方法包含向個體投與治療有效量之發明組合。可視需要重複該方法。癌症尤其可係細胞表現CD70、間皮素、CD19、磷脂醯肌醇蛋白聚糖-3、B7H4、RG-1、CD22或PTK7之癌症。在較佳實施例中,所治療癌症係腎癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、淋巴瘤、結腸癌、間皮瘤、胃癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、腺癌、肝癌或乳癌。
本發明免疫結合物可與其他治療劑組合投與,該等治療劑包括抗體、烷基化劑、血管生成抑制劑、抗代謝物、DNA裂解劑、DNA交聯劑、DNA嵌入劑、DNA小溝接合劑、烯二炔、熱休克蛋白質90抑制劑、組蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑、免疫調節劑、微管穩定劑、核苷(嘌呤或嘧啶)類似物、出核轉運抑制劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑、拓撲異構酶(I或II)抑制劑、酪胺酸激酶抑制劑及絲胺酸/蘇胺酸激酶抑制劑。具體治療劑包括阿達木單抗(adalimumab)、安絲菌素P3(ansamitocin P3)、奧莉絲汀(auristatin)、苯達莫司汀(bendamustine)、貝伐珠單抗(bevacizumab)、比卡魯胺(bicalutamide)、博來黴素(bleomycin)、硼替佐米(bortezomib)、白消安(busulfan)、卡利斯他汀A(callistatin A)、喜樹鹼(camptothecin)、卡培他濱(capecitabine)、卡鉑
(carboplatin)、卡莫司汀(carmustine)、西妥昔單抗(cetuximab)、順鉑(cisplatin)、克拉屈濱(cladribin)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabin)、念珠藻素(cryptophycin)、達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)、達沙替尼(dasatinib)、唐黴素(daunorubicin)、剋癌易(cetaxel)、阿黴素(doxorubicin)、多卡米星、達內黴素A(dynemycin A)、埃坡黴素(epothilone)、依託泊苷(etoposide)、氟尿苷(floxuridine)、氟達拉濱(fludarabine)、5-氟尿嘧啶、吉非替尼(gefitinib)、吉西他濱(gemcitabine)、易普利姆瑪(ipilimumab)、羥基脲、伊馬替尼(imatinib)、英利昔單抗(infliximab)、干擾素、介白素、β-拉帕醌(β-lapachone)、來那度胺(lenalidomide)、伊立替康(irinotecan)、美坦辛(maytansine)、氮芥(mechlorethamine)、美法侖(melphalan)、6-巰嘌呤、甲胺蝶呤、絲裂黴素C(mitomycin C)、尼羅替尼(nilotinib)、奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin)、太平洋紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、丙卡巴肼(procarbazine)、辛二醯基苯胺異羥肟酸(SAHA)、6-硫代胍、沙奧特帕(thiotepa)、替尼泊苷(teniposide)、托泊替康(topotecan)、曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)、曲古抑菌素A(trichostatin A)、長春鹼(vinblastine)、長春新鹼(vincristine)及長春地辛(vindesine)。
本發明免疫結合物可使用習用於生物藥物之技術調配並投與。調配物可包括(例如)於Gennaro編輯,Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,第20版(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2003)中所教示之賦形劑,其揭示內容
以引用方式併入本文中。實例性賦形劑包括(但不限於)緩衝劑(例如,磷酸鹽、乙酸鹽、叁(羥甲基)胺基甲烷(Tris))、增溶劑及乳化劑(例如,聚山梨酯)、防腐劑(例如,硫柳汞(thimerosal)、苯甲醇)、鹽(例如,NaCl、KCl)、螯合劑(例如,EDTA)、碳水化合物(例如,蔗糖、右旋糖、麥芽糖、海藻糖)、載劑(例如,白蛋白)、胺基酸及其各別鹽酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、山梨醇、葡聚糖及諸如此類。
免疫結合物可以具有或不具有賦形劑之凍乾粉末形式提供,隨後可將其溶解於諸如以下等具有或不具有額外賦形劑之介質中:注射用無菌水、注射用氯化鈉溶液或注射用右旋糖溶液。
或者,免疫結合物可以視情況包括賦形劑之濃縮溶液形式提供,隨後將其稀釋至期望濃度,然後投與。替代形式包括分散液、微乳液及脂質體。
較佳地,醫藥組合物適於靜脈內(「IV」)、肌內、皮下、非經腸、脊柱或表皮投與(例如,藉由注射或輸注)。片語「非經腸投與」意指除經腸及局部投與外之投與模式,通常係藉由注射且包括(但不限於)靜脈內、肌內、動脈內、鞘內、莢膜內、眶內、心臟內、真皮內、腹膜腔內、經氣管、皮下、表皮下、關節內、囊下、蛛網膜下、脊柱內、硬膜外及胸骨內注射及輸注。較佳投與模式包括IV輸注、IV團注、皮下及肌內。
「治療有效量」較佳可降低疾病症狀之嚴重程度,增加
無疾病症狀期之頻率及持續時間或預防因感病性所致之損傷或殘疾。例如,對於帶腫瘤個體之治療,「治療有效量」較佳相對於未治療個體將腫瘤生長抑制至少約20%、更佳至少約40%、甚至更佳至少約60%且仍更佳至少約80%。治療有效量之治療化合物可降低個體之腫瘤大小或以其他方式改善症狀,該個體通常係人類,但可係另一哺乳動物。
劑量方案經調控以提供治療反應。例如,可投與單一劑量,可經一段時間投與若干分劑量或可根據治療狀況緊急程度所指示按比例減少或增加劑量。以劑量單元形式來調配非經腸組合物尤其有利於方便投與及劑量一致性。「劑量單位形式」是指適合作為單位劑量用於待治療個體之物理分散單位;每一單位含有預定量之活性化合物,此預定量經計算可與所需醫藥載劑一起產生期望治療反應。可使用諸如預填充注射器、兩室注射器及自動注射器等器件。
劑量應根據所治療疾病、患者特質(年齡、性別及基因型)及治療方案之階段而改變。通常,劑量可係約0.5 mg/kg至約300 mg/kg。
本發明之實踐可藉由參照以下實例來進一步理解,該等實例係藉由闡釋方式提供且不具有限制性。
此實例闡述本發明化合物12(本文亦稱為化合物(IIa))之合成。圖1A及1B組合以顯示用於其合成之方案。
化合物2. 將三氟乙酸(「TFA」,Fisher,5 mL)添加至化合物1(1 g,2.36 mmol)存於無水二氯甲烷(「DCM」,Sigma-Aldrich,5 mL)中之溶液中。在室溫(「RT」,約25℃)下將反應混合物攪拌30 min。高壓液相層析(「HPLC」)分析顯示反應完成。將反應混合物濃縮且在高真空中乾燥過夜,產生1.15 g淺綠色固體狀化合物2(TFA鹽)。
化合物4. 將存於無水甲醇(Acros,100 mL)中之二碳酸二第三丁基酯(「(Boc)2O」,10.24 g,46.97 mmol)及鈀(Aldrich,10%載於活性碳,400 mg)添加至5-硝基吲哚-2-甲酸乙酯(化合物3,Acros,10 g,42.7 mmol)之懸浮液中。在H2(30 psi)中將反應混合物氫化8 hr。將反應混合物過濾並濃縮濾液且在高真空中乾燥,產生黃色固體狀化合物4(10.5 g,81%)。1HNMR(DMSO)δ 11.68(s,1 H),9.19(s,1 H),7.76(s,1H),7.26(m,2 H),7.02(d,1 H),4.30(q,2 H),1.46(s,9 H)1.33(t,3 H)。
化合物5. 將LiOH單水合物(Sigma-Aldrich)存於水中之溶液(150 mL,0.57 M)添加至化合物4(10.5 g,34.5 mmol)存於乙腈中之溶液(150 mL)中。在40℃下將反應混合物加熱過夜,此後根據HPLC分析完成水解。用水(300 mL)稀釋反應混合物並在真空中濃縮以去除乙腈。用EtOAc(2×150 mL)萃取所得溶液且丟棄有機層。藉由添加10% KHSO4(Aldrich)溶液將水層酸化至pH 4。再次用EtOAc(3×150 mL)萃取所得混合物。將來自後三次萃取之有機層
合併,經無水MgSO4乾燥且在真空中濃縮,產生棕色固體狀化合物5(9.7 g,84%)。1HNMR(DMSO)δ 12.84(s,1 H),11.65(s,1 H),9.20(s,1 H),7.73(s,1 H),7.23(m,2 H),6.92(s,1 H),1.42(s,9 H);MS(ESI)m/z 299(M+Na)+。
化合物6. 製備化合物5(779 mg,2.83 mmol)及六氟磷酸N,N,N',N'-四甲基-O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)脲鎓(「HATU」,Oakwood,1.07 g,2.83 mmol)存於無水N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(「DMF」,Sigma-Aldrich,10 mL)中之溶液。添加N,N-二異丙基乙基胺(「DIPEA」)以將反應溶液之pH調控至高於8。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌15 min。添加粗製化合物2(1.15 g,估計為2.36 mmol),之後添加較多DIPEA以將反應混合物之pH調控至高於8。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌過夜。HPLC分析顯示反應幾乎完成。用EtOAc稀釋反應混合物且用水及隨後鹽水洗滌。用2 g矽膠將有機相濃縮成漿液。在40 g CombiFlash管柱上使用存於己烷中之0-50% EtOAc梯度純化漿液,產生黃色固體狀化合物6(1.05 g,76%)。1HNMR(DMSO-d6):δ 11.61(s,1H),9.18(s,1H),8.22(d,1H),8.16(m,1H),7.95(m,1H),7.81(s,1H),7.58(m,3H),7.42(m,3H),7.33(m,3H),7.15(s,1H),5.15(s,2H),4.82(t,1H),4.59(d,1H),4.30(m,1H),4.04(m,1H),3.90(m,1H),1.48(s,9H)。
化合物7. 在氫氣球下將由存於無水DCM(Sigma-Aldrich,10 mL)及無水甲醇(5 mL)中之化合物6(780 mg,
1.34 mmol)及Pd/C(Sigma-Aldrich,10%,150 mg)組成之反應混合物攪拌過夜。HPLC分析顯示反應完成。經由CELITETM過濾反應混合物且濃縮濾液,產生微黃色固體狀化合物7(562 mg,86%),將其不進一步純化即用於下一步驟。
化合物9. 在RT下將化合物7(260 mg,0.53 mmol)、二第三丁基二乙基亞磷醯胺(Sigma-Aldrich,0.58 mL,2.1 mmol)及四唑(Sigma-Aldrich,0.45 M存於乙腈中,14 mL)存於四氫呋喃(「THF」,Sigma-Aldrich,無水,25 mL)中之溶液攪拌2hr。HPLC分析顯示起始7完全轉化成化合物8。不分離化合物8,添加間氯過苯甲酸(「mCPBA」,Sigma-Aldrich,365 mg,2.12 mmol)存於DCM(無水,Sigma-Aldrich,10 mL)中之溶液。在RT下將所得反應混合物攪拌0.5 hr。HPLC分析顯示反應完成。用0.5 g矽膠濃縮反應混合物以形成漿液。在4 g CombiFlash管柱上使用存於己烷中之10-50% EtOAc梯度純化漿液。將含產物部分合併且在高真空中乾燥,產生白色固體狀化合物9(212 mg,59%)。
化合物10. 將TFA(Fisher,3 mL)添加至化合物9(212 mg,0.031 mmol)存於無水DCM(Sigma-Aldrich,3 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將所得反應混合物攪拌30 min。HPLC分析顯示反應完成。將反應混合物濃縮且在高真空中乾燥過夜,產生淺綠色固體狀化合物10(271 mg)。TFA鹽之1HNMR(DMSO-d6):δ 11.81(s,1H),8.42(s,1H),8.12(d,
1H),7.94(d,1H),7.55(m,1H),7.42(m,3H),7.18(s,1H),7.02(d,1H),4.78(t,1H),4.68(d,1H),4.32(s,1H),4.02(m,1H),3.90(m,1H)。
化合物12. 藉由添加DIPEA將化合物11(179 mg,0.25 mmol,呈單-TFA鹽形式,根據Sufi等人2010製備,該文獻之揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中)及HATU(Oakwood,84.4 mg,0.222 mmol)存於無水DMF(Sigma-Aldrich,3 mL)中之溶液的pH調控至高於8。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌15 min。HPLC分析顯示化合物11中之大部分經活化。將化合物10(130 mg,0.222 mmol,其呈單-TFA鹽形式)添加至反應混合物中。藉由添加DIPEA將pH調控至高於8。在RT下將所得反應混合物攪拌15 min。HPLC分析顯示反應完成。將反應混合物注入製備型HPLC中且使用存於水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-100%乙腈梯度作為溶析劑來純化。將含產物部分合併且凍乾,產生白色固體狀化合物12(138 mg,55%)。MS:[M+H]1055。
彼等熟習此項技術者應瞭解,上文及圖1A及1B中所述之合成涉及會聚性裝配片段a及a'之前體且可採用替代合成策略,例如經由將前體裝配成片段b、b'及b"或片段c、c'及c",如下文所示。後兩種策略闡釋於Sufi等人2010(其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中)中且經適當變通後可適於合成本發明化合物。
此實例係關於化合物14(本文亦稱為化合物(Ia))之合成。合成示意圖顯示於圖2中。
化合物13. 將DIPEA(Aldrich,17 μL,0.1 mmol)添加至化合物10a(Sigma-Aldrich,15.7 mg,0.051 mmol)及HATU(Oakwood,19.4 mg,0.051 mmol)存於無水DMF(Acros,1 mL)中之溶液中。反應混合物之pH高於8。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌15 min。HPLC分析顯示起始材料經完全活化。將化合物10(30 mg,0.051 mmol,其呈單-TFA鹽形式)添加至此溶液中。添加較多DIPEA以將反應混合物之pH調控至高於8。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌1 hr。HPLC分析顯示反應完成。藉由製備型HPLC使用存於水(具有0.1體積% TFA)中之10-100%乙腈梯度作為溶析劑來純化粗製產物,產生灰白色固體狀化合物13(25 mg,71%)。
化合物14. 將TFA(VWR,1 mL)添加至化合物13(25 mg,0.036 mmol)存於無水DCM(Acros,1 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將所得反應混合物攪拌30 min。HPLC分析顯
示反應完成。將反應混合物濃縮且藉由製備型HPLC使用存於水(具有0.1體積% TFA)中之10-65%乙腈梯度作為溶析劑來純化,產生灰白色固體狀化合物14(21 mg,82%,呈單-TFA鹽形式)。1HNMR(DMSO-d6):δ 11.65(s,1H),9.67(s,1H),8.46(s,1H),8.07(d,2H),7.91(m,2H),7.69(d,2H),7.35-7.55(m,4H),7.15(s,1H),6.57(d,2H),4.82(t,1H),4.57(d,1H),4.03(t,1H),3.954(t,1H)。31PNMR(DMSO-d6):δ -5.909(s,1P),MS:[M+H]591。
圖3A-3D組合顯示與化合物28(本文亦稱為化合物(IIb))之合成。彼等熟習此項技術者應瞭解,本文所用一般策略對應於上文實例1中所述b/b'/b"模式。
圖3A顯示第一中間體化合物18之合成。
化合物17. 將(2-側氧基乙基)胺基甲酸第三丁基酯(化合物16,Aldrich,5 g,31.4 mmol)存於甲醇(無水,Acros,15 mL)中之溶液添加至(S)-2-胺基-3-甲基丁酸甲酯(化合物15,BaChem,HCl鹽,5.26 g,31.4 mmol)、NaOAc(Aldrich,10.3 g,82.06 mmol)存於甲醇(無水,Acros,65 mL)中之溶液中。然後添加NaBH3CN(Aldrich,3.95 g,62.8 mmol)。在22.5℃下將反應混合物攪拌16 hr且濃縮成漿液。將漿液溶解於水(100 mL)中且用EtOAc(3×100 mL)萃取所得溶液。合併有機相,用鹽水(1×100 mL)洗滌,濃縮,且在真空中乾燥,產生化合物17(油狀物,9.4 g粗製)。[M+H]275。
化合物18. 將LiOH水合物(Aldrich,2.88 g,68.6 mmol)存於水(40 mL)中之溶液添加至粗製化合物17(9.4 g)存於甲醇(40 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌過夜且用水(40 mL)稀釋。用DCM(40 mL)萃取所得溶液。分離水層且用KHSO4溶液(Aldrich,20%,存於水中)酸化至pH 5。過濾懸浮液且在高真空中乾燥固體,產生白色固體狀化合物18(4.85 g,60.2%,來自化合物15)。MS:[M+H]261。1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 6.82(t,1 H),3.06(m,2 H),2.83(d,1 H),2.62(m,2 H),2.31(m1 H),1.88(m,1 H),1.38(s,9 H),0.86(d,6 H)。
圖3B顯示第二中間體化合物22之合成。
化合物21. 將存於無水DMF(Acros,150 mL)中之4-胺基苯甲酸第三丁基酯(化合物19,Fluka,8.75 g,45.3 mmol)、N-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)-N'-乙基碳化二亞胺鹽酸鹽(「EDC」,Fluka,8.68 g,45.3 mmol)、1-羥基苯并三唑(Chem-Impex,6.12 g,45.3 mmol)及CuCl2(Aldrich,6.08 g,45.3 mmol)添加至Nα-Fmoc-L-瓜胺酸(化合物20,Fluka,15 g,37.74 mmol)之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌過夜。用EtOAc(600 mL)稀釋反應混合物且用Na2CO3溶液(5%,200 mL)、飽和NaHCO3溶液(1×200 mL)及鹽水(1×200 mL)洗滌所得溶液。經無水MgSO4乾燥合併的有機相且濃縮,產生黃色固體狀粗製化合物21。1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 10.39(s,1 H),7.82(q,4 H),7.68(m,4 H),7.28-7.40(m,5 H),6.01(t,1 H),5.42(s,2 H),4.10-4.29(m,4 H),2.90-
3.05(m,2 H),1.32-1.70(m,13 H);MS:[M+H]573。
化合物22.將六氫吡啶(Aldrich,14 mL)添加至粗製化合物21存於無水DMF(Acros,140 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌1 hr。HPLC分析顯示反應完成。濃縮反應混合物,且將殘餘物溶解於EtOAc(600 mL)中。用鹽水(1×200 mL)洗滌有機相,經無水MgSO4乾燥且用矽膠濃縮成漿液。藉由急驟層析用存於DCM中之0-20%甲醇梯度作為溶析劑來純化漿液,產生白色固體狀化合物22(9.5 g,72%產率,來自化合物20)。1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 7.82(d,2 H),7.72(d,2 H),5.97(t,1 H),5.38(s,2 H),3.43(m,1 H),2.98(t,2 H),1.30-1.62(m,13 H);MS:[M+H]351。
圖3C顯示第三中間體化合物25之合成。
化合物23. 以足以將溶液之pH調控至高於8之量將DIPEA(Aldrich)添加至化合物18(1.5 g,5.77 mmol)、六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基氧基-叁(二甲基胺基)-鏻(「BOP」,BaChem,2.87 g,6.5 mmol)及化合物22(1.84 g,5.26 mmol)存於DMF(Acros,無水,15 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌3 hr。HPLC分析顯示反應完成。將DCM(100 mL)及飽和NaHCO3溶液(100 mL)添加至反應混合物中。用DCM(2×25 mL)萃取水層。合併有機相且用矽膠(8 g)濃縮成漿液。在80 g CombiFlash管柱上使用存於DCM中之0-10%甲醇梯度作為溶析劑來純化漿液。合併含產物部分,濃縮且在高真空中乾燥,產生化合物23白色固體狀(2.1 g,68%)。MS:[M+H]593。
化合物24. 將存於二噁烷(Aldrich,4 N,7 mL)中之HCl添加至化合物23(1.8 g,3.03 mmol)存於乙腈(HPLC級,Aldrich,20 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌3 hr。HPLC分析顯示反應完成。藉由過濾收集產物且在高真空中乾燥過夜,產生幾乎白色固體狀化合物24(1.45 g,94%)。MS:[M+H]437。
化合物25. 以足以將反應混合物之pH調控至高於8將DIPEA添加至化合物24(200 mg,0.39 mmol,其呈雙HCl鹽之形式)及(Boc)2O(94.2 mg,0.43 mmol)存於DMF(無水,2 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌2 hr。HPLC分析顯示反應完成。添加乙醚(20 mL)且在RT下將合物攪拌15 min。將產物以半固體形式分離。傾析溶劑且在高真空中將產物乾燥過夜,產生白色固體狀化合物25(178 mg,85%,HCl鹽)。MS:[M+H]537。1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ 10.51(s,1 H),8.85(b,1 H),7.88(d,2 H),7.71(d,2 H),7.03(b,1 H),6.18(d,1 H),5.42(b,2 H),4.48(s,1 H),2.75-3.10(m,7 H),2.18(b,1 H),1.42-1.78(m.4 H),1.38(s,9 H),0.92(m,6 H)。
圖3D顯示化合物28(本文亦稱為化合物(IIb))之合成之完成。
化合物26. 將DIPEA(Aldrich,0.142 mL,0.816 mmol)添加至化合物25(394 mg,0.734 mmol)及HATU(Oakwood,186 mg,0.489 mmol)存於DMF(Acros,無水,3 mL)中之溶液中。反應混合物之pH高於8。在RT下將反應混合物攪
拌15 min。添加化合物10(實例1,192 mg,0.407 mmol)。添加較多DIPEA以保持反應混合物之pH高於8。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌30 min。將反應混合物注入製備型HPLC中且藉由用存於水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-65%乙腈梯度溶析來純化。合併含產物部分且冷凍乾燥,產生白色固體狀化合物26(205 mg,51%)。MS:[M+H]990。
化合物27. 將TFA(VWR,5 mL)添加至化合物26(205 mg,0.207 mmol)存於DCM(Acros,無水,5 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌30 min。濃縮反應混合物且冷凍乾燥,產生TFA鹽狀化合物27(210 mg,100%)。MS:[M+H]890。
化合物28. 將DIPEA(Aldrich,0.147 mL,0.842 mmol)添加至3-巰基丙酸(Aldrich,59.6 mg,0.562 mmol)、化合物27(100 mg,0.112 mmol)及BOP(Aldrich,124 mg,0.281 mmol)存於DMF(Acros,無水,2 mL)中之溶液中。反應混合物之pH高於8。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌1 hr。將反應混合物注入製備型HPLC中且藉由用存於水(具有0.01% TFA)中之10-65%乙腈梯度溶析來純化,產生化合物28(45 mg,45.5%)。MS:[M+H]978。
以下係用於製備本發明免疫結合物之闡釋性一般程序,其係基於藉由離胺酸ε-胺基與2-亞胺基硫雜環戊烷反應、之後與含馬來醯亞胺前藥化部分(例如化合物(IIa))反應將游離硫醇基團引入抗體中來達成。首先將抗體以緩衝液交
換至含有50 mM NaCl及2 mM二伸乙基三胺五乙酸(「DTPA」)之0.1 M磷酸鹽緩衝液(pH 8.0)中且濃縮至5-10 mg/mL。經由將2-亞胺基硫雜環戊烷添加至抗體中來達成硫醇化。欲添加2-亞胺基硫雜環戊烷之量可藉由初步實驗來確定且隨抗體而變化。在初步實驗中,將滴定用增加量之2-亞胺基硫雜環戊烷添加至抗體中,且在RT 25℃下與抗體一起培育1 h後,將使用SEPHADEXTM G-25管柱將抗體脫鹽至50 mM pH 6.0 HEPES緩衝液中且藉由與二硫二吡啶(「DTDP」)反應來快速確定所引入硫醇基團之數目。硫醇基團與DTDP之反應導致硫吡啶釋放,其可在324 nm下以分光法監測。通常使用蛋白質濃度為0.5-1.0 mg/mL之試樣。可使用280 nm下之吸光度來精確地確定試樣中蛋白質之濃度,且隨後在RT下將每一試樣之等分試樣(0.9 mL)與0.1 mL DTDP(5 mM存於乙醇中之母液)一起培育10 min。亦一同培育單獨緩衝液與DTDP之空白試樣。在10 min後,量測324 nm下之吸光度且使用19,800 M-1硫吡啶之消光係數來量化硫醇基團之數目。
通常,每抗體約3個硫醇基團之硫醇化濃度係合意的。例如,對於一些抗體而言,此可藉由添加15倍莫耳過量之2-亞胺基硫雜環戊烷、之後在RT下培育1 h來達成。然後將抗體與2-亞胺基硫雜環戊烷以期望莫耳比率一起培育且隨後脫鹽至結合緩衝液(含有5 mM甘胺酸及2 mM DTP A之50 mM pH 6.0 HEPES緩衝液)中。將硫醇化材料維持在冰上,同時如上文所述量化所引入硫醇之數目。
在驗證所引入硫醇之數目後,以每硫醇3倍莫耳過量添加藥物-連接體部分。在亦含有最終濃度為5%之二甲基亞碸(DMSO)或類似替代溶劑之結合緩衝液中進行結合反應。通常,將藥物-連接體母液溶解於100% DMSO中。將母液直接添加至硫醇化抗體中(其中已經添加足使最終濃度達到10%之DMSO,或已在含有最終濃度為10%之DMSO之結合緩衝液中預先稀釋),之後添加至等體積之硫醇化抗體中。
在RT下在攪拌的同時將結合反應混合物培育2 h。在培育後,將結合反應混合物離心並經由0.2 μm過濾器過濾。結合物之純化可經由層析使用多種方法達成。在一種方法中,在用含有5 mM甘胺酸及50 mM NaCl之50 mM pH 7.2 HEPES緩衝液預平衡之SEPHACRYLTM S200管柱上使用分子大小排除層析來純化結合物。以28 cm/h之線性流速進行層析。收集、彙集並濃縮含有結合物之部分。在替代方法中,可經由離子交換層析達成純化。條件隨抗體而變化且應在每一情形下進行最佳化。例如,將抗體-藥物結合物反應混合物施加至在含有5 mM甘胺酸之50 mM pH 5.5 HEPES預平衡之SP-SEPHAROSETM管柱。使用0-1 M NaCl存於pH 5.5平衡緩衝液中之梯度來溶析抗體結合物。彙集含有免疫結合物之相關部分並相對於調配緩衝液(含有5 mM甘胺酸及100 mM NaCl之50 mM pH 7.2 HEPES緩衝液)進行透析。
在上述程序後,利用抗PSMA人類單株抗體(2A10,
Huang等人2009及Cardarelli等人2011)、抗間皮素人類單株抗體(6A4,Terrett等人2009b)、抗CD70人類單株抗體(2H5,Terrett等人2009a)及抗CD19人類單株抗體(21D4,Rao-Naik等人2009)來製備化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物。同樣製備具有化合物(A)之對照免疫結合物。
彼等熟習此項技術者應理解,上述條件及方法係實例性及非限制性的且其他結合方法為業內已知並且可用於本發明中。
此實例概述用於分析本發明免疫結合物之抗增殖性活性的程序。人類腫瘤細胞系係自美國菌種培養物保存中心(American Type Culture Collection)(ATCC),P.O.Box 1549,Manassas,VA 20108,USA獲得,且根據ATCC說明書培養。CHO-間皮素細胞係藉由用含有人類間皮素基因之DNA轉染CHO細胞並選拔表現人類間皮素之穩定純系來產生。將細胞分別以1.0×104個細胞/孔接種於96孔板中並保持3 hr以用於3H胞苷分析。將免疫結合物之連續稀釋液(1:3)添加至該等孔中。將板培育72 hr。在總培育時間之最後24 hr內用每孔1.0 μCi 3H-胞苷對板實施脈衝,收穫,且在Top Count閃爍計數器(Packard Instruments,Meriden,CT)上讀數。使用4.0版PRISMTM軟體(GraphPad Software,La Jolla,CA,USA)測定EC50值-試劑將細胞增殖抑制或減少最大抑制之50%的濃度。
抗增殖結果顯示圖4A-4F中,如上文所述。
此實例顯示,本發明之經磷酸酯基前藥化之開環-MGBA化合物可藉由人類腫瘤細胞裂解物去磷酸化。
將呈冰凍顆粒形式之786-O細胞(每渦管估計量為107個細胞)重新懸浮並均質化於500 μL裂解緩衝液(25 mM NaOAc,1 mM EDTA,0.25 M蔗糖,0.1% Triton X-100,pH 5.5)中。均質化涉及30 sec渦流混合、之後在冰上冷卻一分鐘。對於每一管而言,實施3次渦流及冷卻循環。然後藉由以19號針頭剪切3次進一步混合細胞試樣。
在均質化後,使用BENZONASETM DNAse水解細胞裂解物之DNA。首先在1 mM MgSO4中培養試樣。在混合後,將2 μL BENZONASETM DNAse(純淨)添加至每一裂解物小瓶(4 μL/mL,v/v,最終濃度)中。然後在RT下將試樣儲存15 min且隨後在冰上冷卻。對於此步驟,藉由絮狀沈澱之出現來證明順利DNAse活性。然後將試樣以最大速度在微離心機中旋轉5 min以去除細胞碎片。在-70℃下冷凍上清液以供隨後使用。使用Pierce BCA Protein Determination methodology(Thermo Scientific)來測定裂解物之蛋白質濃度。發現此研究中之試樣含有2.85 mg/mL蛋白質。
製備2000 μM式(Ia)化合物之母液。將裂解物在裂解物緩衝液中稀釋至2.1 mg/mL。對於反應而言,將5 μL化合物(Ia)母液添加至95 μL裂解物中。最終濃縮物係存於含有2 mg/mL蛋白質之裂解物中之100 μM化合物(Ia)。含有25 mM NaOAc、1 mM EDTA、0.25 M蔗糖、0.1% Triton×100
及1 mM MgSO4之緩衝液提供在pH 5.5之緩衝。
採用陰性對照,其中用裂解物緩衝液代替細胞裂解物,且亦添加BENZONASETM DNAse及MgSO4。
在37℃下將測試試樣及對照置於熱塊組中。在預定時間間隔(5 min、1 hr、2 hr、4 hr及8 hr),移出50 μL等分試樣,且藉由添加150 μL(3×)冷乙醇來終止每一等分試樣中之反應。將試樣於冰上儲存1小時且離心以去除蛋白質。
保留上清液用於在以下條件下進行UPLC分析:管柱:Waters HSS T3 2.1×50 mm C18 UPLC移動相:「A」緩衝液:水/0.1% TFA;「B」緩衝液:乙腈/0.1% TFA HPLC系統:Waters UPLC注入體積:4 μL溶析:25%至40%「B」,1.8 min內流速:1 mL/min檢測:A340
反應後,監測化合物(IVa)及(IVb)之產生,該等化合物分別係去磷酸化化合物(Ia)之開環形式及環丙基形式。
吾人發現去磷酸化相當快速,在8 hr內完成。由於反應混合物之pH係5.5,接近溶酶體細胞器中所發現者,該等
結果暗示去磷酸化反應中之酸性磷酸酶。
使用H226細胞裂解物實施類似實驗。吾人發現去磷酸化在3 hr內完成。
此實例顯示,藉由人類及小鼠肝微粒體酶將化合物(Ia)之去磷酸化。
源自經彙集肝源之人類肝微粒體係自Xenotech(物料號H-0630)獲得。其係於20%蔗糖溶液中以20 mg/mL之標稱蛋白質濃度供應。利用BCA分析使用來自Thermo-Fisher之試劑來驗證蛋白質含量。
將人類肝微粒體於反應緩衝液(100 mM Tris-HCl,1 mM MgCl2,0.9% NaCl,pH 7.4)中稀釋至8.42 mg/mL。稀釋量經設計以每最終100 μL反應體積中之95 μL準確地遞送0.8 mg。然後將母液以1:1體積對體積連續稀釋,從而產生10份母液用於每份母液遞送8 mg/mL與0.0156 mg/mL之間之微粒體。
製備2000 μM式(Ia)化合物之母液。對於反應而言,使95 μL每一微粒體母液在37℃熱塊中平衡。然後將化合物(Ia)母液之5 μL等分試樣以精確交錯之30 sec間隔添加至每一反應小瓶中。最終化合物(Ia)濃度係100 μM。使試樣在一定溫度下反應1 hr,此後藉助添加100 μL冷乙醇來終止反應。再次以精確30秒間隔實施終止,使得每一小瓶準確反應1小時。一式兩份製備試樣。使蛋白質於冰上沈澱30 min。在離心後收集上清液。使用與先前實例中所述相同
之條件實施UPLC層析分析,再次監測化合物(IVa)及(IVb)之產生。顯示化合物(Ia)至化合物(IVa)及(IVb)之轉化隨微粒體濃度而變化的層析圖錄顯示於圖5中。
圖6係在60 min後自化合物(Ia)產生之化合物(IVa)及(IVb)之量隨微粒體濃度而變化之曲線。對於在0.00156 mg/mL與0.0125 mg/mL之間之微粒體濃度而言,產生速率基本上線性。使用此範圍內之數據,計算0.0054 μmol/min/mg之化合物(IVa)及(IVb)之產生速率。
採用相同程序但使用小鼠肝微粒體(Xenotech,物料號M-3000),獲得0.0018 μmol/min/mg之速率。
此實例及圖7闡述化合物30(本文亦稱為化合物(IIc))之合成。
化合物30. 將DIPEA(Aldrich,7.85 μL,0.045 mmol)添加至化合物27(20 mg,0.022 mmol)、5-疊氮基戊酸29(BaChem,6.43 mg,0.045 mmol)及BOP(Aldrich,19.87 mg,0.045 mmol)存於DMF(Acros,無水,0.5 mL)中之溶液中。反應混合物之pH保持高於8。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌1 h。將反應混合物注入製備型HPLC管柱中且藉由用存於水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-65%乙腈梯度溶析來純化,產生化合物30(5 mg,21.9%)。MS:[M+H]1015。
化合物30 (IIc)具有疊氮基反應性官能團,從而使其適於採用「鏈接」化學之結合。
此實例及圖8闡述化合物34(本文亦稱為化合物(IId))之合成。
化合物32. 將二環己基碳化二亞胺(「DCC」,Novabiochem,277 mg,1.098 mmol)添加至1-羥基吡咯啶-2,5-二酮(Acros,126 mg,1.098 mmol)、(Boc-胺氧基)乙酸31(TCI,200 mg,1.046 mmol)存於1,4-二噁烷(Aldrich,無水,2 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌5 h。經由CELITETM過濾反應混合物且濃縮濾液。將殘餘物溶解於EtOAc(30 mL)中,用飽和NaHCO3溶液(20 mL)及水(20 mL)洗滌。濃縮有機相且在高真空中乾燥,產生化合物32(275 mg,91.2%)。1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.66(s,1H),4.78(s,2H),2.87(s,4H),1.49(s,9H)。
化合物33. 將DIPEA(Aldrich,36.5 μL,0.21 mmol)添加至化合物32(20 mg,0.07 mmol)及化合物27(31 mg,0.035 mmol)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,1 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌1 h。藉由製備型HPLC用存於水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-65%乙腈梯度來純化反應混合物。合併含產物部分且冷凍乾燥,產生化合物33(24 mg,64.5%)。MS:[M+H]1063。
化合物34. 將TFA(Acros,0.5 mL)添加至化合物33(24 mg,0.023 mmol)存於DCM(Aldrich,無水,0.5 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌0.5 h。藉由製備型HPLC用存於水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-65%乙腈梯度來純
化反應混合物。合併含產物部分且冷凍乾燥,產生化合物34(10 mg,45.7%)。MS:[M+H]963。
化合物34(IId)具有羥胺反應性官能團,從而使其適於藉由與經修飾(例如藉由納入非天然胺基酸對乙醯基苯丙胺酸)以含有酮基之抗體形成肟來結合。
此實例及圖9A-9B組合闡述化合物48(本文亦稱為化合物(IIe))之合成。
化合物37. 將氯化銅(II)(Aldrich,1.252 g,9.31 mmol)添加至4-胺基苯甲酸第三丁基酯36(Fluka,1.5 g,7.76 mmol)、經Fmoc保護之白胺酸35(BaChem,2 g,5.66 mmol)、EDC(Fluka,1.786 g,9.31 mmol)及第三丁醇(Chem-impex,1.426 g,9.31 mmol)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,15 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌過夜。用EtOAc(30 mL)、水(30 mL)及鹽水(30 mL)處理反應混合物。濃縮有機相且在高真空中乾燥,產生化合物37(3.7 g)。MS:[M+H]529。
化合物38. 將六氫吡啶(Aldrich,3 mL)添加至粗製化合物37(3.7 g)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,15 mL)中之溶液中。使反應混合物在RT下保持1 h且隨後藉由製備型HPLC用存於水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-65%乙腈梯度溶析來純化。合併含產物部分且冷凍乾燥,產生化合物38(1.7 g,70.8%,經兩個步驟)。MS:[M+H]307。
化合物41. 將DIPEA(Aldrich,0.97 mL,5.5 mmol)添加
至丙胺酸第三丁基酯鹽酸鹽39(BaChem,0.4 g,2.22 mmol)及化合物40(Bachem,1 g,2.22 mmol)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,20 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌1 h並用EtOAc(100 mL)、水(50 mL)及鹽水(50 mL)處理。濃縮有機相且在高真空中乾燥,產生化合物41(1.3 g)。MS:[M+H]481。
化合物42. 將TFA(Acros,10 mL)添加至粗製化合物41(1.3 g)存於DCM(Acros,無水,10 mL)中之溶液中。使反應混合物在RT下保持1 h,濃縮且藉由製備型HPLC用存於水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-100%乙腈梯度溶析來純化。合併含產物部分且冷凍乾燥,產生化合物42(0.68 g,72.2%,經兩個步驟)。MS:[M+H]425。
化合物43. 將DIPEA(Aldrich,0.246 mL,1.413 mmol)添加至化合物38(289 mg,0.842 mmol)、化合物42(200 mg,0.471 mmol)及BOP(Bachem,313 mg,0.707 mmol)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,3 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌2 h並用EtOAc(30 mL)、水(20 mL)及鹽水(20 mL)處理。
濃縮有機相且在4 g CombiFlashTM管柱上用存於己烷中之0-60% EtOAc梯度溶析來純化。合併有機相,濃縮且在高真空中乾燥,產生化合物43(126 mg,37.5%)。MS:[M+H]713。
化合物44. 將TFA(Acros,3 mL)添加至化合物43(126 mg)存於DCM(Acros,無水,3 mL)中之溶液中。使反應
混合物在RT下保持0.5 h,濃縮且藉由製備型HPLC用存於水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-100%乙腈梯度溶析來純化。合併含產物部分且冷凍乾燥,產生化合物44(84 mg,72%)。MS:[M+H]657。
化合物45. 將DIPEA(Aldrich,21 μL,0.122 mmol)添加至化合物44(40 mg,0.061 mmol)、HATU(Oakwood,18.53 mg,0.049 mmol)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,1 mL)中之溶液中。反應混合物之pH高於8。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌15 min。向此反應混合物中添加化合物10(34.5 mg,0.073 mmol),之後添加額外DIPEA(Aldrich,21 μL,0.122 mmol)。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌30 min且藉由製備型HPLC用水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-100%乙腈梯度溶析來純化。合併含產物部分且冷凍乾燥,產生化合物45(20 mg,30%)。MS:[M+H]1110。
化合物46. 將六氫吡啶(Aldrich,0.2 mL,2.02 mmol)添加至化合物45(20 mg)存於DMF(Acros,無水,0.5 mL)中之溶液中。使反應混合物在RT下保持1 h。藉由製備型HPLC用存於水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-65%乙腈梯度溶析來純化反應混合物。合併含產物部分且冷凍乾燥,產生化合物46(8 mg,50%)。MS:[M+H]888。
化合物48. 將DIPEA(Aldrich,10 μL,0.006 mmol)添加至化合物46(8 mg,0.009 mmol)及6-馬來醯亞胺基己酸N-琥珀醯亞胺基酯47(TCI,5.55 mg,0.018 mmol)存於DMF(Acros,無水,1 mL)中之溶液中。使反應混合物在RT下
保持1 h。藉由製備型HPLC用存於水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-100%乙腈梯度溶析來純化反應混合物。合併含產物部分且冷凍乾燥,產生化合物48(2 mg,20%)。MS:[M+H]1081。
化合物48 (IIe)之Leu-Ala-Leu三肽係酶CD10之受質基序,因此用此化合物製得之結合物應易於藉由CD10解離。
此實例及圖10A-10B組合闡述化合物56(本文亦稱為化合物(IIf))之合成。
化合物50. 將氯化銅(II)(Aldrich,0.913 g,6.79 mmol)添加至4-胺基苯甲酸第三丁基酯36(Fluka,1.312 g,6.79 mmol)、經Fmoc保護之異白胺酸49(BaChem,2 g,5.66 mmol)、EDC(Fluka,1.302 g,6.79 mmol)及第三丁醇(Chem-impex,1.040 g,6.79 mmol)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,20 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌過夜。用EtOAc(30 mL)、水(30 mL)及鹽水(30 mL)處理反應混合物。濃縮經合併有機相且在40 g CombiFlashTM管柱上用存於己烷中之0-20% EtOAc梯度溶析來純化。合併含產物部分,濃縮且在高真空中乾燥,產生化合物50(0.85 g,28.4%)。MS:[M+H]529。
化合物51. 將六氫吡啶(Aldrich,0.5 mL)添加至粗製化合物50(3.7 g)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,5 mL)中之溶液中。使反應混合物在RT下保持1 h。用EtOAc(20 mL)、水
(15 mL)及鹽水(15 mL)處理反應混合物。合併有機相,濃縮且在12 g CombiF1ashTM管柱上用存於己烷中之0-75% EtOAc梯度溶析來純化。合併含產物部分,濃縮且在高真空中乾燥,產生化合物51(0.38 g,76.9%)。MS:[M+H]307。
化合物52. 將DIPEA(Aldrich,0.228 mL,1.305 mmol)添加至化合物51(0.2 g,0.653 mmol)及化合物40(Bachem,294 mg,0.653 mmol)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,3 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌2 h。用EtOAc(50 mL)、水(20 mL)及鹽水(20 mL)處理反應混合物。濃縮經合併有機相且在4 g CombiFlashTM管柱上用存於己烷中之0-40% EtOAc梯度溶析來純化。將含產物部分濃縮成殘餘物,將該殘餘物在高真空中乾燥,產生化合物52(178 mg,42.5%)。MS:[M+H]642。
化合物53. 將TFA(Acros,3 mL)添加至化合物52(178 mg,0.277 mmol)存於DCM(Acros,無水,3 mL)中之溶液中。使反應混合物在RT下保持0.5 h。濃縮反應混合物且冷凍乾燥,產生化合物53(145 mg,89.5%)。MS:[M+H]586。
化合物56 (IIf)之Leu-Ile二肽係組織蛋白酶E之受質基序,因此用此化合物製得之免疫結合物應易於藉由組織蛋白酶E解離。
此實例及圖11A-11B組合闡述化合物67(本文亦稱為化
合物(IIg))之合成。
化合物57. 將氯化銅(II)(Aldrich,0.913 g,6.79 mmol)添加至4-胺基苯甲酸甲酯56(Aldrich,0.913 g,6.05 mmol)、經Fmoc保護之瓜胺酸20(BaChem,2 g,5.04 mmol)、EDC(Fluka,1.160 g,6.05 mmol)及第三丁醇(Chem-impex,0.926 g,6.05 mmol)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,20 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌過夜。用EtOAc(100 mL)、水(30 mL)及鹽水(30 mL)處理反應混合物。濃縮有機相且在40 g CombiFlashTM管柱上用存於DCM中之0-20%甲醇梯度溶析來純化。合併含產物部分,濃縮且在高真空中乾燥,產生化合物57(1.825 g,68.2%)。MS:[M+H]531。
化合物58. 將六氫吡啶(Aldrich,0.2 mL)添加至化合物57(1.25 g,3.437 mmol)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,3 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌1 h。用EtOAc(40 mL)、水(15 mL)及鹽水(15 mL)處理反應混合物。合併有機相,濃縮且在12 g CombiFlashTM管柱上用存於DCM中之0-30%甲醇梯度溶析來純化。合併含產物部分,濃縮且在高真空中乾燥,產生化合物58(0.778 g,73.1%)。MS:[M+H]309。
化合物59. 將DIPEA(Aldrich,1.0 mL,5.71 mmol)添加至化合物58(778 mg,2.52 mmol)、化合物18(655 mg,2.52 mmol)及BOP(Bachem,1.12 g,2.52 mmol)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,10 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合
物攪拌2 h。用EtOAc(50 mL)、水(20 mL)及鹽水(20 mL)處理反應混合物。濃縮經合併有機相且在40 g CombiFlashTM管柱上用存於DCM中之0-15%甲醇梯度溶析來純化。合併有機相,濃縮且在高真空中乾燥,產生化合物59(1.06 g,76%)。MS:[M+H]551。
化合物60. 將TFA(Acros,5 mL)添加至化合物59(1.06 g,1.92 mmol)存於DCM(Acros,無水,5 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌0.5 h。濃縮反應混合物且冷凍乾燥,產生TFA鹽狀化合物60(1.09 g)。MS:[M+H]451。
化合物62. 將DIPEA(Aldrich,1.02 mL,5.838 mmol)添加至化合物60(500 mg,1.109 mmol)、6-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)己酸61(Fluka,450 mg,1.946 mmol)及BOP(Bachem,0.720 g,1.629 mmol)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,10 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌1 h。用EtOAc(60 mL)、水(30 mL)及鹽水(30 mL)處理反應混合物。濃縮經合併有機相且在12 g CombiFlashTM管柱上用存於DCM中之0-20%甲醇梯度溶析來純化。合併有機相,濃縮且在高真空中乾燥,產生化合物62(427 mg,58%)。
MS:[M+H]664。
化合物63. 將LiOH溶液(Aldrich,150 mg,存於10 mL水中)添加至化合物62(0.427 g,0.643 mmol)存於丙酮(Baker,10 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌3 h且用乙酸(Fisher,冰,0.3 mL)中和。藉由製備型HPLC用
存於水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-65%乙腈梯度溶析來純化反應混合物。合併含產物部分且冷凍乾燥,產生化合物63(325 mg,77.8%)。MS:[M+H]650。
化合物64. 將DIPEA(Aldrich,27 μL,0.153 mmol)添加至化合物63(59.5 mg,0.092 mmol)、HATU(Oakwood,23.21 mg,0.061 mmol)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,1 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌30 min。向其中添加化合物10(36 mg,0.076 mmol),之後添加額外DIPEA(Aldrich,27 μL,0.153 mmol)。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌1 h且藉由製備型HPLC用水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-65%乙腈梯度溶析來純化。合併含產物部分且冷凍乾燥,產生化合物64(38 mg,55.7%)。MS:[M+H]1103。
化合物65. 將TFA(Acros,1 mL)添加至化合物64(38 mg,0.034 mmol)存於DCM(Acros,無水,1 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌0.5 h。濃縮反應混合物且冷凍乾燥,產生TFA鹽狀化合物65(43 mg)。MS:[M+H]1003。
化合物66. 將DIPEA(Aldrich,29 μL,0.159 mmol)添加至化合物32(15.4 mg,0.053 mmol)及化合物65(43 mg,0.043 mmol)存於DMF(Aldrich,無水,1 mL)中之溶液中。在RT下將反應混合物攪拌1 h。藉由製備型HPLC用存於水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-65%乙腈梯度溶析來純化反應混合物。合併含產物部分且冷凍乾燥,產生化合物66(22 mg,43.5%)。MS:[M+H]1176。
化合物67. 在RT下將化合物66(22 mg,0.019 mmol)存於4 N HCl 1,4-二噁烷溶液(Aldrich,10 mL)中之溶液攪拌1 h。濃縮反應混合物且藉由製備型HPLC用存於水(具有0.1% TFA)中之10-65%乙腈梯度溶析來純化。合併含產物部分且冷凍乾燥,產生化合物67(12 mg,58.7%)。MS:[M+H]1076。
圖12A-12I顯示本發明免疫結合物在利用小鼠之異種移植物研究中針對多種癌症類型之活體內效果。
OVCAR3細胞研究。將5百萬個重新懸浮於0.1 mL磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水(「PBS」)與0.1 mL基質膠(matrigel)中之OVCAR3卵巢癌細胞經皮下植入SCID小鼠之側腹區域。23天後開始量測腫瘤,且將小鼠隨機分成每組6隻小鼠之群組,其平均腫瘤大小藉由腫瘤之LWH/2估計為90 mm3。在腫瘤植入後24天,單獨用測試化合物經腹膜腔內給予小鼠。圖12A顯示,對於OVCAR3細胞,抗間皮素抗體6A4與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物抑制腫瘤生長,尤其在0.314 μmol/kg細胞毒素之較高劑量下。亦提出抗CD19抗體21D4之對應免疫結合物之比較數據作為同種型對照。
N87細胞研究。將250萬個重新懸浮於0.1 mL PBS與0.1 mL基質膠中之N87胃瘤細胞經皮下植入SCID小鼠之側腹區域。12天後開始量測腫瘤,且將小鼠隨機分成每組7隻小鼠之群組,其平均腫瘤大小藉由腫瘤之LWH/2估計為110 mm3。在腫瘤植入後14天,單獨用測試化合物經腹膜腔內
給予小鼠。圖12B顯示,對於N87細胞,抗間皮素抗體6A4與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物強力抑制腫瘤生長。提供單獨調配緩衝液或抗CD19抗體21D4與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物的比較數據,後者作為同種型對照。
H226細胞研究。將5百萬個重新懸浮於0.1 mL PBS與0.1 mL基質膠中之H226間皮瘤細胞經皮下植入SCID小鼠之側腹區域。14天後開始量測腫瘤,且將小鼠隨機分成每組9隻小鼠之群組,其平均腫瘤大小藉由腫瘤之LWH/2估計為110 mm3。在腫瘤植入後15天,單獨用測試化合物經腹膜腔內給予小鼠。圖12C顯示抗間皮素抗體6A4與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物對腫瘤生長之劑量依賴性效應。在每一情形下,SR係3.6。
H1650細胞研究。將250萬個重新懸浮於0.1 mL PBS與0.1 mL基質膠中之H1650肺瘤(腺癌)細胞經皮下植入SCID小鼠之側腹區域。7天後開始腫瘤量測,且將小鼠隨機分成每組6隻小鼠之群組,其平均腫瘤大小藉由腫瘤之LWH/2估計為110 mm3。在腫瘤植入後9天、14天及21天,重複用測試化合物經腹膜腔內給予小鼠。圖12D顯示抗間皮素抗體6A4與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物對腫瘤之抑制。提供媒劑對照及抗CD19抗體21D4與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物的比較數據,後者作為同種型對照。
Hep 3B細胞研究。將4百萬個重新懸浮於0.1 mL PBS與0.1 mL基質膠中之Hep 3B肝瘤細胞經皮下植入SCID小鼠之側腹區域。10天後開始腫瘤量測,且將小鼠隨機分成每組
7隻小鼠之群組,其平均腫瘤大小藉由腫瘤之LWH/2估計為90 mm3。在腫瘤植入後11天,單獨用測試化合物經腹膜腔內給予小鼠。圖12E顯示抗磷脂醯肌醇蛋白聚糖3抗體4A6與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物之劑量依賴性腫瘤生長抑制效應。利用0.1 μmol/kg之劑量觀察到最強效應。亦顯示單獨媒劑、單獨抗體4A6或抗CD19抗體21D4與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物之比較數據,後者作為同種型對照。圖12F係來自相同研究之圖,但顯示抗體4A6-化合物(IIa)免疫結合物緩解腫瘤相關惡病質之能力。亦提供抗CD19-化合物(IIa)免疫結合物之數據,其顯示抗CD19結合物儘管減慢腫瘤生長(根據圖12E),但不會緩解惡病質(根據圖12F)。
LNCaP細胞研究。將250萬個重新懸浮於0.1 mL PBS與0.1 mL基質膠中之LNCaP前列腺瘤細胞經皮下植入SCID小鼠之側腹區域。30天後開始腫瘤量測,且將小鼠隨機分成每組7隻小鼠之群組,其平均腫瘤大小藉由腫瘤之LWH/2估計為150 mm3。在腫瘤植入後31天,單獨用測試化合物經腹膜腔內給予小鼠。圖12G顯示,與調配緩衝液及作為同種型對照之抗CD19抗體21D4與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物相比,抗PSMA抗體2A10與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物對腫瘤生長之抑制。在每一情形下,細胞毒素濃度係0.1 μmol/kg。圖12H顯示來自相同研究之另一組結果,其中使用抗RG-1抗體19G9與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物及抗CD19免疫結合物之同種型對照。
Raji細胞研究。將1千萬個重新懸浮於0.1 mL PBS與0.1
mL基質膠中之Raji人類伯基特氏淋巴瘤細胞經皮下植入SCID小鼠之側腹區域。6天後開始腫瘤量測,且將小鼠隨機分成每組8隻小鼠之群組,其平均腫瘤大小藉由腫瘤之LWH/2估計為90 mm3。在腫瘤植入後7天,單獨用測試化合物經腹膜腔內給予小鼠。圖12I顯示抗間皮素抗體6A4、抗CD19抗體21D4、抗CD22抗體12C5及抗CD70抗體1F4各自與化合物(IIa)之免疫結合物對腫瘤生長之抑制效應。(抗體1F4之全長序列資訊揭示於Coccia等人2010中,其揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。抗體1F4之VH CDR1、CDR2及CDR3以及VK CDR1、CDR2及CDR3序列分別以SEQ ID NO:55、SEQ ID NO:56、SEQ ID NO:57、SEQ ID NO:58、SEQ ID NO:59及SEQ ID NO:60給出。)
本發明之上文詳細說明包括主要地或排他性地與本發明之特定部分或態樣有關之段落。應理解,此係出於清晰及方便性,特定特徵可不僅僅與揭示其之段落相關,且本文中之揭示內容包括不同段落中所發現資訊之所有適當組合。類似地,儘管本文中之各種圖及說明係關於本發明之具體實施例,但應理解,倘若特定圖或實施例之背景中揭示具體特徵,則亦可在適當的程度下、在另一圖或實施例之背景中、與另一特徵組合或一般而言在本發明中使用此特徵。
此外,儘管已針對某些較佳實施例特定地闡述本發明,但本發明並不限於此等較佳實施例。而是,本發明範圍係由隨附申請專利範圍界定。
由本說明書中之第一作者(或發明者)及較早日期以縮寫方式引用之以下參考文獻之全部引文提供於下文中。該等參考文獻中之每一者出於所有目的以引用方式併入本文中。
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命名為「SEQT_11770WOPCT.txt」之序列表之全部內容以引用方式併入本文中,其包含SEQ ID NO:1至SEQ ID NO:60,其包括本文所揭示之核酸及/或胺基酸序列。序列表已以ASCII文本格式經由EFS-Web一同遞交,且因此構成紙與其電腦可讀取形式二者。首先於2012年4月27日使用PatentIn 3.5產生序列表且大小為10 KB。
下表匯總本申請案中所揭示序列之說明。
圖1A及1B組合顯示具有馬來醯亞胺反應性官能團之本發明化合物之合成。
圖2顯示本發明另一化合物之合成。
圖3A至3D組合顯示本發明又一化合物之合成。
圖4A至4R使用3H胸苷吸收之增殖分析法比較本發明之
經磷酸酯基前藥化之免疫結合物之細胞增殖抑制性質與經胺基甲酸酯基前藥化之免疫結合物之細胞增殖抑制性質。測試細胞系包括以下人類癌細胞系:786-O(腎癌)、前列腺特異性膜抗原(PSMA)、HPAC(胰腺癌)、OVCAR3(卵巢癌)、Ramos(伯基特氏淋巴瘤)、H226(間皮瘤)、N87(胃癌)、H292(黏液表皮樣肺癌)、H1650(腺癌)、Hep 3b(肝細胞癌)、Hep G2(肝細胞癌)、HCC-1954(乳癌)、MDA-MB-468(乳癌)、HCT116(結腸癌)及H520(肺癌)。另外,使用表現間皮素之經轉染CHO(中國倉鼠卵巢)細胞系。
圖5繪示顯示人類肝微粒體酶對本發明之經磷酸酯基前藥化之化合物之去磷酸化的層析圖錄。
圖6係所產生去磷酸化產物之量在一小時時段內隨微粒體濃度而變化之曲線。
圖7顯示具有用於結合至抗體之疊氮基反應性官能團之本發明又一化合物之合成。
圖8顯示具有用於結合至抗體之羥胺反應性官能團之本發明又一化合物之合成。
圖9A及9B組合顯示具有Leu-Ala-Leu三肽之本發明化合物之合成。
圖10A及10B組合顯示具有Leu-Ile二肽之本發明化合物之合成。
圖11A及11B組合顯示本發明另一化合物之合成。
圖12A-12I顯示各種異種移植物研究之結果。
<110> 美商必治妥美雅史谷比公司
<120> 免疫結合物、製備該免疫結合物之組合物及製備方法及用途
<130> 11770
<140> 101118845
<141> 2012-05-25
<150> US 61/490117
<151> 2011-05-26
<160> 60
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
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Claims (18)
- 一種免疫結合物,其中式(I)化合物
其中X係可經親核性取代之離去基團,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽於其-NH2基團處經由肽基連接體結合至抗體或此抗體之抗原接合片段。 - 如請求項1之免疫結合物,其具有式(IIIa)之結構
其中AAa及每一AAb係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:丙胺酸、β-丙胺酸、γ-胺基丁酸、精胺酸、天冬醯胺、天冬胺酸、γ-羧基麩胺酸、瓜胺酸、半胱胺酸、麩胺酸、麩醯胺酸、甘胺酸、組胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸、離胺酸、甲硫胺酸、正白胺酸、正纈胺酸、鳥胺酸、苯丙胺酸、脯胺酸、絲胺酸、蘇胺酸、色胺酸、酪胺酸及纈胺酸;m係0、1、2、3、4或5;Y係間隔體部分;n係1、2、3、4或5;且 Ab代表該抗體或其抗原接合片段;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 - 如請求項1之免疫結合物,其具有式(IIIa')之結構
其中n係1、2、3、4或5;且Ab代表該抗體或其抗原接合片段;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 - 如請求項3之免疫結合物,其中該抗體係識別選自由以下組成之群之人類抗原的人類單株抗體:CD70、間皮素、PSMA、CD19、磷脂醯肌醇蛋白聚糖(glypican)-3、B7H4、RG-1、CD22及PTK7。
- 一種化合物,其具有式(II)之結構
其中X係可經親核性取代之離去基團;AAa及每一AAb係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:丙胺 酸、β-丙胺酸、γ-胺基丁酸、精胺酸、天冬醯胺、天冬胺酸、γ-羧基麩胺酸、瓜胺酸、半胱胺酸、麩胺酸、麩醯胺酸、甘胺酸、組胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸、離胺酸、甲硫胺酸、正白胺酸、正纈胺酸、鳥胺酸、苯丙胺酸、脯胺酸、絲胺酸、蘇胺酸、色胺酸、酪胺酸及纈胺酸;m係0、1、2、3、4或5;Y係間隔體部分;且Z係能夠結合至抗體之反應性官能團;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 - 如請求項5之化合物,其中AAa係選自由以下組成之群:瓜胺酸、離胺酸、天冬胺酸、麩胺酸、絲胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸及蘇胺酸,且m係0、1或2。
- 如請求項5之化合物,其中-AAa-[AAb]m-係選自由以下組成之群之二肽:Val-Cit、Phe-Cit、Phe-Lys、Val-Lys、Val-Glu、Val-Asp、Val-Ser及Val-Gly,每一二肽係以N至C方向列舉。
- 如請求項5之化合物,其中-Z係-ONH2、-SH、-N3或。
- 如請求項5之化合物,其中Y係選自由以下組成之群:
及其組合,其中下標q在其每次出現時獨立地係0或1且下標r在其每次出現時獨立地係1至24。 - 如請求項5之化合物,其具有式(IIa)之結構
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 - 如請求項5之化合物,其具有選自由式(IIb)至(IIg)組成之群之結構:
及 或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 - 一種式(I)化合物,
其中X係可經親核性取代之離去基團,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 - 一種如請求項1至4中任一項之免疫結合物之用途,其用於製造用以治療癌症之藥劑。
- 如請求項13之用途,其中該癌症係腎癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、淋巴瘤、結腸癌、間皮瘤、胃癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、腺癌、肝癌或乳癌。
- 如請求項13之用途,其中該癌症之特徵在於癌細胞表現人類CD70、間皮素、PSMA、CD19、磷脂醯肌醇蛋白聚糖-3、B7H4、RG-1、CD22或PTK7。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1至4中任一項之免疫結合物及視情況選用之藥理上可接受之賦形劑。
- 一種用於製備免疫結合物之組合物,其包含如請求項5至12中任一項之化合物。
- 一種如請求項5至12中任一項之化合物之用途,其用於製備免疫結合物。
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