TW201204780A - Flexible PVC compositions made with plasticizers derived from renewable sources - Google Patents
Flexible PVC compositions made with plasticizers derived from renewable sources Download PDFInfo
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- TW201204780A TW201204780A TW100116131A TW100116131A TW201204780A TW 201204780 A TW201204780 A TW 201204780A TW 100116131 A TW100116131 A TW 100116131A TW 100116131 A TW100116131 A TW 100116131A TW 201204780 A TW201204780 A TW 201204780A
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0016—Plasticisers
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08K5/103—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids with polyalcohols
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C08L23/28—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment by reaction with halogens or halogen-containing compounds
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L23/26—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/28—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment by reaction with halogens or halogen-containing compounds
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Description
201204780 六、發明說明: c 明戶斤屬名貝ϋ 發明領域 本發明係有關於聚氯乙烯(Ρ V C)組成物。本發明之一方 面係有關於含生化塑化劑作為初級塑化劑的PVC組成物, 而本發明之另一方面係有關於此等不含非生化塑化劑的組 成物。 C先前技3 發明背景 PVC組成物在本項技藝中已為吾人所熟知(見,例如美 國專利第6,063,846、6,608,142號及美國專利公開案第 2005/0203230號),且典型上包含PVC及至少一其它聚合 物’例如聚稀烴、苯乙烯系聚合物等。由於這些其它聚合 物中有許多不能與PVC混溶或相容,所以通常這些組成物 亦包括相容劑’例如氯化聚乙烯。不含塑化劑之PVC組成 物有僵硬的傾向且適用於硬質產物(諸如管及管材)之製 造。包括塑化劑之PVC組成物有可撓性的傾向且適用於, 諸如導線及纜線絕緣體與護套、以及醫學裝置組件的應 用。此等組成物之實例包括得自Teknor Apex的 FLEXALLOY®產物。 酞酸二酯(亦稱為“酞酸酯”)為用於PVC及其它乙稀基 聚合物之已知塑化劑。常見的酞酸酯塑化劑之實例包括敗 酸二異壬酯(DINP)、酞酸二烯丙酯(DAP)、二-2-乙基己基_ 酞酸酯(DEHP)、酞酸二辛酯(DOP)及酞酸二異癸酯。用於 201204780 高溫應用之其它常見的塑化劑為苯三甲酸酯及己二酸聚 酯。通常使用塑化劑之混合物以獲得最佳性質。最近耿酸 酯塑化劑已受到公共利益團體的熱切監督,因為他們對s大 酸酯之負面環境影響及對已接觸酞酸酯之人類(尤其兒童) 的潛在不利健康效應感到不安。 使用衍生自再生來源之塑化劑(亦即生化塑化劑)所製 成的可撓性PVC組成物為以石油化學產品為主的塑化劑之 代用品。然而,生化塑化劑在某些方面劣於使用非衍生自 再生來源之塑化劑(例如酞酸酯或苯三曱酸酯塑化劑)所製 成的組成物,因為其等與該PVC之相容性不足或因為其等 具有劣熱老化性質。這些缺點已將生化塑化劑(諸如環氧化 大豆油)之用途限於僅以少量存在於以PVC為主的組成物内 之次級塑化劑、潤滑劑或穩定劑。 【發明内容1 發明概要 本發明之一方面係提供含一聚氣化乙稀樹脂、一相容 劑、及一或多種生化塑化劑的組成物’在某些實施例中, 以該組成物之總重計’該等組成物包含20至80重量%聚氣 乙烯樹脂、1至3〇重量%相容劑、及5至60重量%生化塑化 劑。在一些此等實施例中’該等生化塑化劑佔該組成物之 全部塑化劑含量的至少50重量%。在某些實施例中,以該 組成物之總重計’該等組成物包含至少15重量%生化塑化劑。 在某些實施例中’該等組成物實質上不含以酞酸酯為 主的塑化劑。其包括貫質上不含任何非生化塑化劑的組成物。 201204780 在某些實施例中,該等組成物進一步包含一熱塑性彈 性體。在一種此實施例中,該等生化塑化劑包含環氧化脂 肪酸曱酯,該熱塑性彈性體為烯烴嵌段共聚物,且該相容 劑包含氯化聚乙烯。在此種實施例中’如藉ASTM D638而 測定’於113。(:下經熱老化168小時後’該組成物可具有至 少25%之拉伸斷裂伸長保留率。 在某些實施例中,該等生化塑化劑包含一乙醯化蓖麻 蠛及一環氧化大豆油,且該相容劑包含一氯化聚乙烯。在 這些實施例中’如藉ASTMD3291而測定,於23。(:下,該組 成物可具有微不足道或較佳的環形滲出(loop spew)評比。 本七明之另一方面係提供含根據本發明之組成物之護 套層或絕緣層的導線或纜線。 圖式簡單說明 第1圖表示實例1之比較例及本發明實例之以溫度為變 數的動態模數 < 圖解。 【實施冷式】 較佳實施例之詳細說明 明係提供包括生化塑化劑作為初級塑化劑的以 7樹月a為主 < 组成物。該等組成物包括PVC樹脂、-相 衝擊=種生化塑化劑及可視需要選用的熱塑性彈性 抗衝擊U冑彳。鱗生化塑化_大量存在於該等組成 内且’在某些實施例中,係為存在於該等组成物内之僅 有塑化劑。生化塑化劑的用途有利’因為,4目對於更習知 的以石油化學品為主之塑化劑(諸如敢酸略或苯三甲酸 201204780 酯),生化塑化劑具環境親和力且係衍生自再生來源。 本發明組成物可克服已致使各種生化塑化劑不能作為 以PVC樹脂為主的組成物中之該初級塑化劑的某些問題。 例如該等組成物之某些實施例具有可以使其等適於作為其 中可撓性PVC樹脂為所欲或所需之應用中的初級(或僅有) 塑化劑之夠低抗拉強度及夠高拉伸斷裂伸長率。而且,這 些組成物之熱老化性質(例如拉伸量保留率)優於包括相同 生化塑化劑作為該等初級(或僅有)塑化劑,但不含該合適熱 塑性彈性體及相容劑的組成物。 在其它實施例中’如藉環形滲出試驗所測定,該等組 成物之生化塑化劑相容性優於包括相同生化塑化劑作為該 等初級(或僅有)塑化劑’但不含該合適相容劑的組成物。而 且,需要較少生化塑化劑即可獲得特定硬度位準。 本發明組成物之應用包括用於導線及/或纜線之護套 及絕緣體、管材、塗覆物、薄膜、發泡體、及用於汽車、 醫學、建築及營造、泵、鞋類、墊片、軟管、繩索、封接 物、及擋風雨條應用的材料。 生化塑化劑 “塑化劑”為可降低其所添加之PVC樹脂的模數及抗拉 強度,並增加可撓性、伸長率、抗衝擊強度、及撕裂強度 之物質。塑化劑亦可降低該PVC樹脂的熔點、降低玻璃轉 化溫度及增強其所添加之該PVC樹脂的可加工性。 生化塑化劑為衍生自再生天然物質(諸如植物油)的塑 化劑。該等組成物可包括單一生化塑化劑或2或多種生化塑 201204780 化劑的摻合物。美國專利申諳公p τ月"開案第2010/0010127號描 述生化塑化劑(“生物塑化劑”)及其等之製法。 環氧化植物油(諸如環氧化大豆油及環氧化亞麻油)為 可包含在本發明組成物内之生化塑化劑的實例。就本揭示 文而言’若—塑化劑含有至少-環氧基團時,則其經環氧 化。“環氧基團”為其中-個氧原子係連接至已彼此鍵結之 兩個碳原子之每-個的3項環狀,亦稱為環氧乙烧或環氧 烷烴)。 植物油衍生之脂肪酸之醋(諸如環氧化脂祕甲醋)為 合適的生化塑化劑之其它實例。脂肪酸§旨可衍生自一醇及 何生自再生來源(諸如植物油)之脂肪酸的反應。環氧化大豆 脂肪酸酯為屬於本群組之合適生化塑化劑的實例。 衍生自植物之乙醯化蠟及油為可包含在本發明組成物 内之另一生化塑化劑種類。乙醯化蓖麻蠟為一合適蠟的實 例。乙醢化蓖麻油為一合適油之實例。市售乙醯化蓖麻蠟、 油及其匕衍生物包括得自Vertellus Specialties,Inc.之 FLEXRICIN® P-8 及 PARICIN® 8、以及得自 Danisc0 之 Grindsted Soft-N-Safe。 一或多種生化塑化劑可作為本發明組成物内之初級塑 化劑。就本揭示文而言’若塑化劑在該樹脂組成物内具有 充份混溶性或相容性,則其等為初級塑化劑且其等可以是 該組成物内之大多數或甚至僅有的塑化劑。因此,在某些 實施例中’生物塑化劑佔該組成物之全部塑化劑的至少50 重量%。在該等組成物之某些實施例中,生化塑化劑佔該 201204780 組成物之全部塑化劑的至少90重量%。植物油之環氧化衍 生物、植物油之乙醯化衍生物及其等之混合物為特別有用 的生化塑化劑。 該等組成物含有大量生化塑化劑。例如在某些實施例 中,以該組成物之總重計,該等組成物包括5至60重量°/〇生 化塑化劑。其包括其中以該組成物之總重計,該組成物包 括7至50重量%生化塑化劑的實施例,且進一步包括其中以 該組成物之總重計,該組成物包括10至40重量%生化塑化 劑的實施例。 在某些實施例中,該等組成物並不含衍生自石油化學 品(諸如酞酸酯、苯三甲酸酯、及己二酸聚酯)之塑化劑。如 文中使用,該名詞“不含酞酸酯之組成物”為無酞酸酯之組 成物。“酞酸酯”為包括以下結構(I)之化合物: 〇
〇 (I) 其中R及R’可相同或不同。R及R’各係選自一具有1至20個 碳原子的經取代-/未經取代-烴基。如文中使用,該名詞“烴 基”及“烴”係指僅含氫及碳原子之取代基,其包括分支鏈或 非分支鏈、飽和或不飽和、環狀、多環狀、稍合或非環狀 物種、及其等之組合。烴基之非限制實例包括烷基、環烷 基、烯基、烷二烯基、環烯基、環烷二烯基、芳基、芳烷 基、烷芳基、及炔基。位置3、4、5、及6可藉氫或另一分 201204780 子團而佔據。 在某些實施例中,該等組成物實質上不含非生化塑化 劑。若一組成物不含非生化塑化劑或若該組成物内之非生 化塑化劑的存在量被認為與該組成物之效力無關,則該組 成物被視為實質上不含非生化塑化劑。 聚氣乙烯樹脂 本發明組成物之聚氣乙烯樹脂(亦稱為氣乙烯聚合物) 組份為一固體、高分子量聚合物,其可以是聚氣乙烯均聚 物或具有一或多個額外共單體之共聚合單元的氣乙烯共聚 物。PVC均聚物之市售實例為得自Oxy Vinyls, LP之Oxy Vinyls 240F。當存在時,共單體典型上佔該共聚物之至高 20重量%。合適共單體之實例包括C2-C6烯烴,例如乙烯及 丙烯;直鏈或分支鏈C2-C4羧酸之乙烯酯,例如乙酸乙烯 酯、丙酸乙烯酯、及2-乙基己酸乙烯酯;鹵乙烯,例如氟 乙烯、雙氟亞乙烯或雙氣亞乙烯;乙烯醚,諸如乙烯曱基 醚及丁基乙烯醚;乙烯基吡啶;不飽和酸,例如順丁烯二 酸、反丁烯二酸、曱基丙烯酸及其等之具有CrCm單-或二 醇之單-或二酯;順丁烯二酸酐、順丁烯二酸醯亞胺、以及 順丁烯二酸醯亞胺與芳香族、環脂肪族及可視需要選用之 分支鏈脂肪族取代基的N-聚代產物;丙烯腈及苯乙烯。氣 乙烯之接枝共聚物亦適用於該等組成物。可使用,例如經 氣乙烯接枝之乙烯共聚物(諸如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯)、及乙烯共 聚物彈性體(諸如EPDM,其係為含乙烯、丙烯及二烯之共 聚合單元的共聚物;及EPR,其係為含乙烯及丙烯之共聚 201204780 合單元的共聚物)作為該氣乙烯聚合物組份。 以該組成物之總重計,該等組成物典型上包括2〇至8〇 重量%聚氣乙烯樹脂。其包括其中以該組成物之總重計, 該組成物包括25至75重量%聚氣乙烯樹脂的實施例,且進 一步包括其中以該組成物之總重計’該組成物包括3〇至60 重量%氣乙稀樹脂的實施例。 熱塑性彈性體 該等組成物可選擇性包括一或多可作為抗衝擊改質劑 的熱塑性彈性體。若該組成物欲用於需要顯著可撓性的應 用,則此等彈性體之包含可為所欲彈性體”為可拉伸至 其原有長度的至少兩倍且當施加該拉伸之力釋放時可很快 速縮回至約其原有長度的似橡膠聚合物。於室溫下利用 ASTM D638-72之方法可知彈性體具有約1〇 〇〇〇 psi (68 95 MPa)或更小之彈性模數、及在未交聯狀態中通常大於細% 之伸長率。“熱塑轉性體” (TPE)為具有體之性質,但 可以像熱塑性塑膠-樣經加X的材料,现常係藉兩聚合 物之特殊嵌段共聚合反應或接絲合反應而製a。於各情 況中’該熱塑性彈性體含有至少兩嵌段,其中之一者具熱 塑性,而另一者具彈性。 熱塑性聚稀烴彈性體為可適用於本發明組成物之熱塑 Λ4- Μ ΛΑ ^ Ηλ 〇 lx .-.. 性彈性體的實例。“聚烯烴 、“PO”及類似名詞意指衍生自
201204780 扼-婦、三烯等)的共聚物。該等C3_C8 締烴之實例包括 丙烯' 1_丁烯、4_曱基戊烯、1-己烯、及1-辛烯。該 稀亦可含有-能產生α •稀煙(諸如3環己基]丙稀⑽兩 基己烧)及乙稀基-環己烧)之環狀結構,諸如環己燒或環 戊燒。雖然就本發明而言,並非該名詞之傳統意義的^稀 ^但疋某些裱狀烯烴(諸如降稍烯及相關稀烴)為α -烯烴 且可用以取代部份或所有上述心稀烴。類似地,就本發明 而》,笨乙烯及其相關烯烴(例如α_曱基苯乙烯等)為烯 煙。代表性共聚物包括乙稀/丙稀、乙稀/丁稀、乙烯〜辛稀、 乙烯/5-亞乙基-2-降箱烯、乙烯/5_乙烯基_2_降宿烯、乙烯 /-1,7-辛二烯、乙烯/7_曱基_丨,6_辛二烯、乙烯/苯乙烯、及乙 烯/1,3,5-己三烯。 若本發明組成物包括一熱塑性彈性體,則以該組成物 之總重§十,其等通常含不大於4〇重量。/❶熱塑性彈性體。其 包括以該組成物之總重計,包含不大於35重量%熱塑性彈 性體之組成物且進一步包含不大於30重量%熱塑性彈性體 之組成物。以該組成物之總重計,該等組成物内之熱塑性 彈性體的重量%之典型範圍為1〇至4〇重量%、15至35重量 %、及20至30重量%。 得自Teknor Apex之FLEXALLOY®為市售pvc樹脂、熱 塑性彈性體及相容劑的摻合物。 相容劑 相容劑係用以增強該P V C樹脂及其它聚合物組份(諸如 該等熱塑性彈性體)之混溶性。然而’在本發明組成物中, 201204780 該相容劑亦可用以使該等生化塑化劑與該pvc樹脂相容, 其相容程度足減料作為該等組絲内之減塑化劑或 在某些情況下作為僅有塑化。因此,在本發明組成物中, 甚至在該熱塑性彈性體組份不存在下,該等相容劑亦有效。 該等相容劑亦可作為該等組成物内之抗衝擊改質劑。 為了清楚起見,上賴雛彈性體之重量%私包括任何 熱塑性彈性相容劑。 合適相容劑之貫例包括,但不限於:氣化聚烯烴、乙 稀乙酸乙;ifs旨共聚物 '乙稀丙稀g《甲自旨共聚物、乙稀丙稀 酸丁酯共聚物、乙烯/乙酸根/一氧化碳三元共聚物、乙烯/ 丙烯酸根/一氧化碳三元共聚物、聚二氟亞乙烯、腈丁二烯 橡膠、環氧化聚丁二烯、環氧化天然橡膠、聚四氫呋喃、 戊二酸醯亞胺共聚物、熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯、及氣化聚胺甲 酸酯。該等組成物之氣化聚烯烴組份可以是,例如a)氣化 聚乙稀均聚物、b)含i)乙稀及…可共聚合單體之共聚合單元 的氣化共聚物、或c)其等之組成物。代表性氣化烯烴聚合 物包括a)乙烯之氣化均聚物及b)乙烯與至少一烯系不飽和 單體的氣化共聚物,該烯系不飽和單體係選自以下所組成 之群組:CVC丨〇 α單烯烴、c:3-C2〇單羧酸之C丨-C丨2烷酯、不 飽和CrC2〇單-或二羧酸、不飽和(:4-(:8二羧酸之酸酐、及不 飽和QrC,8羧酸之乙烯酯。亦包括氣化接枝共聚物。合適聚 合物之具體實例包括氣化聚乙烯(CPE);氣化乙烯乙酸乙烯 酯共聚物;氣化乙烯丙烯酸共聚物;氣化乙烯曱基丙烯酸 共聚物;氣化乙烯丙烯酸曱酯共聚物;氣化乙烯甲基丙烯
12 201204780 酸曱酯共聚物;氣化乙烯曱基丙烯酸正_丁酯共聚物;氣化 乙烯曱基丙烯酸環氧丙酯共聚物;乙烯及順丁烯二酸酐之 氯化接枝共聚物;及乙烯與丙烯、丁烯、3_曱基_丨_戊烯或 辛烯之氯化共聚物。該等共聚物可以是二元共聚物、三元 共聚物或更高階共聚物。較佳氣化烯烴聚合物為氯化聚乙 稀、及乙烯乙酸乙烯酯之氣化共聚物。市售氣化聚乙烯相 容劑的實例為得自The Dow Chemical Company之TYRIN® 4211P CPE。 當使用CPE作為該相容劑時,該CPE較佳具有約5至約 50重量%氣含量。該cpe之氣含量愈高,與該pvc之混溶性 或相容性愈佳。以該組成物之總重計,該等組成物典型上 3有1至30重直%相容劑。其包括以該組成物之總重計,含 2至20重量%相容劑的組成物,且進一步包括以該組成物之 總重計,含3至16重量❶/❶相容劑的組成物。 另外填料及添加物 該等組成物可另外含有填料、尤其有用的填料包括氧 化矽、黏土、二氧化鈦、滑石、碳酸鈣、及其它礦物填料。 該等組成物可另外含有其它配合成份,諸如熱-及光-穩定 劑、發泡劑、潤滑劑、色料、著色劑、加工佐劑、抗氧化 劑、交聯劑、阻燃劑、抗滴落劑、固化劑、增效劑及阻滞 劑、偶合劑、抗靜電劑、成核劑、助滑劑、黏度控制劑、 賦黏劑、抗堵塞劑、表面活化劑、增量油、酸清除劑、金 屬去活化劑等。此等額外組份之用途可以修飾該等組成物 以適用於各種應用。尤其有用的配合成份包括錫、鉛、鎖/ 13 201204780 錄及鈣/鋅熱穩疋劑。若存在填料及添加物,則以該組成物 之總重計,其等典型上佔該組成物之不大於約15重量%。 其包括以該組成物之總重計,含不大於10重量%及不大於5 重量°/〇填料及添加物的組成物。 組成物性質 可撓性及熱老化 該PVC樹脂、合適相容劑、生化塑化劑及可視需要選 用的熱塑性彈性體之組成可提供一適用於各種其中可撓性 為所欲之應用(諸如導線及纜線應用)的具足份可撓性(如藉 拉伸量及抗拉強度而測定)之組成物。因此,如根據ASTM D638所測定,該等組成物之某些實施例具有不大於4〇〇〇psi 之抗拉強度。其包括具有不大於35〇〇psi、不大於3000psi、 不大於2500psi、不大於20〇〇psi、且甚至不大於i〇〇〇psi之抗 拉強度的組成物。如根據ASTM D638所測定,這些組成物 亦可具有至少100%、至少200%、至少300%或至少400%之 斷裂伸長率。這些測定法係根據UL 1581,在自30密耳(mil) 厚飾板切成的狗骨(dogbone)上進行。 在某實施例中,該等組成物之熱老化性質優於包含該 PVC樹脂及該等生化塑化劑但不含合適相容劑與熱塑性彈 性體的組成物。例如如下文之實例1的比較試樣中所闡明, 在熱老化後,包含環氧化脂肪酸甲酯及環氧化大豆油之組 合作為僅有塑化劑的以PVC樹脂為主之組成物具有高抗拉 強度及劣拉伸量保留率。然而,藉包含合適熱塑性彈性體 及相容劑’如藉下文之實例1的發明試樣中所闡明’可顯著
14 201204780 改善該等組成物之抗拉強度及熱老化性質。因此,在某些 實施例中’於113。(:下熱老化’費時168小時後,該等組成 物具有至少20°/。、至少4〇%或甚至至少60%之拉伸量保留 率。就這些相同組成物而言,該生化塑化劑及相容劑之包 含可以於熱老化後提供減少的抗拉強度增加。因此,於113 C下熱老化,費時168小時後,該等組成物之某些實施例具 有不大於190°/。之抗拉強度增加。其包括於1丨3它下熱老 化’費時168小時後,具有不大於14〇%之抗拉強度增加的 組成物,且進一步包括於113。(:下熱老化,費時168小時後, 具有不大於120%之抗拉強度增加的組成物。 塑化劑相容性 在某些實施例中,相容劑及生化塑化劑之合適組合可 將生化塑化劑以改良的相容性併入該PVC樹脂内以得到一 可撓性大於不含該合適塑化劑之類似組成物的組成物。例 如如下文之實例2中所闡明,包括乙醯化蓖麻蠟及環氧化大 豆油與合適相容劑的以PVC樹脂為主之組成物的相容性優 於僅含該PVC樹脂及該等生化塑化劑的組成物。 可藉於室溫(23°C)下及/或熱老化後所進行之環形滲出 試驗而測定改良的相容性。就本揭示文而言,環形滲出係 根據ASTM D 3291(Standard Test Method for Compatibility of Plasticizers in Poly(vinyl chloride) Plastics Under Compression)測定,其係藉評定由於在180°環形曲管内產生 之壓縮應力而滲出的塑化劑數量以測定塑化劑在聚(氣乙 烯)塑膠内之相容性。簡言之’經由使用本方法,塑化聚(氣 15 201204780 乙烯)薄片之試樣係以約180。之弧形彎曲且牢牢固定在經 設計可使其等維持所欲構形的夾具内。於指定時間的間隔 下,移除一以反向彎曲180。的試樣,且藉目視檢測及藉以 乾食指擦拭該區域而檢查該環之前半内側的塑化劑滲出證 據。滲出之等級如下:(1)在環形物内完全乾燥=全無/〇 ; (2)易滑,該環形物之内側上有微量油狀物質=微量A ; (3) 易滑’該環形物之内側上有有限量的油狀物質=有限量 /2 ;及(4)易滑,該環形物之内側上有大量油狀物質:大量/ 滴漏/3。 蕭氏硬度(Shore Hardness): 可藉作為可撓性之測定法的蕭氏硬度值而表示本發明 組成物之特徵。就本揭示文而言,係根據ASTM D2240測定 蕭氏硬度。蕭氏A等級可用於“較軟”PVC樹脂組成物(例如 包括一彈性體抗衝擊改質劑的組成物)。因此,該等組成物 之某些實施例具有不大於75的蕭氏A硬度。其包括具有不大 於70之蕭氏A硬度的組成物且進一步包括具有不大於65之 蕭氏A硬度的組成物。蕭氏D等級係用於“較硬”pVc樹脂組 成物(例如未包括一彈性體抗衝擊改質劑的組成物)。因此, 該等組成物之某些實施例具有不大於55之蕭氏D硬度。其包 括具有不大於50之蕭氏D硬度的組成物且進一步包括具有 不大於45之蕭氏D硬度的組成物。 通常根據熟知PVC配混技藝者已知之習知乾摻或濕推 方法製備該等聚合物組成物。得自該摻合法之混合物可進 16 201204780 一步經混合機(諸如班伯利(Banbury)批式混合機、法勞 (Farrel)連續混合機或單或雙螺桿擠製機)配混。 在一實施例中,係藉使PVC粉末吸收該等生化塑化劑 以製造乾滲合物而製成本發明聚合物組成物。可使用任何 合適方法/裝置以製造該乾摻合物,該合適裝置包括,但不 限於:班伯利混合機、亨歇爾(Henschel)混合機或螺條摻合 機。除了該PVC及生化塑化劑外,該聚合物組成物可含有 其匕添加物。然後該乾摻合物可進一步經配混(例如經由熔 體擠製法)並形成任何所欲雜(賴、小片等” 物件 本發明之另一方面可提供含本發明之一或多種組成物 的物件,諸如模製或擠壓物件。 物件包括導線及纜線護套及絕緣體。因此,在某些實 施例中’該物件包括一金屬導體、及在金屬導體上之塗覆 物以提供能傳送電之“絕緣,,導線。如文中使用,“金屬導體,, 為至少一用以傳送電力及/或電信號的金屬組件。導線及纜 線之可挽性通常為所欲’因此該金屬導體可具有一固體橫 截面或可以由能使特定總導體直徑得到增加可撓性的較小 導線股組成。纜線通常由數種組件組成,諸如可形成内核 〜’然後藉能提供保護作用及裝飾外觀的纜線包皮層系統 而包圍的多絕緣導線。該纜線包皮層系統可合併金屬層, 諸如治或外裝(armor),且典型上在該表面上具有一聚合物 層°已併入該保護/裝飾纜線包皮層内之該一或多聚合物層 通常稱為纜線“護套(jacketing)”。就某些纜線而言,該包皮 17 201204780 層僅為包圍一纜線核心的聚合物護套層。亦有某些具有包 圍該等導體之聚合物單一層的纜線,該聚合物之單一層兼 具絕緣及護套的功用。本發明組成物可作為所有導線及纜 線產物(其包括電纜、及金屬與光纖通訊設施)中之該等聚合 物組份或可以存在於這些導線及纜線產物内。 實例 以下實例闡明用於製造根據本發明之熱塑性彈性體組 成物之方法的實施例。 實例1 材料及方法 以下材料係用於實例1之比較試樣(c S)及發明實試樣 (IS)。該PVC樹脂為OXY-VINYLS® 240F,其係為得自Oxy Vinyls,LP之聚氣乙烯均聚物。該環氧化脂肪酸曱酯 (e-FAME)為VIKOFLEX® 7010,其係為得自 Arkema,Inc·之 環氧化大豆脂肪酸醋。該環氧化大豆油為得自Ferro Corp之 PLAS-CHEK® 775 »該等熱塑性彈性體為AFFINITY® EG8150、其係為一乙烯-辛烯共聚物、及一具有0.5克/10分 鐘之炫化指數、0.866克/立方厘米之密度、89/11軟嵌段/硬 嵌段比、及在該軟嵌段内有18莫耳%乙烯之烯烴嵌段共聚 物(0BC)。這兩種彈性體係得自The Dow Chemical Company。該相容劑為TYRIN® 2348P,其係為得自The Dow Chemical Company之氣化聚乙烯。該組成物包含之添加物 為HUBERCARB® Q1T ’其係為得自Akrochem Corp.之碳酸 弼;Mark® 6797 ’其係為得自Chemtura之約·鋅熱穩定劑,
18 201204780 及IRGANOX 1076 ’ 其係為得自 ciba specialty chemicals 之紛系抗氧化劑。该比較式樣及發明實例之調配物示於 表1内。 C.S. 1及I.S. 1-3之調配物 表1 C.s. 1 I.S. 1 I.S. 2 I.S. 3 PVC (OXY-VINYLS 240F) 63.7 33.7 33.7 33.7 TYRIN CM2348P 10 16 16 AFFINITY EG8150 20 26 VIKOFLEX 7010 24 24 12 12 OBC 26 HUBERCARB Q1T 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 PLAS-CHEK 775 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Mark 6797 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 IRGANOX 1076 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 總共(重量%) 100 100 100 100 在經設定為40rpm之40厘米3布拉本德(brabender)混合 機内藉滚動摻合各該成份而製成該比較試樣及發明試樣 批。該混合機並未經氮滌洗。藉添加該等聚合物及其它成 份而進行混合,並於1饥下齡5分鐘。自舰合機移除 所形成組成物且於175°C下壓縮模製成3〇密耳厚飾板。 性質 以2英寸/分鐘之速率,根據ASTM D638在試樣上測定 抗拉強度及拉伸斷裂伸長率。測定3件未經老化試樣、於113 °C下老化168小時之3件試樣。及於136。(:下老化168小時之3 件试樣的抗拉強度及伸長率。然後計算該等老化試樣之抗 拉強度保留率及拉伸量保留率,其等係以百分率表示。 根據ASTM D2240測定該等未經老化試樣的蕭氏八硬 19 201204780 度。得自動態機械分析之該模數係自-l〇〇°C至+ 160°c (以5 °C/分鐘之速率)測得。 該等資料係示於第1圖及表2内。 表2 表1該等調配物之性質 未經老化 於113°C下,費時 168小時後之保留% 於136°C下,費時 168小時後之保留% 蕭氏A C.S. 1 82.8 N/A N/A I.S. 1 60.8 N/A N/A I.S. 2 74.8 N/A N/A I.S. 3 70.3 N/A N/A 抗拉強度(psi) C.S. 1 2778 213 216 I.S. 1 617 187 208 I.S. 2 911 114 115 I.S. 3 820 127 130 拉伸量(%) C.S. 1 325 1 4 I.S. 1 326 26 15 I.S. 2 409 47 29 I.S. 3 346 67 33 結果 於高溫下經熱老化後,含e-FAME及環氧化大豆油作為 僅有塑化劑,但並不含相容劑或彈性體的比較試樣1顯示拉 伸性質急劇惡化。反之,除了相容劑及聚烯烴彈性體外, 包含相同生化塑化劑的本發明試樣1至3較軟且可得到更佳 的低溫可撓性、以及在熱老化後顯著改善的拉伸量保留率。 實例2 材料及方法 以下材料係用於實例2之比較試樣(CS)及發明試樣 20 201204780 (IS)。該PVC樹脂為OXY-VINYLS 240F,其係為得自 Oxy-Vinyls,LP之聚氣乙烯均聚物。該環氧化大豆油為得自 Ferro Corp之PLAS-CHEK® 775。該乙醯化乾麻蠟(ACW)之 製法如下述。該相容劑為TYRIN® 4211P,其係為得自The Dow Chemical Company之氣化聚乙烯。該組成物包含的添 加物為SATINTONE® SP-33,其係為得自BASF Corp.之煅燒 鋁矽酸鹽;BAEROPAN® MC 90249 KA,其係為得自 Baerlocher GmbH之礦物穩定劑;及IRGANOX® 1076,其係 為得自Ciba specialty chemicals之酚系抗氧化劑。該等比較 試樣及發明試樣之具體調配物示於表3内。 表3 C.S. 2及I.S. 4-6之調配物 C.S. 2 I.S. 4 I.S. 5 I.S. 6 PVC (OXY-VINYLS 240F) 63.0 58.0 53.0 48.0 ACW 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.7 SATINTONE® SP-33 Clay 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 PLAS-CHEK 775 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.6 BAEROPAN® MC 90249 KA 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 IRGANOX® 1076 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 TYRIN® 421 IP 5.0 10.0 15.0 總共(重量%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 該乙醯化蓖麻蠛(ACW)之製法如下。將蓖麻蠛(3700克) 裝入5升(L)反應器内。將一機械撥拌器及一般蒸德玻璃器 皿安裝在該反應器内並藉外浴而加熱至1 〇〇°C之溫度。該葱 麻蠟熔化後,添加乙酸酐(1233克)。該溫度降至84°C且由於 放熱反應而上升至115°C。於115°C(内側)下維持該反應溫 度,費時8小時。使用自800至150毫巴(mbar)之真空壓力以 移除乙酸,直到酸值低於3毫克KOH/克為止。獲得液體產 21 201204780 物(ACW)。表4揭示所形成ACW之性質。 表4 該乙醯化Μ麻蠟之性質 2 性質 於室溫下之外觀 黃色液體 碘價(IV) 4 酸值(AN) 2.4 + 羥基值(OHN) 0 溶液溫度 194 水之重量°/〇 0.03 黏度 25〇C 345 40°C 150 密度(克/厘米3) 0.953 在表4内,ΑΝ=酸值(毫克ΚΟΗ/克),其係根據DIN 53402測定;密度(@25。〇係根據DIN 51757測定;IV=蛾價 (克12/100克),其係藉Deutsche Einheitsmethode DGF C-V Ua (53)或自技術資料表測定;〇HN=羥基值(毫克KOH/ 克),其係根據DIN 53240測定;溶液溫度(°C)係根據DIN 53408測定;黏度(毫巴)係根據ASTM D445 Brookfield 25°(:,4〇°(:測定;而水之重量°/。係根據0叫51777測定。 該等比較試樣及發明試樣之製法如下。將該環氧化大 豆油及ACW加熱至60°C ’費時一小時’授拌並以50/50重量 %濃度一起混合。然後藉在一容器内使用刮勺混合所有無 水成份(該等生化塑化劑及黏土填料除外)而調配固體混合 物。於90。(:及40rpm下使用具有西格瑪(sigma)葉片之4〇厘米3 布拉本德混合機混合該固體混合物,費時3〇秒。然後添加 該等生化塑化劑並持續混合36〇秒(6分鐘)。接著添加兮黏土 填料並持續混合60秒。然後停止該混合機並移除所形成乾
S 22 201204780 摻合物。 然後於18〇°C下使用具有凸輪轉子(4〇rpm)之40厘米3班 布本n合摻合物,費時12G秒。於18代下將 该所形成組成物批壓、_製成3G密耳厚飾板,費時5分鐘。 性質 以2英寸/分鐘之速率,根據ASTM D638在試樣上測定 柷拉強度及抗伸斷裂伸長率。測定3件未經老化試樣、、於 113°C下老化168小時之3件試樣、及於136<t下老化168小時 之3件試樣的抗拉強度(TS)及伸長率(TE)。然後計算該等老 化試樣之抗拉強度保留率(TSR)及拉伸量保留率(TER),其 等係以百分率表示。
根據ASTM D2240測定該等未經老化試樣的蕭氏D 硬度。 根據ASTM D3291 ’測定於23°C下經調整48小時之試樣 的環形滲出。 亦藉目視檢測已於113°C及136°C下老化7天之一英寸 直徑試樣而測定滲出。 結果: 實例2之資料示於表5内。發明試樣4(含5重量%〇?£)之 塑化劑滲出通常低於比較試樣2(亦即藉相容劑之添加,實 例4之塑化劑相容性改善)。根據該環形滲出試驗,實例5及 6(分別含10重量% CPE及15重量% CPE)亦顯示相對上更佳 的效能。實例4及6亦比比較例2還軟,其表示可減少塑化劑 的數量即能獲得該比較例之相同硬度’其可以使塑化劑於 23 201204780 高溫下之滲出極微。 表5 表3之調配物的性質
蕭氏 (D) 未經 老化 之TS psi 於113 °C下老 化168 小時後 之TSR (%) 於136 °C下老 化168 小時後 之TSR (%) 未經 老化 之 TE% 於113 °C下老 化168 小時後 之TER (%) 於136 °C下老 化168 小時後 之TER (%) 環形滲 出@ 室溫 得自環 形滲出 試驗的 應力白 化 於113 °C下老 化168 小時後 之滲出 於136 °C下老 化168 小時後 之滲出 C.S. 2 45.2 土 0.6 3623 土 72 97±3 91土5 266 ±12 %士 2 76士 12 Μ N Μ N I.S. 4 42.9 土 0.4 3211 土 114 92±4 94 土 3 252 土 2 100土0 91±1 S N Ν N I.S. 5 41.0 ±0.8 2078 土 269 91 士 13 96士8 195 ±18 94士 14 80±1 丨 VS S Η S I.S. 6 37.3 士 0.1 1102 土 176 118 土 13 111 土 16 108 土 77 138 土 367 108 土 318 N Μ Μ S N=全無;VS=極微;S=微;M=適度,H=重度 所有提到的元素週期表係指由CRC Press,Inc.於2003 年公開的元素週期表。而且,任何提到的一族或族群應該 指使用用以將族群編號的IUPAC系統在本元素週期表内表 示的該族或族群。除非另有表示、上下文所隱含或本項技 藝所習用,所有份數及百分率係以重量計且所有試驗方法 在本揭示文之提交日期時仍通用。就美國專利實務而言, 尤其就合成技術、產物及加工設計、聚合物、催化劑、定 義(其範圍與本揭示文中特地提供之任何定義並不一致)。及 本項技藝之知識的揭示文而言,任何參考專利、專利申請 案或公開案之内容全文在此併入本案以為參考資料(或其 同等美國版本亦併入本案以為參考資料)。 本揭示文中之數值範圍為近似值,且因此,除非另有 指定,可包括該範圍外的數值。數值範圍包括以一單位之 24 201204780 增量得自(且包括)低及高值的所有數值,其限制條件為任何 低值與任何高值之間有至少兩個單位的分隔。作為實例, 若一組成、物理或其它性質為自100至1,000,則其含義為 明確列舉所有各別數值,諸如100、1(H、102等;及亞範圍, 諸如100至144、155至170、197至200等。就含小於J之數值 或含大於1之分數(例如Μ、1.5等)的範圍而言,若合適一 單位被視為0.0001、0.001、〇.〇1或(U。就含小於1〇之個位 數(例如1至5)的範圍而言,一單位典型上被視為〇1。其等 僅為欲明確預定的實例,且在所列舉之最低值與最高值間 的數值之所有可此組合被s忍為欲明確揭示在本揭示文中。 不5W疋否明確地揭示相同的意義,該等名詞“包含”、 I括、具有”及其等之衍生字並無意排除任何額外組 份、步驟或程序的存在。為了避免任何疑惑,除非另有指 定,經由該名詞“包含”之使用而主張的所有組成物可包括 任何額外添加物、佐劑或化合物(不論是否聚合性化合物)。 反之’除了非操作所必需外’該名詞“基本上由以下所组成” 不包括任何後續列舉之任何其它組份、步驟或程序的範 圍。該名詞““下所組成”排除未财描述或列舉的任何 伤步驟或程序。除非另有指定,該名詞“或,,係指各別 以及呈任何組合之所列示成份。 “組成物,,及類似名詞意指2或多種組份的混合物或換 合物。“摻合物”及類似名詞意指2或多種聚合物的推合物、 二及具有各種添加物之聚合物的摻合物。此㈣合物可或 可不具混溶性。此種捧合物可或可不經相分離。此種換合 25 201204780 物可或可不含有一或多種如自穿透式電子光譜學、光散 射、X射線散射、及本項技藝中已知的任何其它方法所測定 的結構域構形。除非另有明確指定,當參考一化學化合物 使用時,單數包括所有異構形式且反之亦然(例如“己烷”分 別或集體上包括己烷的所有異構物)。該等名詞“化合物”及 “錯合物”可交換使用以指有機-、無機-及有機金屬化合物。 該名詞“聚合物”(及類似名詞)為藉使具相同或不同類型之 單體進行反應(亦即聚合反應)而製成的巨分子化合物。“聚 合物”包括均聚物及共聚物。 雖然已藉上述實例並參考圖示而相當詳細地描述本發 明,但是本詳述係用於闡明且不被視為對欲描述在附加申 請專利範圍内之本發明的精神及範圍之限制。 I:圖式簡單說明3 第1圖表示實例1之比較例及本發明實例之以溫度為變 數的動態模數之圖解。 【主要元件符號說明】 (無)
26
Claims (1)
- 201204780 七、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種組成物,其包含: 以該組成物之總重計,20至80重量%聚氣乙烯樹脂; 以該組成物之總重計,1至30重量%相容劑;及 以該組成物之總重計,5至60重量%生化塑化劑, 該等生化塑化劑佔該組成物之總塑化劑含量的至少5 0 重量%。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該組成物實質上 不含以酞酸酯為主的塑化劑。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該組成物實質上 不含非生化塑化劑。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其以該組成物之總重 計,含至少15重量%生化塑化劑。 5. 如申請專利範圍第2項之組成物,其進一步包含一熱塑 性彈性體。 6. 如申請專利範圍第2項之組成物,其中該等生化塑化劑 包含植物油之一環氧化衍生物,而該相容劑包含一氯化 聚乙烯。 7. 如申請專利範圍第2項之組成物,如藉ASTMD638而測 定,其於113°C下經熱老化168小時後,具有至少25%之 抗伸斷裂伸長保留率。 8. 如申請專利範圍第2項之組成物,其中該等生化塑化劑 包含植物油之一乙醯化衍生物以及植物油之一環氧化 衍生物,且該相容劑包含一氯化聚乙烯。 27 201204780 9. 如申請專利範圍第2項之組成物,其中如藉ASTMD3291 而測定,於23°C下該組成物具有微不足道或更佳的環形 渗出(loop spew)評比。 10. —種導線或纜線,其包含一含如申請專利範圍第2項之 組成物的護套層或絕緣層。 28
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- 2011-05-04 KR KR1020127031851A patent/KR101825239B1/ko active Active
- 2011-05-04 JP JP2013510171A patent/JP5797260B2/ja active Active
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| CA2798296C (en) | 2016-12-13 |
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| US8697787B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 |
| BR112012028732A2 (pt) | 2016-07-19 |
| BR112012028732B1 (pt) | 2020-04-07 |
| EP2569371A1 (en) | 2013-03-20 |
| CN102985481A (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
| MX2012013102A (es) | 2012-12-17 |
| EP2569371B1 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
| JP5797260B2 (ja) | 2015-10-21 |
| US20110272174A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
| CA2798296A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
| KR101825239B1 (ko) | 2018-02-02 |
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