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TW200940609A - Plasticizer system for polyvinyl chloride formulations: epoxidized fatty acid esters with a secondary plasticizer - Google Patents

Plasticizer system for polyvinyl chloride formulations: epoxidized fatty acid esters with a secondary plasticizer Download PDF

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TW200940609A
TW200940609A TW098104669A TW98104669A TW200940609A TW 200940609 A TW200940609 A TW 200940609A TW 098104669 A TW098104669 A TW 098104669A TW 98104669 A TW98104669 A TW 98104669A TW 200940609 A TW200940609 A TW 200940609A
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plasticizer
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polymer
epoxidized
fatty acid
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Robert F Eaton
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Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Llc
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D127/00Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D127/02Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C09D127/04Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C09D127/06Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/10Esters; Ether-esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/15Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
    • C08K5/151Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
    • C08K5/1515Three-membered rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L27/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L27/02Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L27/04Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08L27/06Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L9/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
    • C08L9/02Copolymers with acrylonitrile
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0016Plasticisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L101/00Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2666/00Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
    • C08L2666/02Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
    • C08L2666/04Macromolecular compounds according to groups C08L7/00 - C08L49/00, or C08L55/00 - C08L57/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08L2666/08Homopolymers or copolymers according to C08L7/00 - C08L21/00; Derivatives thereof

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Description

200940609 六、發明說明: 【發曰月所Λ之技術領域】 本發明通常係與聚合物之領域有關。明確地說,本發 明係與用於聚合物中以在所得到之聚合物/塑化劑複合物 5中,產生例如在所得到的聚合複合物中之更佳的可撓性、 柔軟性與可塑性之所需的物理特性的塑化劑有關。
【先前技術:J 舉例來說,例如鄰笨二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酸酯 Ο ("DEHP”)、鄰苯二甲酸二異壬酯("DINP"),以及其他的鄰 10苯二甲酸塑化劑等等之塑化劑,長久以來就是工業上之標 準塑化劑,其係與例如聚氣乙烯("PVC”)、聚二氯乙烯 ("PVDC")、乙稀基,以及類似聚合物與樹脂之同聚物與共 . 聚物的聚合物一起運用’以導入柔軟性與可塑性,並同時 在低溫下保有良好的抗拉強度以及抗碎裂性。舉例來說, 15鄰苯二甲酸塑化劑已經與例如PVC之堅硬聚合物一起運 用,以產生用於例如靜脈注射袋與管、模製孩童玩具之商 © 品中的可撓曲材料,以及需要將可撓性或柔軟度導入一聚 合物之各種不同的其他應用。 由於其等可以導入上述之物理特性,以及其等即使是 20在暴露於相對較高之溫度和濕度下,仍可以隨著時間的過 去而存在聚合物中之能力,諸如DEHP和DINP之鄰笨二 甲酸塑化劑曾是較受歡迎的塑化劑。然而,因為顧慮於其 等在健康上之潛在的不利影響,大眾觀念已促使許多消費 性產品之製造業者’停止使用鄰苯二曱酸來作為一塑化 200940609 劑。因此,在該技藝中非常需要具有較少的或是已經去除 «二甲《化劑’但是仍可以進行與mNp或是其他有 效之鄰苯二甲酸塑化劑相同的功能之塑化劑組成物。此 外’在廣泛㈣合物中具有較佳的耐雜與較高的相容性 =他的_苯二甲《化劑,會是在此技藝中非常需要 *值得注意的是’可以用於Pvc調配物中之塑化劑的無 ㈣二甲酸之具體例包括有環氧化大錢。衫地,環氧 =大為在PVC僅具備有限之溶解度,並且對許多應用而 糸為塑化不足的PVC。其他已經被確認為具有潛力之 塑化劑的環氧化合物’包括有由脂肪酸之㈣來製造 的兔氧基樹脂、該2.乙基己_環氧基樹脂,以及環氧化 撖欖油S旨。不幸地,由例如該大豆油的環氧甲自旨之脂肪酸 所製成的環氧化物係過於揮發性,而無法被用來作 的PVC塑化劑。 然而,目前仍然存在對於可以與其他塑化劑相容、具 適當的非揮發性、不是以石油為基礎的,同時能夠在目前 使用鄰苯二甲酸塑化劑之調配物中導人熱穩定性之無鄰笨 甲酸塑化劑的需求。其係進-步較佳地可以藉著研發新 賴的塑化調配物’而擴大其中使用Pvc、_ 4匕聚合物、酸 基官能基化聚合物、酸酐基官能基化聚合物,以及腈橡膠 之應用。在-些情況中,塑化劑或者塑化劑系統可能被證 實係可以被用來作為一酸清除劑。 C 明内】 200940609 基於這個目的,本發明所提供之替換塑化劑系統,係 包含有一作為主要塑化劑以及一第二塑化劑的環氧化脂肪 酸酯塑化劑。該替換設置系統可以用於例如導線與纜線的 絕緣層、導線與纜線的外套層、塗層、膠黏劑與模鑄物等 5 應用之許多種聚合物中。 適當的環氧化脂肪酸酯塑化劑,包括有環氧化生質柴 油以及生質柴油之脂肪酸酯的環氧化衍生物。基於本申請 案之目的,”生質柴油”這個術語在此係代表由蔬菜油類或 © 動物脂肪所衍生之長鏈脂肪酸的單烷基酯。較佳地,該生 10 質柴油係衍生自蔬菜油類。 同時,較佳地,該環氧化脂肪酸酯係為脂肪酸甲酯的 環氧化合物。更常見的是,該環氧化脂肪酸酯可以是任何 的環氧化脂肪酸(^-(:14酯,其包括有乙基、丙烷基、丁基 與2-乙基己基酯。 15 環氧化脂肪酸酯可以許多不同的傳統方法來加以製 備。舉例來說,天然油類可以被用來作為起始材料。在該 ® 情況中,該天然油類可以被皂化為脂肪酸,然後以醇來加 以酯化。然後,低分子量酯類係被環氧化。該未飽和酯類 可以一過酸類來加以環氧化。 20 或者,該脂肪酸的縮水甘油酯可以藉由環氧氯丙烷或 是相關化學物品來加以製備。在又另外的替代例中,其可 以將三酸甘油酯以醇類來加以轉酯化,然後以一過酸來將 該未飽和脂肪酸酯加以環氧化。 製備脂肪酸甲酯的環氧化合物之一具體例係由大豆 5 200940609 油開始,其中該大豆油係以甲醇來加以轉酯化,以在該油 類中製備S亥脂肪酸曱酯。丙三醇會因為其之不可溶性,而 自該產物中移除。配置於乙酸乙酯中之過乙酸溶液,係被 用來將该爿曰肪酸上之雙鍵環氧化。該過酸係被維持在低於 5 35%之過酸以及攝氏35度下,以避免爆炸現象。在完成之 後,該乙酸乙酯以及乙酸產物係經由真空汽提作用而移除。 在以該聚合物進行調配時,該主要的塑化劑係以每一 百份橡膠具有大約〇·1至大約6〇分之含量而存在。 適當的第二塑化劑包括具有低於該環氧化脂肪酸酯 10之蒸汽壓的任何塑化劑。舉例來說,在該環氧化脂肪酸酯 係為脂肪酸甲酯的環氧化物時,適當第二塑化劑係較佳地 為環氧化大豆油。第二塑化劑包括有環氧化大豆油、環氧 化亞麻子油與其他蔬菜油類之環氧化合物,以及例如以石 油為基礎之鄰苯二甲酸酯、氯化烴'偏苯三酸酯,以及以 15峨酸鹽為基礎之塑化劑的傳統塑化劑。特別是在其需要防 火性時,一磷酸鹽塑化劑將會是適當的。 較佳地,該第二塑化劑並不是一鄰苯二甲酸酯。同樣 地’較佳地’該替換設置系統並不具有鄰苯二甲酸酯。 在以該聚合物進行調配時,該第二塑化劑係以每一百 20份橡膠具有大約0.1至大約60分之含量而存在。較佳地, 該主要與第二塑化劑係以1:1的比例來存在。 運用本發明的替換塑化劑系統之適當的聚合物,包括 有鹵化聚合物、酸基官能基化聚合物、酸酐基官能基化聚 合物,以及腈橡膠。較佳地,該聚合物係為一鹵化聚合物。 200940609 更佳地,該鹵化聚合物係為一選自於由PVC同聚合物、PVC 共聚物、聚二氣乙烯(PVDC),以及氯乙烯與乙烯類、丙烯 類和其他共單體之聚合物的PVC聚合物。其他適當的鹵化 聚合物之具體例係為氣化聚烯烴與氯化橡膠。 5 ❹ 10 15 φ 適當的酸基官能基化聚合物包括有丙稀酸官能基化 聚合物。特別地,該系統也可以被用於需要塑化劑來減少 玻璃轉化溫度或是改良堅軔度之丙烯類與其他聚合物中。 調配物可能更進一步包含填料、色素、包含有安定劑 之金屬離子、紫外線安定劑、潤滑劑、金屬皂化物、安定 劑之氧化物、額外的塑化劑,以及加工佐劑。 K:實施方式】 具體例 下列的非偈限性具體例係用來例示說明本發明。 具體例1和比較具體例2 一經簡化的PVC導線絕緣調配物係以一主要與一第 二塑化劑來加以生產。該所使用之PVC係為具有一係為70 之K值的Oxychem 240F聚氯乙烯同聚物。該碳酸妈從由 Huber Materials公司所取得。該二月桂酸二丁基錫(DBTDL) 係由Arkema公司所取得。該環氧化大豆油係由Ferro公司 所取得。 該比較具體例係使用一係為傳統塑化劑,並且係自 VWR International公司所取得之鄰苯二曱酸二異癸S旨 (DIDP)作為主要塑化劑來加以製備。本發明的具體例則係 以用來作為主要塑化劑之環氧化生質柴油來加以製備。 20 200940609 每一種成分之含量均係以每一百份的橡膠(phr)下所 佔有之伤數為基礎來顯示。 該目標坡壤轉化溫度(Tg)係為攝氏40-50度。 表1 组成物 ~~~~ 具«例1 比較具«例2 PVC 100 100 DIDP ~~~—-- 40 環氧化生質秦15~~一— 28 CaC〇3 10 10 DBTDL 4 4 環氧化大豆油 2 2 __物理性質 Tg 攝氏42度 攝氏42度 具體例3和比較具體例4 一經簡化的PVC電氣纜線外套層調配物係被加以生 產。§亥PVC係為具有一係為7〇之κ值的Oxychem 240F t氯乙稀同5^物。該奴酸妈係由Huber Materials公司所取 10得。一 Zn/Ca穩定劑係以MARK:™ 6797 Zn/Ca穩定劑,而 自Chemtura Corporation公司所取得。該抗氧化劑係為可以 自 Ciba Corporation 公司所取得之 IRGan〇xtm 1〇76 單官 能基受阻酚抗氧化物。該環氧化大豆油係自Ferr〇 c〇rp公 司所取得。每-種成分均係以其等在每—百份橡膠(phr)中 15 所佔之份數為基礎來顯示。 針對老化評估,每種調配物之測試樣本均係在攝氏 ⑽度下處理H)天。為了達成所需之工業效能,其需要維 持至少65%之最初伸長量。 200940609 表2 組成物 具體例3 比較具體例4 PVC 100 100 環氧化生質柴油 27.5 55 環氧化大豆油 27.5 CaC03 68 68 Zn/Ca穩定劑 2.5 2.5 抗氧化物 0.05 0.05 物理性質 支撐力A 85 75 斷裂伸長率(最初狀態) 260% 400% 斷裂伸長率(經老化的) 180% 200% %殘餘延伸率 73% 50% t:圖式簡單說明3 (無) 5 【主要元件符號說明】

Claims (1)

  1. 200940609 七、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種塑化劑系統組成物,其包含有: (a) —主要塑化劑,其係由一環氧化脂肪酸酯塑化劑所組 成,以及 (b) —第二塑化劑。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之塑化劑系統組成物,其中該主 要塑化劑,係選自於由環氧化生質柴油以及生質柴油的 脂肪酸酯之環氧化衍生物所組成的群組。 3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之塑化劑系統組成物,其中該生 質柴油係衍生自一蔬菜油。 4. 如申請專利範圍第2項之塑化劑系統,其中該環氧化脂 肪酸酯係為一脂肪酸甲酯的環氧化物。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之塑化劑系統,其 中該第二塑化劑係選自於由環氧化大豆油、環氧化亞麻 子油、其他蔬菜油的環氧化合物、氯化烴、偏苯三酸S旨, 以及以磷酸鹽為基礎之塑化劑所組成的群組。 6. 如申請專利範圍第5項之塑化劑系統,其中該系統係不 具有鄰苯二甲酸。 7. 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之塑化劑系統,其 中該第二塑化劑係為一以石油為基礎的鄰苯二甲酸酯。 8. —種塑化聚合組成物,其包含有: (a) —聚合物,其係選自於由鹵化聚合物、酸基官能 基化聚合物、酸酐基官能基化聚合物,以及腈橡膠所組 成之群組;以及 200940609 (b)—如申請專利範圍第1-6項中任一項之塑化劑系 統。 9. 一種無鄰苯二甲酸塑化聚合物組成物,其包含有: (a) —聚合物,其係選自於由鹵化聚合物、酸基官能 基化聚合物、酸酐基官能基化聚合物,以及腈橡膠所組 成之群組;以及 (b) —如申請專利範圍第7項之塑化劑系統。 10. 如申請專利範圍第8或9項之塑化聚合物組成物,其中 該聚合物係選自於由PVC同聚物、PVC共聚物、聚二 氯乙烯(PVDC),以及氯乙烯與乙烯、丙烯以及其他共單 體之聚合物所組成的群組之聚氯乙烯聚合物。 11. 一種纜線,其包含有一或更多的電氣導體或一或更多的 電氣導體之一核心,各導體或核心均係以一包括如申請 專利範圍第8-10項中任一項之該塑化聚合組成物之層 來加以包覆。
    11 200940609 四、指定代表圖: (一) 本案指定代表圖為:第( )圖。(無) (二) 本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明: 五、本案若有化學式時,請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學式:
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