TW200831008A - Method for reducing acrylamide formation in thermally processed foods - Google Patents
Method for reducing acrylamide formation in thermally processed foods Download PDFInfo
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- TW200831008A TW200831008A TW097102629A TW97102629A TW200831008A TW 200831008 A TW200831008 A TW 200831008A TW 097102629 A TW097102629 A TW 097102629A TW 97102629 A TW97102629 A TW 97102629A TW 200831008 A TW200831008 A TW 200831008A
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- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004337 magnesium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KPRZOPQOBJRYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-hydroxybenzylamine Natural products NCC1=CC=CC=C1O KPRZOPQOBJRYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940050271 potassium alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H trimagnesium dicitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B4/00—Preservation of meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/03—Drying; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23B4/033—Drying; Subsequent reconstitution with addition of chemicals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B4/00—Preservation of meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
- A23B4/18—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B4/20—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B4/00—Preservation of meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
- A23B4/18—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B4/20—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23B4/22—Microorganisms; Enzymes; Antibiotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
- A23L19/12—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops of potatoes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
- A23L19/12—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops of potatoes
- A23L19/18—Roasted or fried products, e.g. snacks or chips
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/10—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Description
200831008 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於-種降低熱加功品中丙_胺含量的方法。本發明使 食物產品中之丙_胺含量晴降低。本方法係仙將—含有天門冬素的 脫水食品再水化之技術。 【先前技術】
化學成分丙烯酿胺常以其聚合物型態應用於工業範嘴,例如水處理 加強浮油回收、造紙、凝聚劑、增稠劑、礙石處理與免烫織品等。近年來, 已經證實衫衫含有__賴。㈣醯酿要魏於跡熱或以高 溫加工之碳水化合物食物產品中。經證實含有丙__食品包括伽啡= 早餐榖片、餅乾、洋芋片、脆餅、鮮炸洋芋、麵包捲餅與油炸裹粉肉排等。 由於食物中發顏_胺歧年來才職產生的現象,其確實的形成機制 至今尚未有斷論。植於__單體存在於食品巾鱗吾人所樂見 界亟需-種顯著降低或消除熱加功品中丙顧胺之方法。 【發明内容】 本發明為-種降低熱加工食品中丙烯醯胺含量 v y戍,依據其一種實 紅例,本發明係包含-降低-洋芋片中丙烯醢胺含量之 、 ^ 床,該方法包含 提供-脫水洋芋片,以-再水化溶液使該洋芋片再水化以形成—天严夂 缺乏洋芋片,並熱加工該天門冬素缺乏洋芋片。 、素 在-實施例中,本發明提供一降低熱加工食品中之辦酿胺之方法, 該方法包含提供-源自植物的食品,該食品之複數細胞壁中包含—原生 6 200831008 門冬素含1,將該源自植物的食品脫水以製成一脫水食品,並將該脫水食 品置於一再水化溶液中使其再水化,俾使該再水化食品具有降低的天門冬 素含ϊ ’該降低的天門冬素含量較該原生天門冬素含量降低至少50%。本 發明之上述與其他特點將藉以下之詳細說明加以陳明。 【實施方式】
熱加工食品中丙烯醯胺的形成須具備碳源與氮源。假設由碳水化合物源做 為碳的來源,而氮則由蛋白質或胺基酸來源提供。許多源自米、小麥、玉 米、大麥、大豆、洋芋與燕麥等植物的食品成分中均含有天門冬素,並多 半為包含少量胺基酸的碳水化合物。通常,此等食物成分中具有一小型胺 基1池,其間除了天門冬素亦包含其他胺基酸。蛋白質的堆彻磚通常有二 十種標準胺基酸,這些胺基酸亦包含於上次食品成分中,其包含但不限於, 離胺酸(lysine)、丙胺酸(alanine)、天門冬素(asparagine)、縠胺醯胺 (glutamine)、精胺酸(arginine)、組胺酸(histidine)、胺基乙酸(glycine)與天門 冬胺酸(aspartic acid)等等。 「熱加工」意指食物或混合多種成分的食物成份於大氣壓力下加熱至食 物溫度高於12G°C _理減。食物或食物成份的熱處雖理想的溫度為 約U)0T S 205T之間。在-實施例中,—熱加工食品係加熱至_食:溫 度高於約12GT。在-實施例中,冑源自植物的食品以油溫介於約縦f ⑽。〇至約375T (190。〇之熱油加以油炸,更理想的油溫為介於約響f (m〇C)至約3請(觀)之間。在-實施例中,該源自植物的食品在熱油 中炸至其水分含量低於約抓’更理想的水分含量為介於約1%至約撕重量 7 200831008 • &。时贼侧可能於祕條紅職祕單跡熱加工而成。 • .在此所朗熱加工食品可能為-已雜加1的食品原料,及/或-生 • I品疆。熱加功品騎的範例之—鱗芋碎片,其係麵將生洋芋暴 露於高達觀的高溫中而製成。其他熱加工食物成分的範例還包括加工 燕麥、脫水米飯、熟製大豆產品、墨西哥玉米粉、烘培咖啡豆與供烤可可 ' 丑。範例的生食品成分包括生洋芋切片,其係可經加熱製成洋芋片或薯條, _ 例如’將生洋芋切片以約鮮c至約2〇5〇c的溫度油炸。 當如離胺酸與丙紐等絲酸魏如__單糖經加熱時,並不會產 生丙烯醯胺(見範例i與2)。然而,當胺基酸天門冬素與單糖一同加熱時, • 便會造成顯著的丙烯醯胺形成(見範例1與3)。但天門冬素與另一胺基酸, ' 如離麟,和單糖—同加熱,她於财天Η冬素與胺基_時加熱,卻 會造成丙烯醯胺生成量的大幅增加。 已知田天Η冬素與單糖-同加熱會形成丙烯醯胺,因此可藉由抑制天門 • 冬素的活性達成降低熱加工食品中丙烯醯胺生成量的效果。「抑制活性」意 和由艮物巾去除天門冬素,錢轉換或以其他化學物干擾天門冬素對丙 烯醮胺形成的效用,使天門冬素在丙烯醯胺形成路徑中無法反應。例如, 可使用溶遽作用抑制天門冬素。當溶液之酸驗值維持於略酸或略鹼時,尤 、·ρΗ5-9時’天門冬素於該水溶液中的可溶性可以提高。也可藉由發 酵抑獻Η冬素。或者,也可藉由合成蛋自_制天門冬素活性。天門冬 素活性也可經由添加二價陽離子,如以乳酸約、檸檬酸約或頻果酸約的形 式加入#5而加以抑制。 200831008 ' ㈣切冬素^性的财妓使天素麟素天样胺酶接 : 觸。天冬醯胺射將天Η冬素天冬魏與氨。使狀冬醯_之範例係如 範例5之說明。 另一種抑制天門冬素活性的方法是將食品脫水,而後將之再水化,使 處理後的食品較未處理的相同食品具有降低的天門冬素含量 。此種方法藉 由以下敘述及範例6-8加以說明。 根據上述-雜财法’食品包含料製狀生科切#,係在 之月ίΐ選擇性地去皮並切為適當厚度之片體,以形成洋芋切片。在脫水前, 此等生洋芋切片可經漂白或不經漂白。 適當的脫水洋芋片係可經商業管道購得,如美國北卡羅來納州溫特菲 爾市和諧屋食品公司(Hamony House Foods of Winterville,North Camlina)。 或者,通常具有原始溼度約70〇/〇至約80%之生洋芋片,可經業界習知之一 或夕種水为去除方法加以脫水,該等方法包括但不限於紅外線烘箱、微波 烘箱與對流烘箱。精於此技藝人士均熟知食品片脫水方法。在此所述,脫 t 水定義為一非油介質中之水分去除步驟,將水分去除至足以當食品脫水片 再水化時,相較於脫水前的食品片含有50%以下之天門冬素。在此所述, 脫水食品片為任何經脫水並在其後之再水化後成為缺乏天門冬素食品之食 品片。在此所述,缺乏天門冬素食品之天門冬素含量相較於脫水前食品片 之天門冬素含量減少約50%,較理想為減少約70%,或更理想為減少約9〇%。 處理後的洋芋片,定義為再水化之脫水洋芋片,相較於未處理之食品 片具有較低的天門冬素含量。在此所言,未處理之食品片為—尚未脫水之 200831008 新鮮食品片。 只要能使再水化後的天門冬素含量相較於原生天門冬素含量降低 50%以上,本發明可使用任何適合的脫水方式與作業溫度/時間。在一實施 例中’脫水步驟係在大氣壓力或低於大氣壓力下進行之一冷凍乾燥步驟。 在貝施例中,脫水係在大氣壓力下以相對低熱條件進行,例如以低於約 165 °F (74°C)之烤箱溫度。而在一實施例中,以介於約71〇c與約74〇c間 之溫度加熱約45分鐘至約1小時,直到溼度低於約5%重量比,理想為4% 重量比,或更理想為3%重量比,最理想為約1%至約2%重量比之間。以上 數值係為說明而非限制本發明之用。以上僅係提供一可用脫水方式與溫度/ 時間組合之範例。精於此技藝人士藉由本發明之揭露應可採用其他介質如 微波、紅外線、對流及其他習知方式於大氣壓力或其他壓力條件以變化出 各種脫水方式,可在隨後的再水化程序後使一食品之天門冬素含量降低至 該食品原生天門冬素含量之約5〇%。 在一貝施例中,食品片在大氣壓力下以低熱條件脫水。所謂大氣壓力 下之低熱條件定義為使一食品片在一介於約11〇〇F (43〇C)至約165叩(74〇c) 之烘箱溫度巾则d理想之乾練度。大氣壓力下超過Ι65σρ (Μ%的供 箱溫度可能造成細賴*當破裂。在此所言,低絲件為造成食品片脫水 但未叉煮該食品狀-脫水健。雜低祕件可使料細軸之殿粉部 分膠化,但不致破化洋芋細胞間之鍵結或造成細胞壁破裂。 根據本實施例之-細,脫轉芋片於_再水化溶液中再水化。該再 水化溶液可保存於任何溫絲圍且該洋料可保存於該溶液中維持一製成 200831008 : 切冬素缺乏洋芋請需的時間。在-實施例中,該再水化溶液包含-溫 度’I於約1 C至約18 C ’較理想的溫度為介於㈣%至約。此溫度範 圍可製成祕水化後職結實的洋芋邮。推論丙烯醯胺之前導物天門冬 素係於再水化之時料芋片巾域出來。洋芋片之再水化應至少達成該洋 芋片中之天門冬素較未處理之洋芋片減少含約5〇%,較理想為減少7〇%, 、 $加為減少之天門冬素含量。在-實施辦,脫水洋料再水化至- • 介於約30%至約80%重量比之水分含量。 根據-實施例’該再水化溶液包含水。根據另—實施例,該再水化溶 液進-步包含-或多種丙烯醯胺降低劑。因為天門冬素為丙烯醯胺之前導 物f,-天Π冬素降侧即等於-丙職胺降侧,目紐低天門冬素的 #理或化學處理使得較少天Η冬素可轉換成丙烯醯胺,從而導致降低的 丙烯醯胺含量或濃度。然而,應注意反之則不必然為真,例如,某些丙烯 酿胺降低劑之作用在破壞已經形成之丙稀醯胺分子而非天門冬素。 • 在某些實施例中,再水化溶液包含一或多種丙烯醯胺降低劑,該一或 多種丙稀醯胺降低劑係選自天冬醯胺酶、一或多種自由硫醇、選擇性地使 用還原劑、一或多種胺基酸以及一或多種具有低於約60之pKa值的ρΗ 還原鹽。該自由硫醇係選自半胱胺酸、Ν_乙醯_L_半胱胺酸 (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)、N-乙醯·半胱胺(N-acetyl-cysteamine)、還原型縠胱甘 肽(glutathionereduced)、二硫代蘇糖醇與酪蛋白。該一或多種胺基酸係選自 半胱胺酸、離胺酸、穀胺醯胺、組胺酸、丙胺酸、甲硫胺酸、麵胺酸、天 門冬胺酸、脯胺酸、苯丙胺酸、纈胺酸舆精胺酸。而此等鹽係包含,但不 11 200831008 限於氯化舞、礼酸转、蘋練約、葡萄糖峡、麟酸二氫詞、醋酸舞、 乳酶贿$、丙_、硬脂嶋_、氯化鎮、檸檬酸鎂、乳酸鎮、頻 果酸鎮、葡萄糖酸鎮、魏鎂、硫酸鎂、六水氯化銘、氯化銘、綱装、、 鉀明礬、納明礬、硫酸銘、氯化鐵、反丁稀二酸亞鐵、乳酸鐵、硫酸鐵、 氯化銅’糖酸銅、硫酸銅、葡萄糖酸辞以及植辞。此等兩_胺降 鋪係如美國專射請第聰3,364號案所揭露者。在此__併參照。唯當 上述之參照巾請與本㈣有所驗時,財個之揭露為準。 以下提出之範例將用以說明本發明之數種實施例。 範例一: 本酬證實單賴離驗騎形柄烯_。取約G.2歧_糖與約 〇.1公克L-離胺酸水化物以及〇.2毫升水混合於一 2〇毫升頂空分析瓶。將 分析瓶喃錢後置於氣相層析烘射,以下述之溫度條件加熱:初始 溫度設定為卿,而後每分鐘增加2(rc,直到2〇(rc,保持於細。c下 • 2分鐘,轉將分龍冷卻至歡。加織之混合物籠並触。將反應 混合物以100毫升水萃取,並使用GC_MS量測其中丙稀酿胺含量。當葡萄 糖與L-離胺酸水化物—同加熱,並未測得丙烯醯胺生成(測知下限為 50PPb)。若義反應(Maillani_tiG___的來源,獅胺酸反應遙 合物應包含丙烯醯胺因為反應混合物已普遍變為褐色。 範例二: 本範例證實丙稀醯胺並非由單糖與丙胺酸形成。採用與範例一相同之方 法,但胺基酸部分則使用L_丙胺酸。同樣未能測得高於測知下限十億分之 12 200831008 50的丙烯醯胺含量。 範例三: 本範例證實單糖與天門冬素會形成丙烯醯胺。再次採用與範例一相同之 方法’但胺基酸部分則使用單水L-天門冬素。當反應混合物以水萃取並利 用GC-MS分析其中丙烯醯胺含量,反應混合物中測得十億分之55,1〇6的 丙烯醯胺含量。以初始(U公克天n冬素輯,代表稱醯胺產出率為約 9〇/〇 〇 範例四: 本範例證實單糖、天門冬雜另—絲酸會形成丙職胺。採用與範例 1相同之方法,但絲酸部分舰財比例,及各為αι公克之L-離胺酸水 化物與單水L·天門冬素。檢測反航合物巾丙_胺含量,制十億分之 2擊的丙稀醯胺含量。以初始天門冬素與離胺酸用量而計,代表丙烯醯 胺產出率為約37%。
範例五*
本範例證實當天門冬素與葡萄糖一同加熱時,若同時有酵素天冬麵 ㈣a_se)之存在,則丙稀醯胺之產生量降低。將酵素天冬酿胺賴 ph 8.6之G.G5 Μ三麵酸緩驗(T_ydr。編e _咖)轉成洲 冬醢胺酶減。繼對舰之天冬_驗,明朦c將一糾 性天冬_赫液蝴Μ分鐘轉麵素。麵驗巾,將軌i衫 門冬素無2〇毫升輪岐轉_雜·— n毫狀了貞空分㈣ &。而在活嫩筒,㈣錢嶋筒細冬素與2M 13 200831008 ‘ 活性天冬醯胺酶溶液混合於2〇毫升之頂空分析瓶。瓶中之酵素含量為25〇 : 酵料位。_域活㈣姐合_進機複實驗。較析瓶保存於約 " 37°C下2小時,之後置入80°C烘箱加熱40小時使其揮發乾燥。加熱後, 每一瓶中加入0.2毫升水。而後將分析瓶置入氣相層析烘箱,並經以下溫度 設定處理··由起始溫度4(TC以每分鐘2(TC加溫至約20(TC,停留於約 200 C約2分鐘,而後冷卻至約4〇°c。反應混合物以5〇毫升水萃取,並 以GC-MS測量水中丙烯醯胺。測得結果如下表1所示:
測試對象 丙烯醯胺(ppb) 降低百分比 對照1 334,810 324,688 對照2
天冬醯胺酶與葡萄糖造成之丙烯醯胺形成 如上表所示’以酵素處理之系統將天門冬素分解為天冬胺酸與氨而使丙 活性天冬醯胺酶1 活性天冬醯胺酶2 表一
烯醯胺產生量降低逾".9%。本實魏餅低天門冬素濃度献門冬素之反 應性,將減少丙烯醯胺形成。 範例六: 本範例證明經處理(乾燥/再水化)洋芋切片之天門冬素含量減少遠高於 未處理洋于切>;。新解字纽伽域厚度力謂英奴^会兩組乾燥 洋芋切片係購自和諧屋食品公司伸麵即?〇〇也),其乾燥前厚度約 為 奂才’並具有初始溼度約3·7%重量比,將之以約4公升48叩(9。匸) 200831008 ' 之再水化减再水化24小時,使紐到達7爾量比。第-組含中將2〇0 ‘ 魏水切片以4公升不含酵素之水進行再水化,第二組則將2〇〇克脫水切 以乂 4么升合4〇,_單位酵素天冬醯胺酶之水繼進行再水化。 每、、且各取兩個樣本分析其巾天門冬素,每-組平均制結果如下表2所 示0 試對象~ ~-Ί 、1> ^ Λ y 一 — 表處理浸 __八厂 j τ tnmoi/gj 522.52 — 減少% 肌;于T刀月以水再水 化 71.34 86.3% 脫水洋芋 ^~-- 水化 -------- 1.68 S------- 99.7% 表一:再水化洋芋切片之天門冬素含量 實者’水驗巾之脫水料切將低天門冬素之效果 超出浸泡於同量水溶液中之未處理洋芋切片之效果,其增加約祕之天π 冬素降低。以天冬缝再水化之脫水料則她於浸紐同量水 溶液之同量未處理洋芋切片降低天門冬素之效果超出約·。 範例7 : 本犯例證實脫水洋芋邮於再水化步射降低天門冬素含量之較果遠 勝於未處理之洋字切#。本實驗並證實根據本發明之—種實施例,可達成 油炸洋芋则林含可測知標準之丙稀醯胺。 約2〇〇公克未處理洋字切為咖英对薄片並進泡於7公升梢^ (7。〇 不含酵素之水巾5小時,對洋字切片與水進行天Η冬素檢測。水㈣得似6 嶋l/g之天Η冬素而洋芋切片中導355.9咖他之天門冬素,指出當生 洋芋切片浸泡於冷卻溶液中,溶濾颇天門冬素量較少。 15 200831008
將原始尽度為⑽5·英奴切W聊(撕)之烘箱溫度加熱5〇分鐘 製成一又為約2』/。重1比之脫水切#。爲進行比較,將部分切片以水溶液 再。水化。,部分則以酵素溶液再水化。約綱公克脫水洋芋切片以^公升 ()不S酵素水再水化約5小時,至座度約68%到約聊。重量比。對 再水化年于切片與水進行間冬素檢測,水巾天門冬素含量為202.51 麵i/g再水化洋芋切片天門冬素含量為64·88漏他,表示相同浸泡條件 下脫水洋竿切片溶濾出的天門冬素遠多於生洋芋切片。 接著將約2〇〇公克脫水洋芋切片以包含約4〇,_單位酵素與7公升 水調製的衍(7Τ)輸錄浸_ 5 4、萌水化至贿約_丨約肌重 量比。處理後之洋芋切片測出天門冬素含量為G.17 nmol/gram。處理後之 洋芋切片繼而以3卿⑽。c)之玉米油油炸2分鐘ι〇秒(2:1〇),使澄度達 到約2.1% ’接著測量丙稀酿胺含量。丙職胺含量低於測知下限,即低於 約十億分之1G。實驗7的所有結果列於表3,其中「_」表示未進行測量, 而「ND」表示低於十億分之1〇。 天門冬素. (nmol/g)(洋 天門冬素_ imn〇i/gi£sm 丙烯醯胺(ppb)
表三··再水化料切片與再水化溶液之天門冬素與丙獅胺含量 200831008 如所示實施例,從浸泡水溶液之脫水洋芋切片中溶遽出的天門冬辛量 遠大於未處理之洋芋切片(服…Μ)。以水溶祕水化洋竿切片中殘留 的天門冬素量雜機泡於_德液之未處料芋。社杨胺酶溶液 再水化之脫料芋切片降低献門冬素量超出浸泡於同量水雜中的同量 生洋芋切片逾99.9%。此外,當简素溶液再水化之洋芋切諸扮叩 ⑽W油炸至渔度約2.1%後’其中丙稀醯胺含量低於測知下限十億分之 10。本實驗證明不論以水或天冬醯_再水化脫水洋芋切片皆能降低丙稀 醯胺之形成量。 範例8 : 本範例係轴概水科則财伙含有天麵麟之丙烯酿胺降 低溶液中再水化_差騎其中天n冬素含量之影響。本範舰—步說明 經處理(脫水後再水化)之鱗洋芋切片中同時造成_烯_含量降低情 形。 備製處理洋芋切片,將厚度為約_英对之新鮮洋竿切片以約聊 (〜74 C)之烘箱溫度脫水i小時,使溼度達到約4%至約5%重量比。將脫水 洋芋切片以約卿(6。〇之14公升溶液(純水溶液與含有約4〇,_單位天冬 酿麟之酵素溶液)分別歷經不同時間(5分鐘、3〇分鐘、6〇分鐘與2小時) 之再水化。再水化之後,對洋芋切片及再水化溶液檢測天門冬素含量。部 分經處理的洋芋切片以約353°F (178。〇之玉米油油炸約2分%秒至2分 40秒(2:30至2:40),倾度達到L3%至約丄4%重量比,隨後測量其丙婦 酿fe含里。結果如下表四所示。 17 200831008 %
如表四所示,經再水化之脫水洋芋切片以相當快的速度將天門冬素溶據 入相對較冷的卿(6。〇再水化錄巾。本實驗證實财献冬_酶再水 化脫水洋芋切片可降低丙烯醯胺形成。例如,前案油炸洋芋片通常含有約 250 ppb至約_ ppb的丙烯醯胺。本實驗證實,僅需以冷天冬酿胺酶溶液 再水化脫水洋芋切片3〇分鐘,便可使油炸後的洋芋邮丙烯醯胺降低幾乎 80/〇假5又相似未處理洋芋切片之丙烯醯胺含量僅為250 ppb. ([250 50·8]/250)。此外’若將洋芋切片以相對低溫水溶液中再水化⑼分鐘, 便可使丙烯醯胺降低超90%。將天門冬素降低化合物,如天冬醯胺酶,加 入再水化溶液中,可進一步提升天門冬素從洋芋切片中溶濾至再水化溶液 之效果。以未處理洋竿切片之丙烯醯胺含量僅25〇ppb ([25〇_5〇邓25〇)為 。丙晞醯胺洋芋切片。此等降低係為保守估計,因為比較基準僅為250 ppb對照組。通常洋芋片中所含丙烯醯胺濃度更高於此。(例如·· 18 200831008 http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/〜dms/aciydata.html)此外,在一實施例中,如以較 低溫酵素溶祕桃6()分鐘,所得之油炸洋料其所含丙烯雜量低於目 前儀器之測知下限,亦即低於十億分之1〇。 據仏脫水過程會造成細胞結構削弱(但非破裂)。細胞壁的弱化有助後 續再水化¥天門冬素的溶濾、。因此,脫水洋芋切片之再水化溶液中天門冬 素含量遠A於未處理生洋芋则之再水化驗巾天門冬素含量。不論機制 為何,本發明提供-動含天門冬素食品#製造間冬素缺乏食品片之方 法0 於實施例中’本發明之目的在降低由未壓碎生食喊經去皮切片(如 洋芋切片)切塊或薯條狀製成之非組成食物產品中丙烯酿胺。在此所言,未 Μ碎食品#為再水化步驟前未鱗碾之食w。在_實補巾,薯條狀棒 之剖面寬度為約5 _至約6釐米。在另—實施例中,洋芋片為如約!餐 米至約3爱米深,50釐米至約勘复米長,2〇釐米至約%爱米寬或其他 # #界習知適當尺寸之洋芋厚片。因為薯條狀棒、塊狀或厚片狀之幾何形狀、 表面積與體積比等等異於薄片,脫水與再水化時間需加以調整。 本發明之施鑛供_點之—餘相馳低溫斯如介於 約代與歡之間)便可產生有效溶濾。本發明提出前,一般相信加熱之 溫度,如高於室溫,為天門冬素有效溶濾之必須條件。 精減㈣人士射由本義之揭録知魏抑制天門冬素活性以 干擾丙_胺形成的技術。食品成分或熱加卫前食物中天門冬素的較低含 量可大幅降低食物成品中丙烯醯胺之含量。 19 200831008 ^ 除了抑制天門冬素活性’源自植物食品成分也可經由育種或挑選方式 •取自相_射天門杨含量概者。源自働食品絲巾天門冬素含量 減少將反映於以相同熱_條件形成之丙烯醯胺量。 雖本u係以特疋實施例加以說明,精於此技藝人士應可了解各種 降低丙烯醯胺之方法變化不脫本發明之範壽。本發明可顧於任何含有天 ,門冬素之源自植物食品或如咖哪等消耗品。 . 【圖式簡單說明】 -無 【主要元件符號說明】 無
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Claims (1)
- 200831008 十、申請專利範圍: L —種降低洋芋片中丙_胺含量之方法,包含以下步驟: a) 提供一未經壓碎之脫水洋芋片; b) 以一再水化溶液再水化該洋字片以製造-再水化洋竿片;以及 C)熱加工該再水化洋芋片。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法甘 乃/麦其中,該步驟a)之該脫水洋芋片包含一切片洋芋。 3. 如申请專利範圍第1項所述之方法# + 々忐,其中,該步驟a)之該脫水洋芋片 包含一薯條狀棒。 4. 如申請專利範圍第i項所述之方法,其中,該脫水洋字片包含一在大 氣壓力下低熱條件中脫水之生洋芋片。 5·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中,該脫水洋竿片係在一低於 約74°C之烘箱溫度下脫水。 6.如申請專利範圍第i項所述之方法,其中,該脫水洋竿片包含一低於 約3%重量比之水分含量。 7·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中,該步驟的之縣水化溶液 包含天冬醯胺酶。 8·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中,該步驟b)之該再水化溶液 包含一或多種自由氨基酸’該一或多種自由氨基酸係選自半胱胺酸 (cysteine)、離胺酸(lysine)、縠胺酿胺(giyCine)、組胺酸(h㈣dine)、丙胺 酸(alanine)、甲硫胺酸(methionine)、麩胺酸(glutamic acid)、天門冬胺酸 21 200831008 (aspartic acid)、脯胺酸(proline)、苯丙胺酸(phenylalanine)、纈胺酸(valine) 與精胺酸(arginine)。 9.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其中,該步驟b)之再水化溶液包 含一或多種自由硫醇,該一或多種自由硫醇係選自半胱胺酸、N_乙醯_L_ 半胱胺酸(N-acetyl-L-cysteine)、N_乙醯-半胱胺(N-acetyl_CySteamine)、 還原型榖胱甘肽(glutathione reduced)、二硫代蘇糖醇(dithiothreitol)與酪 蛋白(casein)。 10·如申請專利範圍第9項所述之方法,其中,該步驟的之該再水化溶液 進一步包含一還原劑。 如申請專利範圍帛1項所述之方法,其中,該步驟的之該再水化溶液 進-步包含-或-種以上之pH還原鹽,該pH還原鹽具有一低於約6 〇 之 pKa 〇 12.如申請專利範圍帛i項所述之方法,其中,該再水化溶液包含一介於 約7°C至約18CC之溫度。 a如申請專利範圍第丄項所述之方法,其中,該步称狀該熱加工包含 於熱油中油炸。 14. 如申請專利範圍第】項所述之方法,其中,該步驟狀該熱加工包含 將該再水化洋芋片加熱至-介於約職至約2〇5〇c之洋竿片溫度。 15. -種降低熱加功品中丙_胺之方法,包含以下步驟: a) 提供―源自浦的食品,贿品具有-社天Π冬素含量; b) 將騎自涵的食品脫細製成—脫水食物,喊步驟雜一 22 200831008 降低的天門冬素含量較該原生天門久I 、果3量至少降低50% ;以及 '以-再水化溶麟桃_轉如觀-脉化食物,其中 該再水化溶液包含至少一丙烯醯胺降彳氏齊^ 該步驟a)之該源自植物 16.如申請專利範圍第15項所述之方法, 丹τ, 的食品包含洋芋。 該步驟b)之該脫水係發生 17.如申請專利範圍第15項所述之方法,其中, 於大氣壓力下低熱條件中。18·如申請專利範圍第15項所述之方法,其中 t 於一低於約74°C之食物溫度。 19. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之方法,其中 含一低於約3%重量比之水分含量。 20. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述之方法,其中 包含天冬酿胺酶。 該步驟b)之該脫水係發生 該步驟b)之該脫水食物包 該步驟c)之該再水化溶液21.如申請專利範圍第I5項所述之方法,其中,該步驟〇之再水化溶液包 含一或多種自由氨基酸,該一或多種自由氨基酸係選自半胱胺酸 (cysteine) > ^^^(lysine) > fe^S&^(giycine) . ^(histidine) > 酸(alanine)、甲硫胺酸(methionine)、麵胺酸(giutamic acid)、天門冬胺酸 (a^artic acid)、脯胺酸(proline)、苯丙胺酸②henylalanine)、類胺酸(vali 與精胺酸(arginine)。 23 20083100822·如申請專利範圍第1S項所述之方法,其中,該步驟〇之再水化溶液包 一或多種自由硫醇,該一或多種自由硫醇係選自半胱胺酸、N_乙醯_L_ 半胱胺酸(N-acetyl_L-cyStdne)、队乙醯_半胱胺_ce映挪㈣㈣ 還原型穀胱甘肽__〇職_句、二硫代蘇糖醇邱編_〇1)與酪 蛋白(casein)。 23.如申請專利範圍第15項所述之方法,其巾,該步驟狀婦水化溶液 進一步包含一還原劑。 从如申請專利範圍第15項所述之方法,其巾,該步驟〇之該再水化溶液 進-步包含一或一種以上之pH還原鹽,該pH還原鹽具有一低於約《ο 之 pKa。 25·如申請專利範圍第15項所述之 套其中’該再水化溶液包"一介於 約PC至約18°C之溫度。 26·如申請專利範圍第15項所述 石去,進一步包含將該再水化食物於一 熱油中油炸之步驟。 27·如申請專利範圍第is項所述之方 去’進一步包含將該再水化食物於熱 加至一介於約120〇C至約2〇5〇C之食物溫度。 24 200831008 - 七、指定代表圖: , (一)本案指定代表圖為:第(無)圖。 • (二)本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明: 無 八、本案若有化學式時,請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學式:
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| US7811618B2 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2010-10-12 | Frito-Lay North America, Inc. | Method for reducing asparagine in food products |
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- 2007-01-26 US US11/627,748 patent/US20070141226A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2008
- 2008-01-21 EP EP08727991A patent/EP2124623A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-01-21 CN CN200880003038A patent/CN101677599A/zh active Pending
- 2008-01-21 MX MX2009007953A patent/MX2009007953A/es unknown
- 2008-01-21 BR BRPI0806438-5A patent/BRPI0806438A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-01-21 JP JP2009547370A patent/JP2010525791A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-01-21 AU AU2008208046A patent/AU2008208046A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-01-21 KR KR1020097017732A patent/KR20090117750A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-01-21 WO PCT/US2008/051579 patent/WO2008091822A1/en not_active Ceased
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- 2008-01-21 RU RU2009131996/13A patent/RU2415605C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-01-24 TW TW097102629A patent/TWI347833B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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| JP2010525791A (ja) | 2010-07-29 |
| TWI347833B (en) | 2011-09-01 |
| AR065046A1 (es) | 2009-05-13 |
| EG25465A (en) | 2012-01-10 |
| WO2008091822A1 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
| EP2124623A1 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
| CA2675516A1 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
| AU2008208046A1 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
| KR20090117750A (ko) | 2009-11-12 |
| RU2009131996A (ru) | 2011-03-10 |
| CN101677599A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
| BRPI0806438A2 (pt) | 2011-09-06 |
| US20070141226A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
| ZA200904985B (en) | 2010-07-28 |
| RU2415605C1 (ru) | 2011-04-10 |
| MX2009007953A (es) | 2009-08-07 |
| CL2008000216A1 (es) | 2008-08-29 |
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