SU909803A1

SU909803A1 - Metallurgical plasmotron

Info

Publication number: SU909803A1
Application number: SU802893675A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Герман Дмитриевич Зайцев; Михаил Яковлевич Каплун; Владимир Сергеевич Малиновский; Владимир Григорьевич Евченко; Владимир Савельевич Лобанов; Дмитрий Михайлович Улитин
Original assignee: Челябинский металлургический завод
Priority date: 1980-03-13
Filing date: 1980-03-13
Publication date: 1982-02-28

Description

;54) МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЙ ПЛАЗМАТРОН; 54) METALLURGICAL PLASMATRON

Изобретение относитс к металлургии и электротермии, в частности к плазматронам дл плавки металлов в электропечи.The invention relates to metallurgy and electrothermal, in particular to plasmatrons for melting metals in an electric furnace.

Известен плазматрон дл плавки металлов, содержащий электрод, сопло и водоохлаждаемый корпус {IJ.Known plasmatron for melting metals, containing an electrode, a nozzle and a water-cooled body {IJ.

При работе плазматрона внутри печи атмосфера при разогреве становитс электропроводной образуетс электрическа цепь электрод-соплокорпус-атмосфера печи-расплавл емый металл, по которой параллельно основной дуге могут гореть шунтирующие дуги, привод щие к выходу плазматрона из стро .Кроме того, водоохлаждаемый корпус плазматрона, наход щийс в печи, приводит к большим тепловым потер м с охлаждающей его водой, что снижает КПД печи.During the operation of the plasmatron inside the furnace, the atmosphere becomes electrically conductive during heating and an electrical circuit is formed: the electrode-soplocorpus-atmosphere of the furnace-molten metal, along which shunt arcs can burn parallel to the main arc, causing the plasmatron to exit from the plasmatron. staying in the furnace leads to a large heat loss from the cooling water, which reduces the efficiency of the furnace.

Наиболее близким по технической сущности и достигаемому эффекту к предлагаемому вл етс металлургический плазмагрон, содержащий электрод , сопло, корпус и охватывающий его с зазором кожух, электрически изолированный.от него 2.The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the proposed is a metallurgical plasmagron containing an electrode, a nozzle, a housing and a housing enclosing it with a gap, electrically isolated from it 2.

Охлаждаемый газ, наход щийс в зазоре между корпусом и кожухом, увеличивает сопротивление печной атмосферы , что преп тствует образованию шунтирующих дуг. Однако при этом увеличиваютс тепловые потери, так как они растут пропорционально поверхности кожуха. Поэтому длину кожуха делают небольиюй. При этом частота возникновени шунтирующих дуг снижаетс , но исключить их полностью не удаетс .The cooled gas in the gap between the casing and the casing increases the resistance of the furnace atmosphere, which prevents the formation of shunting arcs. However, the heat loss increases as they grow in proportion to the surface of the case. Therefore, the length of the casing make a little. At the same time, the frequency of occurrence of shunt arcs is reduced, but it cannot be completely eliminated.

10ten

Цель изобретени - снижение частоты возникновени и интенсивности шунтирующих дуг, а также снижение тепловых потерь через плазматрон.The purpose of the invention is to reduce the frequency of occurrence and intensity of shunting arcs, as well as to reduce heat losses through the plasmatron.

Указанна цель достигаетс тем, This goal is achieved by

15 что в металлургическом плазматроне, содержащем электрод, сопло, корпус и охватывеиощий его с зазором кожух, электрически изолированный от него, кожух выполнен в виде керамической 15 that in a metallurgical plasmatron containing an electrode, a nozzle, a housing and a housing enclosed with a gap, electrically isolated from it, the housing is made in the form of a ceramic

20 трубы, снабженной с торцов водоохлаждаемыми фланцами, установленными соосно с ней..20 pipes supplied from the ends with water-cooled flanges installed coaxially with it.

Крс ле того, кожух выполнен под25 вижньам в осевом направлении.After that, the casing is made axially.

На.чертеже изображен металлургический плазматрон.The drawing shows a metallurgical plasmatron.

Claims

The plasmatron contains an electrode 1, a nozzle 2, a housing 3 and a housing 5 enclosing it, 30 with a gap of 4, electrically insulated from the housing 3 by an insulator 6. The casing is made in the form of a ceramic pipe 7, fitted with ends cooled and equipped with flanges 8 and 9 coaxial with her. In addition, it is made movable in the axial direction. The casing 5 can be made, for example, from asbestos concrete or a collection of refractory bricks. The plasmatron electrode 1 is electrically connected to the power source 10, which is connected to the bottom electrode 11, which supplies current to the metal to be melted. 12, The plasmatron is located on the arch of the electric furnace 13, and the metal 12 is located in the refractory crucible 14. The plasmatron operates as follows. The power source 10 ignites the main arc 15, burning between the electrode 1 and the metal to be melted 12. The atmosphere of the furnace 16 heats c, becomes partially electrically conductive and under certain conditions shunt arcs 17 along the circuit 1-nozzle 2-body 3-atmosphere occur furnace furnace 16-straightened metal 12 To install shunt arcs, it is necessary to cool the gas surrounding the housing of the 3 plasmatron. Throughout the entire length of the housing 3, the gas is cooled directly by it, and the ceramic pipe 7 prevents gas exchange between the furnace volume and the volume of gas in the gaps waiting for housing 3 and housing 5. In this case, it is necessary to actively cool the gas only at the inlet and outlet of the plasmatron housing 3 from the housing 5, which is carried out by inlet, after-cooled flanges 8 and 9. A sharp decrease in heat losses through the ceramic pipe 7 allows the housing to cover 3 along a greater length, which reduces the likelihood of occurrence and intensity of burning of shunting arches 17. If necessary, the housing 3 of the plasmatron can be moved axially relative to the housing 5, as well as the entire plasmatron relative to the roof 13 of the furnace, the Plasmatron allows It reduces the frequency of occurrence and intensity of shunting arcs, which increases the service life of the electrode, the nozzle and the plasmatron housing, and reduces the furnace downtime for its replacement. Reducing the heat loss of the plasmatron increases the thermal efficiency of the furnace. All this allows to increase the productivity of the furnace. Claim 1, A metallurgical plasmatron containing an electrode, a nozzle, a housing and a housing enclosing it with a gap, electrically isolated from it, characterized in that, in order to reduce the frequency of occurrence and intensity of shunt arcs, as well as to reduce heat losses through the plasma torch, the housing made in the form of a ceramic pipe, equipped with water-cooled flanges at the ends, installed coaxially with it,

2. A plasmatron according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is adapted to move in the axial direction. Sources of information taken into account in examination 1, Egorov A, B, Morshin A, F. Electric furnaces, M ,, Metallurgists, 1975, p., 319, 2, USSR Author's Certificate No. 340358, cl. H 05 B 7/00, 1972.