SU37101A1 - Steam locomotive machine - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to steam engines for locomotives, equipped with exhaust ports located near the ends of the cylinder and closed by the working piston and exhaust valves, which are resetted by the vapor pressure, to obtain vapor compression.

In the proposed steam engine, exhaust valves are connected to pistons, springs pressed down and placed in cylinders, the upper space of each of which is connected by tubes with the lower space of the other and, in addition, with space for fresh steam of the corresponding side of the working cylinder.

The drawing shows a diagram of a steam engine for locomotives.

The inlet valves 2 and 2a are installed on the cylinder heads, and the valve 2 I serves to admit steam into the front cavity of the cylinder through channel 28a, and | valve 2a — for admitting steam into the rear I cavity of the cylinder through channel 25. The valve lift 1 depends on the position of the protrusion rolling pin 13 associated with the Heisinger steam distribution mechanism, the protrusions, by means of rings JJ, 12, which are rotatably attached to the valve stems, lift the latter at the corresponding position of the piston 20.

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Outlet valves 75, 16, the windows of which are located near the ends of the cylinder, are placed in the chamber 14 connected by a steam exhaust channel 17 to the cone. Pistons 19, 18, moving in their cylinders and loaded with springs 9, 10, are fixed on the valve stems 15, 16 to soften the blow to the top cover while raising the pistons. The upper spaces 5a and 6a of the cylinders are connected by tubes Za and 4a with inlet channels 28a and 2 (5 and spaces for fresh steam on the corresponding side of the working cylinder. The upper space 5a of one cylinder is connected by tube 3 to the lower space b of the other cylinder, and space 6a is connected by tube 4 with space 5.

Valves 75, / b are designed to close and open at appropriate points the outlet ports 24 and 25 located at the most advantageous stroke of the piston at extreme positions, in accordance with the required value of compression and anticipation of exhaust of the exhaust steam. The eccentric cams 21 and 22 are connected by rods and are used to lift the intake valves when driving without steam.

When the piston 20 is in the forward extreme position, the valve 2 is raised by the front protrusion of the rolling pin 75 by the amount of linear anticipation of the steam inlet, which makes it possible for the steam to pass from the boiler through channel / a to chamber A and past grinding valve 2 into channel 28a into the cylinder, completing work . At the same time, steam rushes out of channel 28a through tube Za into space 5a, fills it and, creating pressure on the piston / P with valve / 5, lowers them on grinding, and through tube 3, steam enters space 6, creating pressure on the piston / with valve / 6, and raises them all the way to the top cover. Simultaneously with the fact that the pair began to move the piston 20 to the rear position, it did the preparatory and necessary work for the subsequent movement of the latter, since the exhaust valve 75 from the front cavity of the cylinder is closed to find the steam in the latter, and the window 23 is connected to the chamber J4 communicated with the steam discharge channel 77 to exit the exhaust steam from the rear cavity of the cylinder. At some position of the stroke of the piston 20, the inlet valve 2 closes from the movement of the rolling pin 75 and the vapor pressure in spaces 5 (1 and 6 will maintain the outlet valves of the pistons 18 VI 19 in the above position until the right edge of the piston 20 opens the windows 23, for pre-releasing steam from the front cavity of the cylinder, and in the rear cavity of the cylinder will not start compressing. By this, the piston will do the following preparatory work, as steam from the front cavity of the cylinder will release through window 25 past lapping Ana 16 into chamber 14 and channel 77 into the atmosphere and exactly {released from space 6 through tube 5 into space 5a, and from it through tube 3A into channel 28a and into the front cavity of the cylinder, and from it into the atmosphere aforementioned, weakened The pressure in the spaces of § and 5a on the piston 75 from the bottom and the piston / 9 from the top, depending on the pressure drop in the front cavity of the cylinder. At the same time, the piston 20 will begin to compress in the rear cavity of the cylinder, i.e., increase the pressure in it increase the pressure in the spaces ba and 5 through channel 28 and tube 4a and , fill space 6a,

will pressurize the piston 75 from above and move it down. In this case, steam from tube space through tube 4 passes into space 5 and, filling it, creates pressure on piston J9 with valve 75 from below, trying to move them upwards. At that time, when the piston 20 reaches the rear end position, the inlet valve 2a is raised by the rear protrusion of the rolling pin 75 by the amount of linear anticipation of the steam inlet, which allows the steam from the boiler to pass through channel 7 to chamber A, and from chamber A by grinding valve 2a into channel 2 and into the rear cavity of the cylinder, creating pressure in it and at the same time creating pressure through tube 4a in the space of the base on top of the piston 75; the latter, due to the excess pressure from above, goes down, closing the valve 25 with the window 25, and through the tube 4 steam passes into the space 5 under the piston J9 from below. Due to the excess pressure from below to the piston 7P, the latter moves to the upper stop, which opens the window 24 and communicates the front cavity of the cylinder with the chamber J4 connected to the steam discharge channel 77, due to which the vapor in the front cavity of the cylinder is displaced into the atmosphere by the piston 20.

At that moment, when the piston 20 reaches the window 24 and after closing it opens with its trailing edge, preliminary steam is released from the rear cavity of the cylinder, and the beginning of compression in the front cavity of the cylinder, and thus the next preparatory work will be performed. Since steam from the rear cavity of the cylinder is released through window 2 past grinding valve 75 into chamber M and channel 77B atmosphere, therefore, exactly the same steam is released from space 5 by tube 4 into space ba, and from it tube 4a-- into channel 28 and into the rear cavity of the cylinder and out of it by the above-mentioned way into the atmosphere, weakened the pressure in the spaces ba and 5 on the piston 7P from below and on the piston 75 from above, depending on the pressure drop in the rear cavity of the cylinder. Moreover, as indicated above, when the piston 20 began to compress in the front cavity of the cylinder, it thereby began to increase the pressure in it and, in the same way, the passage through the channel 28a and the tube Za began to increase the pressure in spaces 6 and 5a . In the space 5a, pressure is put on the piston / P from above, tend to move it with the valve / 5 down, and from the space 5a the steam goes through tube 5 to space 6 and, filling it, creates pressure on the piston J8 from below, trying to move it from valve 76 up. At that moment, when the piston 20 reaches the front end position, the inlet valve 2 is raised by the front protrusion of the rolling pin 7J by the amount of anticipation of the steam inlet and admits steam into the front cavity of the cylinder to accomplish the previously described work.

The subject matter of the invention.

A steam engine for locomotives with exhaust ports near the ends of the cylinder, closed to obtain compression, with a working piston, and exhaust valves that are resettable by steam pressure, characterized in that the exhaust valves are equipped with 9 W downpins and 18 and 19 moving springs moving in cylinders, the upper spaces 6a and 5a of which are connected by tubes and 5a with spaces for fresh steam on the same side of the cylinder and tubes 4 and 5- with spaces 5 and 5 on the opposite side of the cylinder.