SU27914A1 - Automatic Porcelain Insulator Machines - Google Patents

Description

The proposed automatic machine is designated for the manufacture of porcelain insulators by mechanical processing of blanks, respectively, molded from the porcelain mass. The machine automatically performs both basic operations — reaming and external turning of the blanks, as well as all additional operations: feeding special blanks of workpieces from the inclined planes feeding them into the rotating drum to the drilling site, dredging the cores inserted into them and replacing them after the mandrels, the drum carrying of the blanks from the drill to the turning cutters, and after turning, to the place where the finished products are removed and the mandrels are dredged, the products are transferred from the drum to the frame leading out x of the machine, as well as drill feed and cutter and removing chips from the machine and the dust of the resulting during processing.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the machine in front; FIG. 2 - side view of the machine; FIG. 3 is a vertical cross section of the machine; FIG. 4-top view of the machine. The remaining figures depict different

details of the machine, and FIG. Figures 5 through 7 mainly depict drills (Fig. 8-13) shaft with hooks; Fig. 14 and 15 feed bars; Fig. 16-20: drum; Figures 21-23 — device for removing finished products from it and Fig. 24 - 29 - a mechanism for removing rods from blanks, replacing them with mandrels and for removing them.

The frame of the machine consists of a front frame 27 ta. rear 28, fixed to the floor with foundation bolts and connected at the top by two transverse beams 29; all working and transmission mechanisms of the machine are installed on the frame.

Before proceeding to the description of the machine mechanism, it is necessary to give a brief understanding of the operation of the machine. The workpieces 92 to be machined (Figs. 3 and 4) with the rods 94 inserted inside them are applied manually onto the inclined bars 56 and, rolling down them, are passed one by one to the curved lower end of the bars. Here, the blanks are held up, after which the pivoting hooks T, which engage the protruding ends of the rods and clamp the ends of the blanks from the ends, approach them. Against this place is located behind the bed 28 guides the skin, oh 37 (Fig. 4), with a moving inside its cartridge, grabbing the rod head and pushing it out of the workpiece into the casing. The blank released from the rod is transferred by hooks holding it inside the drum 2 (Fig. 3), rotatable on the hollow axis 50, and placed in it between those twin holes 52 (Fig. 16, 17) in the side disks 57 of the drum, which at that time stand against guide casing J6 (Figs. 1, 2 and 4) with a drill fixed in front of frame 27 and against another casing 8 (Fig. 4) behind rear frame 28 in which one can be placed / one of elongation and through the thickness of the mandrels 95 (Fig. 26) inserted into the blanks when turned. Here, at a stationary state of the drum, the workpiece is bored out, after which the mandrel 95 is inserted into it, after the drill, from the casing 8, the mandrel 95, being placed with its ends in the holes 52 of the drum disks, and then turning the workpiece to 120 ° centers 33 and S4 (Fig. 2), of which the front 33 constantly rotates from the driving pulley /, and the rear center 34 is made retractable. Mandrel with put on. it, the workpiece is clamped between the centers and at the same time, due to its elasticity, firmly engages with the workpiece, transmitting to it the rotation of the center 33. Here, while the drum 2 is stationary at this time, the workpiece is wrapped by four cutters 44 fixed in the holders (FIG. 3 and 4) and the eccentrics supplied by the help of 43. After turning, the drum is rotated again by 120 °, and the workpiece is transferred as a finished product to position 97 (Fig. 3), located against the third rear casing 8 (Fig. 4) with a cartridge inside. At this point, the drum stops, the cartridge pulls the mandrel into the casing 8 from the product, and the product itself freely lies on the upper troughs 2 / (Fig. 21 and 22) of the vertical rods 20 (Fig. 3) of the receiving mechanism, which lower the product into one of the sockets bottom frame 22 moving on rollers on the floor and carrying out ready-made

products from the machine to the side. After the product rods are lowered, the mandrel moves from the casing 8 back to the drum and the latter returns to its original position by further turning 120 ° to its original position in which the mandrel advances from the drum to the casing 8, after which a new cycle of all operations begins. Since the drum carries at the same time three blanks that are in different stages of processing, then for a full turn it (cycle) from the machine comes out three ready insulators.

In order to carry out all the movements required to perform all the above operations, a whole series of different transmitted mechanisms are arranged in the machine, receiving movement from the step pulley R, connected with the control belt, located in the headstock 32 (Figs. 1, 2 and 4) drive (not shown). The shaft of this pulley carries at its end the front center 33, which serves together with the rear, extending in the bed 28, the center 34 for placing on them, through the mandrel, the workpiece during the external turning. The gears and the belt are transmitted through the pulleys and rotation from the stepped driving pulley R to the shaft / 5, located at the top of the base 27 W 28 in the direction transverse to them. On this shaft, except .shkiva. mounted: chain star gear Kizt eccentric 38 with a downward thrust and a screw screw enclosed in an oil bath 39.

The chain, going from the star RIZ to the star wheel (Fig. 1 and 2), transmits the movement to the drive mechanism of the drill, which drills the workpiece - and moves the casing / 5 inside it (Fig. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7) . The casing is a pipe reinforced between the bed 27 to the bracket 30 in front of it. In this pipe, having internal smooth walls, there are two bearings (Fig. 5) for the drill spindle; bearing 62 is stationary, and bearing 63 is movable, together with the hipindle, bears the pair of bevel gears RS and RS inside the tube and outside the cylindrical gear RT, which is engaged with gear rack 65 fixed longitudinally on the outside of the casing f6. In addition, the bearing 63 on the bolts (Fig. 4 and 7),

screwed at the top and bottom of it and able to move in the corresponding longitudinal slots of the casing, still carries the upper and lower fingers 64 (Fig. 1 and 4), which are affected by a fist from an endless Gall 66 chain (Fig. 2 and 4), which bends around an intermediate sprockets r and driven star gear jRio, which engages with the above star gear, by means of bevel gears RZ - gz. The length of the chain 66, the speed of its movement and the location of its fist on it are calculated so that while the workpiece to be drilled is brought up by the drum to the drill and when the drum is stopped, the fist of the chain passes along its upper branch and seizes the upper pin 64 of the movable bearing 63 and feeds the drill into the workpiece, whereby the gear R moves into rotation on the toothed rack 65 and is transmitted by the bevel gears 8 and /, the drill spindle, thus receiving a rotational motion. With the fist moving from the upper branch of the chain to the lower one, the drill feed and drilling out ends, the fist grips the drill bearing pin and retracts the last from the workpiece to the casing J6, where the drill stays idle while the chain goes around the chain to the needles in it for the next workpiece. An eccentric 38 (FIGS. 2, 3, 4), seated on the shaft J5, serves to intermittently turn the shaft 3 and the hooks 7 fixed on it to feed the last blanks onto the drum. Shaft 3 (Figs. 2, 3 and 8) is positioned longitudinally in the lower part of the machine in bearings on the front and back beds and receives rotation from the ratchet 69, on which the doggie 70 acts (Figs. 3 and 11) from the eccentric 38 pull rod. Hooks 7 (FIG. 13) must act in this way: from its initial lower position / shown in FIG. 1 and indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 3, by turning the shaft 3, they rise to the first of the blanks 92 (Fig. 3), rolled down the inclined bars 36 to the place of the bend of the latter, and in this position II the hooks, moving closer together and holding the blank from the ends, should stop for a while to remove a rod from it using a mechanism that will be described

below, and then by further rotation of the shaft 3, the hooks transfer the clamped disc into the drum -2 to the location of the drill and hold it here during drilling, occupying the /// position indicated in FIG. 3 drawings by a dotted line; thereafter, the hooks 7 are returned by one non-stop rotation back to the initial lower position. During this reverse course, the hooks 96 of their protrusion (Fig. 13) touch the lever 7 (Figs. 14 and 15), which in turn acts on the lever 6 held by the spring, located on the side of the feed-inclined bars 36 and provided with a spike 82 protruding behind their ribs and delaying movement along the bars of the following blanks until the first billet has been removed with the hooks and until the hooks have been returned to their original position; thus, this periodically descending appendage 82 will skip billets one by one,

In order to carry out the described operation of the hooks, it is required that the shaft 3, on which they sit, makes corresponding turns with stops. This is achieved by the fact that the ratchet 69 (Fig. 8 and 11) is mounted on the shaft 3 not directly, but is fastened with a key on the tubular axis 67, which is loosely mounted on the shaft 3 and coupled to it with an invert brute force, Rg, -Gy, for rotation of the shaft in two steps at certain intervals — in the gear 4, the teeth are not located around the entire circumference, but only in two groups separated by smooth partial circles (Fig. IV). To turn the shaft 3 in the opposite direction, a helical spring enclosed in a box 68 (Fig. 8) is put on its end at the rear frame 28. The required for some time holding the shaft 3 and the hooks 7 sitting on it in a stationary state, at the known positions of the hooks, is produced by a spring stopper 4 (Fig. 12) entering between the teeth of gear G5 under the action of a lever 5 driven by a pulley 72 (Fig. 8), mounted on the same tubular axis 67, on which the ratchet 69 is also seated. On the wide rim of this pulley there are cam projections 73 and 74 located on a known length of the circumference (Fig. 12),

pressing through the rod 7 / on the said lever 5.

The movement of the drum 2 (Fig. 3, 16, and 17) depends on the same pulley / 2. The latter is represented by two disks 5 /, interconnected by three ribs radially spaced at a distance of 120 ° from each other. The drum can freely rotate on a hollow axis 50 (figs. 18 and 19) passed through the central holes in the disks 5 / and reinforced with the ends in the front and rear beds. In both discs, there are three more holes 52 equally spaced from the center, also 120 apart from each other and supporting mandrels with workpieces to be machined. A wider front disc, on the front side, has a ratchet 54 (Fig. 3, 16 and 17), and on the rim three, 120 ° apart from each other, with nests 55, which may include a spring pin / P (Fig. 20) , locking the drum and releasing it with pressure on the fist lever 18/7 (Fig. 8 and 20), located on the rim of the pulley 72.

The pulley 72 also acts on the mechanism turning the bariban 2 and consisting of a ratchet 55 hooked on to the ratchet 54 (Fig. 3) pivoting on an axis fixed in the ring 56, loosely mounted on the drum 50, and from the hinge lever system 57 and 58, which are under the action of springs 60 and 5 /. The end of the short arm lever 58, pivoting on the 5P axis; is located near the rim of the pulley 72, but if the latter does not press on this shoulder, then the simultaneous compression of all the springs will cause the drum, by means of the pawl 55 and the ratchet 54, to turn, but no more than 120 °, as the locking pin 19 mentioned above will meet when turning at the indicated angle, the next slot 53 in the rim of the drum disk will lock it. In the gap until the next turn of the drum, the short arm of the lever 5 will press the fist 75 (Fig. 8) located on the rim of the pulley 75 and force the springs 60 and 61 to stretch again, and the pawl 55 to move back to the next tooth ratchet 54 for a new rotation of the drum, which will occur when the new release of his retaining finger / I

The third purpose of the pulley 72 is to control the longitudinal movement along the shaft 3 of the hooks 7 in order to clamp the ends of the blanks with them to feed the rods through the recess of them. To this end, the hooks, mounted on the shaft 3 on long keys, are each located between a ring 77 fixed on the shaft (Fig. 8 and 9) and a ring 78 moving along the shaft, with springs between these rings and hooks. Both 78-g movable rings gami 79 are pivotally connected to the rocker 80, which is rotated on a fixed axis by means of a pull 81, fitted with a roller 98 at the other end, abutting against. Its zigzag projection 76, made around the rim of the pulley rim 72. As the latter rotates, the ha / turns the yoke 0, and the 79 straps associated with it act on the movable rings 78 and through them through the intermediate springs on the hooks 7 , shifting them or moving them apart.

In addition to the above gears, from shaft 75 there is also a worm gear enclosed in the oil bath 39 (Figs. 2, 3 and 4) to the shaft 14 located on the upper transverse beams 29 parallel to the beds 27 and 28. On this shaft 14, in addition to the worm gear the wheels sit (figs. 1, 3 and 4): an eccentric 40, which imparts movement to the mechanism that receives the finished product after turning, an elliptical gear wheel 41, transmitting rotation to another parallel shaft 48 and four eccentrics 43, reproducing the feed of the four cutters turning the workpiece .

The end of the cam of the eccentric 40, by pressing on the roller 85 (Fig. 3, 21 and 22), mounted on the rod 84 of the frame 83 of the mechanism that receives the finished product from the drum, causes this frame to lower. It is lifted under the action of counterweight weights 87 (Fig. 3) connected to frame 83 with ropes thrown over the upper blocks 88. On the lower part of the frame there are two holders 86 of vertical rods 20 with upper tips in the form of a trough 27 (Fig. 21 and 22) on which the finished product rests upon lifting the rods after the mandrel has been taken out. When lowering the brakes below into a special shaft, 93 will meet the receiving frame 22 (f. 1,

2 "3, 4 and 2 moving through the rollers at the floor level and consisting of two parallel strips with semicircular nests, and placed on a pair of such nests (Fig. 4), after which the frame 22 is moved by an amount equal to the distance between nests using spring-clamp grippers 23 (Fig. 23 operating from the same eccentric 4 &; to which they are connected by a flexible rod.

The gears 4 / and - # 2 (FIGS. 1,2, 3 and 4) rotation from shaft M is transmitted to another parallel shaft 48i in parallel with the irregular rotation required for this last shaft, elliptical gears are used. The shaft 48 transmits the movement to a mechanism for removing the core from the blank as well as a mandrel from the finished product and for inserting the mandrel into the drilled blank.

In three places behind the bed 25 (Fig. 4), namely: against the bend of the lower end of the inclined feed billet of the chute 36, (Fig. 3), against the drill case T6 and against the place 97 remove the finished products from the drum to the receiving mechanism, which are all Three places are in the same horizontal plane - three supports, in the form of pipes, housing 37, 8. 8 (Fig. 4) are fixed between the bed 28 and the bracket 57. Of these, the first 37 serve to receive the rod from the workpiece, the second 8 to insert the mandrel into the drilled workpiece, and the third to wrench it from the turned-up finished product after turning. The design of all three guide covers is exactly the same: inside them, cartridges 9 (Figs. 24 and 25), protruding from the casing with their bayonet-type heads, can move. Through the cuts in these heads, the cartridges can grip the cores of the workpieces or mandrels 95 (FIG. 26) for their respective head shapes, with some rotation, which will always occur when the machine is working. Bolts that can walk longitudinally — up and down — in the cuts of the covers; 9 cartridges are fastened to the upper and lower bars 70, fitted, each, with a single spring-loaded finger 77 enclosed in a glass 77 (Fig. 2, 27, 28 and 29) which ti gi are affected by two fists 90

An endless chain of Gaul 89 (Figs. 2 and 4) passing around one of the covers through the star gears jRu — the leading and RIS — driven, thus driving the JO string and the ammunition I into reciprocating motion, due to the known regularity of the direct and the reverse movement of the cartridges, the fingers 77 are made retractable, protruding from the grams W to the outside, so that the fists 90 of the chain 89 can act on them not at every meeting with them, but periodically at known intervals. Such an extension of the fingers is carried out by an eccentric 72 (Fig. 27 and 29), sitting on an axis attached to the shaft and turning by means of a three-pointed star gear 75 (Fig. 23) on the same axis, when the third wheel on the chain 89 fist 9J, mounted on it in another, against the first two fists 90, the plane. Starlet RH, leading the Gall chain, is transmitted uneven rotation from shaft 48 through a bevel gear coupling - rjo, an inclined shaft 49 (Fig. 2 and 4), and through a second conical clutch Rie-rie, the gear wheel of which sits on the common with a star wheel. axis.

As mentioned above, four more eccentrics 43 (Figs. 3 and 4) sit on the shaft 14, serving to alternately feed the four cutters for turning the already drilled workpiece, delivered by the drum 2 to the centers 55 and 34 (Fig. 2) and receiving rotation from the front center 55. The cutters 44 are attached to the holders (Fig. 3 and 4), moving along the guide ribs in the fixed boards 45 down to the workpiece - under the pressure of eccentrics, through the rollers 46, and back up-under the action of the springs 47 (Fig 1 and 4). The chips and dust generated during the turning fall down and fall inside the hollow axis 50 (Fig. 18 and 19) of the drum 2, through its longitudinal top slot, onto the screw conveyor (auger) 24 there that removes chips and dust in the valve tube 26 (Fig. 1 and 2), adjacent to the front frame 27 of the machine against the center of the drum 2.

A similar screw 25 (fig. 3) is made in the floor groove under the location of the drill for removing chips, I get

from drilling, as well as falling from the walls of the drum after turning.

The subject of the patent.

Claims (12)

1. An automatic machine for making porcelain insulators, equipped with an axially rotating rotary drill and cutters that are moved by means of eccentrics using inclined bars for supplying blanks, the latter being fed one by one to the rotating drum, which is used to transfer the blanks to the cutters and further to the receiver of finished products, characterized by the use of hooks (Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 13) serving to feed the blanks into the drum 2 (Figs. 1, 3, 16, and 17) by gripping the threaded the workpiece 92 of the rod 94 (Fig. 3 4) and holding the workpiece during the extrusion of the rod from it, drilling and strengthening in the drum by inserting a mandrel, with which purpose the hooks / are fixed movably in the axial direction on the shaft 3 (Fig. 1, 2, 3 and 8), receiving from the drive through the ratchet mechanism and the gear train, periodic turns to the drum, returning to the initial position under the action of the spring and bearing pulley 72 with the eccentric ledge 7 (5, controlling by means of 79 and 81). 8 and 9) axial movements of the hooks. 2. The form of the machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratchet pawl 70 to the shaft 3 is mounted on an eccentric 55 (Fig. 2, 3 and 4), mounted on the shaft 15, rotated through the belt drive h and gear - d from the drive pulley R, and the ratchet gear 69, as well as the pulley 72, is mounted on a tubular shaft 67 freely mounted on the shaft 3 ( Fig. 8 and 11) coupled to the shaft 3 through a brute, in which the gear R (Fig. 10) has an incomplete ring gear, and the gear GB is under the influence of the stopper 4 (Fig. 12) connected with the lever 5 driven into action cam protrusions 75 and 74 of the pulley 72. 3. The form of the machine according to claim 1, characterized in that to control the feeding of the blanks to the hooks / is the process 82 of the lever 6 (Fig. 1, 14 and 15), held in the upper position by the spring and retracted down to skip either the workpiece by the lever 7 affected by one of the hooks when returning to the starting position after the billet is fed into the drum 4. The form of the machine according to claim 1, characterized in that for removing the core and mandrel from the finished product from the workpiece and for inserting the mandrel In the drilled workpiece, reciprocating movements of cartridges S, 8 (Fig. 24 and 25) receiving cartridges 9, provided at the front end with slots for gripping the heads of rods and mandrels 95 (Fig. 26), are applied. 5. The form of the machine according to PP 1 and 4, characterized in that for communicating reciprocating movements to the cartridges 9, fastening them at the top and bottom of the leg of the JO (Fig. 24, 27, 28 and 29) are provided with one spring finger // under the action of an eccentric / 2, To rotate it, the star wheel / 5, reinforced on a common axis with it, serves to act on, as well as the fingers //, three fists, fixed on an endless chain 89, the star wheel and JRn envelope (Fig. 2). 6. The form of the machine according to PP 1, 4 and 5, characterized in that to communicate the rotation of the starwatch, Ki serves a bevel gear mounted on a common axis, coupled with a pinion gear mounted on a shaft connected by a bevel gear TIB- / i5 and an elliptical 42-41 to the shaft J4 , rotated by a worm gear from shaft / 5 (fig. 1,2,3,4). 7. The form of the machine according to claim 1, characterized in that for communicating from above reciprocating movements, one of the bearings for the spindle of the drill (FIGS. 5, 6 and 7) is movable and provided at the top and bottom with fingers 64, the passage through the cuts in the guide casing 16, to influence which fingers serve as a fist on an endless chain B, enveloping a series of starlets R,, g (Figs. 2 and 4). 8. The form of the machine according to PP 1 and 7, characterized in that the message of rotation to the starworm (Figs 1, 2 and 4) serves as a bevel gear mounted on a common axis. coupled with the gear wheel gz, rotated through a chain transmission JRii, Riz from the shaft / 5. 9. The form of the machine according to claim 1, / characterized in that the lever gear 57, 58 (Fig. 3) to the ratchet pawl 55, which serves to turn the drum 2, is under the action of springs 60, 61 for turning and under the action of the fists on the pulley 72 for gripping the next tooth of the ratchet, on which the pulley 72, in addition, the fist / 7 is provided (Fig. 20) for acting on the lever 18 controlling the retaining finger for the drum 19. 10. The form of the machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving mechanism for finished products 93 is made in the form of vertical rods 20 fastened together (Fig. 3, 21 and 22) receiving axial downward displacement from eccentric 40 on shaft 14 , and under the action of cargo-up, and employees for the reception with its troughs 21 products 93 and for lowering it into the nest-frame 22 (Fig. 1-4), for moving what the distance between the adjacent sockets for the length are spring tongs 23 (Fig. 23), connected by drags and lever transmission with the same eccentric 40 on the shaft 14. 11. The form of the machine according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to remove shavings and dust generated during grinding of the workpiece, the fixed axis 50 of the drum 2 is made hollow (Fig. 18 and 19) with a longitudinal slit at the top and provided inside with a screw 24 . 12. In the machine tool according to claim 1, use screw 25 (FIG. 3) to remove shavings and dust generated during drilling of the workpiece, as well as falling from the drum walls after turning. Siiirt fizz to the patent of the Leningrad Insulator Aavoda. Proletarian No. 27914 FIG29 17 FNG2 3S h and ytg to the patent of the Leningrad Insulator Plant  Proletarian № 27914 ,, fng.2v hCHCHU ; hh: h.; oy:; s chuuuZhta; h; hhchch hshh uch “gu; xyy and fng.n ys but ..--., | 1Su-J. SchK fig ha to the patent of the Leningrad nvolorny plant "Proletarn No. 27914