SU20369A1 - Laboratory extraction apparatus - Google Patents

Description

When extracting fats in existing devices, the extracted substance must be pre-dried in a special device, and the use of a special device is also necessary to distill the ether from the miscella. In addition, the existing extraction apparatus operates with one sample, so that if it is necessary to produce several analyzes simultaneously, a whole group of apparatus must be used.

The present invention aims to eliminate these inconveniences and is a continuously operating laboratory drying and extraction apparatus, in which the solvent passes vertically into individual extractors located one above another, which allows you to simultaneously run several analyzes, both homogeneous and heterogeneous, and for evaporation of the solvent serves as an evaporator located in the lower part of the apparatus, which represents the heated curve of the metal surface on which the miscella falls in sprayed condition. In order to condense the solvent in the proposed apparatus, a cooler with a large cooling surface is used, preventing the possibility of volatilization of some solvent vapors that did not condense,

as is the case in some existing devices. The downpipe of the refrigerator is equipped with a tap that closes after extraction and is designed to give an opportunity to get the extractable material in a dry form. in the extractors themselves.

In the schematic drawing of FIG. 1. depicts a vertical section of the apparatus; FIG. 2-evaporator; FIG. 3-vertical section of one of the extractors.

Lpparat (Fig. 1) consists of a bath, for heating IV, a vaporizer III, extractors II and a refrigerator 1. The heating bath IV is a high metal vessel-cylinder 18 with double walls, between which an insulation layer is made, consisting of asbestos 19 and plugs 20. A thermometer 21 is located in the upper part of the bath, and a valve 24 is arranged in the lower part. Inside the bath IV, an evaporator III is inserted (Fig. 1 and 2), representing a long box of circular or square cross section, which consists of two parts: a top drawer 9, representing a reservoir, in to tory vkladyvayuts extractors II, and actually v1parivatel 10. Last separated from the top cover 11, in which there are two narrow openings 12 and 13 (FIG. 2) in which are received the ends of two

siphons of the lower extractor P. In addition to these two holes, there is a wide hole 14 in the cover 11 for the vapor to escape. Both holes 12 and 13 end up under the lid with a grate tube 15. At a distance of 1 cm from this tube 15, the evaporator is wider 16 without bottoms. The evaporator is equipped with a tap 17. In the vertical evaporator drawer 9 (Fig. 1), several identical extractors II are inserted; {Fig. 3), placed one above the other. Each extractor II is a box of circular or square cross section, and in the lid of which there are two openings: a small 5 and a wide b, provided with edges. At the bottom of each extractor there is a siphon 7 and a wide pipe 8, which pass through the bottom and enter into the corresponding holes 5 and 6

caps of the underlying extractor. The bottom of the lower extractor P is supplied with the third

a hole, for the second siphon 7, corresponding to the hole 13 in the lid: a vaporizer. At the top of the device

there is a refrigerator that represents a box of square or circular cross section, inside which tube 1 enters, is bent in the form of a coil consisting of a hye of several sections. The inlet end of the tube 1 comes out of the refrigerator and is closed with a stopper, and the outlet pipe 22 in an inclined position comes out of the refrigerator, forms a knee, locked by a crane 2, again I returns to the refrigerator, goes down, goes through the bottom of the refrigerator fits tightly into the hole 5 -In the lid of the upper extractor I. A wide crankshaft 3 passes through the second hole of the bottom of the refrigerator I and the top of the top extractor; and in one of the branches of the coil. On this tube, the vapors from the upper extractor go to the coil and here, meeting with the current of the refrigerator or refrigerant solvent and the cold walls of tube 1, are condensed. The refrigerator has a bottom insulated with asbestos and is equipped with an inlet pipe 23 for cooling water (an outlet pipe for water is not shown in the drawing).

The operation of the apparatus is as follows. After weighing the portions of the product under investigation, according to the number of individual extractors 11, each of them is crushed, put into a cartridge of filter paper and loaded through pipe 8 into the extractor. The loaded extractors are placed one after the other in an evaporator. Then, closing the valve 17, the evaporator is placed in the bath IV, and the refrigerator I is placed on top. The refrigerator valve is closed and the solvent is poured into the refrigerator through the funnel. After this, the valve 24 is closed and hot water is poured into the bath at a temperature of about 80-100 ° C, due to which the whole apparatus is heated. The cooling water is drained through the valve 24 and the bath is refilled with hot water. Cold water is allowed through the refrigerator, then the faucet 2 of the refrigerator is opened and the solvent is let in the upper extractor II. Here, the solvent encloses a low-grade product, and its level (solvent) gradually rises and reaches the level of the siphon 7, with which the solvent is poured into the second extractor. As the solvent continues to flow from the refrigerator, its level in the upper extractor remains almost unchanged, continuously covering the product under examination, due to which the extraction of fat continues all the time. The same happens in the second extractor, i.e. Miscella (oil solution) from the upper extractor passes to the second extractor, rises to the siphon, extracts fat from the second portion of the product, enriches with oil, flows into the third extractor, and so on.

From the last extractor, the miscella is pumped by two siphons 7 and 7 into the grid pipe 15, from which, in a fractured state, falls as separate streams into a wide evaporator pipe 16, the inside of which communicates with the bath, continuously heating water contained in it. Due to the large outer surface of the pipe 16, as well as its high temperature, the miscella slowly flows around the pipe and the solvent evaporates quickly, and the fat released, or almost free from solvent, falls to the bottom of the evaporator, where further solvent evaporation can occur.

Solvent vapors from both the evaporators III and extractors II rise through pipes 8 and enter pipe 3 of the refrigerator, where they meet cold current of solvent, as well as cold walls of the coil pipes and, again, condense through valve 2 into the upper extractor I.

When the extraction is completed, the valve 2 is closed and thus the flow of solvent from the refrigerator to the extractors is stopped. Then the solvent from all the extractors, as well as from the evaporator, is evaporated through the tubes 8 and condenses in the cooler tubes. This process is performed until complete drying of the pulp; moreover, all the solvent is collected in the tubes of refrigerator I. Then the access of water to the refrigerator is stopped and the apparatus is disassembled. Refrigerator I with the solvent in it is removed, closed with a stopper and can serve as a storage tank for the solvent. After removing the extractors from box 9, they take out the cartridges with dried and degreased ones.

each cartridge is weighed and the percentage of fats in the product is determined by the difference in weights before and after extraction.

The device can be used as a drying cabinet. In this case, instead of hot water, some highly boiling liquid is poured into bath IV, for example, a concentrated solution of calcium chloride boiling at 140 ° C. At this temperature, the product is dried. The bath temperature must be monitored using a thermometer inserted into the bath tube 21.

The subject of the patent.

A laboratory extraction apparatus consisting of a heating bath, an evaporator, several extractors and a refrigerator arranged one above the other, characterized in that a tap 2 is attached to the refrigerator drain pipe, which is closed after extraction and is designed to allow the extractable material to be obtained in a dry form in extractor.

FIG. I

23 1

fig 2

20

i5 g

i6

1c

10fig 2

24