SU20129A1 - Automatic air single wire brake - Google Patents

Description

An automatic air one-pass brake with staged braking and tempering is intended: to perform service braking by increasing the pressure in the duct, to obtain the desired braking mode, to limit the limiting pressure in the brake cylinder and to limit the air flow in the brake cylinder, which allowances a kind of distribution device, crane machinist and brake cylinder.

In FIG. 1, D and 1 depict a diagram of an air distribution device with individual images of channels in the face and in the mirror of the valve; FIG. 2 — a device for automatically applying a device to a braking mode; FIG. 3 and 3 modification of the switchgear; FIG. 4 and 5 are two forms of the device for limiting the limiting pressure in the brake cylinder; FIG. 6 is a diagram of the device of the brake cylinder in section along the axis of the rod; FIG. 7,8,9 and 10-various forms of wear compensation equipment; FIG. 11 is a diagram of a crane operator device in vertical section; FIG. 12-

detail of the device for controlling the opening of the spool windows in the driver's valve; FIG. 13 is a schematic of the device for supplying air from the pump directly to the line.

A switchgear designed to perform service braking by increasing the air pressure in the main air duct (Fig. 1) accommodates two diaphragm pistons 81 and 95, respectively, isolating two chambers 85 and 85, of which chamber 85 communicates through the hole 84 to the main air duct and chamber 85 through channel 97 with brake cylinder. Under the diaphragm pistons 81 and 95, the rocker 112 is supported on the support 113, with the shoulders of which the shafts 118 and 117 of the corresponding pistons 81 and 95 can come into resistance, and the forked extension 167 of the shank 118 can abut the wedge-shaped protrusion 120 reinforced on the same slider. 113, which serves as a support for the rocker arm 112 and is, on the one hand, under the squeezing effect of the spring 114, and the other side comes into contact with the curved arm 115 which is rotatably fixed on the outside of the distributor housing and entering its free end into its internal cavity. The lever 115, which is used to obtain the desired braking mode, can be subjected to pressure by the piston rod 107, which is located under the corresponding hydraulic pressure in the cylinder 42, which is attached to the distributor housing and communicates through channel 41 with the balloon 39, which is installed under the floor of the carriage around the spring and filled ng1 fluid viscosity (Fig. 2). With the outer membrane 40 of this cylinder, the protrusion on the lever 38, which is pivotally fastened at one end to the spring earring, and the other to the frame of the carriage, can come into contact. In the distributor chamber 85, the spool 86 is rigidly fixed on the piston rod 81, which is under the action of the spring 168 that attracts it upward and slides along the mirror of the table 68 fixed on the air distributor wall. In the mirror of the table 68 there are three through channels, of which channel 87 communicates with the brake cylinder, 88 with a spare tank, and 89 with the atmosphere. In the face of the spool there are two notches and a through channel 99.

The modified shape of the switchgear designed to perform service braking when the pressure in the duct is lowered (Fig. 3) differs from the basic shape of Fig. 3. 1 by replacing the rocker arm 112 with a second row arm 112, supported by a movable support 113 and articulated with piston tails 81 and 95. Moreover, piston 81 with spool 86 is not under the action of the upper spring that pulls them up, but under pulling them down by the action of the lower spring 168 and under the delayed pressing of the flat spring 169. In both forms of the distributor, the lever 165 rotating on the axis 164 serves to force the empty cylinder of the individual car to be emptied by flagella attached to the end M a and b of this lever, at which the knee 166, engaging with the protrusion 167 at the end of the piston rod 81. (Fig. 1) or on the lever 112 (Fig. 3), informs the slide valve 86 the movement connecting the channels 87 and 89.

To limit everything, only

The limiting pressure in the brake cylinder, depending on the weight of the car, serves as a device for eliminating the lever 112 (Fig. 1) and installing the pistons 81 and 85 on the common rod, which device (Fig. 4) consists of a special chamber 111 or 111 (Fig. 5) communicating via pipes 104 or 104 respectively with an opening 87 in the distributor (Figs. 1 and 3) and through pipes 105 or 105 with a brake cylinder. The chamber 111 can move and overlap the channel 104 of the spool 100, provided with a bent channel 110 and a ball valve 109. The spool 100 is rigidly connected to the piston 102 and is on one side under the pressure of the spring 108, and on the other side under. the pressure of the spring 101 compressed by the lever 46 is set by hand or under. the hydraulic pressure in the chamber 42 of the cylinder 42, which communicates through the pipe 41 with a balloon containing a viscous liquid in itself, under the pressure of the lever 38, connected to a spring (Fig. 2). A modification of this device (Fig. 5) provides for the installation of a diaphragm piston 102 with a hollow valve 100, equipped with 7 openings 190 and 191 and a ball valve 109, which piston 102 is under the influence of spring 101. controlled by lever 46 and other parts of the device of FIG. four.

The brake cylinder (Fig. 6) is made up of a plate 171 and a plate 172 entering into it which are interconnected by a flexible annular diaphragm 173. A channel 174 in a piston 171 connects a cavity between the plates with a spare reservoir. The plate 172, in turn, through the stem 175, carrying the shoe 176, connected to the stem by means of the spring 182, is connected by the frictional force of the shoe to the hollow end 177 of the stem 178, which controls the brake pads affected by the springs 181 (FIG. 7). The plate 172 is under the squeezing action of the spring 183, which abuts against the outer projections of the hollow portion of the stem 178, and the stem 178 is in contact with the wedge 179, pressed against it by the spring 180 and moved in the hole of the corresponding directional motion of the stem. Connecting stem 175 to stem J78 through the shoe 176 and the hollow part 177, which serves to allow the plate 172 to idle towards the plates 171 when the pads are worn, can be replaced by stem connection devices 175 to the jaws 188, crimping the ball 187, lowering between them due to its own weight (Fig. 8) or the occurrence of the piston 184 at the end of the rod 175 in the hydraulic chamber 185, -rgzdelennuyu partition with a check valve, preventing squeezing the liquid when the piston moves to the right in FIG. 9, or by connecting stem 175 with twin grippers 189, which crimp rod 178 as stem 175 moves to the right in FIG. 10 and releasing the stem 178 from clamping when the stem 175 moves to the left during the release of the brakes when the plates 171 and 172 come closer together.

The driver's crane, corresponding to this brake, consists of X chamber 129, formed by cup 128, having a screw thread 138 (Fig. 11) in the lower part of the outer surface, along which the sleeve 137 can move. Inside the chamber, a spool 133 can be moved, controlled by a piston 134, under the pressure of the spring 135, which is pressed underneath, supported by means of the pressure screw 140 to the bottom of the yoke 137. The hole 130 in the chamber 129 communicates with the main duct and the holes 131 with the main tank and 132 with the atmosphere. For the purpose of forcibly stopping the communication between the chamber 129 and the atmosphere, a valve 143 installed outside the valve, moved in the vertical direction by the action of the handle 142, serves to double the valve, and a screw 145 (Fig. 12) abutting , when screwing it, with its shank into the stepped inner surface of the cavity 148 of the spool 133, the outer ones are used to indicate the stroke limits of the screw 145: the stop 147 and the pointer 146.

To supply air from the air pump directly to the main air duct, the main tank by mine, a valve 8 is installed on pipe 3 (Fig. 13) connecting pump 2 to the tank, which serves to disconnect the pump from the tank if necessary. Between the fan 8 and the pipe 2, the pipe 6 adjoins the pipe 6, the wire through the smoke box of the locomotive, and communicates via the three-way valve 7 and the pipe 4 with the driver's valve. For normal communication of the crane of the driver with the reservoir 1, the pipe 5 serves as a shut off valve 7 while the valve 8 stops communication between the pump 2 and the reservoir 1 and direct communication between the pump and the crane of the driver is established.

The brake, when using a valve that allows service braking with increasing pressure in the duct ;, is that when the pressure in the pipeline exceeds 5 atmospheres, the diaphragm piston 81 overcoming the resistance of the spring 168, lowers the valve in the position shown in FIG. Ij, the compressed air coming from the air duct through the opening 84 flows from chamber 85 through channel 99 and -channel 88 into the spare tank, and at the same time the large recess of the spool closes channels 87 and 89 and sets the brake message. cylinder with atmosphere.

With further increase in pressure, the spool 86 going down opens the message of channel 87, i.e. a brake cylinder with a chamber 85, at the same time interrupting the communication of this channel with the atmosphere through a recess in the slide and the cylinder is filled with compressed air, causing deceleration. As the pressure in the brake cylinder increases, the piston rod 117 of the piston 95 presses the right (Fig. 1) shoulder of the rocker arm 112, as a result of which the shank 118 of the piston 81 rises and the spool stops air from the chamber 85 to the brake cylinder. When the pressure in the cylinder decreases, the spool 86 opens the channel 87 and replenishes the leakage and then again separates the cylinder from both chamber 85 and the atmosphere, which determines the conditions necessary for the degree of deceleration and tempering.

When the pressure in the air duct drops below 4/2 atmospheres, the small rim fence 86 informs the channel 87 with the channel 88, i.e. connects the brake cylinder to the reserve tank.

Adjusting the brake to the loaded and empty braking modes is achieved by moving the half-arm 113, and the lengths of the arms of the rocker arms 112. The automatic movement of the half-eyes 113 is achieved, depending on the weight of the car, the lever 38 presses on the membrane 40 with greater or less force and through the piston 107 respectively moves the slider 113, pressing or stretching the spring 114. In accordance with the movement of the slider 113, the wedge 120 acts on the shank 118 of the piston 81 and adjusts the opening degree of the valve 86 channel 87 so 87 that the harder the car, the greater the initial section of the channel 87.

The device for limiting the limiting pressure in the cylinder depending on the load of the car (Fig. 4 and 5) operates so that as the brake cylinder is filled, the air entering through channel 105 tends to move the valve 100 and the piston 102 down (Fig. 4) and open communication with channel 104; compressing the spring 101, the degree of compressibility which depends on pressing the lever 46 connected to the lever 38 through the hydraulic installation 41-42-40, reflecting the weight of the car. When the brake is released, the air from the brake cylinder enters the channel 104, raising the ball valve 109, and the spring 108 causes the valve 100 to open the outlet to the channel 104 when the cylinder is empty by a different amount, which is inversely related to the weight of the car.

The modified shape of the dispenser shown in FIG. 3 provides for the possibility of service braking with a decrease in pressure in the Line, where a decrease in pressure in chamber 85 causes the piston 81 and spool 86 to rise and the chamber 85 through channel 99 to the brake cylinder through channel 87.

The driver's crane is shown in FIG. 11 in a train position. As the pressure in the line increases, the air from the chamber 129 pushes the piston 134 down until the window 131 closes and the flow of air from the main reservoir stops. When the casing 137 is rotated using the handle 136 towards the unscrewing of the cage, the resistance of the spring 135 decreases, the piston 134 drops even lower and opens with the valve 133 a window 132 through which the excess air from the main enters the atmosphere. With a double t, the handle .142 with spool 143 rises up and interrupts the communication on channel 132 with the atmosphere.

The subject of the patent.

Claims (6)

1. An automatic single-wire air brake with stepped braking and tempering, characterized by the use of intended braking by increasing the air pressure in the main air duct of the switchgear consisting of rocker arms 112 (Fig. 1) with abutments resting on its ends. 118 and 117 diaphragm pistons 81 and 95, closing-first-spool chamber 85, constantly communicating with the main air duct, and second-chamber 85, constantly communicating with the brake cylinder, which device provides, for the indicated purpose of staged braking and tempering, by interactions of air pressure in chambers 85 and 85 and the corresponding influence of spring 168 on diaphragm piston 81, automatic movement of spool 86 with corresponding windows and grooves (Fig. 1 and 3) sliding through the mirror with windows 87, 88, 89, of which ne The second 87 leads to the brake cylinder, the second 88-to the reserve tank and the third 89-atmosphere, which air distribution device, in order to obtain the desired braking mode, is also equipped with an arcuate lever 115 that moves the poloschushku 113, with a support for the shank 167 wedge-shaped the protrusion 120, and the notch for the prism of the rocker arm 112, also moved together with the slider 113 through the device acting on the lever 115 of the piston rod 107, which is under the corresponding pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 42, which is connected with the channel 41 s Allon 39 (FIG. 2), perceiving the pressure of the lever 38, proportional to three or another load of the car. 2. The modification of the brake described in paragraph 1, characterized in that, instead of the rocker arm 112 (Fig. 1), a lever of the second kind 112 (Fig. 3) is used, having a xaKke movable support 113 and carrying the same As in the design of claim 1, the diaphragm pistons 81 and 95 with the only difference that the piston rod 81 is loaded with spring 168 in the opposite direction, with what modification of the device the braking is achieved by lowering the pressure in the main air duct. 3. Application to the brake described in Sec. 1 and 2, a device intended for DAL limiting the limiting pressure in the brake cylinder depending on the load of the car and consisting (Fig. 4 and 5) of the chamber 111 connected by tube 105 with the brake cylinder and tube 104-with channel 87 of the instrument of FIG. 1 or 3, in which the chamber is placed or the spool 100 with an arcuate ball valve comprising 110, loaded with a pressure from the chamber 42 of the hydraulic cylinder 42 through the lever 46, the spring 101 and the piston 102, or the diaphragm piston 102 bearing valve 100 (Fig. 5) with a through hole for the ball valve 109 and loaded as well as the spool 100 (Fig. 4). 4. Application to the brake described in Sec. 1, 2, and 3 brake cylinder in the form of a plate 171 (Fig. 6) with a plate 172 entering into it, which plates are connected - between themselves by a flexible annular diaphragm 173 and form a variable volume space in npoMejsyTKe filled with compressed air that transfers pressure to the brake the rods through the rod 178, supplied with one type or another (Fig. 9, 6, 8, 7 and 10) compensator, wear pads. ( 5. Application to the brake described in Sec. 1 and 2, a driver's crane, with a well-known piston-spool distributor, equipped with a pressure no. the adjusting spring 135 (Fig. 11) of the screw case 137, turned with a handle, in which the valve, in order to adjust the opening of the spool windows, the spool 133 is equipped with a stepped recess 148 (Fig. 12) with a screw shank extending into it 145. 6. The use of the device with the brake described in paragraph 1 for the purpose of supplying air directly from the air pump to the line, which is horned by the fact that pipe 3, located between the main tank 1 and pump 2, is connected by pipe 6 / passing through the smoke pipe. the locomotive box, through the three-way valve 7 with the driver's crane, for disconnecting the main tank of the said pipe 3 at the last mouth;, the valve 8 was inserted. jf-7-: iVA-r -VC- и i. & 9S,.,. fng.Z .. d5 iSlf ,, 3; i 3,. Sh. -. f - 33 "C. 5 "45/3 / / 41 yig2„ 5