SU1695871A1 - Method of forage preparation from the plant raw - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to obtain feed from non-utilizable plant waste. The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of feed. The method consists in ensiling sunflower husk or husk of cereals by a consortium of microorganisms consisting of Lactobacterlum pentoaceticum CMPM B-1622 strains, Propionibacterium freudenreichil subsp. shermanu and CMPM B-2559 with a ratio equal to 1: 1: 2.5. The use of a consortium reduces the content of hardly hydrolysable polysaccharides from 28.8-37.5 to 13.3-16%. 7 tab. J 13 .and C

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to obtain feed from non-utilizable plant waste.

A known method of obtaining feed from plant raw materials by siloing associations of microorganisms, consisting of Lactobacterium pentoaceticum strains, Propfonlbacterlum freudenreichil subsp. shermanll.

The disadvantage of the known method is insufficient cleavage of cellulose in vegetable raw materials and a large amount of hardly hydrolysable polysaccharides is contained in the feed.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the feed by reducing the content of hardly hydrolyzable polysaccharides.

The method of producing the feed is as follows. Sunflower husks or husks of grains are moistened with water or 1% aqueous solution of NaCl to a moisture content of 55-60%, the bacterial preparation is diluted in water and evenly distributed in the raw material, then carefully tamped and hermetically sealed. The bacterial preparation is a consortium of microorganisms consisting of Lactobacterlum pentoaceticum CMPM B-1622 strains (PMB), Propionibacterium freudenreichli subsp. shermanli (PCB) and Cellulomonas

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09 VI

flavigena CMPM B-2559 (ILB) in a ratio, respectively, equal to 1: 1: 2.5.

The mole-acidic pentose-sparing bacteria Lactobacterlum pentoaceflcum CMPM B-1622 (PMB) utilizes cellulose and hemicellulose derivatives, as well as having hemicellase activity themselves. The lactic and acetic acids produced by them contribute to maceration of the substrate and at the same time preserving it, as is the case when silage ripens. Since lactic acid, accumulating to a certain concentration (about 1%), has an inhibitory effect on the viability of cello lithium bacteria, it is reasonable to reduce the proportion of lactic acid bacteria in association by half. Thus, in the composition of the association used, the ratio of CBL and PCB cells equal to 2.5: 1 is optimal for correct process management. With the same purpose, propionic acid bacteria Prop-ionlbacterium crtermanii (PMB), which use lactic acid as a carbon and energy source and produce propionic acid, which is less toxic to CLB, are also included in the bacterial association. Thus, the final ratio of cells of the CLB, PMB, and PCB, in association with optimal process management, is 2.5: 1: 1. As a result, the life of the CLB is not disturbed and the process of splitting of the hardly hydrolyzable cellulose fractions goes deeper. At the same time, propionic acid has a curative effect on acidosis in animals and is an active preservative, inhibiting the undesirable spontaneous microflora of the raw material. The consumption rate of the bacterial preparation is 45 g per 1 ton of raw material (25 g of CBL, 10 g of PMB, 10 g of PCB) in the ratio of 2.5: 1: 1 or liquid at the rate of 45 ml of suspension / 1 kg of raw material. An increase in the number of bacterial cells producing organic acids in associations leads to the disruption of cellulolytic bacteria in life and reduces the efficiency of the bioconversion process. The amount of cells in the CLB can only be doubled without prejudice to the process. A further increase in their content is undesirable, since it can stimulate the development of spontaneous microflora. A prerequisite for successful process is a uniform distribution of bacterial cells, careful tamping and tightness.

product. Production of the feed product takes 15-30 days.

Example 1. Preparing a consortium of microorganisms HsCeUulomonas flavigena

(CLB) - Lactobacterlum pemoacetlcum B (b) - 23 (PB), - Propionibacterium freudenreichll subsp.shermanii in a ratio of 2.5: 1: 1. The husk is mixed with water until a humidity of 60% is reached. At the same time bring dry

0 yeast at the rate of 45 g of a consortium with a titer of 2-108 cells / ml per 1 ton of husk, then carefully tamped and hermetically sealed. The control is the husk of sunflower, fermented with the help of spon5 secret microflora without the addition of leaven. The results are presented in Table 1 (the analysis of the silos was carried out after 30 days). The food obtained with the use of a bacterial starter has a fruit scent, a softened structure, pH 4.5, contains lactic acid 0.74% versus 0.4% in the control variant of the experiment, but oil acid is absent.

Changes in carbohydrate are observed.

5 composition of raw materials from sunflower husk. Thus, in the resulting feed product, the fiber content decreased from 50.0 to 29.0%, difficultly hydrolysable polysaccharides from 37.5 to 13.3%, which contributes to

0 its digestibility.

It should be noted that the conversion of sunflower husk with the help of a bacterial preparation contributes to the enrichment of the received feed with protein from 0.8 to 5.4%, i.e.

5 more than 6 times, vitamins Bi and Bi2 more than 4 times, B2 - 2 times, protein from 1.0 to 5.4% (5.5 times), fat from 3.7 to 8.0 % (more than 2 times).

Strain of bacteria Cellulomonas flavigena

0 22 Collections of the Central Museum of Industrial Microorganisms of the Institute of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute-Egenetic, collection number CMPM B-2559 - producer of cellulolytic enzymes Ci and Cx.

5 Strain of heterofermentative pento-collecting lactic acid bacteria Lactobacterlum pentoaceticum B (b) -23 (collection of the Central Museum of Industrial Microorganisms of the Institute of Scientific Research Institute for Genetics, collection number CMPM B-1622 - a producer of organic acids.

The strain of propionic acid bacteria Propionibacterium freudenrelchil subsp. shermanii is a producer of propionic acid and vitamin Bi2. Dry bacterial starters and pasta on the basis of that strain are currently being produced by the IMIV pilot plant at the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR of Alma-Ata, dry bacterial starters are produced by the plants of the Head of the Microbioprom (Progress plant, Vyshny Volochek and ZBP, Kiev). Bacteria Proplonlbact, freudenreichif subsp. shermanil obtained from the Central Museum of Industrial Microorganisms: CMPM-b / n.

Example 2. Buckwheat husks were used as raw materials for conversion. Silage techniques and bacterial starters are the same as in Example 1. The results are presented in Table 2.

The resulting feed is characterized by high organoleptic characteristics — the smell of pickled vegetables and grain bread. A change in the physical properties of the buckwheat husk in the direction of its size is noted. The content of lactic acid in the obtained silo is 1.2%, while in the control one it is 0.6%. Oil acid is absent, pH 4.7 (table 2). Thus, the fiber content decreased from 54.0 to 38.5%, hard hydrolysable polysaccharides from 28.9 to 11.3%, which indicates a significant degradation of fiber and an increase in the digestible ™ of the resulting feed product. In addition, compared to the control (without a starter), the resulting feed is enriched with the products of the vital activity of microorganisms — vitamins W and Bi2 from 2.9 to 13.0 mg / kg. and B2 from 6.2 to 26.8 mg / kg, i.e. more than 4 times, protein from Q, 7 to 3.7% (more than 5 times), protein from 1.3 to 4.2%, i.e. 3 times, the amount of fat increased 2.5 times, i.e. from 2.4 to 5.6%.

Example 3. Millet husk was used as raw material for silage. Silage techniques and bacterial starters are the same as in example 1. The results are presented in table 3.

The resulting method has high organoleptic characteristics - the smell of pickled vegetables, the normal structure of millet husk with significant softening. pH 4.6. Lactic acid content is 0.8% (versus 0.38% in the control silo), butyric acid is absent.

A decrease in the amount of cellulose from 44.0 to 24.2%, hardly hydrolysable polysaccharides from 34.4 to 28.0%, and lightly hydrolysable polysaccharides from 31.2

to 18.0%, which indicates an increase in the digestibility of the resulting feed product, however, the content of B In increased from 44.8 to 55.2%. (Experimental silage compared with the control (without yeast) is enriched with protein from 0.9 to 4.5%, i.e., 5 times, to vitamins W. 812 from 2.9 to 13.0 and B2 from 8.5 to 18.4 mg / kg, i.e., more than 2-4 times, fat from 2.4 to 4.1%. High organoleptic and biochemical parameters confirm that the silage obtained has good qualities.

The digestibility of the obtained silo was determined in an artificial cicatrix of production at the Department of Chemistry of the Polytechnic Institute and in the zonal laboratory, the results are presented in Table 4.

The data obtained indicate that the experimental silage has a variability of 2.5–4.5% higher, depending on the type of raw material (versus the control variant).

Studies have been conducted on the effects of known microorganisms individually and in association. The conditions of the experiments were carried out as described in Example 1, but different preparations were used as indicated in Table. 5, 6 and 7 (silage made from the husks of sunflower, husks of buckwheat and husks of millet are appropriate).

Thus, the proposed method allows to obtain good quality feed.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of obtaining feed from plant material by silage by a consortium of microorganisms consisting of strains of Lactobacterlum pentoaceticum CMPM B-1622. Proplonlbacterium freudenrelchli subsp. shermanii, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the feed, before the ensiling of microorganisms, the strain of bacteria Cellulomonas flavlgena CMPM B-2559 is also added to the consortium, while the strains are introduced in a ratio of 1: 1: 2.5, respectively. As raw materials, sunflower husks or grain husks are used. Table 1 Note: The raw materials content of hardly hydrolyzable polysaccharides is 37.5%. easily hydrolyzed polysaccharides 30.1%, protein 0.84%, fiber 50.0%. table 2 Note: In the feedstock, the content of hardly hydrolysable polysaccharides is 23.8%, lightly hydrolysable polysaccharides is 20.7%, protein is 0.7%, and fiber is 54.0%. Table 3 Note: In the feedstock, the content of hardly hydrolyzable polysaccharides is 34.4%, lightly hydrolysable polysaccharides is 31.2%, protein is 0.9%, and fiber is 44.0%. Continuation of table 2 Note. In the original raw material content of 30.1, protein 0.84. trudnogidphkhmeueiyih polysaccharide E7.51; easily hydrolyzed ve isaccharido Table 4 proteins tcha GzChA Trudnogi izpizuemy polysaccharides 23.8%, lightly. izvmyh polysaccharides 20.7, Note. In the original raw materials content of 31.2, protein 0.9, fiber hardly hypolysable polysaccharides S1, easily hydrolyzable polysaccharides and, I.