SU16876A1 - The method of obtaining plastics from wood - Google Patents

Description

It is known that finely ground, to the degree of powder, wood, being compressed at a temperature not lower than 155 ° and a pressure of 250-300 atmospheres, acquires high plastic properties and can form ornamental materials that are well amenable to mechanical processing, but do not differ in sufficient water-permeability. The quality of the resulting plastic material and products from it are improved to a great extent, if at the same time the obtained fine wood powder is thoroughly mixed with a small amount of substances that actively interact with the lignin of wood and thus increase its cementing ability. Such organic cementitious substances are usually albumin, casein, gelatin, natural resins, pitch, asphalt, various synthetic resins and, in particular, phenol containing condensation products such as novolok, in a mixture with which sawdust is not only an inert filler, but in known conditions are also actively involved in the formation of plastic material mainly due to lignin contained in wood.

The author found that adding small amounts. phenols to finely ground sprayed wood

gives the opportunity to obtain, by hot pressing at a temperature not lower than 150 and a pressure of about 200-300 atmospheres, a water-resistant plastic mass suitable for making various handicrafts therefrom, the amount of phenol can vary up to 5% of the weight of wood (E from the wood species and lignin content). The addition of insignificant amounts of hydrochloric acid or of the substances separating it from phenol accelerates the process of plastic formation during pressing. In addition to phenols, other substances, mainly of high molecular weight, containing a hydroxyl group can be consumed, which, when interacting with lignin, gives resinous products. The quality of the mass can also be improved by first adding some glycerol or other polyhydric alcohols (for example, ethylene glycol) to phenols, taken approximately in an amount of 1 alcohol molecule per 2 phenol molecules. Mixtures of these ingredients can be made either directly in the kneading machines, or after prior dissolution of the added substances, for example, in water (phenol and glycerin).

Example 1. 97 c, parts of finely ground wood powder are mixed with a solution of 3 parts of phenol in 30 parts of water; then the resulting mass is dried and pressed into molds at a temperature not lower than 150 ° and a pressure of 300 atmospheres.

Example 2. The production method described in Example 1 is modified so that 0.1 parts of strong hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of 3 parts of phenol in 30 parts of water.

Example 3. Treatment as in Example 1 and 2, with the change that 1 hour of glycerol is added to the solution of phenol in water.

The subject of the patent.

A method of producing plastics from wood, characterized in that the pulverized wood is mixed with phenols or their mixture with polyhydric alcohols and pressed into molds at a temperature not lower than 150 ° in the presence of hydrochloric acid or substances separating it, or without them.